1
|
Zhou X, Mahdizadeh SJ, Le Gallo M, Eriksson LA, Chevet E, Lafont E. UFMylation: a ubiquitin-like modification. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:52-67. [PMID: 37945409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a major degree of complexity to the proteome and are essential controllers of protein homeostasis. Amongst the hundreds of PTMs identified, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) modifications are recognized as key regulators of cellular processes through their ability to affect protein-protein interactions, protein stability, and thus the functions of their protein targets. Here, we focus on the most recently identified UBL, ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), and the machinery responsible for its transfer to substrates (UFMylation) or its removal (deUFMylation). We first highlight the biochemical peculiarities of these processes, then we develop on how UFMylation and its machinery control various intertwined cellular processes and we highlight some of the outstanding research questions in this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sayyed J Mahdizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Zhou T, Wang X, Xia Y, Cao X, Cheng X, Cao Y, Ma P, Ma H, Qin A, Zhao J. Loss of DDRGK1 impairs IRE1α UFMylation in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4709-4725. [PMID: 37781516 PMCID: PMC10539710 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) is a rare disease in which cartilage growth is disrupted, and the DDRGK1 mutation is one of the causative genes. In our study, we established Ddrgk1fl/fl, Col2a1-ERT Cre mice, which showed a thickened hypertrophic zone (HZ) in the growth plate, simulating the previous reported SEMD pathology in vivo. Instead of the classical modulation mechanism towards SOX9, our further mechanism study found that DDRGK1 stabilizes the stress sensor endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling 1 (IRE1α) to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homoeostasis. The loss of DDRGK1 decreased the UFMylation and subsequently led to increased ubiquitylation-mediated IRE1α degradation, causing ER dysfunction and activating the PERK/CHOP/Caspase3 apoptosis pathway. Further DDRGK1 K268R-mutant mice revealed the importance of K268 UFMylation site in IRE1α degradation and subsequent ER dysfunction. In conclusion, DDRGK1 stabilizes IRE1α to ameliorate ER stress and following apoptosis in chondrocytes, which finally promote the normal chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangjun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Bode AM, Zhang T. Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37311884 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin M, Lian NZ, Cao LL, Huang CM, Zheng CH, Li P, Xie JW, Wang JB, Lu J, Chen QY, Li YH, Peng ZH, Zhang XY, Mei YX, Lin JX. Down-regulated expression of CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 suggests a poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:927751. [PMID: 36387125 PMCID: PMC9647057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between the CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 expression and the prolonged outcomes of patients who underwent gastric cancer (GC) surgery was investigated. METHODS Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), unsupervised clustering and other methods were used to verify the relationship between CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 in GC through public databases. Additionally, CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 expression in cancerous and paracancerous tissues of GC was analysed in the context of patient prognosis. RESULTS CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 expression was downregulated synchronously, the interaction was observed between the two proteins, and UFM1 and CDK5RAP3 expression was found to be inversely associated to AKT pathway activation. Prognostic analysis showed that the prognosis is poorer for low CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 patients, than for high CDK5RAP3 and/or UFM1 (p<0.001) patients, and this expression pattern was an independent predictor for overall survival of GC. Coexpression of CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 combined with TNM staging can improve the accuracy of prognosis prediction for patients (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS It is confirmed in our findings that a combination of CDK5RAP3 and UFM1 can produce a more precise prediction model for GC patients' survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ning-Zi Lian
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Han Li
- The Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhu-Huai Peng
- The Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- The Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Xian Mei
- The Union Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan H, Xu JJ, Ali I, Zhang W, Jiang M, Li G, Teng Y, Zhu G, Cai Y. CDK5RAP3, an essential regulator of checkpoint, interacts with RPL26 and maintains the stability of cell growth. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13240. [PMID: 35509151 PMCID: PMC9136512 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND MATERIALS CDK5RAP3 (CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3) was originally identified as a binding protein of CDK5. It is a crucial gene controlling biological functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Although previous studies have also shown that CDK5RAP3 is involved in a variety of signalling pathways, however, the mechanism of CDK5RAP3 remains largely undefined. This study utilized MEFs from conditional knockout mice to inhibit CDK5RAP3 and knockdown CDK5RAP3 in MCF7 to explore the role of CDK5RAP3 in cell growth, mitosis, and cell death. RESULTS CDK5RAP3 was found to be widely distributed throughout the centrosome, spindle, and endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that it is involved in regulating a variety of cellular activities. CDK5RAP3 deficiency resulted in instability of cell growth. CDK5RAP3 deficiency partly blocks the cell cycle in G2 /M by downregulating CDK1 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 1) and CCNB1 (Cyclin B1) expression levels. The cell proliferation rate was decreased, thereby slowing down the cell growth rate. Furthermore, the results showed that CDK5RAP3 interacts with RPL26 (ribosome protein L26) to regulate the mTOR pathway. CDK5RAP3 and RPL26 deficiency inhibited mTOR/p-mTOR protein and induce autophagy, resulting in an upregulation of the percentage of apoptosis, and the upregulated percentage of apoptosis also slowed cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments show that CDK5RAP3 interacts with RPL26 and maintains the stability of cell growth. It shows that CDK5RAP3 plays an important role in cell growth and can be used as the target of gene medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ilyas Ali
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiping Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reggiori F, Molinari M. ER-phagy: mechanisms, regulation and diseases connected to the lysosomal clearance of the endoplasmic reticulum. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1393-1448. [PMID: 35188422 PMCID: PMC9126229 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ER-phagy (reticulo-phagy) defines the degradation of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within lysosomes or vacuoles. It is part of the self-digestion (i.e., auto-phagic) programs recycling cytoplasmic material and organelles, which rapidly mobilize metabolites in cells confronted with nutrient shortage. Moreover, selective clearance of ER subdomains participates to the control of ER size and activity during ER stress, the re-establishment of ER homeostasis after ER stress resolution and the removal of ER parts, in which aberrant and potentially cytotoxic material has been segregated. ER-phagy relies on the individual and/or concerted activation of the ER-phagy receptors, ER peripheral or integral membrane proteins that share the presence of LC3/Atg8-binding motifs in their cytosolic domains. ER-phagy involves the physical separation of portions of the ER from the bulk ER network, and their delivery to the endolysosomal/vacuolar catabolic district. This last step is accomplished by a variety of mechanisms including macro-ER-phagy (in which ER fragments are sequestered by double-membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes/vacuoles), micro-ER-phagy (in which ER fragments are directly engulfed by endosomes/lysosomes/vacuoles), or direct fusion of ER-derived vesicles with lysosomes/vacuoles. ER-phagy is dysfunctional in specific human diseases and its regulators are subverted by pathogens, highlighting its crucial role for cell and organism life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, grid.4830.fUniversity of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Protein Folding and Quality Control, grid.7722.0Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klebanovych A, Vinopal S, Dráberová E, Sládková V, Sulimenko T, Sulimenko V, Vosecká V, Macůrek L, Legido A, Dráber P. C53 Interacting with UFM1-Protein Ligase 1 Regulates Microtubule Nucleation in Response to ER Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030555. [PMID: 35159364 PMCID: PMC8834445 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ER distribution depends on microtubules, and ER homeostasis disturbance activates the unfolded protein response resulting in ER remodeling. CDK5RAP3 (C53) implicated in various signaling pathways interacts with UFM1-protein ligase 1 (UFL1), which mediates the ufmylation of proteins in response to ER stress. Here we find that UFL1 and C53 associate with γ-tubulin ring complex proteins. Knockout of UFL1 or C53 in human osteosarcoma cells induces ER stress and boosts centrosomal microtubule nucleation accompanied by γ-tubulin accumulation, microtubule formation, and ER expansion. C53, which is stabilized by UFL1, associates with the centrosome and rescues microtubule nucleation in cells lacking UFL1. Pharmacological induction of ER stress by tunicamycin also leads to increased microtubule nucleation and ER expansion. Furthermore, tunicamycin suppresses the association of C53 with the centrosome. These findings point to a novel mechanism for the relief of ER stress by stimulation of centrosomal microtubule nucleation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Klebanovych
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Stanislav Vinopal
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Vladimíra Sládková
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Tetyana Sulimenko
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Vadym Sulimenko
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Věra Vosecká
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Libor Macůrek
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Agustin Legido
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA;
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (S.V.); (E.D.); (V.S.); (T.S.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-241-062-632
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng X, Jiang J, Sun L, Zhou Q. CDK5RAP3 acts as a putative tumor inhibitor in papillary thyroid carcinoma via modulation of Akt/GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 440:115940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
CDK5RAP3, a New BRCA2 Partner That Regulates DNA Repair, Is Associated with Breast Cancer Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020353. [PMID: 35053516 PMCID: PMC8773632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA2 is essential for homologous recombination DNA repair. BRCA2 mutations lead to genome instability and increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Similarly, mutations in BRCA2-interacting proteins are also known to modulate sensitivity to DNA damage agents and are established cancer risk factors. Here we identify the tumor suppressor CDK5RAP3 as a novel BRCA2 helical domain-interacting protein. CDK5RAP3 depletion induced DNA damage resistance, homologous recombination and single-strand annealing upregulation, and reduced spontaneous and DNA damage-induced genomic instability, suggesting that CDK5RAP3 negatively regulates double-strand break repair in the S-phase. Consistent with this cellular phenotype, analysis of transcriptomic data revealed an association between low CDK5RAP3 tumor expression and poor survival of breast cancer patients. Finally, we identified common genetic variations in the CDK5RAP3 locus as potentially associated with breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Our results uncover CDK5RAP3 as a critical player in DNA repair and breast cancer outcomes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng Y, Niu Z, Cai Y, Zhang W. Emerging role of UFMylation in secretory cells involved in the endocrine system by maintaining ER proteostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1085408. [PMID: 36743909 PMCID: PMC9894094 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1085408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a ubiquitin-like molecule (UBL) discovered almost two decades ago, but our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this novel protein post-translational modification is still very fragmentary. In this review, we first summarize the core enzymes and factors involved in the UFMylation cascade, which, similar to ubiquitin, is consecutively catalyzed by UFM1-activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), UFM1-conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1) and UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1). Inspired by the substantial implications of UFM1 machinery in the secretory pathway, we next concentrate on the puzzling role of UFMylation in maintaining ER protein homeostasis, intending to illustrate the underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. At last, given a robust ER network is a hallmark of healthy endocrine secretory cells, we emphasize the function of UFM1 modification in physiology and pathology in the context of endocrine glands pancreas and female ovaries, aiming to provide precise insight into other internal glands of the endocrine system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cheng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu F, Pan R, Ding H, Gu L, Yang Y, Li C, Xu Y, Hu R, Chen H, Zhang X, Nie Y. UBQLN4 is an ATM substrate that stabilizes the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2A1 and BCL2L10 in mesothelioma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3738-3752. [PMID: 34245648 PMCID: PMC8637560 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM; previously known as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and regulates multiple downstream pathways, such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. As a serine/threonine kinase, ATM has an array of downstream phosphorylation substrates, including checkpoint effector checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2). ATM inhibits cell cycle progression by phosphorylating and activating CHK2, which plays an important role in the formation and development of tumors and participates in DNA repair responses after double-stranded DNA breaks. In this study, we used a recently developed mammalian functional genetic screening system to explore a series of ATM substrates and their role in DNA damage to enhance our understanding of the DNA damage response. Ubiquilin 4 (UBQLN4), which belongs to the ubiquilin family characterized by its ubiquitin-like (UBL) and ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains, was identified as a new substrate for ATM. UBQLN4 is involved in various intracellular processes, such as autophagosome maturation, p21 regulation, and motor axon morphogenesis. However, the biological function of UBQLN4 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we not only identified UBQLN4 as a substrate for ATM, but also found that UBQLN4 interacts with and stabilizes the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1) and Bcl-2-like protein 10 (BCL2L10) and prevents mesothelioma cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage. These findings expand our understanding of the role of UBQLN4 in mesothelioma and provide new insights into potential mesothelioma treatments targeting substrates for ATM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Medical CollegeGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - RunSang Pan
- GuiYang Maternal and Child HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - HongYu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - LiLing Gu
- Medical CollegeGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Department of RehabilitationGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune‐related DiseasesGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Yun Yang
- Medical CollegeGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - ChuanYin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - YongJie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune‐related DiseasesGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune‐related DiseasesGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - XiangYan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune‐related DiseasesGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - YingJie Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune‐related DiseasesGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sheng L, Li J, Rao S, Yang Z, Huang Y. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Regulatory Subunit Associated Protein 3: Potential Functions and Implications for Development and Disease. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760429. [PMID: 34722315 PMCID: PMC8551632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3, also named as C53 or LZAP) was initially identified as a binding protein of CDK5 activator p35. To date, CDK5RAP3 has been reported to interact with a range of proteins involved in cellular events ranging from cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion to UFMylation modification and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Owing to its crucial roles in cellular processes, CDK5RAP3 is demonstrated to be not only an active participant in embryonic and mammalian tissue development, but also a key regulator in the onset and progress of human cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer and breast cancer. Notwithstanding, the detailed function of CDK5RAP3 and its mechanism remain poorly defined. Here, we briefly described a history of the discovery of CDK5RAP3, and systematically overviewed its gene structural and distribution features. We also focused on the known functions of this protein and its implications for embryogenesis and tissue development, as well as diseases especially carcinoma. This review may facilitate to understand the molecular and functional basis of CDK5RAP3 and its association with development and disease, and provide a reasonable idea for novel therapeutic opportunities targeting CDK5RAP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linna Sheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Graduate College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengfang Rao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Witting KF, Mulder MP. Highly Specialized Ubiquitin-Like Modifications: Shedding Light into the UFM1 Enigma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020255. [PMID: 33578803 PMCID: PMC7916544 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification with Ubiquitin-like proteins represents a complex signaling language regulating virtually every cellular process. Among these post-translational modifiers is Ubiquitin-fold modifier (UFM1), which is covalently attached to its substrates through the orchestrated action of a dedicated enzymatic cascade. Originally identified to be involved embryonic development, its biological function remains enigmatic. Recent research reveals that UFM1 regulates a variety of cellular events ranging from DNA repair to autophagy and ER stress response implicating its involvement in a variety of diseases. Given the contribution of UFM1 to numerous pathologies, the enzymes of the UFM1 cascade represent attractive targets for pharmacological inhibition. Here we discuss the current understanding of this cryptic post-translational modification especially its contribution to disease as well as expand on the unmet needs of developing chemical and biochemical tools to dissect its role.
Collapse
|
14
|
Quintero M, Liu S, Xia Y, Huang Y, Zou Y, Li G, Hu L, Singh N, Blumberg R, Cai Y, Xu H, Li H. Cdk5rap3 is essential for intestinal Paneth cell development and maintenance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:131. [PMID: 33504792 PMCID: PMC7841144 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal Paneth cells are professional exocrine cells that play crucial roles in maintenance of homeostatic microbiome, modulation of mucosal immunity, and support for stem cell self-renewal. Dysfunction of these cells may lead to the pathogenesis of human diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cdk5 activator binding protein Cdk5rap3 (also known as C53 and LZAP) was originally identified as a binding protein of Cdk5 activator p35. Although previous studies have indicated its involvement in a wide range of signaling pathways, the physiological function of Cdk5rap3 remains largely undefined. In this study, we found that Cdk5rap3 deficiency resulted in very early embryonic lethality, indicating its indispensable role in embryogenesis. To further investigate its function in the adult tissues and organs, we generated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific knockout mouse model to examine its role in intestinal development and tissue homeostasis. IEC-specific deletion of Cdk5rap3 led to nearly complete loss of Paneth cells and increased susceptibility to experimentally induced colitis. Interestingly, Cdk5rap3 deficiency resulted in downregulation of key transcription factors Gfi1 and Sox9, indicating its crucial role in Paneth cell fate specification. Furthermore, Cdk5rap3 is highly expressed in mature Paneth cells. Paneth cell-specific knockout of Cdk5rap3 caused partial loss of Paneth cells, while inducible acute deletion of Cdk5rap3 resulted in disassembly of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and abnormal zymogen granules in the mature Paneth cells, as well as loss of Paneth cells. Together, our results provide definitive evidence for the essential role of Cdk5rap3 in Paneth cell development and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Quintero
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yanhua Xia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Richard Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen Y, Zou Y, Li J, Chen F, Li H, Cai Y. CDK5RAP3, a Novel Nucleoplasmic Shuttle, Deeply Regulates HSF1-Mediated Heat Stress Response and Protects Mammary Epithelial Cells from Heat Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8400. [PMID: 33182370 PMCID: PMC7664939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK5RAP3 was regarded as the most significant regulator of cellular responses against heat stress, which is associated with dysfunctions of the immune system and animal susceptibility to disease. Despite this, little known about how CDK5RAP3 regulates heat stress response. In this study, CDK5RAP3 conditional Knockout (CKO) mice, CDK5RAP3-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were used as an in vitro and in vivo model, respectively to reveal the role of CDK5RAP3 in regulating the heat stress response. The deletion of CDK5RAP3 unexpectedly caused animal lethality after 1.5-h heat stimulations. Furthermore, BMECs were re-cultured for eight hours after heat stress and was found that the expression of CDK5RAP3 and HSPs showed a similar fluctuating pattern of increase (0-2, 4-6 h) and decrease (2-4, 6-8 h). In addition to the remarkably enhanced expression of heat shock protein, apoptosis rate and endoplasmic reticulum stress, the deletion of CDK5RAP3 also affected nucleoplasmic translocation and trimer formation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). These programs were further confirmed in the mammary gland of CDK5RAP3 CKO mice and CDK5RAP3-/- MEFs as well. Interestingly, genetic silencing of HSF1 downregulated CDK5RAP3 expression in BMECs. Immunostaining and immunoprecipitation studies suggested a physical interaction between CDK5RAP3 and HSF1 being co-localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Besides, CDK5RAP3 also interacted with HSP90, suggesting an operative machinery at both transcriptional level and protein functionality of HSP90 per se. Together, our findings suggested that CDK5RAP3 works like a novel nucleoplasmic shuttle or molecular chaperone, deeply participating in HSF1-mediated heat stress response and protecting cells from heat injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Yan Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China;
| | - Fanghui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang S, Yang R, Wang H, Huang Y, Jia Y. CDK5RAP3 Deficiency Restrains Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2403-2416. [PMID: 32926856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3) plays a crucial role in mammalian liver development and hepatic function by controlling hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation, glucose and lipid metabolism, UFMylation, and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. However, the role of CDK5RAP3 in liver regeneration remains unknown. A liver-specific Cdk5rap3 knockout (CKO) mouse model was used to study the function of CDK5RAP3 during liver regeneration induced by standard two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx). Twenty-four hours after PHx, the liver-to-body weight ratio was markedly higher in CKO mice than in wild-type mice. However, this ratio did not increase significantly and gradually over time after PHx in CKO mice. Hepatocyte proliferation was significantly delayed in CKO mice compared with wild-type mice. Meanwhile, CDK5RAP3 deficiency increased lipid accumulation, impaired glycogen synthesis, and lowered blood glucose levels after PHx. Critically, the absence of CDK5RAP3 seemed to promote an inflammatory response and induce apoptosis at a late stage of liver regeneration. In addition, CDK5RAP3 deficiency disrupted UFMylation homeostasis and aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes after PHx. Taken together, these data suggest that CDK5RAP3 enhances liver regeneration, at least partially via controlling cell cycle and glucose and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin JX, Yoon C, Li P, Ryeom SW, Cho SJ, Zheng CH, Xie JW, Wang JB, Lu J, Chen QY, Yoon SS, Huang CM. CDK5RAP3 as tumour suppressor negatively regulates self-renewal and invasion and is regulated by ERK1/2 signalling in human gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1131-1144. [PMID: 32606358 PMCID: PMC7525566 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toward identifying new strategies to target gastric cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), we evaluated the function of the tumour suppressor CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3) in gastric CSC maintenance. METHODS We examined the expression of CDK5RAP3 and CD44 in gastric cancer patients. The function and mechanisms of CDK5RAP3 were checked in human and mouse gastric cancer cell lines and in mouse xenograft. RESULTS We show that CDK5RAP3 is weakly expressed in gastric CSCs and is negatively correlated with the gastric CSC marker CD44. CDK5RAP3 overexpression decreased expression of CSC markers, spheroid formation, invasion and migration, and reversed chemoresistance in gastric CSCs in vitro and vivo. CDK5RAP3 expression was found to be regulated by extracellular-related kinase (ERK) signalling. ERK inhibitors decreased spheroid formation, migration and invasion, and the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in both GA cells and organoids derived from a genetically engineered mouse model of GA. Finally, CDK5RAP3 expression was associated with reduced lymph-node metastasis and better prognosis, even in the presence of high expression of the EMT transcription factor Snail, among patients with CD44-positive GA. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that CDK5RAP3 is suppressed by ERK signalling and negatively regulates the self-renewal and EMT of gastric CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Changhwan Yoon
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sandra W Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Soo-Jeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sam S Yoon
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang S, Jia M, Su M, Hu X, Li J, Xu Y, Qiu W. Ufmylation Is Activated in Renal Cancer and Is Not Associated with von Hippel-Lindau Mutation. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:654-660. [PMID: 31999483 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common in all of the renal cancers; however, it lacks ideal molecular target for treatment. In the present study, we identified that ufmylation, a novel ubiquitin-like modification, was significantly upregulated in renal cancer tissues. Ufmylation is known to be closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and protein quality control. To explore the relation between ufmylation and protein degradation pathways in renal cancer cells, we pharmacologically altered the ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) and autophagy pathways. We found that the ufmylation levels were not varied by autophagy activation or inhibition. Consistently, the LC3 conversion, as an important biomarker of autophagy, was comparable between renal caner tissues and para-cancer tissues, indicating that the increase of ufmylation in renal cancer may be not related with autophagy. In contrast, blocking UPS with MG132 activated ufmylation in renal cancer cells, suggesting that the activation of ufmylation in renal cancer may be associated with the UPS activity. However, the ufmylation levels were not associated with mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, a specific E3 ligase of the UPS and has high mutation rate in renal cancer. Besides, we found that sunitinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could significantly inhibit ufmylation, whereas overexpression of active Ufm1 partially inhibited the antitumor effects of sunitinib. These results highlight that ufmylation might be a novel molecular candidate for renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gerakis Y, Quintero M, Li H, Hetz C. The UFMylation System in Proteostasis and Beyond. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:974-986. [PMID: 31703843 PMCID: PMC6917045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications are at the apex of cellular communication and eventually regulate every aspect of life. The identification of new post-translational modifiers is opening alternative avenues in understanding fundamental cell biology processes and may ultimately provide novel therapeutic opportunities. The ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a post-translational modifier discovered a decade ago but its biological significance has remained mostly unknown. The field has recently witnessed an explosion of research uncovering the implications of the pathway to cellular homeostasis in living organisms. We overview recent advances in the function and regulation of the UFM1 pathway, and its implications for cell physiology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Gerakis
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP (Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias) Center for Geroscience (GERO), Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Michaela Quintero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP (Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias) Center for Geroscience (GERO), Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Egusquiaguirre SP, Liu S, Tošić I, Jiang K, Walker SR, Nicolais M, Saw TY, Xiang M, Bartel K, Nelson EA, Frank DA. CDK5RAP3 is a co-factor for the oncogenic transcription factor STAT3. Neoplasia 2019; 22:47-59. [PMID: 31765941 PMCID: PMC6881650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT3 regulates genes governing critical cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and self-renewal. While STAT3 transcriptional function is activated rapidly and transiently in response to physiologic signals, through a variety of mechanisms it can become constitutively activated in the pathogenesis of cancer. This leads to chronic expression of genes that underlie malignant cellular behavior. However, STAT3 is known to interact with other proteins, which may modulate its function. Understanding these interactions can provide insights into novel aspects of STAT3 function and may also suggest strategies to therapeutically target the large number of cancers driven by constitutively activated STAT3. To identify critical modulators of STAT3 transcriptional function, we performed an RNA-interference based screen in a cell-based system that allows quantitative measurement of STAT3 activity. From this approach, we identified CDK5 kinase regulatory-subunit associated protein 3 (CDK5RAP3) as an enhancer of STAT3-dependent gene expression. We found that STAT3 transcriptional function is modulated by CDK5RAP3 in cancer cells, and silencing CDK5RAP3 reduces STAT3-mediated tumorigenic phenotypes including clonogenesis and migration. Mechanistically, CDK5RAP3 binds to STAT3-regulated genomic loci, in a STAT3-dependent manner. In primary human breast cancers, the expression of CDK5RAP3 expression was associated with STAT3 gene expression signatures as well as the expression of individual STAT3 target genes. These findings reveal a novel aspect of STAT3 transcriptional function and potentially provide both a biomarker of enhanced STAT3-dependent gene expression as well as a unique mechanism to therapeutically target STAT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Egusquiaguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Suhu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Isidora Tošić
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Maria Nicolais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Tzuen Yih Saw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Katarina Bartel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Erik A Nelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215; Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin JX, Weng XF, Xie XS, Lian NZ, Qiu SL, Wang JB, Lu J, Chen QY, Cao LL, Lin M, Tu RH, Yang YH, Liu SJ, Hu M, Lin YK, Huang CM, Zheng CH, Li P, Xie JW. CDK5RAP3 inhibits angiogenesis in gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma by modulating AKT/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:282. [PMID: 31728130 PMCID: PMC6839262 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis plays critical roles in the progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma is an uncommon stomach cancer that is rich in blood vessels and exhibits highly malignant biological behavior with a poor prognosis. The role of CDK5RAP3 in GNEC has not been reported to date. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of CDK5RAP3 in GNEC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Cell lines with stable overexpression or knockdown of CDK5RAP3 were constructed using lentiviral transfection. Wound-healing assays, invasion and metastasis assays, tube formation assays, and tumor xenograft transplantation assays were performed to evaluate the effect of CDK5RAP3 on GNEC angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Real-time PCR, ELISA, western blot analysis, and confocal-immunofluorescence staining were used to explore the molecular mechanism of CDK5RAP3′s effect on angiogenesis. Results Compared with their respective adjacent non-tumor tissues, protein levels of CDK5RAP3 were significantly decreased in GNEC tissues. Furthermore, low expression of CDK5RAP3 was correlated with more advanced TNM stage, increased tumor microvessel density, and poor prognosis. Functionally, we found that GNEC cells with CDK5RAP3 knockdown promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration and tube formation via activation of AKT/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling, resulting in increased levels of VEGFA in GNEC cell supernatant. In addition, CDK5RAP3 overexpression in GNEC cells caused the opposing effect. Consistent with these results, nude mouse tumorigenicity assays showed that CDK5RAP3 expression downregulated angiogenesis in vivo. Lastly, patients with low CDK5RAP3 expression and high VEGFA expression exhibited the worst prognosis. Conclusions This study demonstrated that CDK5RAP3 inhibits angiogenesis by downregulating AKT/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling in GNEC and improves patient prognosis, suggesting that CDK5RAP3 could be a potential therapeutic target for GNEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xian Lin
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Xiong-Feng Weng
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Xin-Sheng Xie
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Ning-Zi Lian
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Sheng-Liang Qiu
- 4Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Jun Lu
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Mi Lin
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Ying-Hong Yang
- 4Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Si-Jia Liu
- 2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Min Hu
- 2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Yi-Ke Lin
- 2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Ping Li
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- 1Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China.,3Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fang Z, Pan Z. Essential Role of Ubiquitin-Fold Modifier 1 Conjugation in DNA Damage Response. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1030-1039. [PMID: 31368785 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Both endogenous and exogenous factors can cause DNA damage that compromises genomic integrity and cell viability. A proper DNA damage response (DDR) plays a role in maintaining genome stability and preventing tumorigenesis. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most toxic DNA lesion, whose response is dominated by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase. After being activated by the sensor Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex or acetyltransferase Tip60, ATM rapidly phosphorylates downstream targets to launch DDR signaling when DNA is damaged. However, the exact mechanism of DDR is complex and ambiguous. Ufmylation, one type of ubiquitin-like modification, proceeds mainly through a three-step enzymatic reaction to help ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1), attach to substrates with ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 5 (Uba5), Ufm1-conjugating enzyme 1 (Ufc1) and Ufm1-specific ligase 1 (Ufl1). Although ubiquitination is essential to the DSBs response, the potential function of ufmylation in DDR is largely unknown. Herein, we review the relationship between ufmylation and DDR to elucidate the function and mechanism of ufmylation in DDR, which would reveal the pathogenesis of some diseases and provide new guidance to create a therapeutic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang R, Wang H, Kang B, Chen B, Shi Y, Yang S, Sun L, Liu Y, Xiao W, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Xu P, Chang Y, Jia Y, Huang Y. CDK5RAP3, a UFL1 substrate adaptor, is crucial for liver development. Development 2019; 146:dev.169235. [PMID: 30635284 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) regulates numerous biological functions. The UFM1 system, a novel UBL conjugation system, is implicated in mouse development and hematopoiesis. However, its broad biological functions and working mechanisms remain largely elusive. CDK5RAP3, a possible ufmylation substrate, is essential for epiboly and gastrulation in zebrafish. Herein, we report a crucial role of CDK5RAP3 in liver development and hepatic functions. Cdk5rap3 knockout mice displayed prenatal lethality with severe liver hypoplasia, as characterized by delayed proliferation and compromised differentiation. Hepatocyte-specific Cdk5rap3 knockout mice suffered post-weaning lethality, owing to serious hypoglycemia and impaired lipid metabolism. Depletion of CDK5RAP3 triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress and activated unfolded protein responses in hepatocytes. We detected the in vivo interaction of CDK5RAP3 with UFL1, the defined E3 ligase in ufmylation. Notably, loss of CDK5RAP3 altered the ufmylation profile in liver cells, suggesting that CDK5RAP3 serves as a novel substrate adaptor for this UBL modification. Collectively, our study identifies CDK5RAP3 as an important regulator of ufmylation and suggests the involvement of ufmylation in mammalian development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Boxi Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Weidi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China .,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China .,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wamsley JJ, Gary C, Biktasova A, Hajek M, Bellinger G, Virk R, Issaeva N, Yarbrough WG. Loss of LZAP inactivates p53 and regulates sensitivity of cells to DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e314. [PMID: 28394357 PMCID: PMC5520489 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiation, the two most common cancer therapies, exert their anticancer effects by causing damage to cellular DNA. However, systemic treatment damages DNA not only in cancer, but also in healthy cells, resulting in the progression of serious side effects and limiting efficacy of the treatment. Interestingly, in response to DNA damage, p53 seems to play an opposite role in normal and in the majority of cancer cells-wild-type p53 mediates apoptosis in healthy tissues, attributing to the side effects, whereas mutant p53 often is responsible for acquired cancer resistance to the treatment. Here, we show that leucine zipper-containing ARF-binding protein (LZAP) binds and stabilizes p53. LZAP depletion eliminates p53 protein independently of its mutation status, subsequently protecting wild-type p53 cells from DNA damage-induced cell death, while rendering cells expressing mutant p53 more sensitive to the treatment. In human non-small-cell lung cancer, LZAP levels correlated with p53 levels, suggesting that loss of LZAP may represent a novel mechanism of p53 inactivation in human cancer. Our studies establish LZAP as a p53 regulator and p53-dependent determinative of cell fate in response to DNA damaging treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Wamsley
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Gary
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Biktasova
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Hajek
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Bellinger
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Virk
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Issaeva
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W G Yarbrough
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wamsley JJ, Issaeva N, An H, Lu X, Donehower LA, Yarbrough WG. LZAP is a novel Wip1 binding partner and positive regulator of its phosphatase activity in vitro. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:213-223. [PMID: 28027003 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1261767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase Wip1 attenuates the DNA damage response (DDR) by removing phosphorylation marks from a number of DDR proteins (p53, MDM2, Chk1/2, p38). Wip1 also dephosphorylates and inactivates RelA. Notably, LZAP, a putative tumor suppressor, has been linked to dephosphorylation of several of these substrates, including RelA, p38, Chk1, and Chk2. LZAP has no known catalytic activity or functional motifs, suggesting that it exerts its effects through interaction with other proteins. Here we show that LZAP binds Wip1 and stimulates its phosphatase activity. LZAP had been previously shown to bind many Wip1 substrates (RelA, p38, Chk1/2), and our results show that LZAP also binds the previously identified Wip1 substrate, MDM2. This work identifies 2 novel Wip1 substrates, ERK1 and HuR, and demonstrates that HuR is a binding partner of LZAP. Pleasingly, LZAP potentiated Wip1 catalytic activity toward each substrate tested, regardless of whether full-length substrates or phosphopeptides were utilized. Since this effect was observed on ERK1, which does not bind LZAP, as well as for each of 7 peptides tested, we hypothesize that LZAP binding to the substrate is not required for this effect and that LZAP directly binds Wip1 to augment its phosphatase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jacob Wamsley
- a Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- a Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Yale Cancer Center, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Hanbing An
- c Department of Surgery , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Xinyuan Lu
- d Department of Medicine , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Lawrence A Donehower
- e Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- a Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Yale Cancer Center, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,f Department of Pathology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang JB, Wang ZW, Li Y, Huang CQ, Zheng CH, Li P, Xie JW, Lin JX, Lu J, Chen QY, Cao LL, Lin M, Tu RH, Lin Y, Huang CM. CDK5RAP3 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer through inhibition of β-catenin signaling. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:188-197. [PMID: 27793695 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CDK5RAP3 was isolated as a binding protein of the Cdk5 activator p35. Although CDK5RAP3 has been implicated in cancer progression, its expression and function have not been investigated in gastric cancer. Our study demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of CDK5RAP3 were markedly decreased in gastric tumor tissues when compared with respective adjacent non-tumor tissues. CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer cells significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor xenograft growth through inhibition of β-catenin. Secondly, CDK5RAP3 was found to suppress the phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9), leading to the phosphorylation (Ser37/Thr41) and subsequent degradation of β-catenin. Lastly, the prognostic value of CDK5RAP3 for overall survival was found to be dependent on β-catenin cytoplasm/nucleus localization in human gastric cancer samples. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CDK5RAP3 negatively regulates the β-catenin signaling pathway by repressing GSK-3β phosphorylation and could be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodor J, Pan Q, Blencowe BJ, Eyras E, Cáceres JF. The RNA-binding profile of Acinus, a peripheral component of the exon junction complex, reveals its role in splicing regulation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:1411-26. [PMID: 27365209 PMCID: PMC4986896 DOI: 10.1261/rna.057158.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acinus (apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer in the nucleus) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) originally identified for its role in apoptosis. It was later found to be an auxiliary component of the exon junction complex (EJC), which is deposited at exon junctions as a consequence of pre-mRNA splicing. To uncover the cellular functions of Acinus and investigate its role in splicing, we mapped its endogenous RNA targets using the cross-linking immunoprecipitation protocol (iCLIP). We observed that Acinus binds to pre-mRNAs, associating specifically to a subset of suboptimal introns, but also to spliced mRNAs. We also confirmed the presence of Acinus as a peripheral factor of the EJC. RNA-seq was used to investigate changes in gene expression and alternative splicing following siRNA-mediated depletion of Acinus in HeLa cells. This analysis revealed that Acinus is preferentially required for the inclusion of specific alternative cassette exons and also controls the faithful splicing of a subset of introns. Moreover, a large number of splicing changes can be related to Acinus binding, suggesting a direct role of Acinus in exon and intron definition. In particular, Acinus regulates the splicing of DFFA/ICAD transcript, a major regulator of DNA fragmentation. Globally, the genome-wide identification of RNA targets of Acinus revealed its role in splicing regulation as well as its involvement in other cellular pathways, including cell cycle progression. Altogether, this study uncovers new cellular functions of an RBP transiently associated with the EJC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rodor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Qun Pan
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eduardo Eyras
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E08003, Barcelona, Spain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), E08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier F Cáceres
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jalan S, Kanhaiya K, Rai A, Bandapalli OR, Yadav A. Network Topologies Decoding Cervical Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135183. [PMID: 26308848 PMCID: PMC4550414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the GLOBOCAN statistics, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. It is found to be gradually increasing in the younger population, specifically in the developing countries. We analyzed the protein-protein interaction networks of the uterine cervix cells for the normal and disease states. It was found that the disease network was less random than the normal one, providing an insight into the change in complexity of the underlying network in disease state. The study also portrayed that, the disease state has faster signal processing as the diameter of the underlying network was very close to its corresponding random control. This may be a reason for the normal cells to change into malignant state. Further, the analysis revealed VEGFA and IL-6 proteins as the distinctly high degree nodes in the disease network, which are known to manifest a major contribution in promoting cervical cancer. Our analysis, being time proficient and cost effective, provides a direction for developing novel drugs, therapeutic targets and biomarkers by identifying specific interaction patterns, that have structural importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Jalan
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Krishna Kanhaiya
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Aparna Rai
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alok Yadav
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu X, Yarbrough WG. Negative regulation of RelA phosphorylation: emerging players and their roles in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:7-13. [PMID: 25438737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling contributes to human disease processes, notably inflammatory diseases and cancer. Many advances have been made in understanding mechanisms responsible for abnormal NF-κB activation with RelA post-translational modification, particularly phosphorylation, proven to be critical for RelA function. While the majority of studies have focused on identifying kinases responsible for NF-κB phosphorylation and pathway activation, recently progress has also been made in understanding the negative regulators important for restraining RelA activity. Here we summarize negative regulators of RelA phosphorylation, their targeting sites in RelA and biological functions through negative regulation of RelA activation. Finally, we emphasize the tumor suppressor-like roles that these negative regulators can assume in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The putative tumor suppressor C53 interacts with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase hTERT and regulates telomerase activity. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Zhang J, Sun Q, Bo J, Huang R, Zhang M, Xia Z, Ju L, Xiang G. Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWNH) aggregates inhibited proliferation of human liver cell lines and promoted apoptosis, especially for hepatoma cell lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:759-73. [PMID: 24523586 PMCID: PMC3921087 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) may be useful as carriers for anticancer drugs due to their particular structure. However, the interactions between the material itself and cancerous or normal cells have seldom been studied. To address this problem, the effects of raw SWNH material on the biological functions of human liver cell lines were studied. Our results showed that unmodified SWNHs inhibited mitotic entry, growth, and proliferation of human liver cell lines and promoted their apoptosis, especially in hepatoma cell lines. Individual spherical SWNH particles were found inside the nuclei of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and the lysosomes of normal human liver L02 cells, implying that SWNH particles could penetrate into human liver cells_and the different interacted mechanisms on human normal cell lines compared to hepatoma cell lines. Further research on the mechanisms and application in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with SWNHs is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqian Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bo
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ju
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Collado-Romero M, Alós E, Prieto P. Unravelling the proteomic profile of rice meiocytes during early meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:356. [PMID: 25104955 PMCID: PMC4109522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of genetic traits from wild or related species into cultivated rice is nowadays an important aim in rice breeding. Breeders use genetic crosses to introduce desirable genes from exotic germplasms into cultivated rice varieties. However, in many hybrids there is only a low level of pairing (if existing) and recombination at early meiosis between cultivated rice and wild relative chromosomes. With the objective of getting deeper into the knowledge of the proteins involved in early meiosis, when chromosomes associate correctly in pairs and recombine, the proteome of isolated rice meiocytes has been characterized by nLC-MS/MS at every stage of early meiosis (prophase I). Up to 1316 different proteins have been identified in rice isolated meiocytes in early meiosis, being 422 exclusively identified in early prophase I (leptotene, zygotene, or pachytene). The classification of proteins in functional groups showed that 167 were related to chromatin structure and remodeling, nucleic acid binding, cell-cycle regulation, and cytoskeleton. Moreover, the putative roles of 16 proteins which have not been previously associated to meiosis or were not identified in rice before, are also discussed namely: seven proteins involved in chromosome structure and remodeling, five regulatory proteins [such as SKP1 (OSK), a putative CDK2 like effector], a protein with RNA recognition motifs, a neddylation-related protein, and two microtubule-related proteins. Revealing the proteins involved in early meiotic processes could provide a valuable tool kit to manipulate chromosome associations during meiosis in rice breeding programs. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with the PXD001058 identifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pilar Prieto
- *Correspondence: Pilar Prieto, Plant Breeding Department, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus Alameda del Obispo, Apartado 4084, Córdoba 14080, Spain e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bharadwaj M, Roy G, Dutta K, Misbah M, Husain M, Hussain S. Tackling hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma--the future is now. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:229-68. [PMID: 23114844 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and prevalent cancers in many developing countries including India. Among the various etiological factors being implicated in the cause of HCC, the most important cause, however, is hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Among all HBV genes, HBx is the most critical carcinogenic component, the molecular mechanisms of which have not been completely elucidated. Despite its clinical significance, there exists a very elemental understanding of the molecular, cellular, and environmental mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis in HCC infected with HBV. Furthermore, there are only limited therapeutic options, the clinical benefits of which are insignificant. Therefore, the quest for novel and effective therapeutic regimen against HBV-related HCC is of paramount importance. This review attempts to epitomize the current state of knowledge of this most common and dreaded liver neoplasm, highlighting the putative treatment avenues and therapeutic research strategies that need to be implemented with immediate effect for tackling HBV-related HCC that has plagued the medical and scientific fraternity for decades. Additionally, this review proposes a novel "five-point" management algorithm for HBV-related HCC apart from portraying the unmet needs, principal challenges, and scientific perspectives that are relevant to controlling this accelerating global health crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shetty GA, Hattiangady B, Shetty AK. Neural stem cell- and neurogenesis-related gene expression profiles in the young and aged dentate gyrus. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2165-2176. [PMID: 23322452 PMCID: PMC3824978 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis, important for memory and mood function, wanes greatly in old age. Studies in rat models have implied that this decrease is not due to loss of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) but rather due to an increased quiescence of NSCs. Additional studies have suggested that changes in the microenvironment, particularly declines in the concentrations of neurotrophic factors, underlie this change. In this study, we compared the expression of 84 genes that are important for NSC proliferation and neurogenesis between the DG of young (4 months old) and aged (24 months old) Fischer 344 rats, using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction array. Interestingly, the expression of a vast majority of genes that have been reported previously to positively or negatively regulate NSC proliferation was unaltered with aging. Furthermore, most genes important for cell cycle arrest, regulation of cell differentiation, growth factors and cytokine levels, synaptic functions, apoptosis, cell adhesion and cell signaling, and regulation of transcription displayed stable expression in the DG with aging. The exceptions included increased expression of genes important for NSC proliferation and neurogenesis (Stat3 and Shh), DNA damage response and NF-kappaB signaling (Cdk5rap3), neuromodulation (Adora1), and decreased expression of a gene important for neuronal differentiation (HeyL). Thus, age-related decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis is not associated with a decline in the expression of selected genes important for NSC proliferation and neurogenesis in the DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha A. Shetty
- />Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Road, Module C, Temple, 76502 TX USA
- />Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, CTVHCS, Temple, TX USA
- />Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX USA
| | - Bharathi Hattiangady
- />Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Road, Module C, Temple, 76502 TX USA
- />Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, CTVHCS, Temple, TX USA
- />Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX USA
- />Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
- />Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- />Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, 5701 Airport Road, Module C, Temple, 76502 TX USA
- />Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, CTVHCS, Temple, TX USA
- />Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX USA
- />Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
- />Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Caspase-mediated cleavage of C53/LZAP protein causes abnormal microtubule bundling and rupture of the nuclear envelope. Cell Res 2013; 23:691-704. [PMID: 23478299 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic nucleus undergoes distinct morphological and biochemical changes including nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, which are attributed to caspase-mediated cleavage of several nuclear substrates such as lamins. As most of active caspases reside in the cytoplasm, disruption of the nuclear-cytoplasmic barrier is essential for caspases to reach their nuclear targets. The prevailing proposed mechanism is that the increase in the permeability of nuclear pores induced by caspases allows the caspases and other apoptotic factors to diffuse into the nucleus, thereby resulting in the nuclear destruction. Here, we report a novel observation that physical rupture of the nuclear envelope (NE) occurs in the early stage of apoptosis. We found that the NE rupture was caused by caspase-mediated cleavage of C53/LZAP, a protein that has been implicated in various signaling pathways, including NF-κB signaling and DNA damage response, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis. We also demonstrated that C53/LZAP bound indirectly to the microtubule (MT), and expression of the C53/LZAP cleavage product caused abnormal MT bundling and NE rupture. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel role of C53/LZAP in the regulation of MT dynamics and NE structure during apoptotic cell death. Our study may provide an additional mechanism for disruption of the nuclear-cytoplasmic barrier during apoptosis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang L, Gao Y, Yan F, Tang J. Evaluation of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 expression in breast cancer tissues and its regulation in cancer cell growth. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:392-8. [PMID: 22804458 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 (CDKL1) is a member of cell division control protein 2 (CDC2)-related serine-threonine protein kinase family, and it is likely to occur in malignant tumors, plays an important impact on the progress. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CDKL1 in breast cancer and regulation in cancer cell growth. In the work, the CDKL1 mRNA level in fresh biopsy tissues from 186 breast cancer patients, with 98 benign tissues as negative control, and CDKL1 protein in 30 paraffin-embedded tissues from primary breast cancer patients were detected by the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. The roles of CDKL1 in cell growth were analyzed with CDKL1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) inhibitor-transfected cells. CDKL1 was overexpressed in breast cancer patients and had a positive detection efficiency of 77% (144/186), which showed statistically significant difference compared with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), P53, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and E-cadherin (E-cad) (p<0.05). Inhibiting CDKL1 function with shRNA, MCF-7 cells exhibited obvious accumulation at the G2/M phase and increased sensitivity to cell cycle chemotherapeutic drugs. The results suggested that the CDKL1 gene could be a potential tumor marker for diagnosis and a gene target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hořejší B, Vinopal S, Sládková V, Dráberová E, Sulimenko V, Sulimenko T, Vosecká V, Philimonenko A, Hozák P, Katsetos CD, Dráber P. Nuclear γ-tubulin associates with nucleoli and interacts with tumor suppressor protein C53. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:367-82. [PMID: 21465471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
γ-Tubulin is assumed to be a typical cytosolic protein necessary for nucleation of microtubules from microtubule organizing centers. Using immunolocalization and cell fractionation techniques in combination with siRNAi and expression of FLAG-tagged constructs, we have obtained evidence that γ-tubulin is also present in nucleoli of mammalian interphase cells of diverse cellular origins. Immunoelectron microscopy has revealed γ-tubulin localization outside fibrillar centers where transcription of ribosomal DNA takes place. γ-Tubulin was associated with nucleolar remnants after nuclear envelope breakdown and could be translocated to nucleoli during mitosis. Pretreatment of cells with leptomycin B did not affect the distribution of nuclear γ-tubulin, making it unlikely that rapid active transport via nuclear pores participates in the transport of γ-tubulin into the nucleus. This finding was confirmed by heterokaryon assay and time-lapse imaging of photoconvertible protein Dendra2 tagged to γ-tubulin. Immunoprecipitation from nuclear extracts combined with mass spectrometry revealed an association of γ-tubulin with tumor suppressor protein C53 located at multiple subcellular compartments including nucleoli. The notion of an interaction between γ-tubulin and C53 was corroborated by pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Overexpression of γ-tubulin antagonized the inhibitory effect of C53 on DNA damage G(2) /M checkpoint activation. The combined results indicate that aside from its known role in microtubule nucleation, γ-tubulin may also have nuclear-specific function(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Hořejší
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao JJ, Pan K, Li JJ, Chen YB, Chen JG, Lv L, Wang DD, Pan QZ, Chen MS, Xia JC. Identification of LZAP as a new candidate tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26608. [PMID: 22028922 PMCID: PMC3197520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LZAP was isolated as a binding protein of the Cdk5 activator p35. LZAP has been highly conserved during evolution and has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate LZAP expression and its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Meanwhile, the function of LZAP in hepatocarcinogenesis was further investigated in cell culture models and mouse models. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to explore LZAP expression in HCC cell lines and primary HCC clinical specimens. The functions of LZAP in the proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HCC cell lines were also analyzed by infecting cells with an adenovirus containing full-length LZAP. The effect of LZAP on tumorigenicity in nude mice was also investigated. Results LZAP expression was significantly decreased in the tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. Clinicopathological analysis showed that LZAP expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, histopathological classification and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP). The Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that decreasing LZAP expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. LZAP expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall HCC patient survival in a multivariate analysis. The re-introduction of LZAP expression in the HepG2 and sk-Hep1 HCC cell lines significantly inhibited proliferation and colony formation in the HCC cells and induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis of the HCC cells in vitro. Restoring LZAP expression in the HCC cell lines also inhibited migration and invasion. In addition, experiments with a mouse model revealed that LZAP overexpression could suppress HCC tumorigenicity in vivo. Conclusions Our data suggest that LZAP may play an important role in HCC progression and could be a potential molecular therapy target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-gao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kraemer N, Issa L, Hauck SCR, Mani S, Ninnemann O, Kaindl AM. What's the hype about CDK5RAP2? Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1719-36. [PMID: 21327915 PMCID: PMC11115181 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) has gained attention in the last years following the discovery, in 2005, that recessive mutations cause primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. This disease is seen as an isolated developmental defect of the brain, particularly of the cerebral cortex, and was thus historically also referred to as microcephalia vera. Unraveling the pathomechanisms leading to this human disease is fascinating scientists because it can convey insight into basic mechanisms of physiologic brain development (particularly of cortex formation). It also finds itself in the spotlight because of its implication in trends in mammalian evolution with a massive increase in the size of the cerebral cortex in primates. Here, we provide a timely overview of the current knowledge on the function of CDK5RAP2 and mechanisms that might lead to disease in humans when the function of this protein is disturbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kraemer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Issa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie C. R. Hauck
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shyamala Mani
- Center for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012 India
| | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Anatomy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu D, Wang WD, Melville DB, Cha YI, Yin Z, Issaeva N, Knapik EW, Yarbrough WG. Tumor suppressor Lzap regulates cell cycle progression, doming, and zebrafish epiboly. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1613-25. [PMID: 21523853 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial stages of embryonic development rely on rapid, synchronized cell divisions of the fertilized egg followed by a set of morphogenetic movements collectively called epiboly and gastrulation. Lzap is a putative tumor suppressor whose expression is lost in 30% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Lzap activities include regulation of cell cycle progression and response to therapeutic agents. Here, we explore developmental roles of the lzap gene during zebrafish morphogenesis. Lzap is highly conserved among vertebrates and is maternally deposited. Expression is initially ubiquitous during gastrulation, and later becomes more prominent in the pharyngeal arches, digestive tract, and brain. Antisense morpholino-mediated depletion of Lzap resulted in delayed cell divisions and apoptosis during blastomere formation, resulting in fewer, larger cells. Cell cycle analysis suggested that Lzap loss in early embryonic cells resulted in a G2/M arrest. Furthermore, the Lzap-deficient embryos failed to initiate epiboly--the earliest morphogenetic movement in animal development--which has been shown to be dependent on cell adhesion and migration of epithelial sheets. Our results strongly implicate Lzap in regulation of cell cycle progression, adhesion and migratory activity of epithelial cell sheets during early development. These functions provide further insight into Lzap activity that may contribute not only to development, but also to tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
An H, Lu X, Liu D, Yarbrough WG. LZAP inhibits p38 MAPK (p38) phosphorylation and activity by facilitating p38 association with the wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1). PLoS One 2011; 6:e16427. [PMID: 21283629 PMCID: PMC3026010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
LZAP (Cdk5rap3, C53) is a putative tumor suppressor that inhibits RelA, Chk1 and Chk2 and activates p53. LZAP is lost in a portion of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and experimental loss of LZAP expression is associated with enhanced invasion, xenograft tumor growth and angiogenesis. p38 MAPK can increase or decrease proliferation and cell death depending on cellular context. LZAP has no known enzymatic activity, implying that its biological functions are likely mediated by its protein-protein interactions. To gain further insight into LZAP activities, we searched for LZAP-associated proteins (LAPs). Here we show that the LZAP binds p38, alters p38 cellular localization, and inhibits basal and cytokine-stimulated p38 activity. Expression of LZAP inhibits p38 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent fashion while loss of LZAP enhances phosphorylation and activation with resultant phosphorylation of p38 downstream targets. Mechanistically, the ability of LZAP to alter p38 phosphorylation depended, at least partially, on the p38 phosphatase, Wip1. Expression of LZAP increased both LZAP and Wip1 binding to p38. Taken together, these data suggest that LZAP activity includes inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xinyuan Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wendell G. Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu J, Lei G, Mei M, Tang Y, Li H. A novel C53/LZAP-interacting protein regulates stability of C53/LZAP and DDRGK domain-containing Protein 1 (DDRGK1) and modulates NF-kappaB signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15126-15136. [PMID: 20228063 PMCID: PMC2865345 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C53/LZAP (also named as Cdk5rap3) is a putative tumor suppressor that plays important roles in multiple cell signaling pathways, including DNA damage response and NF-kappaB signaling. Yet how its function is regulated remains largely unclear. Here we report the isolation and characterization of two novel C53/LZAP-interacting proteins, RCAD (Regulator of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1) and DDRGK1 (DDRGK domain-containing protein 1). Our co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed their interactions, while gel filtration assay indicated that C53/LZAP and RCAD may form a large protein complex. Intriguingly, we found that RCAD knockdown led to dramatic reduction of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 proteins. We also found that C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 became more susceptible to the proteasome-mediated degradation in RCAD knockdown cells, whereas their ubiquitination was significantly attenuated by RCAD overexpression. In addition, we found that RCAD, like C53/LZAP, also plays an important role in regulation of NF-kappaB signaling and cell invasion. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that RCAD is a novel regulator of C53/LZAP tumor suppressor and NF-kappaB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Wu
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Guohua Lei
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Mei Mei
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Yi Tang
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Honglin Li
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kwon J, Cho HJ, Han SH, No JG, Kwon JY, Kim H. A novel LZAP-binding protein, NLBP, inhibits cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12232-40. [PMID: 20164180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.065920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LXXLL/leucine zipper-containing alternative reading frame (ARF)-binding protein (LZAP) was recently shown to function as a tumor suppressor through inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. LZAP is also known as a negative regulator of cell invasion, and its expression was demonstrated to be reduced in several tumor tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of the negative effect of LZAP on cell invasion is unclear. In this study, we identify NLBP as a novel LZAP-binding protein using tandem affinity purification. We demonstrate the negative effects of NLBP on cell invasion and the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. NLBP expression was not detected in hepatocellular carcinoma cells with strong invasive activity, whereas its expression was detected in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with no invasive activity. We also demonstrate that these two proteins mutually affect the stability of each other by inhibiting ubiquitination of the other protein. Based on these results, we suggest that NLBP may act as a novel tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell invasion, blocking NF-kappaB signaling, and increasing stability of the LZAP protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhye Kwon
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhuo ML, Huang Y, Chen JZ, Sun LH, Yang RF, Chen HZ, Lv X, Li HL, Wei YS, Liu G, Zhang R, Ma TM, Cai H, Hui RT, Liu DP, Liang CC. Endothelium-specific overexpression of human IC53 downregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and elevates systolic blood pressure in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:292-9. [PMID: 19541669 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial cells (ECs) exert important functions in the regulation of blood pressure. A novel gene, IC53, as an isoform of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-binding protein gene C53, is mainly expressed in vascular ECs and is upregulated in the failing heart of rats. Overexpression of IC53 promotes proliferation of ECs. To examine whether IC53 plays a role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure, we constructed a transgenic (tg) mouse model of the IC53 gene and studied its phenotypes relevant to vascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS IC53 cDNA was cloned from a human aorta cDNA library. Using the endothelium-specific VE-cadherin promoter, we constructed tg mice in which IC53 was specifically overexpressed in vascular endothelia and found that the tg mice exhibit elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) in contrast to the wild-type (wt) controls. Further studies revealed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and decreased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, and activity in the tg mice. Inhibition of IC53 in human umbilical vein ECs induces upregulation of eNOS activity. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that IC53 participates in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Endothelium-specific overexpression of IC53 is associated with elevated SBP, which may be in part attributed to the downregulation of eNOS signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Zhuo
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|