1
|
Mao M, Wu Y, He Q. Recent advances in targeted drug delivery for the treatment of glioblastoma. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8689-8707. [PMID: 38606460 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the highly malignant brain tumors characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the recent advancements in the treatment of GBM, major challenges persist in achieving controlled drug delivery to tumors. The management of GBM poses considerable difficulties primarily due to unresolved issues in the blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) and GBM microenvironment. These factors limit the uptake of anti-cancer drugs by the tumor, thus limiting the therapeutic options. Current breakthroughs in nanotechnology provide new prospects concerning unconventional drug delivery approaches for GBM treatment. Specifically, swimming nanorobots show great potential in active targeted delivery, owing to their autonomous propulsion and improved navigation capacities across biological barriers, which further facilitate the development of GBM-targeted strategies. This review presents an overview of technological progress in different drug administration methods for GBM. Additionally, the limitations in clinical translation and future research prospects in this field are also discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guideline for researchers and offer perspectives on further development of new drug delivery therapies to combat GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Mao
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Qiang He
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Sun P, Li Z, Xiao S. Clinical Advances and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5291. [PMID: 37958464 PMCID: PMC10650136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs), without harming normal tissues, selectively infect and replicate within tumor cells, to release immune molecules and tumor antigens, achieving immune-mediated destruction of tumors and making them one of the most promising immunotherapies for cancer. Many clinical studies have demonstrated that OVs can provide clinical benefits for patients with different types of tumors, at various stages, including metastatic and previously untreatable cases. When OVs are used in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and other treatments, they can synergistically enhance the therapeutic effects. The concept of oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) was proposed in the early 20th century. With advancements in genetic engineering, genetically modified viruses can further enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, global research on OV treatment of malignant tumors has increased dramatically. This article comprehensively reviews the findings from relevant research and clinical trials, providing an overview of the development of OVT and its application in the clinical treatment of head and neck cancer. The aim is to offer insights for future clinical and fundamental research on OVT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (P.S.); (Z.L.)
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (P.S.); (Z.L.)
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi Y, Lee HK, Choi KC. Engineered adult stem cells: a promising tool for anti-cancer therapy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:71-77. [PMID: 36330711 PMCID: PMC9978368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are one of the most dreaded diseases in human history and have been targeted by numerous trials including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anti-cancer drugs. Adult stem cells (ASCs), which can regenerate tissues and repair damage, have emerged as leading therapeutic candidates due to their homing ability toward tumor foci. Stem cells can precisely target malicious tumors, thereby minimizing the toxicity of normal cells and unfavorable side effects. ASCs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are powerful tools for delivering therapeutic agents to various primary and metastatic cancers. Engineered ASCs act as a bridge between the tumor sites and tumoricidal reagents, producing therapeutic substances such as exosomes, viruses, and anti-cancer proteins encoded by several suicide genes. This review focuses on various anti-cancer therapies implemented via ASCs and summarizes the recent treatment progress and shortcomings. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 71-77].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngdong Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-43-261-3664; Fax: +82-43-267-3150; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi Y, Lee HK, Choi KC. Engineered adult stem cells: a promising tool for anti-cancer therapy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:71-77. [PMID: 36330711 PMCID: PMC9978368 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are one of the most dreaded diseases in human history and have been targeted by numerous trials including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anti-cancer drugs. Adult stem cells (ASCs), which can regenerate tissues and repair damage, have emerged as leading therapeutic candidates due to their homing ability toward tumor foci. Stem cells can precisely target malicious tumors, thereby minimizing the toxicity of normal cells and unfavorable side effects. ASCs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are powerful tools for delivering therapeutic agents to various primary and metastatic cancers. Engineered ASCs act as a bridge between the tumor sites and tumoricidal reagents, producing therapeutic substances such as exosomes, viruses, and anti-cancer proteins encoded by several suicide genes. This review focuses on various anti-cancer therapies implemented via ASCs and summarizes the recent treatment progress and shortcomings. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 71-77].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngdong Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Zhao C, Li S, Wang J, Zhang H. Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapies for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030602. [PMID: 36765560 PMCID: PMC9913210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a primary glial glioma that occurs in all age groups but predominates in children and is the main cause of solid tumor-related childhood mortality. Due to its rapid progression, the inability to operate and insensitivity to most chemotherapies, there is a lack of effective treatment methods in clinical practice for DIPG patients. The prognosis of DIPG patients is extremely poor, with a median survival time of no more than 12 months. In recent years, there have been continuous breakthroughs for immunotherapies in various hematological tumors and malignant solid tumors with extremely poor prognoses, which provides new insights into tumors without effective treatment strategies. Meanwhile, with the gradual development of stereotactic biopsy techniques, it is gradually becoming easier and safer to obtain live DIPG tissue, and the understanding of the immune properties of DIPG has also increased. On this basis, a series of immunotherapy studies of DIPG are under way, some of which have shown encouraging results. Herein, we review the current understanding of the immune characteristics of DIPG and critically reveal the limitations of current immune research, as well as the opportunities and challenges for immunological therapies in DIPG, hoping to clarify the development of novel immunotherapies for DIPG treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bernstock JD, Hoffman SE, Kappel AD, Valdes PA, Essayed WI, Klinger NV, Kang KD, Totsch SK, Olsen HE, Schlappi CW, Filipski K, Gessler FA, Baird L, Filbin MG, Hashizume R, Becher OJ, Friedman GK. Immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of diffuse midline gliomas. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2124058. [PMID: 36185807 PMCID: PMC9519005 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2124058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are a highly aggressive and universally fatal subgroup of pediatric tumors responsible for the majority of childhood brain tumor deaths. Median overall survival is less than 12 months with a 90% mortality rate at 2 years from diagnosis. Research into the underlying tumor biology and numerous clinical trials have done little to change the invariably poor prognosis. Continued development of novel, efficacious therapeutic options for DMGs remains a critically important area of active investigation. Given that DMGs are not amenable to surgical resection, have only limited response to radiation, and are refractory to traditional chemotherapy, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative treatment modality. This review summarizes the various immunotherapy-based treatments for DMG as well as their specific limitations. We explore the use of cell-based therapies, oncolytic virotherapy or immunovirotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, and immunomodulatory vaccination strategies, and highlight the recent clinical success of anti-GD2 CAR-T therapy in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) patients. Finally, we address the challenges faced in translating preclinical and early phase clinical trial data into effective standardized treatment for DMG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samantha E. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ari D. Kappel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walid Ibn Essayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil V. Klinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyung-Don Kang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stacie K. Totsch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah E. Olsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles W. Schlappi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Filipski
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lissa Baird
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariella G. Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oren J. Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, the Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, NY, USA
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blitz SE, Kappel AD, Gessler FA, Klinger NV, Arnaout O, Lu Y, Peruzzi PP, Smith TR, Chiocca EA, Friedman GK, Bernstock JD. Tumor-Associated Macrophages/Microglia in Glioblastoma Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1808. [PMID: 35163730 PMCID: PMC8836356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a rapidly progressing field that uses oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively infect malignant cells and cause an antitumor response through direct oncolysis and stimulation of the immune system. Despite demonstrated pre-clinical efficacy of OVs in many cancer types and some favorable clinical results in glioblastoma (GBM) trials, durable increases in overall survival have remained elusive. Recent evidence has emerged that tumor-associated macrophage/microglia (TAM) involvement is likely an important factor contributing to OV treatment failure. It is prudent to note that the relationship between TAMs and OV therapy failures is complex. Canonically activated TAMs (i.e., M1) drive an antitumor response while also inhibiting OV replication and spread. Meanwhile, M2 activated TAMs facilitate an immunosuppressive microenvironment thereby indirectly promoting tumor growth. In this focused review, we discuss the complicated interplay between TAMs and OV therapies in GBM. We review past studies that aimed to maximize effectiveness through immune system modulation-both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressant-and suggest future directions to maximize OV efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blitz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Ari D. Kappel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Neil V. Klinger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omar Arnaout
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ennio A. Chiocca
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.V.K); (O.A.); (Y.L.); (P.P.P.); (T.R.S.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reale A, Calistri A, Altomonte J. Giving Oncolytic Viruses a Free Ride: Carrier Cells for Oncolytic Virotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122192. [PMID: 34959474 PMCID: PMC8709025 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging class of therapeutics which combine multiple mechanisms of action, including direct cancer cell-killing, immunotherapy and gene therapy. A growing number of clinical trials have indicated that OVs have an excellent safety profile and provide some degree of efficacy, but to date only a single OV drug, HSV-1 talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec), has achieved marketing approval in the US and Europe. An important issue to consider in order to accelerate the clinical advancement of OV agents is the development of an effective delivery system. Currently, the most commonly employed OV delivery route is intratumoral; however, to target metastatic diseases and tumors that cannot be directly accessed, it is of great interest to develop effective approaches for the systemic delivery of OVs, such as the use of carrier cells. In general, the ideal carrier cell should have a tropism towards the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it must be susceptible to OV infection but remain viable long enough to allow migration and finally release of the OV within the tumor bed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been heavily investigated as carrier cells due to their inherent tumor tropism, in spite of some disadvantages in biodistribution. This review focuses on the other promising candidate carrier cells under development and discusses their interaction with specific OVs and future research lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Reale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hofman L, Lawler SE, Lamfers MLM. The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Oncolytic Virotherapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081570. [PMID: 34452439 PMCID: PMC8402704 DOI: 10.3390/v13081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the cancer hallmarks is immune evasion mediated by the tumour microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic virotherapy is a form of immunotherapy based on the application of oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively replicate in and induce the death of tumour cells. Virotherapy confers reciprocal interaction with the host’s immune system. The aim of this review is to explore the role of macrophage-mediated responses in oncolytic virotherapy efficacy. The approach was to study current scientific literature in this field in order to give a comprehensive overview of the interactions of OVs and macrophages and their effects on the TME. The innate immune system has a central influence on the TME; tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally have immunosuppressive, tumour-supportive properties. In the context of oncolytic virotherapy, macrophages were initially thought to predominantly contribute to anti-viral responses, impeding viral spread. However, macrophages have now also been found to mediate transport of OV particles and, after TME infiltration, to be subjected to a phenotypic shift that renders them pro-inflammatory and tumour-suppressive. These TAMs can present tumour antigens leading to a systemic, durable, adaptive anti-tumour immune response. After phagocytosis, they can recirculate carrying tissue-derived proteins, which potentially enables the monitoring of OV replication in the TME. Their role in therapeutic efficacy is therefore multifaceted, but based on research applying relevant, immunocompetent tumour models, macrophages are considered to have a central function in anti-cancer activity. These novel insights hold important clinical implications. When optimised, oncolytic virotherapy, mediating multifactorial inhibition of cancer immune evasion, could contribute to improved patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hofman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Martine L. M. Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-010-703-5993
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fares J, Ahmed AU, Ulasov IV, Sonabend AM, Miska J, Lee-Chang C, Balyasnikova IV, Chandler JP, Portnow J, Tate MC, Kumthekar P, Lukas RV, Grimm SA, Adams AK, Hébert CD, Strong TV, Amidei C, Arrieta VA, Zannikou M, Horbinski C, Zhang H, Burdett KB, Curiel DT, Sachdev S, Aboody KS, Stupp R, Lesniak MS. Neural stem cell delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus in newly diagnosed malignant glioma: a first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1103-1114. [PMID: 34214495 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glioma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumour, with dismal survival rates and no effective treatment. We examined the safety and activity of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7, an engineered oncolytic adenovirus delivered by neural stem cells (NSCs), in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma. METHODS This was a first-in-human, open-label, phase 1, dose-escalation trial done to determine the maximal tolerated dose of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7, following a 3 + 3 design. Patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed, high-grade gliomas (WHO grade III or IV) were recruited. After neurosurgical resection, NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 was injected into the walls of the resection cavity. The first patient cohort received a dose starting at 6·25 × 1010 viral particles administered by 5·00 × 107 NSCs, the second cohort a dose of 1·25 × 1011 viral particles administered by 1·00 × 108 NSCs, and the third cohort a dose of 1·875 × 1011 viral particles administered by 1·50 × 108 NSCs. No further dose escalation was planned. Within 10-14 days, treatment with temozolomide and radiotherapy was initiated. Primary endpoints were safety and toxicity profile and the maximum tolerated dose for a future phase 2 trial. All analyses were done in all patients who were included in the trial and received the study treatment and were not excluded from the study. Recruitment is complete and the trial is finished. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03072134. FINDINGS Between April 24, 2017, and Nov 13, 2019, 12 patients with newly diagnosed, malignant gliomas were recruited and included in the safety analysis. Histopathological evaluation identified 11 (92%) of 12 patients with glioblastoma and one (8%) of 12 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma. The median follow-up was 18 months (IQR 14-22). One patient receiving 1·50 × 108 NSCs loading 1·875 × 1011 viral particles developed viral meningitis (grade 3) due to the inadvertent injection of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 into the lateral ventricle. Otherwise, treatment was safe as no formal dose-limiting toxicity was reached, so 1·50 × 108 NSCs loading 1·875 × 1011 viral particles was recommended as a phase 2 trial dose. There were no treatment-related deaths. The median progression-free survival was 9·1 months (95% CI 8·5-not reached) and median overall survival was 18·4 months (15·7-not reached). INTERPRETATION NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 treatment was feasible and safe. Our immunological and histopathological findings support continued investigation of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 in a phase 2/3 clinical trial. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ilya V Ulasov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James P Chandler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Matthew C Tate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean A Grimm
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann K Adams
- Office of the Vice-President for Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Christina Amidei
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten Bell Burdett
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Calinescu AA, Kauss MC, Sultan Z, Al-Holou WN, O'Shea SK. Stem cells for the treatment of glioblastoma: a 20-year perspective. CNS Oncol 2021; 10:CNS73. [PMID: 34006134 PMCID: PMC8162173 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the deadliest form of primary brain tumor, remains a disease without cure. Treatment resistance is in large part attributed to limitations in the delivery and distribution of therapeutic agents. Over the last 20 years, numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of stem cells as antiglioma agents, leading to the development of trials to test these therapies in the clinic. In this review we present and analyze these studies, discuss mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect and highlight experimental progress, limitations and the emergence of promising new therapeutic avenues. We hope to increase awareness of the advantages brought by stem cells for the treatment of glioblastoma and inspire further studies that will lead to accelerated implementation of effective therapies. Glioblastoma is the deadliest and most common form of brain tumor, for which there is no cure. It is very difficult to deliver medicine to the tumor cells, because they spread out widely into the normal brain, and local blood vessels represent a barrier that most medicines cannot cross. It was shown, in many studies over the last 20 years, that stem cells are attracted toward the tumor and that they can deliver many kinds of therapeutic agents directly to brain cancer cells and shrink the tumor. In this review we analyze these studies and present new discoveries that can be used to make stem cell therapies for glioblastoma more effective to prolong the life of patients with brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - McKenzie C Kauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,College of Literature Science & Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zain Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wajd N Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sue K O'Shea
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou YC, Zhang YN, Yang X, Wang SB, Hu PY. Delivery systems for enhancing oncolytic adenoviruses efficacy. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119971. [PMID: 33059014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (OAds) has long been considered a promising biotherapeutic agent against various types of cancer owing to selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells, while remaining dormant in healthy cells. In the last years, multiple (pre)clinical studies using genetic engineering technologies enhanced OAds anti-tumor effects in a broad range of cancers. However, poor targeting delivery, tropism toward healthy tissues, low-level expression of Ad receptors on tumor cells, and pre-existing neutralizing antibodies are major hurdles for systemic administration of OAds. Different vehicles have been developed for addressing these obstacles, such as stem cells, nanoparticles (NPs) and shielding polymers, extracellular vesicles (EVs), hydrogels, and microparticles (MPs). These carriers can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of OVs through enhancing transfection, circulatory longevity, cellular interactions, specific targeting, and immune responses against cancer. In this paper, we reviewed adenovirus structure and biology, different types of OAds, and the efficacy of different carriers in systemic administration of OAds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Zhou
- Gastroenterological & Pancreatic Surgery Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You-Ni Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou 317200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou 317200, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ruiz-Garcia H, Alvarado-Estrada K, Krishnan S, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Trifiletti DM. Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Therapy Bioengineering in Glioma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558375. [PMID: 33365304 PMCID: PMC7750507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a dismal disease associated with poor survival and high morbidity. Current standard treatments have reached a therapeutic plateau even after combining maximal safe resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. In this setting, stem cells (SCs) have risen as a promising therapeutic armamentarium, given their intrinsic tumor homing as well as their natural or bioengineered antitumor properties. The interplay between stem cells and other therapeutic approaches such as nanoparticles holds the potential to synergize the advantages from the combined therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles represent a broad spectrum of synthetic and natural biomaterials that have been proven effective in expanding diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, either used alone or in combination with immune, genetic, or cellular therapies. Stem cells have been bioengineered using these biomaterials to enhance their natural properties as well as to act as their vehicle when anticancer nanoparticles need to be delivered into the tumor microenvironment in a very precise manner. Here, we describe the recent developments of this new paradigm in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chastkofsky MI, Pituch KC, Katagi H, Zannikou M, Ilut L, Xiao T, Han Y, Sonabend AM, Curiel DT, Bonner ER, Nazarian J, Horbinski CM, James CD, Saratsis AM, Hashizume R, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Successfully Deliver Oncolytic Virotherapy to Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1766-1777. [PMID: 33272983 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is among the deadliest of pediatric brain tumors. Radiotherapy is the standard-of-care treatment for DIPG, but offers only transient relief of symptoms for patients with DIPG without providing significant survival benefit. Oncolytic virotherapy is an anticancer treatment that has been investigated for treating various types of brain tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we have explored the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for oncolytic virus (OV) delivery and evaluated treatment efficacy using preclinical models of DIPG. The survivin promoter drives the conditional replication of OV used in our studies. The efficiency of OV entry into the cells is mediated by fiber modification with seven lysine residues (CRAd.S.pK7). Patients' samples and cell lines were analyzed for the expression of viral entry proteins and survivin. The ability of MSCs to deliver OV to DIPG was studied in the context of a low dose of irradiation. RESULTS Our results show that DIPG cells and tumors exhibit robust expression of cell surface proteins and survivin that enable efficient OV entry and replication in DIPG cells. MSCs loaded with OV disseminate within a tumor and release OV throughout the DIPG brainstem xenografts in mice. Administration of OV-loaded MSCs with radiotherapy to mice bearing brainstem DIPG xenografts results in more prolonged survival relative to that conferred by either therapy alone (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports OV, CRAd.S.pK7, encapsulated within MSCs as a therapeutic strategy that merits further investigation and potential translation for DIPG treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Chastkofsky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hiroaki Katagi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liliana Ilut
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erin R Bonner
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hammad M, Cornejo YR, Batalla-Covello J, Majid AA, Burke C, Liu Z, Yuan YC, Li M, Dellinger TH, Lu J, Chen NG, Fong Y, Aboody KS, Mooney R. Neural Stem Cells Improve the Delivery of Oncolytic Chimeric Orthopoxvirus in a Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Model. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:326-334. [PMID: 32775617 PMCID: PMC7394740 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising approach for treating recurrent and/or drug-resistant ovarian cancer. However, its successful application in the clinic has been hampered by rapid immune-mediated clearance, which reduces viral delivery to the tumor. Patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells that home to tumors have been used as viral delivery tools, but variability associated with autologous cell isolations limits the clinical applicability of this approach. We previously developed an allogeneic, clonal neural stem cell (NSC) line (HB1.F3.CD21) that can be used to deliver viral cargo. Here, we demonstrate that this NSC line can improve the delivery of a thymidine kinase gene-deficient conditionally replication-competent orthopoxvirus, CF33, in a preclinical cisplatin-resistant peritoneal ovarian metastases model. Overall, our findings provide the basis for using off-the-shelf allogeneic cell-based delivery platforms for oncolytic viruses, thus providing a more efficient delivery alternative compared with the free virus administration approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yvonne R. Cornejo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School for Biological Sciences at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Batalla-Covello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School for Biological Sciences at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Asma Abdul Majid
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Connor Burke
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Translational Bioinformatics Division, Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Translational Bioinformatics Division, Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Biostatistics at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Thanh H. Dellinger
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nanhai G. Chen
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hamada M, Yura Y. Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7073. [PMID: 32992948 PMCID: PMC7582277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer has been treated by a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made immunotherapy a new treatment method. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy selectively infects tumor cells with a low-pathogenic virus, lyses tumor cells by the cytopathic effects of the virus, and induces anti-tumor immunity to destroy tumors by the action of immune cells. In OV therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vaccinia virus, adenovirus, reovirus, measles virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), are mainly used. As the combined use of mutant HSV-1 and ICI was successful for the treatment of melanoma, studies are underway to combine OV therapy with radiation, chemotherapy, and other types of immunotherapy. In such therapy, it is important for the virus to selectively replicate in tumor cells, and to express the viral gene and the introduced foreign gene in the tumor cells. In OV therapy for HNSCC, it may be useful to combine systemic and local treatments that improve the delivery and replication of the inoculated oncolytic virus in the tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Portnow J, Badie B, Suzette Blanchard M, Kilpatrick J, Tirughana R, Metz M, Mi S, Tran V, Ressler J, D'Apuzzo M, Aboody KS, Synold TW. Feasibility of intracerebrally administering multiple doses of genetically modified neural stem cells to locally produce chemotherapy in glioma patients. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:294-306. [PMID: 32895489 PMCID: PMC8843788 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are tumor tropic and can be genetically modified to produce anti-cancer therapies locally in the brain. In a prior first-in-human study we demonstrated that a single dose of intracerebrally administered allogeneic NSCs, which were retrovirally transduced to express cytosine deaminase (CD), tracked to glioma sites and converted oral 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The next step in the clinical development of this NSC-based anti-cancer strategy was to assess the feasibility of administering multiple intracerebral doses of CD-expressing NSCs (CD-NSCs) in patients with recurrent high grade gliomas. CD-NSCs were given every 2 weeks using an indwelling brain catheter, followed each time by a 7-day course of oral 5-FC (and leucovorin in the final patient cohort). Fifteen evaluable patients received a median of 4 (range 2–10) intracerebral CD-NSC doses; doses were escalated from 50 x 106 to 150 x 106 CD-NSCs. Neuropharmacokinetic data confirmed that CD-NSCs continuously produced 5-FU in the brain during the course of 5-FC. There were no clinical signs of immunogenicity, and only three patients developed anti-NSC antibodies. Our results suggest intracerebral administration of serial doses of CD-NSCs is safe and feasible and identified a recommended dose for phase II testing of 150 x 106 CD-NSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Behnam Badie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - M Suzette Blanchard
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Julie Kilpatrick
- Department of Clinical Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Office of IND Development and Regulatory Affairs, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marianne Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Shu Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vivi Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Julie Ressler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Massimo D'Apuzzo
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Q, Liu F. Advances and potential pitfalls of oncolytic viruses expressing immunomodulatory transgene therapy for malignant gliomas. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:485. [PMID: 32587256 PMCID: PMC7316762 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunosuppressive, lethal brain tumor. Despite advances in molecular understanding and therapies, the clinical benefits have remained limited, and the life expectancy of patients with GBM has only been extended to ~15 months. Currently, genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OV) that express immunomodulatory transgenes constitute a research hot spot in the field of glioma treatment. An oncolytic virus is designed to selectively target, infect, and replicate in tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. Moreover, many studies have shown therapeutic advantages, and recent clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of their usage. However, the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses alone is limited, while oncolytic viruses expressing immunomodulatory transgenes are more potent inducers of immunity and enhance immune cell-mediated antitumor immune responses in GBM. An increasing number of basic studies on oncolytic viruses encoding immunomodulatory transgene therapy for malignant gliomas have yielded beneficial outcomes. Oncolytic viruses that are armed with immunomodulatory transgenes remain promising as a therapy against malignant gliomas and will undoubtedly provide new insights into possible clinical uses or strategies. In this review, we summarize the research advances related to oncolytic viruses that express immunomodulatory transgenes, as well as potential treatment pitfalls in patients with malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nasal Drug Delivery of Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Preclinical and Clinical Trials. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234312. [PMID: 31779126 PMCID: PMC6930669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal form of brain tumor, being characterized by the rapid growth and invasion of the surrounding tissue. The current standard treatment for glioblastoma is surgery, followed by radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy, typically with temozolomide. Although extensive research has been carried out over the past years to develop a more effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GBM, efforts have not provided major improvements in terms of the overall survival of patients. Consequently, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Overcoming the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major challenge in the development of therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this context, the intranasal route of drug administration has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative route for directly targeting the CNS. This route of drug administration bypasses the BBB and reduces the systemic side effects. Recently, several formulations have been developed for further enhancing nose-to-brain transport, mainly with the use of nano-sized and nanostructured drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the strategies that have been developed for delivering anticancer compounds for the treatment of GBM while using nasal administration. In particular, the specific properties of nanomedicines proposed for nose-to-brain delivery will be critically evaluated. The preclinical and clinical data considered supporting the idea that nasal delivery of anticancer drugs may represent a breakthrough advancement in the fight against GBM.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng M, Huang J, Tong A, Yang H. Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy: Barriers and Recent Advances. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 15:234-247. [PMID: 31872046 PMCID: PMC6911943 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are powerful new therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. With the first OV (talimogene laherparepvec [T-vec]) obtaining US Food and Drug Administration approval, interest in OVs has been boosted greatly. Nevertheless, despite extensive research, oncolytic virotherapy has shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Recent advances in viral retargeting, genetic editing, viral delivery platforms, tracking strategies, OV-based gene therapy, and combination strategies have the potential to broaden the applications of oncolytic virotherapy in oncology. In this review, we present several insights into the limitations and challenges of oncolytic virotherapy, describe the strategies mentioned above, provide a summary of recent preclinical and clinical trials in the field of oncolytic virotherapy, and highlight the need to optimize current strategies to improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ulasov IV, Mijanovic O, Savchuk S, Gonzalez-Buendia E, Sonabend A, Xiao T, Timashev P, Lesniak MS. TMZ regulates GBM stemness via MMP14-DLL4-Notch3 pathway. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2218-2228. [PMID: 31443114 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors with frequent recurrences following the standard methods of treatment-temozolomide (TMZ), ionizing radiation and surgical resection. The objective of our study was to investigate GBM resistance mediated via MMP14 (matrix metalloproteinase 14). We used multiple PDX GBM models and established glioma cell lines to characterize expression and subcellular localization of MMP14 after TMZ treatment. We performed a Kiloplex ELISA-based array to evaluate changes in cellular proteins induced by MMP14 expression and translocation. Lastly, we conducted functional and mechanistic studies to elucidate the role of DLL4 (delta-like canonical notch ligand 4) in regulation of glioma stemness, particularly in the context of its relationship to MMP14. We detected that TMZ treatment promotes nuclear translocation of MMP14 followed by extracellular release of DLL4. DLL4 in turn stimulates cleavage of Notch3, its nuclear translocation and induction of sphering capacity and stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olja Mijanovic
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Adam Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petr Timashev
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martinez-Quintanilla J, Seah I, Chua M, Shah K. Oncolytic viruses: overcoming translational challenges. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1407-1418. [PMID: 30829653 DOI: 10.1172/jci122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in which WT or engineered viruses selectively replicate and destroy tumor cells while sparing normal ones. In the last two decades, different oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been modified and tested in a number of preclinical studies, some of which have led to clinical trials in cancer patients. These clinical trials have revealed several critical limitations with regard to viral delivery, spread, resistance, and antiviral immunity. Here, we focus on promising research strategies that have been developed to overcome the aforementioned obstacles. Such strategies include engineering OVs to target a broad spectrum of tumor cells while evading the immune system, developing unique delivery mechanisms, combining other immunotherapeutic agents with OVT, and using clinically translatable mouse tumor models to potentially translate OVT more readily into clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Seah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and
| | - Melissa Chua
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gutova M, Flores L, Adhikarla V, Tsaturyan L, Tirughana R, Aramburo S, Metz M, Gonzaga J, Annala A, Synold TW, Portnow J, Rockne RC, Aboody KS. Quantitative Evaluation of Intraventricular Delivery of Therapeutic Neural Stem Cells to Orthotopic Glioma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:68. [PMID: 30838174 PMCID: PMC6389659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are inherently tumor-tropic, which allows them to migrate through normal tissue and selectively localize to invasive tumor sites in the brain. We have engineered a clonal, immortalized allogeneic NSC line (HB1.F3.CD21; CD-NSCs) that maintains its stem-like properties, a normal karyotype and is HLA Class II negative. It is genetically and functionally stable over time and multiple passages, and has demonstrated safety in phase I glioma trials. These properties enable the production of an "off-the-shelf" therapy that can be readily available for patient treatment. There are multiple factors contributing to stem cell tumor-tropism, and much remains to be elucidated. The route of NSC delivery and the distribution of NSCs at tumor sites are key factors in the development of effective cell-based therapies. Stem cells can be engineered to deliver and/or produce many different therapeutic agents, including prodrug activating enzymes (which locally convert systemically administered prodrugs to active chemotherapeutic agents); oncolytic viruses; tumor-targeted antibodies; therapeutic nanoparticles; and extracellular vesicles that contain therapeutic oligonucleotides. By targeting these therapeutics selectively to tumor foci, we aim to minimize toxicity to normal tissues and maximize therapeutic benefits. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that NSCs administered via intracerebral/ventricular (IVEN) routes can migrate efficiently toward single or multiple tumor foci. IVEN delivery will enable repeat administrations for patients through an Ommaya reservoir, potentially resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes. In our preclinical studies using various glioma lines, we have quantified NSC migration and distribution in mouse brains and have found robust migration of our clinically relevant HB1.F3.CD21 NSC line toward invasive tumor foci, irrespective of their origin. These results establish proof-of-concept and demonstrate the potential of developing a multitude of therapeutic options using modified NSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Soraya Aramburo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marianne Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Gonzaga
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Annala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mallett CL, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, Shapiro EM. Tracking Neural Progenitor Cell Migration in the Rodent Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:995. [PMID: 30686969 PMCID: PMC6337062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of neurogenesis and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is important across the biomedical spectrum, from learning about normal brain development and studying disease to engineering new strategies in regenerative medicine. In adult mammals, NPCs proliferate in two main areas of the brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone, and continue to migrate even after neurogenesis has ceased within the rest of the brain. In healthy animals, NPCs migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb, and in diseased animals, NPCs migrate toward lesions such as stroke and tumors. Here we review how MRI-based cell tracking using iron oxide particles can be used to monitor and quantify NPC migration in the intact rodent brain, in a serial and relatively non-invasive fashion. NPCs can either be labeled directly in situ by injecting particles into the lateral ventricle or RMS, where NPCs can take up particles, or cells can be harvested and labeled in vitro, then injected into the brain. For in situ labeling experiments, the particle type, injection site, and image analysis methods have been optimized and cell migration toward stroke and multiple sclerosis lesions has been investigated. Delivery of labeled exogenous NPCs has allowed imaging of cell migration toward more sites of neuropathology, which may enable new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for as-of-yet untreatable neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L. Mallett
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Dorela D. Shuboni-Mulligan
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Erik M. Shapiro
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mooney R, Majid AA, Batalla-Covello J, Machado D, Liu X, Gonzaga J, Tirughana R, Hammad M, Lesniak MS, Curiel DT, Aboody KS. Enhanced Delivery of Oncolytic Adenovirus by Neural Stem Cells for Treatment of Metastatic Ovarian Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 12:79-92. [PMID: 30719498 PMCID: PMC6350263 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising approach for treating recurrent and/or drug-resistant ovarian cancer. However, its successful application in the clinic has been hampered by rapid immune-mediated clearance or neutralization of the virus, which reduces viral access to tumor foci. To overcome this barrier, patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been used to deliver virus to tumors, but variability associated with autologous cell isolations prevents this approach from being broadly clinically applicable. Here, we demonstrate the ability of an allogeneic, clonal neural stem cell (NSC) line (HB1.F3.CD21) to protect oncolytic viral cargo from neutralizing antibodies within patient ascites fluid and to deliver it to tumors within preclinical peritoneal ovarian metastases models. The viral payload used is a conditionally replication-competent adenovirus driven by the survivin promoter (CRAd-S-pk7). Because the protein survivin is highly expressed in ovarian cancer, but not in normal differentiated cells, viral replication should occur selectively in ovarian tumor cells. We found this viral agent was effective against cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumors and could be used as an adjunct treatment with cisplatin to decrease tumor burden without increasing toxicity. Collectively, our data suggest NSC-delivered CRAd-S-pk7 virotherapy holds promise for improving clinical outcome, reducing toxicities, and improving quality of life for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Asma Abdul Majid
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Batalla-Covello
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Diana Machado
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xueli Liu
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Biostatistics at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joanna Gonzaga
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Division of Cancer Biology and Biologic Therapeutic Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Song CG, Zhang YZ, Wu HN, Cao XL, Guo CJ, Li YQ, Zheng MH, Han H. Stem cells: a promising candidate to treat neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1294-1304. [PMID: 30028342 PMCID: PMC6065243 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic impairments are usually irreversible as a result of limited regeneration in the central nervous system. Therefore, based on the regenerative capacity of stem cells, transplantation therapies of various stem cells have been tested in basic research and preclinical trials, and some have shown great prospects. This manuscript overviews the cellular and molecular characteristics of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, and their derivatives in vivo and in vitro as sources for regenerative therapy. These cells have all been considered as candidates to treat several major neurological disorders and diseases, owing to their self-renewal capacity, multi-directional differentiation, neurotrophic properties, and immune modulation effects. We also review representative basic research and recent clinical trials using stem cells for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as traumatic brain injury and glioblastoma. In spite of a few unsuccessful cases, risks of tumorigenicity, and ethical concerns, most results of animal experiments and clinical trials demonstrate efficacious therapeutic effects of stem cells in the treatment of nervous system disease. In summary, these emerging findings in regenerative medicine are likely to contribute to breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological disorders. Thus, stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geng Song
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Ning Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yokoda R, Nagalo BM, Vernon B, Oklu R, Albadawi H, DeLeon TT, Zhou Y, Egan JB, Duda DG, Borad MJ. Oncolytic virus delivery: from nano-pharmacodynamics to enhanced oncolytic effect. Oncolytic Virother 2017; 6:39-49. [PMID: 29184854 PMCID: PMC5687448 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s145262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of a growing number of oncolytic viruses (OVs) to clinical development, drug delivery is becoming an important barrier to overcome for optimal therapeutic benefits. Host immunity, tumor microenvironment and abnormal vascularity contribute to inefficient vector delivery. A number of novel approaches for enhanced OV delivery are under evaluation, including use of nanoparticles, immunomodulatory agents and complex viral–particle ligands along with manipulations of the tumor microenvironment. This field of OV delivery has quickly evolved to bioengineering of complex nanoparticles that could be deposited within the tumor using minimal invasive image-guided delivery. Some of the strategies include ultrasound (US)-mediated cavitation-enhanced extravasation, magnetic viral complexes delivery, image-guided infusions with focused US and targeting photodynamic virotherapy. In addition, strategies that modulate tumor microenvironment to decrease extracellular matrix deposition and increase viral propagation are being used to improve tumor penetration by OVs. Some involve modification of the viral genome to enhance their tumoral penetration potential. Here, we highlight the barriers to oncolytic viral delivery, and discuss the challenges to improving it and the perspectives of establishing new modes of active delivery to achieve enhanced oncolytic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Yokoda
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
| | - Bolni M Nagalo
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
| | - Brent Vernon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Thomas T DeLeon
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
| | - Yumei Zhou
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
| | - Jan B Egan
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
| | - Dan G Duda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li G, Bonamici N, Dey M, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. Intranasal delivery of stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of brain malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:163-172. [PMID: 28895435 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1378642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain cancer in adults, and its poor prognosis and resistance to the existing standard of care require the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. The local delivery of stem cells as therapeutic carriers against glioma has produced encouraging results, but encounters obstacles with regards to the repeatability and invasiveness of administration. Intranasal delivery of therapeutic stem cells could overcome these obstacles, among others, as a noninvasive and easily repeatable mode of administration. AREAS COVERED This review describes nasal anatomy, routes of stem cell migration, and factors affecting stem cell delivery to hard-to-reach tumors. Furthermore, this review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell migration following delivery, as well as possible stem cell effector functions to be considered in combination with intranasal delivery. EXPERT OPINION Further research is necessary to elucidate the dynamics of stem cell effector functions in the context of intranasal delivery and optimize their therapeutic potency. Nonetheless, the technique represents a promising tool against brain cancer and has the potential to be expanded for use against other brain pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Li
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Nicolas Bonamici
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- b Department of Neurological Surgery , Indiana University , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Mooney R, Abdul Majid A, Batalla J, Annala AJ, Aboody KS. Cell-mediated enzyme prodrug cancer therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:35-51. [PMID: 28916493 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-directed gene therapy is a promising new frontier for the field of targeted cancer therapies. Here we discuss the current pre-clinical and clinical use of cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT) directed against solid tumors and avenues for further development. We also discuss some of the challenges encountered upon translating these therapies to clinical trials. Upon sufficient development, cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy has the potential to maximize the distribution of therapeutic enzymes within the tumor environment, localizing conversion of prodrug to active drug at the tumor sites thereby decreasing off-target toxicities. New combinatorial possibilities are also promising. For example, when combined with viral gene-delivery vehicles, this may result in new hybrid vehicles that attain heretofore unmatched levels of therapeutic gene expression within the tumor.
Collapse
|
31
|
Barish ME, Herrmann K, Tang Y, Argalian Herculian S, Metz M, Aramburo S, Tirughana R, Gutova M, Annala A, Moats RA, Goldstein L, Rockne RC, Gutierrez J, Brown CE, Ghoda L, Aboody KS. Human Neural Stem Cell Biodistribution and Predicted Tumor Coverage by a Diffusible Therapeutic in a Mouse Glioma Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1522-1532. [PMID: 28481046 PMCID: PMC5689763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) intrinsically migrating to brain tumors offer a promising mechanism for local therapeutic delivery. However, difficulties in quantitative assessments of NSC migration and in estimates of tumor coverage by diffusible therapeutics have impeded development and refinement of NSC-based therapies. To address this need, we developed techniques by which conventional serial-sectioned formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) brains can be analyzed in their entirety across multiple test animals. We considered a conventional human glioblastoma model: U251 glioma cells orthotopically engrafted in immunodeficient mice receiving intracerebral (i.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) administrations of NSCs expressing a diffusible enzyme to locally catalyze chemotherapeutic formation. NSC migration to tumor sites was dose-dependent, reaching 50%-60% of total administered NSCs for the i.c route and 1.5% for the i.v. route. Curiously, the most efficient NSC homing was seen with smaller NSC doses, implying existence of rate-limiting process active during administration and/or migration. Predicted tumor exposure to a diffusing therapeutic (assuming a 50 µm radius of action) could reach greater than 50% of the entire tumor volume for i.c. and 25% for i.v. administration. Within individual sections, coverage of tumor area could be as high as 100% for i.c. and 70% for i.v. routes. Greater estimated therapeutic coverage was observed for larger tumors and for larger tumor regions in individual sections. Overall, we have demonstrated a framework within which investigators may rationally evaluate NSC migration to, and integration into, brain tumors, and therefore enhance understanding of mechanisms that both promote and limit this therapeutic modality. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1522-1532.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Barish
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Herrmann
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Siranush Argalian Herculian
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marianne Metz
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Soraya Aramburo
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alexander Annala
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Rex A Moats
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leanne Goldstein
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Gutierrez
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology/HCT, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Parker Kerrigan BC, Shimizu Y, Andreeff M, Lang FF. Mesenchymal stromal cells for the delivery of oncolytic viruses in gliomas. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:445-457. [PMID: 28233640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell that has been exploited for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. In particular, MSCs have been studied extensively for their ability to treat glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and deadly form of brain cancer in adults. MSCs are attractive therapeutics because they can be obtained relatively easily from patients, are capable of being expanded numerically in vitro, can be easily engineered and are inherently capable of homing to tumors, making them ideal vehicles for delivering biological antitumoral agents. Oncolytic viruses are promising biological therapeutic agents that have been used in the treatment of GBMs, and MSCs are currently being explored as a means of delivering these viruses. Here we review the role of MSCs in the treatment of GBMs, focusing on the intersection of MSCs and oncolytic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Parker Kerrigan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuzaburo Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The therapeutic contribution of nanomedicine to treat neurodegenerative diseases via neural stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials 2017; 123:77-91. [PMID: 28161683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of adult neurogenesis drastically changed the therapeutic approaches of central nervous system regenerative medicine. The stimulation of this physiologic process can increase memory and motor performances in patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Neural stem cells contribute to the neurogenesis process through their differentiation into specialized neuronal cells. In this review, we describe the most important methods developed to restore neurological functions via neural stem cell differentiation. In particular, we focused on the role of nanomedicine. The application of nanostructured scaffolds, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, and nanotechnology-based real-time imaging has significantly improved the safety and the efficacy of neural stem cell-based treatments. This review provides a comprehensive background on the contribution of nanomedicine to the modulation of neurogenesis via neural stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Evaluation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma resection margins using ex-vivo MR. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2017; 12:821-828. [PMID: 28130702 PMCID: PMC5420007 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-017-1524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Purpose of this feasibility study was (1) to evaluate whether application of ex-vivo 7T MR of the resected tongue specimen containing squamous cell carcinoma may provide information on the resection margin status and (2) to evaluate the research and developmental issues that have to be solved for this technique to have the beneficial impact on clinical outcome that we expect: better oncologic and functional outcomes, better quality of life, and lower costs. Methods We performed a non-blinded validation of ex-vivo 7T MR to detect the tongue squamous cell carcinoma and resection margin in 10 fresh tongue specimens using histopathology as gold standard. Results In six of seven specimens with a histopathologically determined invasion depth of the tumor of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\ge }3$$\end{document}≥3 mm, the tumor could be recognized on MR, with a resection margin within a 2 mm range as compared to histopathology. In three specimens with an invasion depth of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${<}1$$\end{document}<1 mm, the tumor was not visible on MR. Technical limitations mainly included scan time, image resolution, and the fact that we used a less available small-bore 7T MR machine. Conclusion Ex-vivo 7T probably will have a low negative predictive value but a high positive predictive value, meaning that in tumors thicker than a few millimeters we expect to be able to predict whether the resection margin is too small. A randomized controlled trial needs to be performed to show our hypothesis: better oncologic and functional outcomes, better quality of life, and lower costs.
Collapse
|
35
|
Portnow J, Synold TW, Badie B, Tirughana R, Lacey SF, D'Apuzzo M, Metz MZ, Najbauer J, Bedell V, Vo T, Gutova M, Frankel P, Chen M, Aboody KS. Neural Stem Cell-Based Anticancer Gene Therapy: A First-in-Human Study in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2951-2960. [PMID: 27979915 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Human neural stem cells (NSC) are inherently tumor tropic, making them attractive drug delivery vehicles. Toward this goal, we retrovirally transduced an immortalized, clonal NSC line to stably express cytosine deaminase (HB1.F3.CD.C21; CD-NSCs), which converts the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).Experimental Design: Recurrent high-grade glioma patients underwent intracranial administration of CD-NSCs during tumor resection or biopsy. Four days later, patients began taking oral 5-FC every 6 hours for 7 days. Study treatment was given only once. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation schema was used to increase doses of CD-NSCs from 1 × 107 to 5 × 107 and 5-FC from 75 to 150 mg/kg/day. Intracerebral microdialysis was performed to measure brain levels of 5-FC and 5-FU. Serial blood samples were obtained to assess systemic drug concentrations as well as to perform immunologic correlative studies.Results: Fifteen patients underwent study treatment. We saw no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) due to the CD-NSCs. There was 1 DLT (grade 3 transaminitis) possibly related to 5-FC. We did not see development of anti-CD-NSC antibodies and did not detect CD-NSCs or replication-competent retrovirus in the systemic circulation. Intracerebral microdialysis revealed that CD-NSCs produced 5-FU locally in the brain in a 5-FC dose-dependent manner. Autopsy data indicate that CD-NSCs migrated to distant tumor sites and were nontumorigenic.Conclusions: Collectively, our results from this first-in-human study demonstrate initial safety and proof of concept regarding the ability of NSCs to target brain tumors and locally produce chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 2951-60. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | | | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Simon F Lacey
- Clinical Immunobiology Correlative Studies Laboratory, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Marianne Z Metz
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph Najbauer
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Tien Vo
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Paul Frankel
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mike Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gutova M, Goldstein L, Metz M, Hovsepyan A, Tsurkan LG, Tirughana R, Tsaturyan L, Annala AJ, Synold TW, Wan Z, Seeger R, Anderson C, Moats RA, Potter PM, Aboody KS. Optimization of a Neural Stem-Cell-Mediated Carboxylesterase/Irinotecan Gene Therapy for Metastatic Neuroblastoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 4:67-76. [PMID: 28345025 PMCID: PMC5363723 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved survival for children with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma (NB), recurrent disease is a significant problem, with treatment options limited by anti-tumor efficacy, patient drug tolerance, and cumulative toxicity. We previously demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) expressing a modified rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) can distribute to metastatic NB tumor foci in multiple organs in mice and convert the prodrug irinotecan (CPT-11) to the 1,000-fold more toxic topoisomerase-1 inhibitor SN-38, resulting in significant therapeutic efficacy. We sought to extend these studies by using a clinically relevant NSC line expressing a modified human CE (hCE1m6-NSCs) to establish proof of concept and identify an intravenous dose and treatment schedule that gave maximal efficacy. Human-derived NB cell lines were significantly more sensitive to treatment with hCE1m6-NSCs and irinotecan as compared with drug alone. This was supported by pharmacokinetic studies in subcutaneous NB mouse models demonstrating tumor-specific conversion of irinotecan to SN-38. Furthermore, NB-bearing mice that received repeat treatment with intravenous hCE1m6-NSCs and irinotecan showed significantly lower tumor burden (1.4-fold, p = 0.0093) and increased long-term survival compared with mice treated with drug alone. These studies support the continued development of NSC-mediated gene therapy for improved clinical outcome in NB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gutova
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leanne Goldstein
- Information Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Marianne Metz
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anahit Hovsepyan
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lyudmila G Tsurkan
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alexander J Annala
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zesheng Wan
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, CHLA/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert Seeger
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, CHLA/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Clarke Anderson
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rex A Moats
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Toward a world of theranostic medication: Programming biological sentinel systems for therapeutic intervention. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:66-76. [PMID: 27189230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic systems support diagnostic and therapeutic functions in a single integrated entity and enable precise spatiotemporal control of the generation of therapeutic molecules according to the individual patient's disease state, thereby maximizing the therapeutic outcome and minimizing side effects. These systems can also incorporate reporter systems equipped with a disease-sensing module that can be used to estimate the efficacy of treatment in vivo. Among these reporter systems, biological sentinel systems, such as viruses, bacteria, and mammalian cells, have great potential for use in the development of novel theranostic systems because of their ability to sense a variety of disease markers and secrete various therapeutic molecules. Furthermore, recent advances in biotechnology and synthetic biology have made it possible to treat these biological systems as true programmable entities capable of conducting complex operations, to accurately identify each individual patient's disease state. In this review, we introduce the basic design principles of these rapidly expanding classes of biological sentinel system-based theranostic agents, with a focus on recent advances, and we also discuss potential enabling technologies that can further improve these systems and provide more sophisticated therapeutic interventions in the near future. In addition, we consider the possibility of synergistic use of theranostic agents that use different modalities and discuss the prospects for next-generation theranostic agents.
Collapse
|
38
|
Dey M, Yu D, Kanojia D, Li G, Sukhanova M, Spencer DA, Pituch KC, Zhang L, Han Y, Ahmed AU, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. Intranasal Oncolytic Virotherapy with CXCR4-Enhanced Stem Cells Extends Survival in Mouse Model of Glioma. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:471-482. [PMID: 27594591 PMCID: PMC5032402 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges to effective drug delivery to brain tumors are twofold: (1) there is a lack of non-invasive methods of local delivery and (2) the blood-brain barrier limits systemic delivery. Intranasal delivery of therapeutics to the brain overcomes both challenges. In mouse model of malignant glioma, we observed that a small fraction of intranasally delivered neural stem cells (NSCs) can migrate to the brain tumor site. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxic preconditioning or overexpression of CXCR4 significantly enhances the tumor-targeting ability of NSCs, but without altering their phenotype only in genetically modified NSCs. Modified NSCs deliver oncolytic virus to glioma more efficiently and extend survival of experimental animals in the context of radiotherapy. Our findings indicate that intranasal delivery of stem cell-based therapeutics could be optimized for future clinical applications, and allow for safe and repeated administration of biological therapies to brain tumors and other CNS disorders. Intranasal delivery of NSCs is a promising platform for glioma therapy Hypoxia or CXCR4 overexpression enhances NSC migration to glioma Oncolytic viruses loaded in CXCR4-enhanced NSCs improve animal survival Non-invasive intranasal NSC-based therapies warrant clinical translation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Dey
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dou Yu
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gina Li
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Drew A Spencer
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Katatzyna C Pituch
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yu Han
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim J, Hall RR, Lesniak MS, Ahmed AU. Stem Cell-Based Cell Carrier for Targeted Oncolytic Virotherapy: Translational Opportunity and Open Questions. Viruses 2015; 7:6200-17. [PMID: 26633462 PMCID: PMC4690850 DOI: 10.3390/v7122921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer is an innovative therapeutic option where the ability of a virus to promote cell lysis is harnessed and reprogrammed to selectively destroy cancer cells. Such treatment modalities exhibited antitumor activity in preclinical and clinical settings and appear to be well tolerated when tested in clinical trials. However, the clinical success of oncolytic virotherapy has been significantly hampered due to the inability to target systematic metastasis. This is partly due to the inability of the therapeutic virus to survive in the patient circulation, in order to target tumors at distant sites. An early study from various laboratories demonstrated that cells infected with oncolytic virus can protect the therapeutic payload form the host immune system as well as function as factories for virus production and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic virus. While a variety of cell lineages possessed potential as cell carriers, copious investigation has established stem cells as a very attractive cell carrier system in oncolytic virotherapy. The ideal cell carrier desire to be susceptible to viral infection as well as support viral infection, maintain immunosuppressive properties to shield the loaded viruses from the host immune system, and most importantly possess an intrinsic tumor homing ability to deliver loaded viruses directly to the site of the metastasis—all qualities stem cells exhibit. In this review, we summarize the recent work in the development of stem cell-based carrier for oncolytic virotherapy, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of cell carriers, especially focusing on why stem cells have emerged as the leading candidate, and finally propose a future direction for stem cell-based targeted oncolytic virotherapy that involves its establishment as a viable treatment option for cancer patients in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Kim
- The Department of Surgery and the Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Robert R Hall
- The Department of Surgery and the Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Department of Surgery and the Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- The Department of Surgery and the Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kupfer ME, Ogle BM. Advanced imaging approaches for regenerative medicine: Emerging technologies for monitoring stem cell fate in vitro and in vivo. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1515-28. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|