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Gu L, Li M, Li CM, Haratipour P, Lingeman R, Jossart J, Gutova M, Flores L, Hyde C, Kenjić N, Li H, Chung V, Li H, Lomenick B, Von Hoff DD, Synold TW, Aboody KS, Liu Y, Horne D, Hickey RJ, Perry JJP, Malkas LH. Small molecule targeting of transcription-replication conflict for selective chemotherapy. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1235-1247.e6. [PMID: 37531956 PMCID: PMC10592352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting transcription replication conflicts, a major source of endogenous DNA double-stranded breaks and genomic instability could have important anticancer therapeutic implications. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is critical to DNA replication and repair processes. Through a rational drug design approach, we identified a small molecule PCNA inhibitor, AOH1996, which selectively kills cancer cells. AOH1996 enhances the interaction between PCNA and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, RPB1, and dissociates PCNA from actively transcribed chromatin regions, while inducing DNA double-stranded breaks in a transcription-dependent manner. Attenuation of RPB1 interaction with PCNA, by a point mutation in RPB1's PCNA-binding region, confers resistance to AOH1996. Orally administrable and metabolically stable, AOH1996 suppresses tumor growth as a monotherapy or as a combination treatment but causes no discernable side effects. Inhibitors of transcription replication conflict resolution may provide a new and unique therapeutic avenue for exploiting this cancer-selective vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Li
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Pouya Haratipour
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Robert Lingeman
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Jossart
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Caitlyn Hyde
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nikola Kenjić
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Genomics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brett Lomenick
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Hickey
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Jefferson P Perry
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda H Malkas
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Adamus T, Hung CY, Yu C, Kang E, Hammad M, Flores L, Nechaev S, Zhang Q, Gonzaga JM, Muthaiyah K, Swiderski P, Aboody KS, Kortylewski M. Glioma-targeted delivery of exosome-encapsulated antisense oligonucleotides using neural stem cells. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022; 27:611-620. [PMID: 35036069 PMCID: PMC8752899 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropism of neural stem cells (NSCs) to hypoxic tumor areas provides an opportunity for the drug delivery. Here, we demonstrate that NSCs effectively transport antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting oncogenic and tolerogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein into glioma microenvironment. To enable spontaneous, scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis by NSCs, we used previously described CpG-STAT3ASO conjugates. Following uptake and endosomal escape, CpG-STAT3ASO colocalized with CD63+ vesicles and later with CD63+CD81+ exosomes. Over 3 days, NSCs secreted exosomes loaded up to 80% with CpG-STAT3ASO. Compared to native NSC exosomes, the CpG-STAT3ASO-loaded exosomes potently stimulated immune activity of human dendritic cells or mouse macrophages, inducing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production. Using orthotopic GL261 tumors, we confirmed that NSC-mediated delivery improved oligonucleotide transfer from a distant injection site into the glioma microenvironment versus naked oligonucleotides. Correspondingly, the NSC-delivered CpG-STAT3ASO enhanced activation of glioma-associated microglia. Finally, we demonstrated that NSC-mediated CpG-STAT3ASO delivery resulted in enhanced antitumor effects against GL261 glioma in mice. Peritumoral injections of 5 × 105 NSCs loaded ex vivo with CpG-STAT3ASO inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth more effectively than the equivalent amount of oligonucleotide alone. Based on these results, we anticipate that NSCs and NSC-derived exosomes will provide a clinically relevant strategy to improve delivery and safety of oligonucleotide therapeutics for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Adamus
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Hung
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chunsong Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elaine Kang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sergey Nechaev
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qifang Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joanna Marie Gonzaga
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kokilah Muthaiyah
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Laboratory, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Piotr Swiderski
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Laboratory, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Batalla-Covello J, Ngai HW, Flores L, McDonald M, Hyde C, Gonzaga J, Hammad M, Gutova M, Portnow J, Synold T, Curiel DT, Lesniak MS, Aboody KS, Mooney R. Multiple Treatment Cycles of Neural Stem Cell Delivered Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6320. [PMID: 34944938 PMCID: PMC8699772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can improve the anti-tumor efficacy of oncovirotherapy agents by protecting them from rapid clearance by the immune system and delivering them to multiple distant tumor sites. We recently completed a first-in-human trial assessing the safety of a single intracerebral dose of NSC-delivered CRAd-Survivin-pk7 (NSC.CRAd-S-pk7) combined with radiation and chemotherapy in newly diagnosed high-grade glioma patients. The maximum feasible dose was determined to be 150 million NSC.CRAd-Sp-k7 (1.875 × 1011 viral particles). Higher doses were not assessed due to volume limitations for intracerebral administration and the inability to further concentrate the study agent. It is possible that therapeutic efficacy could be maximized by administering even higher doses. Here, we report IND-enabling studies in which an improvement in treatment efficacy is achieved in immunocompetent mice by administering multiple treatment cycles intracerebrally. The results imply that pre-existing immunity does not preclude therapeutic benefits attainable by administering multiple rounds of an oncolytic adenovirus directly into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Batalla-Covello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Hoi Wa Ngai
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Marisa McDonald
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Caitlyn Hyde
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Joanna Gonzaga
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Tim Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
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Bianchi L, Mooney R, Cornejo YR, Schena E, Berlin JM, Aboody KS, Saccomandi P. Thermal analysis of laser irradiation-gold nanorod combinations at 808 nm, 940 nm, 975 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths in breast cancer model. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1099-1110. [PMID: 34315306 PMCID: PMC8352379 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1956601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photothermal therapy is currently under the spotlight to improve the efficacy of minimally invasive thermal treatment of solid tumors. The interplay of several factors including the radiation wavelengths and the nanoparticle characteristics underlie the thermal outcome. However, a quantitative thermal analysis in in vivo models embedding nanoparticles and under different near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is missing. Purpose We evaluate the thermal effects induced by different combinations of NIR laser wavelengths and gold nanorods (GNRs) in breast cancer tumor models in mice. Materials and methods Four laser wavelengths within the therapeutic window, i.e., 808, 940, 975, and 1064 nm were employed, and corresponding GNRs were intratumorally injected. The tissue thermal response was evaluated in terms of temperature profile and time constants, considering the step response of a first-order system as a model. Results The 808 nm and 1064 nm lasers experienced the highest temperature enhancements (>24%) in presence of GNRs compared to controls; conversely, 975 nm and 940 nm lasers showed high temperatures in controls due to significant tissue absorption and the lowest temperature difference with and without GNRs (temperature enhancement <10%). The presence of GNRs resulted in small time constants, thus quicker laser-induced thermal response (from 67 s to 33 s at 808 nm). Conclusions The thermal responses of different GNR-laser wavelength combinations quantitatively validate the widespread usage of 808 nm laser for nanoparticle-assisted photothermal procedures. Moreover, our results provide insights on other usable wavelengths, toward the identification of an effective photothermal treatment strategy for the removal of focal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne R Cornejo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Emiliano Schena
- School of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Kang Y, Flores L, Ngai HW, Cornejo YR, Haber T, McDonald M, Moreira DF, Gonzaga JM, Abidi W, Zhang Y, Hammad M, Kortylewski M, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Large, Anionic Liposomes Enable Targeted Intraperitoneal Delivery of a TLR 7/8 Agonist To Repolarize Ovarian Tumors' Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1581-1592. [PMID: 34289694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States. Current standard of treatment includes surgical debulking and chemotherapy, such as cisplatin and paclitaxel. However, the patients' response rate for chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is not optimal, and they often develop chemoresistance and suffer from side effects. Current clinical trials make extensive use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) as a novel cancer immunotherapeutic strategy against ovarian tumors. However, the response rates for ICB antibodies remain limited to 10-20% of treated ovarian cancer patients despite the success of this approach in melanoma, renal, head and neck, and nonsmall cell lung cancers. This lack of efficacy is often attributed to the "cold" immune status of ovarian tumors, as these tumors often have a low number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) but a high number of suppressive immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Repolarizing TAMs could be a promising strategy to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment and promote antitumor activity when combined with ICBs. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonists, such as imiquimod and resiquimod, are potent immunostimulatory molecules with potential to repolarize macrophages. However, these small molecules have poor pharmacokinetic profiles and can induce severe side effects when administered systemically. Previously, our group demonstrated that various large, anionic nanomaterials (silica, PLGA, and polystyrene) specifically target TAMs when administered intraperitoneally (IP) to ovarian tumor-bearing mice. In the present study, we demonstrate that large, anionic liposomes administered IP also efficiently localize to TAMs and can be used to target the delivery of resiquimod. Resiquimod delivered in this targeted fashion promoted activation of M1 macrophages and T cell infiltration, while reducing the percentage of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, liposome-formulated resiquimod significantly enhanced the efficacy of PD1 blockade against syngeneic ovarian tumors. We anticipate that further optimization of our liposomal delivery strategy can generate a clinically relevant strategy for more effective and safer immunotherapy for ovarian cancer patients.
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Fares J, Ahmed AU, Ulasov IV, Sonabend AM, Miska J, Lee-Chang C, Balyasnikova IV, Chandler JP, Portnow J, Tate MC, Kumthekar P, Lukas RV, Grimm SA, Adams AK, Hébert CD, Strong TV, Amidei C, Arrieta VA, Zannikou M, Horbinski C, Zhang H, Burdett KB, Curiel DT, Sachdev S, Aboody KS, Stupp R, Lesniak MS. Neural stem cell delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus in newly diagnosed malignant glioma: a first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1103-1114. [PMID: 34214495 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glioma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumour, with dismal survival rates and no effective treatment. We examined the safety and activity of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7, an engineered oncolytic adenovirus delivered by neural stem cells (NSCs), in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma. METHODS This was a first-in-human, open-label, phase 1, dose-escalation trial done to determine the maximal tolerated dose of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7, following a 3 + 3 design. Patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed, high-grade gliomas (WHO grade III or IV) were recruited. After neurosurgical resection, NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 was injected into the walls of the resection cavity. The first patient cohort received a dose starting at 6·25 × 1010 viral particles administered by 5·00 × 107 NSCs, the second cohort a dose of 1·25 × 1011 viral particles administered by 1·00 × 108 NSCs, and the third cohort a dose of 1·875 × 1011 viral particles administered by 1·50 × 108 NSCs. No further dose escalation was planned. Within 10-14 days, treatment with temozolomide and radiotherapy was initiated. Primary endpoints were safety and toxicity profile and the maximum tolerated dose for a future phase 2 trial. All analyses were done in all patients who were included in the trial and received the study treatment and were not excluded from the study. Recruitment is complete and the trial is finished. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03072134. FINDINGS Between April 24, 2017, and Nov 13, 2019, 12 patients with newly diagnosed, malignant gliomas were recruited and included in the safety analysis. Histopathological evaluation identified 11 (92%) of 12 patients with glioblastoma and one (8%) of 12 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma. The median follow-up was 18 months (IQR 14-22). One patient receiving 1·50 × 108 NSCs loading 1·875 × 1011 viral particles developed viral meningitis (grade 3) due to the inadvertent injection of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 into the lateral ventricle. Otherwise, treatment was safe as no formal dose-limiting toxicity was reached, so 1·50 × 108 NSCs loading 1·875 × 1011 viral particles was recommended as a phase 2 trial dose. There were no treatment-related deaths. The median progression-free survival was 9·1 months (95% CI 8·5-not reached) and median overall survival was 18·4 months (15·7-not reached). INTERPRETATION NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 treatment was feasible and safe. Our immunological and histopathological findings support continued investigation of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 in a phase 2/3 clinical trial. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ilya V Ulasov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James P Chandler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Matthew C Tate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean A Grimm
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann K Adams
- Office of the Vice-President for Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Christina Amidei
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten Bell Burdett
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Mooney R, Abidi W, Batalla-Covello J, Ngai HW, Hyde C, Machado D, Abdul-Majid A, Kang Y, Hammad M, Flores L, Copeland G, Dellinger T, Han E, Berlin J, Aboody KS. Allogeneic human neural stem cells for improved therapeutic delivery to peritoneal ovarian cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:205. [PMID: 33761999 PMCID: PMC7992793 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immortalized, clonal HB1.F3.CD 21 human neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), loaded with therapeutic cargo prior to intraperitoneal (IP) injection, have been shown to improve the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents in pre-clinical models of stage III ovarian cancer. In previous studies, the distribution and efficacy of the NSC-delivered cargo has been examined; however, the fate of the NSCs has not yet been explored. METHODS To monitor NSC tropism, we used an unconventional method of quantifying endocytosed gold nanorods to overcome the weaknesses of existing cell-tracking technologies. RESULTS Here, we report efficient tumor tropism of HB1.F3.CD 21 NSCs, showing that they primarily distribute to the tumor stroma surrounding individual tumor foci within 3 h after injection, reaching up to 95% of IP metastases without localizing to healthy tissue. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these NSCs are non-tumorigenic and non-immunogenic within the peritoneal setting. CONCLUSIONS Their efficient tropism, combined with their promising clinical safety features and potential for cost-effective scale-up, positions this NSC line as a practical, off-the-shelf platform to improve the delivery of a myriad of peritoneal cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Wafa Abidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Batalla-Covello
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hoi Wa Ngai
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Caitlyn Hyde
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Diana Machado
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Asma Abdul-Majid
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanan Kang
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Linda Flores
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Greg Copeland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Thanh Dellinger
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ernest Han
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jacob Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- City of Hope Familian Sciences 1014A, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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8
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Hammad M, Cornejo YR, Batalla-Covello J, Majid AA, Burke C, Liu Z, Yuan YC, Li M, Dellinger TH, Lu J, Chen NG, Fong Y, Aboody KS, Mooney R. Neural Stem Cells Improve the Delivery of Oncolytic Chimeric Orthopoxvirus in a Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Model. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:326-334. [PMID: 32775617 PMCID: PMC7394740 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising approach for treating recurrent and/or drug-resistant ovarian cancer. However, its successful application in the clinic has been hampered by rapid immune-mediated clearance, which reduces viral delivery to the tumor. Patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells that home to tumors have been used as viral delivery tools, but variability associated with autologous cell isolations limits the clinical applicability of this approach. We previously developed an allogeneic, clonal neural stem cell (NSC) line (HB1.F3.CD21) that can be used to deliver viral cargo. Here, we demonstrate that this NSC line can improve the delivery of a thymidine kinase gene-deficient conditionally replication-competent orthopoxvirus, CF33, in a preclinical cisplatin-resistant peritoneal ovarian metastases model. Overall, our findings provide the basis for using off-the-shelf allogeneic cell-based delivery platforms for oncolytic viruses, thus providing a more efficient delivery alternative compared with the free virus administration approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yvonne R. Cornejo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School for Biological Sciences at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Batalla-Covello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School for Biological Sciences at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Asma Abdul Majid
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Connor Burke
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Translational Bioinformatics Division, Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Translational Bioinformatics Division, Center for Informatics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Biostatistics at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Thanh H. Dellinger
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nanhai G. Chen
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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9
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Portnow J, Badie B, Suzette Blanchard M, Kilpatrick J, Tirughana R, Metz M, Mi S, Tran V, Ressler J, D'Apuzzo M, Aboody KS, Synold TW. Feasibility of intracerebrally administering multiple doses of genetically modified neural stem cells to locally produce chemotherapy in glioma patients. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:294-306. [PMID: 32895489 PMCID: PMC8843788 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are tumor tropic and can be genetically modified to produce anti-cancer therapies locally in the brain. In a prior first-in-human study we demonstrated that a single dose of intracerebrally administered allogeneic NSCs, which were retrovirally transduced to express cytosine deaminase (CD), tracked to glioma sites and converted oral 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The next step in the clinical development of this NSC-based anti-cancer strategy was to assess the feasibility of administering multiple intracerebral doses of CD-expressing NSCs (CD-NSCs) in patients with recurrent high grade gliomas. CD-NSCs were given every 2 weeks using an indwelling brain catheter, followed each time by a 7-day course of oral 5-FC (and leucovorin in the final patient cohort). Fifteen evaluable patients received a median of 4 (range 2–10) intracerebral CD-NSC doses; doses were escalated from 50 x 106 to 150 x 106 CD-NSCs. Neuropharmacokinetic data confirmed that CD-NSCs continuously produced 5-FU in the brain during the course of 5-FC. There were no clinical signs of immunogenicity, and only three patients developed anti-NSC antibodies. Our results suggest intracerebral administration of serial doses of CD-NSCs is safe and feasible and identified a recommended dose for phase II testing of 150 x 106 CD-NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Behnam Badie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - M Suzette Blanchard
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Julie Kilpatrick
- Department of Clinical Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Office of IND Development and Regulatory Affairs, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marianne Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Shu Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vivi Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Julie Ressler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Massimo D'Apuzzo
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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10
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Tiet P, Li J, Abidi W, Mooney R, Flores L, Aramburo S, Batalla-Covello J, Gonzaga J, Tsaturyan L, Kang Y, Cornejo YR, Dellinger T, Han E, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Silica Coated Paclitaxel Nanocrystals Enable Neural Stem Cell Loading For Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1415-1424. [PMID: 30835443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed only after it has metastasized to the abdominal cavity (stage III). While the current standard of care of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of cisplatin and paclitaxel (PTX) combination chemotherapy has benefit, patient 5-year survival rates are low and have not significantly improved in the past decade. The ability to target chemotherapy selectively to ovarian tumors while sparing normal tissue would improve efficacy and decrease toxicities. We have previously shown that cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) loaded within neural stem cells (NSCs) are selectively delivered to ovarian tumors in the abdominal cavity following IP injection, with no evidence of localization to normal tissue. Here we extended the capabilities of this system to also include PTX delivery. NPs that will be loaded into NSCs must contain a high amount of drug by weight but constrain the release of the drug such that the NSCs are viable after loading and can successfully migrate to tumors. We developed silica coated PTX nanocrystals (Si[PTX-NC]) meeting these requirements. Si[PTX-NC] were more effective than uncoated PTX-NC or Abraxane for loading NSCs with PTX. NSCs loaded with Si[PTX-NC] maintained their migratory ability and, for low dose PTX, were more effective than free PTX-NC or Si[PTX-NC] at killing ovarian tumors in vivo. This work demonstrates that NSC/NP delivery is a platform technology amenable to delivering different therapeutics and enables the pursuit of NSC/NP targeted delivery of the entire preferred chemotherapy regimen for ovarian cancer. It also describes efficient silica coating chemistry for PTX nanocrystals that may have applications beyond our focus on NSC transport.
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Gutova M, Flores L, Adhikarla V, Tsaturyan L, Tirughana R, Aramburo S, Metz M, Gonzaga J, Annala A, Synold TW, Portnow J, Rockne RC, Aboody KS. Quantitative Evaluation of Intraventricular Delivery of Therapeutic Neural Stem Cells to Orthotopic Glioma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:68. [PMID: 30838174 PMCID: PMC6389659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are inherently tumor-tropic, which allows them to migrate through normal tissue and selectively localize to invasive tumor sites in the brain. We have engineered a clonal, immortalized allogeneic NSC line (HB1.F3.CD21; CD-NSCs) that maintains its stem-like properties, a normal karyotype and is HLA Class II negative. It is genetically and functionally stable over time and multiple passages, and has demonstrated safety in phase I glioma trials. These properties enable the production of an "off-the-shelf" therapy that can be readily available for patient treatment. There are multiple factors contributing to stem cell tumor-tropism, and much remains to be elucidated. The route of NSC delivery and the distribution of NSCs at tumor sites are key factors in the development of effective cell-based therapies. Stem cells can be engineered to deliver and/or produce many different therapeutic agents, including prodrug activating enzymes (which locally convert systemically administered prodrugs to active chemotherapeutic agents); oncolytic viruses; tumor-targeted antibodies; therapeutic nanoparticles; and extracellular vesicles that contain therapeutic oligonucleotides. By targeting these therapeutics selectively to tumor foci, we aim to minimize toxicity to normal tissues and maximize therapeutic benefits. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that NSCs administered via intracerebral/ventricular (IVEN) routes can migrate efficiently toward single or multiple tumor foci. IVEN delivery will enable repeat administrations for patients through an Ommaya reservoir, potentially resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes. In our preclinical studies using various glioma lines, we have quantified NSC migration and distribution in mouse brains and have found robust migration of our clinically relevant HB1.F3.CD21 NSC line toward invasive tumor foci, irrespective of their origin. These results establish proof-of-concept and demonstrate the potential of developing a multitude of therapeutic options using modified NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Soraya Aramburo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marianne Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Gonzaga
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Annala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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12
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Mooney R, Majid AA, Batalla-Covello J, Machado D, Liu X, Gonzaga J, Tirughana R, Hammad M, Lesniak MS, Curiel DT, Aboody KS. Enhanced Delivery of Oncolytic Adenovirus by Neural Stem Cells for Treatment of Metastatic Ovarian Cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 12:79-92. [PMID: 30719498 PMCID: PMC6350263 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising approach for treating recurrent and/or drug-resistant ovarian cancer. However, its successful application in the clinic has been hampered by rapid immune-mediated clearance or neutralization of the virus, which reduces viral access to tumor foci. To overcome this barrier, patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been used to deliver virus to tumors, but variability associated with autologous cell isolations prevents this approach from being broadly clinically applicable. Here, we demonstrate the ability of an allogeneic, clonal neural stem cell (NSC) line (HB1.F3.CD21) to protect oncolytic viral cargo from neutralizing antibodies within patient ascites fluid and to deliver it to tumors within preclinical peritoneal ovarian metastases models. The viral payload used is a conditionally replication-competent adenovirus driven by the survivin promoter (CRAd-S-pk7). Because the protein survivin is highly expressed in ovarian cancer, but not in normal differentiated cells, viral replication should occur selectively in ovarian tumor cells. We found this viral agent was effective against cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumors and could be used as an adjunct treatment with cisplatin to decrease tumor burden without increasing toxicity. Collectively, our data suggest NSC-delivered CRAd-S-pk7 virotherapy holds promise for improving clinical outcome, reducing toxicities, and improving quality of life for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Asma Abdul Majid
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Batalla-Covello
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Diana Machado
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xueli Liu
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Biostatistics at the Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joanna Gonzaga
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Division of Cancer Biology and Biologic Therapeutic Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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13
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Mooney R, Hammad M, Batalla‐Covello J, Abdul Majid A, Aboody KS. Concise Review: Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Targeted Cancer Therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:740-747. [PMID: 30133188 PMCID: PMC6186269 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 1,688,780 new cancer cases and 600,920 cancer deaths projected to occur in 2017 in the U.S. alone. Conventional cancer treatments including surgical, chemo-, and radiation therapies can be effective, but are often limited by tumor invasion, off-target toxicities, and acquired resistance. To improve clinical outcomes and decrease toxic side effects, more targeted, tumor-specific therapies are being developed. Delivering anticancer payloads using tumor-tropic cells can greatly increase therapeutic distribution to tumor sites, while sparing non-tumor tissues therefore minimizing toxic side effects. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are tumor-tropic cells that can pass through normal organs quickly, localize to invasive and metastatic tumor foci throughout the body, and cross the blood-brain barrier to reach tumors in the brain. This review focuses on the potential use of NSCs as vehicles to deliver various anticancer payloads selectively to tumor sites. The use of NSCs in cancer treatment has been studied most extensively in the brain, but the findings are applicable to other metastatic solid tumors, which will be described in this review. Strategies include NSC-mediated enzyme/prodrug gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and delivery of antibodies, nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles containing oligonucleotides. Preclinical discovery and translational studies, as well as early clinical trials, will be discussed. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:740-747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute City of Hope DuarteCaliforniaUSA
- Irell and Manella Graduate, School of Biological SciencesBeckman Research InstituteCity of Hope DuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute City of Hope DuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Batalla‐Covello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute City of Hope DuarteCaliforniaUSA
- Irell and Manella Graduate, School of Biological SciencesBeckman Research InstituteCity of Hope DuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Asma Abdul Majid
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute City of Hope DuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyBeckman Research Institute City of Hope DuarteCaliforniaUSA
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14
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Rockne RC, Adhikarla V, Tsaturyan L, Li Z, Masihi MB, Aboody KS, Barish ME, Gutova M. Long-term stability and computational analysis of migration patterns of L-MYC immortalized neural stem cells in the brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199967. [PMID: 30071048 PMCID: PMC6071994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) can limit or reverse central nervous system (CNS) damage through delivery of therapeutic agents for cell regeneration. Clinical translation of cell-based therapies raises concerns about long-term stability, differentiation and fate, and absence of tumorigenicity of these cells, as well as manufacturing time required to produce therapeutic cells in quantities sufficient for clinical use. Allogeneic NSC lines are in growing demand due to challenges inherent in using autologous stem cells, including production costs that limit availability to patients. Methods/Principal findings We demonstrate the long-term stability of L-MYC immortalized human NSCs (LM-NSC008) cells in vivo, including engraftment, migration, and absence of tumorigenicity in mouse brains for up to nine months. We also examined the distributions of engrafted LM-NSC008 cells within brain, and present computational techniques to analyze NSC migration characteristics in relation to intrinsic brain structures. Conclusions/Significance This computational analysis of NSC distributions following implantation provides proof-of-concept for the development of computational models that can be used clinically to predict NSC migration paths in patients. Previously, models of preferential migration of malignant tumor cells along white matter tracts have been used to predict their final distributions. We suggest that quantitative measures of tissue orientation and white matter tracts determined from MR images can be used in a diffusion tensor imaging tractography-like approach to describe the most likely migration routes and final distributions of NSCs administered in a clinical setting. Such a model could be very useful in choosing the optimal anatomical locations for NSC administration to patients to achieve maximum therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell C. Rockne
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Meher B. Masihi
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Barish
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Tirughana R, Metz MZ, Li Z, Hall C, Hsu D, Beltzer J, Annala AJ, Oganesyan D, Gutova M, Aboody KS. GMP Production and Scale-Up of Adherent Neural Stem Cells with a Quantum Cell Expansion System. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 10:48-56. [PMID: 29992178 PMCID: PMC6037686 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold great promise for a myriad of clinical applications. However, as these therapies move from phase I to phase II and III trials, there is a need to improve scale-up of adherent cells for the production of larger good manufacturing practice (GMP) cell banks. As we advanced our neural stem cell (NSC)-mediated gene therapy trials for glioma to include dose escalation and multiple treatment cycles, GMP production using cell factories (CellStacks) generated insufficient neural stem cell (NSC) yields. To increase yield, we developed an expansion method using the hollow fiber quantum cell expansion (QCE) system. Seeding of 5.2 × 107 NSCs in a single unit yielded up to 3 × 109 cells within 10 days. These QCE NSCs showed genetic and functional stability equivalent to those expanded by conventional flask-based methods. We then expanded the NSCs in 7 units simultaneously to generate a pooled GMP-grade NSC clinical lot of more than 1.5 × 1010 cells in only 9 days versus 8 × 109 over 6 weeks in CellStacks. We also adenovirally transduced our NSCs within the QCE. We found the QCE system enabled rapid cell expansion and increased yield while maintaining cell properties and reducing process time, labor, and costs with improved efficiency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Z Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christine Hall
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Annala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Oganesyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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16
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Mooney R, Majid AA, Mota D, He A, Aramburo S, Flores L, Covello-Batalla J, Machado D, Gonzaga J, Aboody KS. Bcl-2 Overexpression Improves Survival and Efficacy of Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Enzyme Prodrug Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7047496. [PMID: 30026762 PMCID: PMC6031202 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7047496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can be engineered to localize gene therapies to invasive brain tumors. However, like other stem cell-based therapies, survival of therapeutic NSCs after transplantation is currently suboptimal. One approach to prolonging cell survival is to transiently overexpress an antiapoptotic protein within the cells prior to transplantation. Here, we investigate the utility and safety of this approach using a clinically tested, v-myc immortalized, human NSC line engineered to contain the suicide gene, cytosine deaminase (CD-NSCs). We demonstrate that both adenoviral- and minicircle-driven expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 can partially rescue CD-NSCs from transplant-associated insults. We further demonstrate that the improved CD-NSC survival afforded by transient Bcl-2 overexpression results in decreased tumor burden in an orthotopic xenograft glioma mouse model following administrations of intracerebral CD-NSCs and systemic prodrug. Importantly, no evidence of CD-NSC transformation was observed upon transient overexpression of Bcl-2. This research highlights a critical need to develop clinically relevant strategies to improve survival of therapeutic stem cell posttransplantation. We demonstrate for the first time in this disease setting that improving CD-NSC survival using Bcl-2 overexpression can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Asma Abdul Majid
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daniel Mota
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Adam He
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Soraya Aramburo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Covello-Batalla
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Diana Machado
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joanna Gonzaga
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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17
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Mooney R, Abdul Majid A, Batalla J, Annala AJ, Aboody KS. Cell-mediated enzyme prodrug cancer therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:35-51. [PMID: 28916493 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-directed gene therapy is a promising new frontier for the field of targeted cancer therapies. Here we discuss the current pre-clinical and clinical use of cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT) directed against solid tumors and avenues for further development. We also discuss some of the challenges encountered upon translating these therapies to clinical trials. Upon sufficient development, cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy has the potential to maximize the distribution of therapeutic enzymes within the tumor environment, localizing conversion of prodrug to active drug at the tumor sites thereby decreasing off-target toxicities. New combinatorial possibilities are also promising. For example, when combined with viral gene-delivery vehicles, this may result in new hybrid vehicles that attain heretofore unmatched levels of therapeutic gene expression within the tumor.
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18
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Polewski MD, Reveron-Thornton RF, Cherryholmes GA, Marinov GK, Aboody KS. SLC7A11 Overexpression in Glioblastoma Is Associated with Increased Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1236-1246. [PMID: 28610554 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
System xc- is a sodium-independent electroneutral transporter, comprising a catalytic subunit xCT (SLC7A11), which is involved in importing cystine. Certain cancers such as gliomas upregulate the expression of system xc-, which confers a survival advantage against the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing generation of the antioxidant glutathione. However, ROS have also been shown to function as targeted, intracellular second messengers in an array of physiological processes such as proliferation. Several studies have implicated ROS in important cancer features such as migration, invasion, and contribution to a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype. The role of system xc- in regulating these ROS-sensitive processes in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults, remains unknown. Stable SLC7A11 knockdown and overexpressing U251 glioma cells were generated and characterized to understand the role of redox and system xc- in glioma progression. SLC7A11 knockdown resulted in higher endogenous ROS levels and enhanced invasive properties. On the contrary, overexpression of SLC7A11 resulted in decreased endogenous ROS levels as well as decreased migration and invasion. However, SLC7A11-overexpressing cells displayed actin cytoskeleton changes reminiscent of epithelial-like cells and exhibited an increased CSC-like phenotype. The enhanced CSC-like phenotype may contribute to increased chemoresistance and suggests that overexpression of SLC7A11 in the context of GBM may contribute to tumor progression. These findings have important implications for cancer management where targeting system xC- in combination with other chemotherapeutics can reduce cancer resistance and recurrence and improve GBM patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika D Polewski
- 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, California.,2 Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, California
| | - Rosyli F Reveron-Thornton
- 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, California.,3 Department of Biological Sciences, California State University , San Bernardino, California
| | - Gregory A Cherryholmes
- 2 Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, California.,4 Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, California
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- 5 Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California
| | - Karen S Aboody
- 1 Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, California.,6 Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, California
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19
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Cao P, Mooney R, Tirughana R, Abidi W, Aramburo S, Flores L, Gilchrist M, Nwokafor U, Haber T, Tiet P, Annala AJ, Han E, Dellinger T, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Intraperitoneal Administration of Neural Stem Cell-Nanoparticle Conjugates Targets Chemotherapy to Ovarian Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1767-1776. [PMID: 28453256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is particularly aggressive once it has metastasized to the abdominal cavity (stage III). Intraperitoneal (IP) as compared to intravenous (IV) administration of chemotherapy improves survival for stage III ovarian cancer, demonstrating that concentrating chemotherapy at tumor sites has therapeutic benefit; unfortunately, IP therapy also increases toxic side effects, thus preventing its completion in many patients. The ability to target chemotherapy selectively to ovarian tumors while sparing normal tissue would improve efficacy and decrease toxicities. We have previously shown that tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) dramatically improve the intratumoral distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) when given intracerebrally near an orthotopic brain tumor or into a flank xenograft tumor. Here, we show that NPs either conjugated to the surface of NSCs or loaded within the cells are selectively delivered to and distributed within ovarian tumors in the abdominal cavity following IP injection, with no evidence of localization to normal tissue. IP administration is significantly more effective than IV administration, and NPs carried by NSCs show substantially deeper penetration into tumors than free NPs. The NSCs and NPs target and localize to ovarian tumors within 1 h of administration. Pt-loaded silica NPs (SiNP[Pt]) were developed that can be transported in NSCs, and it was found that the NSC delivery of SiNP[Pt] (NSC-SiNP[Pt]) results in higher levels of Pt in tumors as compared to free drug or SiNP[Pt]. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first demonstration that cells given IP can target the delivery of drug-loaded NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernest Han
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Thanh Dellinger
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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20
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Barish ME, Herrmann K, Tang Y, Argalian Herculian S, Metz M, Aramburo S, Tirughana R, Gutova M, Annala A, Moats RA, Goldstein L, Rockne RC, Gutierrez J, Brown CE, Ghoda L, Aboody KS. Human Neural Stem Cell Biodistribution and Predicted Tumor Coverage by a Diffusible Therapeutic in a Mouse Glioma Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1522-1532. [PMID: 28481046 PMCID: PMC5689763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) intrinsically migrating to brain tumors offer a promising mechanism for local therapeutic delivery. However, difficulties in quantitative assessments of NSC migration and in estimates of tumor coverage by diffusible therapeutics have impeded development and refinement of NSC-based therapies. To address this need, we developed techniques by which conventional serial-sectioned formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) brains can be analyzed in their entirety across multiple test animals. We considered a conventional human glioblastoma model: U251 glioma cells orthotopically engrafted in immunodeficient mice receiving intracerebral (i.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) administrations of NSCs expressing a diffusible enzyme to locally catalyze chemotherapeutic formation. NSC migration to tumor sites was dose-dependent, reaching 50%-60% of total administered NSCs for the i.c route and 1.5% for the i.v. route. Curiously, the most efficient NSC homing was seen with smaller NSC doses, implying existence of rate-limiting process active during administration and/or migration. Predicted tumor exposure to a diffusing therapeutic (assuming a 50 µm radius of action) could reach greater than 50% of the entire tumor volume for i.c. and 25% for i.v. administration. Within individual sections, coverage of tumor area could be as high as 100% for i.c. and 70% for i.v. routes. Greater estimated therapeutic coverage was observed for larger tumors and for larger tumor regions in individual sections. Overall, we have demonstrated a framework within which investigators may rationally evaluate NSC migration to, and integration into, brain tumors, and therefore enhance understanding of mechanisms that both promote and limit this therapeutic modality. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1522-1532.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Barish
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Herrmann
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Siranush Argalian Herculian
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marianne Metz
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Soraya Aramburo
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alexander Annala
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Rex A Moats
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leanne Goldstein
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Gutierrez
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology/HCT, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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21
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Portnow J, Synold TW, Badie B, Tirughana R, Lacey SF, D'Apuzzo M, Metz MZ, Najbauer J, Bedell V, Vo T, Gutova M, Frankel P, Chen M, Aboody KS. Neural Stem Cell-Based Anticancer Gene Therapy: A First-in-Human Study in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2951-2960. [PMID: 27979915 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Human neural stem cells (NSC) are inherently tumor tropic, making them attractive drug delivery vehicles. Toward this goal, we retrovirally transduced an immortalized, clonal NSC line to stably express cytosine deaminase (HB1.F3.CD.C21; CD-NSCs), which converts the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).Experimental Design: Recurrent high-grade glioma patients underwent intracranial administration of CD-NSCs during tumor resection or biopsy. Four days later, patients began taking oral 5-FC every 6 hours for 7 days. Study treatment was given only once. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation schema was used to increase doses of CD-NSCs from 1 × 107 to 5 × 107 and 5-FC from 75 to 150 mg/kg/day. Intracerebral microdialysis was performed to measure brain levels of 5-FC and 5-FU. Serial blood samples were obtained to assess systemic drug concentrations as well as to perform immunologic correlative studies.Results: Fifteen patients underwent study treatment. We saw no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) due to the CD-NSCs. There was 1 DLT (grade 3 transaminitis) possibly related to 5-FC. We did not see development of anti-CD-NSC antibodies and did not detect CD-NSCs or replication-competent retrovirus in the systemic circulation. Intracerebral microdialysis revealed that CD-NSCs produced 5-FU locally in the brain in a 5-FC dose-dependent manner. Autopsy data indicate that CD-NSCs migrated to distant tumor sites and were nontumorigenic.Conclusions: Collectively, our results from this first-in-human study demonstrate initial safety and proof of concept regarding the ability of NSCs to target brain tumors and locally produce chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 2951-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | | | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Simon F Lacey
- Clinical Immunobiology Correlative Studies Laboratory, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Marianne Z Metz
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph Najbauer
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | | | - Tien Vo
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Paul Frankel
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mike Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, California
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22
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Gutova M, Goldstein L, Metz M, Hovsepyan A, Tsurkan LG, Tirughana R, Tsaturyan L, Annala AJ, Synold TW, Wan Z, Seeger R, Anderson C, Moats RA, Potter PM, Aboody KS. Optimization of a Neural Stem-Cell-Mediated Carboxylesterase/Irinotecan Gene Therapy for Metastatic Neuroblastoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2016; 4:67-76. [PMID: 28345025 PMCID: PMC5363723 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved survival for children with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma (NB), recurrent disease is a significant problem, with treatment options limited by anti-tumor efficacy, patient drug tolerance, and cumulative toxicity. We previously demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) expressing a modified rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) can distribute to metastatic NB tumor foci in multiple organs in mice and convert the prodrug irinotecan (CPT-11) to the 1,000-fold more toxic topoisomerase-1 inhibitor SN-38, resulting in significant therapeutic efficacy. We sought to extend these studies by using a clinically relevant NSC line expressing a modified human CE (hCE1m6-NSCs) to establish proof of concept and identify an intravenous dose and treatment schedule that gave maximal efficacy. Human-derived NB cell lines were significantly more sensitive to treatment with hCE1m6-NSCs and irinotecan as compared with drug alone. This was supported by pharmacokinetic studies in subcutaneous NB mouse models demonstrating tumor-specific conversion of irinotecan to SN-38. Furthermore, NB-bearing mice that received repeat treatment with intravenous hCE1m6-NSCs and irinotecan showed significantly lower tumor burden (1.4-fold, p = 0.0093) and increased long-term survival compared with mice treated with drug alone. These studies support the continued development of NSC-mediated gene therapy for improved clinical outcome in NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gutova
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leanne Goldstein
- Information Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Marianne Metz
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anahit Hovsepyan
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lyudmila G Tsurkan
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101, USA
| | - Revathiswari Tirughana
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alexander J Annala
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zesheng Wan
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, CHLA/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert Seeger
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, CHLA/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Clarke Anderson
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rex A Moats
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Departments of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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23
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Polewski MD, Reveron-Thornton RF, Cherryholmes GA, Marinov GK, Cassady K, Aboody KS. Increased Expression of System xc- in Glioblastoma Confers an Altered Metabolic State and Temozolomide Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1229-1242. [PMID: 27658422 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Several studies have shown that glioma cells upregulate the expression of xCT (SLC7A11), the catalytic subunit of system xc-, a transporter involved in cystine import, that modulates glutathione production and glioma growth. However, the role of system xc- in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to chemotherapy is currently debated. Inhibiting system xc- with sulfasalazine decreased glioma growth and survival via redox modulation, and use of the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide together with sulfasalazine had a synergistic effect on cell killing. To better understand the functional consequences of system xc- in glioma, stable SLC7A11-knockdown and -overexpressing U251 glioma cells were generated. Modulation of SLC7A11 did not alter cellar proliferation but overexpression did increase anchorage-independent cell growth. Knockdown of SLC7A11 increased basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased glutathione generation resulting in increased cell death under oxidative and genotoxic stress. Overexpression of SLC7A11 resulted in increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased chemosensitivity to temozolomide. In addition, SLC7A11 overexpression was associated with altered cellular metabolism including increased mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP generation. These results suggest that expression of SLC7A11 in the context of glioma contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to standard chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS SLC7A11, in addition to redox modulation, appears to be associated with increased cellular metabolism and is a mediator of temozolomide resistance in human glioma, thus making system xC- a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1229-42. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika D Polewski
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California. .,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Rosyli F Reveron-Thornton
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, California
| | - Gregory A Cherryholmes
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.,Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Kaniel Cassady
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California.,Departments of Diabetes Research and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California. .,Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
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24
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Dey M, Yu D, Kanojia D, Li G, Sukhanova M, Spencer DA, Pituch KC, Zhang L, Han Y, Ahmed AU, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. Intranasal Oncolytic Virotherapy with CXCR4-Enhanced Stem Cells Extends Survival in Mouse Model of Glioma. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:471-482. [PMID: 27594591 PMCID: PMC5032402 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges to effective drug delivery to brain tumors are twofold: (1) there is a lack of non-invasive methods of local delivery and (2) the blood-brain barrier limits systemic delivery. Intranasal delivery of therapeutics to the brain overcomes both challenges. In mouse model of malignant glioma, we observed that a small fraction of intranasally delivered neural stem cells (NSCs) can migrate to the brain tumor site. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxic preconditioning or overexpression of CXCR4 significantly enhances the tumor-targeting ability of NSCs, but without altering their phenotype only in genetically modified NSCs. Modified NSCs deliver oncolytic virus to glioma more efficiently and extend survival of experimental animals in the context of radiotherapy. Our findings indicate that intranasal delivery of stem cell-based therapeutics could be optimized for future clinical applications, and allow for safe and repeated administration of biological therapies to brain tumors and other CNS disorders. Intranasal delivery of NSCs is a promising platform for glioma therapy Hypoxia or CXCR4 overexpression enhances NSC migration to glioma Oncolytic viruses loaded in CXCR4-enhanced NSCs improve animal survival Non-invasive intranasal NSC-based therapies warrant clinical translation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Dey
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dou Yu
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gina Li
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Drew A Spencer
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Katatzyna C Pituch
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yu Han
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Li Z, Oganesyan D, Mooney R, Rong X, Christensen MJ, Shahmanyan D, Perrigue PM, Benetatos J, Tsaturyan L, Aramburo S, Annala AJ, Lu Y, Najbauer J, Wu X, Barish ME, Brody DL, Aboody KS, Gutova M. L-MYC Expression Maintains Self-Renewal and Prolongs Multipotency of Primary Human Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:483-495. [PMID: 27546534 PMCID: PMC5031988 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) can limit or reverse CNS damage through direct cell replacement, promotion of regeneration, or delivery of therapeutic agents. Immortalized NSC lines are in growing demand due to the inherent limitations of adult patient-derived NSCs, including availability, expandability, potential for genetic modifications, and costs. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a new human fetal NSC line, immortalized by transduction with L-MYC (LM-NSC008) that in vitro displays both self-renewal and multipotent differentiation into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. These LM-NSC008 cells were non-tumorigenic in vivo, and migrated to orthotopic glioma xenografts in immunodeficient mice. When administered intranasally, LM-NSC008 distributed specifically to sites of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These data support the therapeutic development of immortalized LM-NSC008 cells for allogeneic use in TBI and other CNS diseases. The generation of a new human fetal L-MYC-immortalized NSC line is described These NSCs display self-renewal and can differentiate into neurons and glia The NSCs can target glioma xenografts and sites of traumatic brain injury in mice This NSC line may become applicable in therapy of various CNS diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Li
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Diana Oganesyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xianfang Rong
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Christensen
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Shahmanyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Patrick M Perrigue
- Department of Epigenetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joseph Benetatos
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Soraya Aramburo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alexander J Annala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joseph Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Michael E Barish
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David L Brody
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Kim JW, Auffinger B, Spencer DA, Miska J, Chang AL, Kane JR, Young JS, Kanojia D, Qiao J, Mann JF, Zhang L, Wu M, Ahmed AU, Aboody KS, Strong TV, Hébert CD, Lesniak MS. Single dose GLP toxicity and biodistribution study of a conditionally replicative adenovirus vector, CRAd-S-pk7, administered by intracerebral injection to Syrian hamsters. J Transl Med 2016; 14:134. [PMID: 27184224 PMCID: PMC4868110 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CRAd-S-pk7 is a conditionally replicative oncolytic adenoviral vector that contains a survivin promoter and a pk7 fiber modification that confer tumor-specific transcriptional targeting and preferential replication in glioma while sparing the surrounding normal brain parenchyma. Methods This IND-enabling study performed under GLP conditions evaluated the toxicity and biodistribution of CRAd-S-pk7 administered as a single intracerebral dose to Syrian hamsters, a permissive model of adenoviral replication. Two hundred and forty animals were stereotactically administered either vehicle (n = 60) or CRAd-S-pk7 at 2.5 × 107, 2.5 × 108, or 2.5 × 109 viral particles (vp)/animal (each n = 60) on day 1. The animals were closely monitored for toxicology evaluation, assessment of viral distribution, and immunogenicity of CRAd-S-pk7. Results Changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, and coagulation parameters were minor and transient, and consistent with the inflammatory changes observed microscopically. These changes were considered to be of little toxicological significance. The vector remained localized primarily in the brain and to some degree in the tissues at the incision site. Low levels of vector DNA were detected in other tissues in a few animals suggesting systemic circulation of the virus. Viral DNA was detected in brains of hamsters for up to 62 days. However, microscopic changes and virus-related toxicity to the central nervous system were considered minor and decreased in incidence and severity over time. Such changes are not uncommon in studies using adenoviral vectors. Conclusion This study provides safety and toxicology data justifying a clinical trial of CRAd-S-pk7 loaded in FDA-approved HB1.F3.CD neural stem cell carriers administered at the tumor resection bed in humans with recurrent malignant glioma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0895-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Woongki Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brenda Auffinger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Drew A Spencer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alan L Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jill F Mann
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Meijing Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Gutova M, Tsaturyan L, Barish ME, Aboody KS, Wechsler-Reya R. 443. Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Enzyme/Prodrug Therapy for Medulloblastoma. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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28
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Perrigue PM, Najbauer J, Jozwiak AA, Barciszewski J, Aboody KS, Barish ME. Planarians as a model of aging to study the interaction between stem cells and senescent cells in vivo. Pathobiol Aging Age Relat Dis 2015; 5:30052. [PMID: 26654402 PMCID: PMC4696462 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v5.30052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of stem cell pools and the accumulation of senescent cells in animal tissues are linked to aging. Planarians are invertebrate flatworms and are unusual in that their stem cells, called neoblasts, are constantly replacing old and dying cells. By eliminating neoblasts in worms via irradiation, the biological principles of aging are exposed in the absence of wound healing and regeneration, making planaria a powerful tool for aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Perrigue
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joseph Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Agnieszka A Jozwiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.,Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Barish
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
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Cheng SH, Yu D, Tsai HM, Morshed RA, Kanojia D, Lo LW, Leoni L, Govind Y, Zhang L, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS, Chen CT, Balyasnikova IV. Dynamic In Vivo SPECT Imaging of Neural Stem Cells Functionalized with Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Tracking of Glioblastoma. J Nucl Med 2015; 57:279-84. [PMID: 26564318 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.163006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is strong clinical interest in using neural stem cells (NSCs) as carriers for targeted delivery of therapeutics to glioblastoma. Multimodal dynamic in vivo imaging of NSC behaviors in the brain is necessary for developing such tailored therapies; however, such technology is lacking. Here we report a novel strategy for mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-facilitated NSC tracking in the brain via SPECT. METHODS (111)In was conjugated to MSNs, taking advantage of the large surface area of their unique porous feature. A series of nanomaterial characterization assays was performed to assess the modified MSN. Loading efficiency and viability of NSCs with (111)In-MSN complex were optimized. Radiolabeled NSCs were administered to glioma-bearing mice via either intracranial or systemic injection. SPECT imaging and bioluminescence imaging were performed daily up to 48 h after NSC injection. Histology and immunocytochemistry were used to confirm the findings. RESULTS (111)In-MSN complexes show minimal toxicity to NSCs and robust in vitro and in vivo stability. Phantom studies demonstrate feasibility of this platform for NSC imaging. Of significance, we discovered that decayed (111)In-MSN complexes exhibit strong fluorescent profiles in preloaded NSCs, allowing for ex vivo validation of the in vivo data. In vivo, SPECT visualizes actively migrating NSCs toward glioma xenografts in real time after both intracranial and systemic administrations. This is in agreement with bioluminescence live imaging, confocal microscopy, and histology. CONCLUSION These advancements warrant further development and integration of this technology with MRI for multimodal noninvasive tracking of therapeutic NSCs toward various brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dou Yu
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hsiu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institute(s), Taiwan; and
| | - Lara Leoni
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yureve Govind
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neuroscience, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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30
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Kanojia D, Balyasnikova IV, Morshed RA, Frank RT, Yu D, Zhang L, Spencer DA, Kim JW, Han Y, Yu D, Ahmed AU, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS. Neural Stem Cells Secreting Anti-HER2 Antibody Improve Survival in a Preclinical Model of HER2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer Brain Metastases. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2985-94. [PMID: 26260958 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer has been revolutionized by trastuzumab. However, longer survival of these patients now predisposes them to forming HER2 positive brain metastases, as the therapeutic antibodies cannot cross the blood brain barrier. The current oncologic repertoire does not offer a rational, nontoxic targeted therapy for brain metastases. In this study, we used an established human neural stem cell line, HB1.F3 NSCs and generated a stable pool of cells secreting a high amount of functional full-length anti-HER2 antibody, equivalent to trastuzumab. Anti-HER2Ab secreted by the NSCs (HER2Ab-NSCs) specifically binds to HER2 overexpressing human breast cancer cells and inhibits PI3K-Akt signaling. This translates to HER2Ab-NSC inhibition of breast cancer cell growth in vitro. Preclinical in vivo experiments using HER2Ab overexpressing NSCs in a breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) mouse model demonstrate that intracranial injection of HER2Ab-NSCs significantly improves survival. In effect, these NSCs provide tumor localized production of HER2Ab, minimizing any potential off-target side effects. Our results establish HER2Ab-NSCs as a novel, nontoxic, and rational therapeutic approach for the successful treatment of HER2 overexpressing BCBM, which now warrants further preclinical and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kanojia
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ramin A Morshed
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard T Frank
- Department of Neurosciences and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Dou Yu
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Drew A Spencer
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julius W Kim
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The Univ. Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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31
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Ghoda LY, Tirughana R, Gilchrist M, Metz M, Gutova M, Khankaldyyan V, Synold T, Blanchard S, D'Apuzzo M, Moats R, Barish M, Aboody KS. 20. Carboxylesterase-Secreting Neural Stem Cells Increase Efficacy of Irinotecan in Orthotopic Glioma Models: Translation Toward the Clinic. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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32
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Perrigue PM, Silva ME, Warden CD, Feng NL, Reid MA, Mota DJ, Joseph LP, Tian YI, Glackin CA, Gutova M, Najbauer J, Aboody KS, Barish ME. The histone demethylase jumonji coordinates cellular senescence including secretion of neural stem cell-attracting cytokines. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:636-50. [PMID: 25652587 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3/KDM6B) demethylates lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), a repressive epigenetic mark controlling chromatin organization and cellular senescence. To better understand the functional consequences of JMJD3 its expression was investigated in brain tumor cells. Querying patient expression profile databases confirmed JMJD3 overexpression in high-grade glioma. Immunochemical staining of two glioma cell lines, U251 and U87, indicated intrinsic differences in JMJD3 expression levels that were reflected in changes in cell phenotype and variations associated with cellular senescence, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Overexpressing wild-type JMJD3 (JMJD3wt) activated SASP-associated genes, enhanced SA-β-gal activity, and induced nuclear blebbing. Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive dominant negative mutant JMJD3 (JMJD3mut) increased proliferation. In addition, a large number of transcripts were identified by RNA-seq as altered in JMJD3 overexpressing cells, including cancer- and inflammation-related transcripts as defined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. These results suggest that expression of the SASP in the context of cancer undermines normal tissue homeostasis and contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. These studies are therapeutically relevant because inflammatory cytokines have been linked to homing of neural stem cells and other stem cells to tumor loci. IMPLICATIONS This glioma study brings together actions of a normal epigenetic mechanism (JMJD3 activity) with dysfunctional activation of senescence-related processes, including secretion of SASP proinflammatory cytokines and stem cell tropism toward tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Perrigue
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michael E Silva
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Charles D Warden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Nathan L Feng
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Daniel J Mota
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lauren P Joseph
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yangzi Isabel Tian
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Carlotta A Glackin
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph Najbauer
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michael E Barish
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California.
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Mooney R, Schena E, Zhumkhawala A, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Internal temperature increase during photothermal tumour ablation in mice using gold nanorods. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2015:2563-2566. [PMID: 26736815 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation (LA) is gaining large acceptance in the treatment of tumor. One of the main risks of this treatment is damaging the healthy tissue around the tumor. Among the solutions proposed to improve the selectivity of the LA and to localize heating to tumor tissue, the use of gold nanoparticles is one of the most promising. The aim of this work is threefold: i) to measure the temperature increase within the tumor during plasmonic photothermal therapy using gold nanorods; ii) to investigate the influence of nanorods concentration and laser settings on both the intra-tumoral temperature and the tumor surface temperature; iii) and to establish the nanorods concentrations able to cause tumor resorption at a defined laser settings. Two sets of trials were performed: i) 16 mice were divided in four groups with different treatment time (i.e., 5 min, 2 min, 1 min, and 30s), with constant gold nanorods amount (i.e., 12.5 μg) and laser power (i.e., 3 W·cm(-2)); ii) 16 mice were divided in four groups treated with different amount of gold nanorods (i.e., control, 12.5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg) for 5 min at 2 W·cm(-2). Results show significant differences between internal and surface temperatures. We also demonstrate that this temperature difference increases with nanoparticle concentrations, decreases with laser power, and is not influenced by treatment time. This information is critical to improve the theoretical models that will guide future study designs in sensitive orthotopic tumor models.
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34
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Mooney R, Roma L, Zhao D, Van Haute D, Garcia E, Kim SU, Annala AJ, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Neural stem cell-mediated intratumoral delivery of gold nanorods improves photothermal therapy. ACS Nano 2014; 8:12450-60. [PMID: 25375246 PMCID: PMC4278682 DOI: 10.1021/nn505147w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic photothermal therapy utilizes biologically inert gold nanorods (AuNRs) as tumor-localized antennas that convert light into heat capable of eliminating cancerous tissue. This approach has lower morbidity than surgical resection and can potentially synergize with other treatment modalities including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite these advantages, it is still challenging to obtain heating of the entire tumor mass while avoiding unnecessary collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissue. It is therefore critical to identify innovative methods to distribute an effective concentration of AuNRs throughout tumors without depositing them in surrounding healthy tissue. Here we demonstrate that AuNR-loaded, tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can be used to improve the intratumoral distribution of AuNRs. A simple UV-vis technique for measuring AuNR loading within NSCs was established. It was then confirmed that NSC viability is unimpaired following AuNR loading and that NSCs retain AuNRs long enough to migrate throughout tumors. We then demonstrate that intratumoral injections of AuNR-loaded NSCs are more efficacious than free AuNR injections, as evidenced by reduced recurrence rates of triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts following NIR exposure. Finally, we demonstrate that the distribution of AuNRs throughout the tumors is improved when transported by NSCs, likely resulting in the improved efficacy of AuNR-loaded NSCs as compared to free AuNRs. These findings highlight the advantage of combining cellular therapies and nanotechnology to generate more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Luella Roma
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Donghong Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Desiree Van Haute
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Elizabeth Garcia
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Seung U. Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2B5, Canada
| | - Alexander J. Annala
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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Mooney R, Weng Y, Tirughana-Sambandan R, Valenzuela V, Aramburo S, Garcia E, Li Z, Gutova M, Annala AJ, Berlin JM, Aboody KS. Neural stem cells improve intracranial nanoparticle retention and tumor-selective distribution. Future Oncol 2014; 10:401-15. [PMID: 24559447 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this work is to determine if tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can improve the tumor-selective distribution and retention of nanoparticles (NPs) within invasive brain tumors. MATERIALS & METHODS Streptavidin-conjugated, polystyrene NPs are surface-coupled to biotinylated human NSCs. These NPs are large (798 nm), yet when conjugated to tropic cells, they are too large to passively diffuse through brain tissue or cross the blood-tumor barrier. NP distribution and retention was quantified 4 days after injections located either adjacent to an intracerebral glioma, in the contralateral hemisphere, or intravenously. RESULTS & CONCLUSION In all three in vivo injection paradigms, NSC-coupled NPs exhibited significantly improved tumor-selective distribution and retention over free-NP suspensions. These results provide proof-of-principle that NSCs can facilitate the tumor-selective distribution of NPs, a platform useful for improving intracranial drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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Mooney R, Weng Y, Garcia E, Bhojane S, Smith-Powell L, Kim SU, Annala AJ, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Conjugation of pH-responsive nanoparticles to neural stem cells improves intratumoral therapy. J Control Release 2014; 191:82-9. [PMID: 24952368 PMCID: PMC4156897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral drug delivery is an inherently appealing approach for concentrating toxic chemotherapies at the site of action. This mode of administration is currently used in a number of clinical treatments such as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and even standalone therapies when radiation and surgery are not possible. However, even when injected locally, it is difficult to achieve efficient distribution of chemotherapeutics throughout the tumor. This is primarily attributed to the high interstitial pressure which results in gradients that drive fluid away from the tumor center. The stiff extracellular matrix also limits drug penetration throughout the tumor. We have previously shown that neural stem cells can penetrate tumor interstitium, actively migrating even to hypoxic tumor cores. When used to deliver therapeutics, these migratory neural stem cells result in dramatically enhanced tumor coverage relative to conventional delivery approaches. We recently showed that neural stem cells maintain their tumor tropic properties when surface-conjugated to nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate that this hybrid delivery system can be used to improve the efficacy of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles when administered intratumorally. This was achieved by conjugating drug-loaded nanoparticles to the surface of neural stem cells using a bond that allows the stem cells to efficiently distribute nanoparticles throughout the tumor before releasing the drug for uptake by tumor cells. The modular nature of this system suggests that it could be used to improve the efficacy of many chemotherapy drugs after intratumoral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Yiming Weng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garcia
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sukhada Bhojane
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leslie Smith-Powell
- Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2B5, Canada
| | - Alexander J Annala
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Reveron RF, Polewski MD, Aboody KS. Abstract 3778: Glioblastoma multiforme utilizes system Xc- in survival under oxidative stress and chemoresistance. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, with a median survival rate of 10-15 months and a five year survival rate of 2.9% from initial diagnosis. Characteristically, GBM exhibits high proliferation and metabolism rates as well as low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that is sustained using a sodium-independent, electro-neutral transporter known as system XC-. System XC- is composed of a regulatory heavy subunit (4F2hc) linked to a catalytic light subunit (xCT). This protein complex mediates the uptake of L-cystine into the cell, and L-glutamate out of the cell, at a 1:1 ratio. Imported cystine is reduced to L- cysteine, the rate limiting substrate in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione is an essential antioxidant in the central nervous system that is responsible for maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis by neutralizing ROS. High intracellular GSH levels in cancer cells are associated with drug resistance and detoxification of alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ). Therefore, system XC- expressed in glioma cells may be used as a target to reduce glioma survival and tumor burden. Sulfasalazine inhibits system Xc- and demonstrated a strong antitumor potential in preclinical models of malignant glioma. However, the first clinical trial using sulfasalazine to treat GBM patients was terminated due to off-target effects. To further elucidate the protective role of system XC- in GBM, we generated stable xCT knock-down and over-expressing U251 glioma cells. These lines were characterized for survival, proliferation, apoptosis and resistance to insult. The xCT-over-expressing cells were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide treatment and GSH depletion. Interestingly, over-expression of system XC- in U251 cells also resulted in decreased sensitivity to TMZ treatment compared to parental and empty vector controls. As expected, xCT-knock-down cells exhibited increased intracellular ROS after treatment. Using glioma lines stably transduced to over-express or knock-down xCT, we demonstrate for the first time that system XC- over-expression in GBM not only promotes survival under oxidative stress but may also modulate sensitivity to chemotherapy treatment. Therefore, therapeutic manipulation of this transporter either alone or in combination with other treatments may improve clinical outcome in patients diagnosed with GBM.
Citation Format: Rosyli F. Reveron, Monika D. Polewski, Karen S. Aboody. Glioblastoma multiforme utilizes system Xc- in survival under oxidative stress and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3778. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3778
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Cheng Y, Morshed R, Cheng SH, Tobias A, Auffinger B, Wainwright DA, Zhang L, Yunis C, Han Y, Chen CT, Lo LW, Aboody KS, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. Nanoparticle-programmed self-destructive neural stem cells for glioblastoma targeting and therapy. Small 2013; 9:4123-9. [PMID: 23873826 PMCID: PMC3879136 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A 3-step glioblastoma-tropic delivery and therapy method using nanoparticle programmed self-destructive neural stem cells (NSCs) is demonstrated in vivo: 1) FDA-approved NSCs for clinical trials are loaded with pH-sensitive MSN-Dox; 2) the nanoparticle conjugates provide a delayed drug-releasing mechanism and allow for NSC migration towards a distant tumor site; 3) NSCs eventually undergo cell death and release impregnated MSN-Dox, which subsequently induces toxicity towards surrounding glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramin Morshed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex Tobias
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda Auffinger
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Lingjiao Zhang
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Yunis
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Han
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Division of Medical Engineering, National Health Research Institute, Taiwan
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Neuroscience, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute Duarte, California, USA
| | - Atique U. Ahmed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hong SH, Lee HJ, An J, Lim I, Borlongan C, Aboody KS, Kim SU. Human neural stem cells expressing carboxyl esterase target and inhibit tumor growth of lung cancer brain metastases. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:678-82. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Aboody KS, Najbauer J, Metz MZ, D'Apuzzo M, Gutova M, Annala AJ, Synold TW, Couture LA, Blanchard S, Moats RA, Garcia E, Aramburo S, Valenzuela VV, Frank RT, Barish ME, Brown CE, Kim SU, Badie B, Portnow J. Neural stem cell-mediated enzyme/prodrug therapy for glioma: preclinical studies. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:184ra59. [PMID: 23658244 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are extremely difficult to treat because they are invasive and therefore not curable by surgical resection; the toxicity of current chemo- and radiation therapies limits the doses that can be used. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have inherent tumor-tropic properties that enable their use as delivery vehicles to target enzyme/prodrug therapy selectively to tumors. We used a cytosine deaminase (CD)-expressing clonal human NSC line, HB1.F3.CD, to home to gliomas in mice and locally convert the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine to the active chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil. In vitro studies confirmed that the NSCs have normal karyotype, tumor tropism, and CD expression, and are genetically and functionally stable. In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated NSC retention of tumor tropism, even in mice pretreated with radiation or dexamethasone to mimic clinically relevant adjuvant therapies. We evaluated safety and toxicity after intracerebral administration of the NSCs in non-tumor-bearing and orthotopic glioma-bearing immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. We detected no difference in toxicity associated with conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil, no NSCs outside the brain, and no histological evidence of pathology or tumorigenesis attributable to the NSCs. The average tumor volume in mice that received HB1.F3.CD NSCs and 5-fluorocytosine was about one-third that of the average volume in control mice. On the basis of these results, we conclude that combination therapy with HB1.F3.CD NSCs and 5-fluorocytosine is safe, nontoxic, and effective in mice. These data have led to approval of a first-in-human study of an allogeneic NSC-mediated enzyme/prodrug-targeted cancer therapy in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Metz MZ, Gutova M, Lacey SF, Abramyants Y, Vo T, Gilchrist M, Tirughana R, Ghoda LY, Barish ME, Brown CE, Najbauer J, Potter PM, Portnow J, Synold TW, Aboody KS. Neural stem cell-mediated delivery of irinotecan-activating carboxylesterases to glioma: implications for clinical use. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:983-92. [PMID: 24167321 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CPT-11 (irinotecan) has been investigated as a treatment for malignant brain tumors. However, limitations of CPT-11 therapy include low levels of the drug entering brain tumor sites and systemic toxicities associated with higher doses. Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a novel way to overcome these obstacles because of their inherent tumor tropism and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which enables them to selectively target brain tumor sites. Carboxylesterases (CEs) are enzymes that can convert the prodrug CPT-11 (irinotecan) to its active metabolite SN-38, a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. We have adenovirally transduced an established clonal human NSC line (HB1.F3.CD) to express a rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) or a modified human CE (hCE1m6), which are more effective at converting CPT-11 to SN-38 than endogenous human CE. We hypothesized that NSC-mediated CE/CPT-11 therapy would allow tumor-localized production of SN-38 and significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan. Here, we report that transduced NSCs transiently expressed high levels of active CE enzymes, retained their tumor-tropic properties, and mediated an increase in the cytotoxicity of CPT-11 toward glioma cells. CE-expressing NSCs (NSC.CEs), whether administered intracranially or intravenously, delivered CE to orthotopic human glioma xenografts in mice. NSC-delivered CE catalyzed conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38 locally at tumor sites. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of NSC-mediated delivery of CE to glioma and lay the foundation for translational studies of this therapeutic paradigm to improve clinical outcome and quality of life in patients with malignant brain tumors.
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Yi BR, Hwang KA, Aboody KS, Jeung EB, Kim SU, Choi KC. Selective antitumor effect of neural stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase and interferon-beta against ductal breast cancer cells in cellular and xenograft models. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:36-48. [PMID: 24141111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their inherent tumor-tropic properties, genetically engineered stem cells may be advantageous for gene therapy treatment of various human cancers, including brain, liver, ovarian, and prostate malignancies. In this study, we employed human neural stem cells (HB1.F3; hNSCs) transduced with genes expressing Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (HB1.F3.CD) and human interferon-beta (HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β) as a treatment strategy for ductal breast cancer. CD can convert the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to its active chemotherapeutic form, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which induces a tumor-killing effect through DNA synthesis inhibition. IFN-β also strongly inhibits tumor growth by the apoptotic process. RT-PCR confirmed that HB1.F3.CD cells expressed CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells expressed both CD and IFN-β. A modified transwell migration assay showed that HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells selectively migrated toward MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. In hNSC-breast cancer co-cultures the viability of breast cancer cells which were significantly reduced by HB1.F3.CD or HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells in the presence of 5-FC. The tumor inhibitory effect was greater with the HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells, indicating an additional effect of IFN-β to 5-FU. In addition, the tumor-tropic properties of these hNSCs were found to be attributed to chemoattractant molecules secreted by breast cancer cells, including stem cell factor (SCF), c-kit, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor 2. An in vivo assay performed using MDA-MB-231/luc breast cancer mammary fat pad xenografts in immunodeficient mice resulted in 50% reduced tumor growth and increased long-term survival in HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β plus 5-FC treated mice relative to controls. Our results suggest that hNSCs genetically modified to express CD and/or IFN-β genes can be used as a novel targeted cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmed AU, Thaci B, Tobias AL, Auffinger B, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Kim CK, Yunis C, Han Y, Alexiades NG, Fan X, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS. A preclinical evaluation of neural stem cell-based cell carrier for targeted antiglioma oncolytic virotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:968-77. [PMID: 23821758 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic adenoviral virotherapy (OV) is a highly promising approach for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In practice, however, the approach is limited by poor viral distribution and spread throughout the tumor mass. METHODS To enhance viral delivery, replication, and spread, we used a US Food and Drug Administration-approved neural stem cell line (NSC), HB1.F3.CD, which is currently employed in human clinical trials. HB1.F3.CD cells were loaded with an oncolytic adenovirus, CRAd-Survivin-pk7, and mice bearing various human-derived GBMs were assessed with regard to NSC migration, viral replication, and therapeutic efficacy. Survival curves were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Antiglioma activity of OV-loaded HB1.F3.CD cells was effective against clinically relevant human-derived glioma models as well as a glioma stem cell-enriched xenograft model. Median survival was prolonged by 34% to 50% compared with mice treated with OV alone (GBM43FL model median survival = 19.5 days, OV alone vs NSC + OV, hazard ratio of survival = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21 to 12.23, P = .02; GBM12 model median survival = 43.5 days, OV alone vs NSC + OV, hazard ratio of survival = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.21 to 10.38, P = .02). OV-loaded HB1.F3.CD cells were shown to effectively migrate to the contralateral hemisphere and hand off the therapeutic payload of OV to targeted glioma cells. In vivo distribution and migratory kinetics of the OV-loaded HB1.F3.CD cells were successfully monitored in real time by magnetic resonance imaging. OV-loaded NSCs retained their differentiation fate and were nontumorigenic in vivo. CONCLUSIONS HB1.F3.CD NSCs loaded with CRAd-Survivin-pk7 overcome major limitations of OV in vivo and warrant translation in a phase I human clinical trial for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atique U Ahmed
- The Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Gutova M, Frank JA, D'Apuzzo M, Khankaldyyan V, Gilchrist MM, Annala AJ, Metz MZ, Abramyants Y, Herrmann KA, Ghoda LY, Najbauer J, Brown CE, Blanchard MS, Lesniak MS, Kim SU, Barish ME, Aboody KS, Moats RA. Magnetic resonance imaging tracking of ferumoxytol-labeled human neural stem cells: studies leading to clinical use. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:766-75. [PMID: 24014682 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous stem cell-based therapies are currently under clinical investigation, including the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) as delivery vehicles to target therapeutic agents to invasive brain tumors. The ability to monitor the time course, migration, and distribution of stem cells following transplantation into patients would provide critical information for optimizing treatment regimens. No effective cell-tracking methodology has yet garnered clinical acceptance. A highly promising noninvasive method for monitoring NSCs and potentially other cell types in vivo involves preloading them with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) to enable cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report here the preclinical studies that led to U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for first-in-human investigational use of ferumoxytol to label NSCs prior to transplantation into brain tumor patients, followed by surveillance serial MRI. A combination of heparin, protamine sulfate, and ferumoxytol (HPF) was used to label the NSCs. HPF labeling did not affect cell viability, growth kinetics, or tumor tropism in vitro, and it enabled MRI visualization of NSC distribution within orthotopic glioma xenografts. MRI revealed dynamic in vivo NSC distribution at multiple time points following intracerebral or intravenous injection into glioma-bearing mice that correlated with histological analysis. Preclinical safety/toxicity studies of intracerebrally administered HPF-labeled NSCs in mice were also performed, and they showed no significant clinical or behavioral changes, no neuronal or systemic toxicities, and no abnormal accumulation of iron in the liver or spleen. These studies support the clinical use of ferumoxytol labeling of cells for post-transplant MRI visualization and tracking.
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Balyasnikova IV, Prasol MS, Ferguson SD, Han Y, Ahmed AU, Gutova M, Tobias AL, Mustafi D, Rincón E, Zhang L, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS. Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells significantly extends survival of irradiated mice with experimental brain tumors. Mol Ther 2013; 22:140-8. [PMID: 24002694 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options of glioblastoma multiforme are limited due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the utility of intranasal (IN) delivery as a means of transporting stem cell-based antiglioma therapeutics. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivered via nasal application could impart therapeutic efficacy when expressing TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a model of human glioma. ¹¹¹In-oxine, histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were utilized to track MSCs within the brain and associated tumor. We demonstrate that MSCs can penetrate the brain from nasal cavity and infiltrate intracranial glioma xenografts in a mouse model. Furthermore, irradiation of tumor-bearing mice tripled the penetration of (¹¹¹In)-oxine-labeled MSCs in the brain with a fivefold increase in cerebellum. Significant increase in CXCL12 expression was observed in irradiated xenograft tissue, implicating a CXCL12-dependent mechanism of MSCs migration towards irradiated glioma xenografts. Finally, MSCs expressing TRAIL improved the median survival of irradiated mice bearing intracranial U87 glioma xenografts in comparison with nonirradiated and irradiated control mice. Cumulatively, our data suggest that IN delivery of stem cell-based therapeutics is a feasible and highly efficacious treatment modality, allowing for repeated application of modified stem cells to target malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Melanie S Prasol
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alex L Tobias
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Esther Rincón
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tobias AL, Thaci B, Auffinger B, Rincón E, Balyasnikova IV, Kim CK, Han Y, Zhang L, Aboody KS, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. The timing of neural stem cell-based virotherapy is critical for optimal therapeutic efficacy when applied with radiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:655-66. [PMID: 23926209 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains fatal despite intensive surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic interventions. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been used as cellular vehicles for the transportation of oncolytic virus (OV) to therapeutically resistant and infiltrative tumor burdens throughout the brain. The HB1.F3-CD human NSC line has demonstrated efficacy as a cell carrier for the delivery of a glioma tropic OV CRAd-Survivin-pk7 (CRAd-S-pk7) in vitro and in animal models of glioma. At this juncture, no study has investigated the effectiveness of OV-loaded NSCs when applied in conjunction with the standard of care for GBM treatment, and therefore this study was designed to fill this void. Here, we show that CRAd-S-pk7-loaded HB1.F3-CD cells retain their tumor-tropic properties and capacity to function as in situ viral manufacturers in the presence of ionizing radiation (XRT) and temozolomide (TMZ). Furthermore, for the first time, we establish a logical experimental model that aims to recapitulate the complex clinical scenario for the treatment of GBM and tests the compatibility of NSCs loaded with OV. We report that applying OV-loaded NSCs together with XRT and TMZ can increase the median survival of glioma bearing mice by approximately 46%. Most importantly, the timing and order of therapeutic implementation impact therapeutic outcome. When OV-loaded NSCs are delivered prior to rather than after XRT and TMZ treatment, the median survival of mice bearing patient-derived GBM43 glioma xenografts is extended by 30%. Together, data from this report support the testing of CRAd-S-pk7-loaded HB1.F3-CD cells in the clinical setting and argue in favor of a multimodality approach for the treatment of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Tobias
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Schnarr K, Mooney R, Weng Y, Zhao D, Garcia E, Armstrong B, Annala AJ, Kim SU, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Cancer Therapy: Gold Nanoparticle-Loaded Neural Stem Cells for Photothermal Ablation of Cancer (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2013). Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201370036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schnarr K, Mooney R, Weng Y, Zhao D, Garcia E, Armstrong B, Annala AJ, Kim SU, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Gold nanoparticle-loaded neural stem cells for photothermal ablation of cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:976-82. [PMID: 23592703 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenna Schnarr
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Portnow J, Badie B, Synold TW, Annala A, Chen B, Frank J, Moats RA, Wood J, D'Apuzzo M, Bedell V, Frankel PH, Aboody KS. A first-in-human study of neural stem cells (NSCs) expressing cytosine deaminase (CD) in combination with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2018 Background: Human NSCs are inherently tumor-tropic, making them attractive drug delivery vehicles. This pilot-feasibility study assessed the safety of using genetically-modified NSCs for tumor selective enzyme/prodrug therapy. An immortalized, clonal NSC line was retrovirally-transduced to stably express CD, which converts the prodrug 5-FC to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), producing chemotherapy locally at sites of tumor in the brain. Methods: Patients 18 years or older with recurrent high-grade glioma underwent intracranial administration of NSCs during tumor resection or biopsy. Four days later, 5-FC was administered orally every 6 hours for 7 days. Study treatment was given only once. A standard 3+3 dose escalation schema was used to increase doses of NSCs from 1 x 107 to 5 x 107 and 5-FC from 75 to 150 mg/kg/day. Intracerebral microdialysis was performed to measure brain levels of 5-FC and 5-FU; serial blood samples were obtained to assess systemic drug concentrations. Three patients received iron-labeled NSCs for MRI tracking. Brain autopsies were done on 2 patients. Results: Fifteen patients received study treatment. Three were inevaluable for toxicity and replaced. All patients tolerated the NSCs well. There was 1 dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 transaminitis) possibly related to 5-FC. At the highest dose level of NSCs, the average steady-state concentration of 5-FU in the brain was 63.9±7.9 nM. The average maximum 5-FU level in brain was 104±88 nM compared to 24±36 nM in plasma, indicating local production of 5-FU in the brain by the NSCs. MR imaging of iron-labeled NSCs showed preliminary evidence of NSC migration. Autopsy data documented (by IHC, FISH, and PCR) NSCs at distant sites of tumor in the brain and no development of secondary tumors. Conclusions: This first-in-human study has demonstrated safety and proof-of-concept regarding NSC-mediated conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU and NSC tumor-tropism. NSCs have the potential to overcome obstacles of drug delivery that limit current gene therapy strategies. Results of this pilot study will serve as the foundation for future NSC studies. (Supported by NCI 1R21 CA137639-01A1, CIRM DR-01421). Clinical trial information: NCT01172964.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rex A. Moats
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John Wood
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Khosh N, Brown CE, Aboody KS, Barish ME. Contact and encirclement of glioma cells in vitro is an intrinsic behavior of a clonal human neural stem cell line. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51859. [PMID: 23240066 PMCID: PMC3519902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathotropic neural stem and/or progenitor cells (NSCs) can potentially deliver therapeutic agents to otherwise inaccessible cancers. In glioma, NSCs are found in close contact with tumor cells, raising the possibility that specificity of NSC contact with glioma targets originates in the tumor cells themselves. Alternatively, target preferences may originate, at least in part, in the tumor microenvironment. To better understand mechanisms underlying NSC interactions with glioma cells, we examined NSC-target cell contacts in a highly simplified 3-dimensional peptide hydrogel (Puramatrix) in which cell behaviors can be studied in the relative absence of external cues. HB1.F3 is an immortalized clonal human NSC line extensively characterized in preclinical investigations. To study contact formation between HB1.F3 NSCs and glioma cells, we first examined co-cultures of eGFP-expressing HB1.F3 (HB1.F3.eGFP) NSCs and dsRed-expressing U251 glioma (U251.dsRed) cells. Using confocal microscopy, HB1.F3.eGFP cells were observed contacting or encircling U251.dsRed glioma cells, but never the reverse. Next, examining specificity of these contacts, no significant quantitative differences in either percentages of HB1.F3 NSCs contacting targets, or in the extent of target cell encirclement, were observed when HB1.F3.eGFP cells were presented with various potential target cells (human glioma and breast cancer cell lines, patient-derived brain tumor lines, non-tumor fibroblasts, primary mouse and human astroglial cells, and primary adult and newborn human dermal fibroblasts) except that interactions between HB1.F3 cells did not progress beyond establishing contacts. Finally cytoskeletal mechanisms employed by HB1.F3.eGFP cells varied with the substrate. When migrating in Puramatrix, HB1.F3 NSCs exhibited intermittent process extension followed by soma translocation, while during encirclement their movements were more amoeboid. We conclude that formation of contacts and subsequent encirclement of target cells by HB1.F3 NSCs is an intrinsic property of these NSCs, and that preferential contact formation with tumor cells in vivo must therefore be highly dependent on microenvironmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousha Khosh
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Christine E. Brown
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Barish
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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