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Chen J, Li C, Sheng Y, Zhang J, Pang L, Dong Z, Wu Z, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Guan X, Chen X, Huang J. Communication between the stem cell niche and an adjacent differentiation niche through miRNA and EGFR signaling orchestrates exit from the stem cell state in the Drosophila ovary. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002515. [PMID: 38512963 PMCID: PMC10986965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The signaling environment, or niche, often governs the initial difference in behavior of an adult stem cell and a derivative that initiates a path towards differentiation. The transition between an instructive stem cell niche and differentiation niche must generally have single-cell resolution, suggesting that multiple mechanisms might be necessary to sharpen the transition. Here, we examined the Drosophila ovary and found that Cap cells, which are key constituents of the germline stem cell (GSC) niche, express a conserved microRNA (miR-124). Surprisingly, loss of miR-124 activity in Cap cells leads to a defect in differentiation of GSC derivatives. We present evidence that the direct functional target of miR-124 in Cap cells is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and that failure to limit EGFR expression leads to the ectopic expression of a key anti-differentiation BMP signal in neighboring somatic escort cells (ECs), which constitute a differentiation niche. We further found that Notch signaling connects EFGR activity in Cap cells to BMP expression in ECs. We deduce that the stem cell niche communicates with the differentiation niche through a mechanism that begins with the selective expression of a specific microRNA and culminates in the suppression of the major anti-differentiation signal in neighboring cells, with the functionally important overall role of sharpening the spatial distinction between self-renewal and differentiation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaosqun Li
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Zhu M, Xu M, Zhang J, Zheng C. The role of Hippo pathway in ovarian development. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198873. [PMID: 37334049 PMCID: PMC10275494 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The follicle is the functional unit of the ovary, whereby ovarian development is largely dependent on the development of the follicles themselves. The activation, growth, and progression of follicles are modulated by a diverse range of factors, including reproductive endocrine system and multiple signaling pathways. The Hippo pathway exhibits a high degree of evolutionary conservation between both Drosophila and mammalian systems, and is recognized for its pivotal role in regulating cellular proliferation, control of organ size, and embryonic development. During the process of follicle development, the components of the Hippo pathway show temporal and spatial variations. Recent clinical studies have shown that ovarian fragmentation can activate follicles. The mechanism is that the mechanical signal of cutting triggers actin polymerization. This process leads to the disruption of the Hippo pathway and subsequently induces the upregulation of downstream CCN and apoptosis inhibitors, thereby promoting follicle development. Thus, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in both the activation and development of follicles. In this article, we focused on the development and atresia of follicles and the function of Hippo pathway in these processes. Additionally, the physiological effects of Hippo pathway in follicle activation are also explored.
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3
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Tang C, Wang J, Yao M, Ji X, Shi W, Xu C, Zeng LH, Wu X. Hippo signaling activates hedgehog signaling by Taz-driven Gli3 processing. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 36720733 PMCID: PMC9889595 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The overlapping roles of Hippo and Hedgehog signaling in biological functions and diseases prompt us to investigate their potential interactions. Activation of Hippo signaling enhances the transcriptional output of Hedgehog signaling, and the role of Hippo signaling in regulating Hedgehog signaling relies on the Hippo pathway key effector, Taz. Interestingly, Taz exhibits a gradient expression across the posterior-to-anterior of limb bud mesoderms, similar to Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Importantly, Taz drives PKA to phosphorylate Gli3, resulting in the Gli3 processing into its repressor and attenuation of Hedgehog signaling in the Shh-independent manner. Specifically, Taz deletion in mouse embryonic limb bud mesenchyme not only enhances the Hedgehog signaling but partially restores the phenotypes from Shh deletion in causing severe defects of anteroposterior patterning and digit number and identity. Together, these results uncover Taz-dependent Gli3 processing as a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism controlling Hedgehog signaling, highlighting its cross-regulation by Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052 China
| | - Jirong Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Minli Yao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xing Ji
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Wei Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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4
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MacDonald JA, Woods DC, Tilly JL. Biomechanical Strain Promotes the Differentiation of Murine Oogonial Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:749-757. [PMID: 34036812 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells within tissues are routinely subjected to physiological stress and strain, arising from direct interactions with neighboring cells as well as with extracellular matrix components. Accordingly, there is tremendous interest in deciphering how cells sense, and respond to, changes in biomechanical forces. In this study, we explored the effects of mechanostimulation on the differentiation of mouse female germline or oogonial stem cells (OSCs) as a model for adult stem cell function. We report that increasing levels, or repeated application of a subthreshold fixed level, of radial strain to OSCs in culture significantly increased rates of in vitro oocyte formation as a measure of stem cell differentiation. These responses involved changes in F-actin-mediated cytoskeletal tension as well as in activation of intracellular signaling by Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation. In addition, application of mechanical strain to OSCs enhanced association of YAP with muscle-specific cytidine-adenosine-thymidine (MCAT) response elements in the promoter stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8), the transcriptional activation of which is required for germline meiotic commitment. These data indicate that biomechanical strain directly promotes the differentiation of adult female germline stem cells through a signaling pathway involving F-actin, ROCK, YAP, and Stra8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A MacDonald
- Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dori C Woods
- Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan L Tilly
- Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Waters CD, Clemento A, Aykanat T, Garza JC, Naish KA, Narum S, Primmer CR. Heterogeneous genetic basis of age at maturity in salmonid fishes. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1435-1456. [PMID: 33527498 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of repeated evolution of the same phenotype across taxa is a fundamental aim in evolutionary biology and has applications in conservation and management. However, the extent to which interspecific life-history trait polymorphisms share evolutionary pathways remains underexplored. Here, we address this gap by studying the genetic basis of a key life-history trait, age at maturity, in four species of Pacific salmonids (genus Oncorhynchus) that exhibit intra- and interspecific variation in this trait-Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, and Steelhead Trout. We tested for associations in all four species between age at maturity and two genome regions, six6 and vgll3, that are strongly associated with the same trait in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). We also conducted a genome-wide association analysis in Steelhead to assess whether additional regions were associated with this trait. We found the genetic basis of age at maturity to be heterogeneous across salmonid species. Significant associations between six6 and age at maturity were observed in two of the four species, Sockeye and Steelhead, with the association in Steelhead being particularly strong in both sexes (p = 4.46 × 10-9 after adjusting for genomic inflation). However, no significant associations were detected between age at maturity and the vgll3 genome region in any of the species, despite its strong association with the same trait in Atlantic Salmon. We discuss possible explanations for the heterogeneous nature of the genetic architecture of this key life-history trait, as well as the implications of our findings for conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Waters
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony Clemento
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Santa Cruz Laboratory, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Tutku Aykanat
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Carlos Garza
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Santa Cruz Laboratory, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Kerry A Naish
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shawn Narum
- Hagerman Genetics Laboratory, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Hagerman, ID, USA
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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A Progressive Somatic Cell Niche Regulates Germline Cyst Differentiation in the Drosophila Ovary. Curr Biol 2021; 31:840-852.e5. [PMID: 33340458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the germarium of the Drosophila ovary, developing germline cysts are surrounded by a population of somatic escort cells that are known to function as the niche cells for germline differentiation;1 however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this niche function remain poorly understood. Through single-cell gene expression profiling combined with genetic analyses, we here demonstrate that the escort cells can be spatially and functionally divided into two successive domains. The anterior escort cells (aECs) specifically produce ecdysone, which acts on the cystoblast to promote synchronous cell division, whereas the posterior escort cells (pECs) respond to ecdysone signaling and regulate soma-germline cell adhesion to promote the transition from 16-cell cyst-to-egg chamber formation. The patterning of the aEC and pEC domains is independent of the germline but is dependent on JAK/STAT signaling activity, which emanates from the posterior. Thus, a heterogeneous population of escort cells constitutes a stepwise niche environment to orchestrate cystoblast division and differentiation toward egg chamber formation.
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7
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Cui D, Liu Y, Ma J, Lin K, Xu K, Lin J. Identification of key genes and pathways in endometriosis by integrated expression profiles analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10171. [PMID: 33354413 PMCID: PMC7727381 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to integrate the existing expression profile data on endometriosis (EM)-related tissues in order to identify the differentially expressed genes. In this study, three series of raw expression data were downloaded from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three tissue types were screened. GO, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, core differential genes (CDGs) protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed, finally, the dysregulation of Hippo pathway in ectopic endometrium (EC) was detected by Western blotting. A total of 1,811 DEGs between eutopic (EU) and normal endometrium (NE), 5,947 DEGs between EC and EU, and 3,192 DEGs between EC and NE datasets were identified. After screening, 394 CDGs were obtained, and 5 hub genes identified in the PPI network. CDGs enrichment and WGCNA network analysis revealed cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and other biological processes, Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways, and a variety of tumor-related pathways. Western blotting results showed that YAP/TAZ was upregulated, and MOB1, pMOB1, SAV1, LATS1 and LATS2 were downregulated in EC. Moreover, CDGs, especially the hub genes, are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Finally, the Hippo pathway might play a key role in the development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Cui
- Department of Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Ma
- Department of Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqing Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Tu R, Duan B, Song X, Xie T. Dlp-mediated Hh and Wnt signaling interdependence is critical in the niche for germline stem cell progeny differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0480. [PMID: 32426496 PMCID: PMC7220319 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple signaling pathways work synergistically in various niches to control stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, it remains poorly understood how they cooperate with one another molecularly. In the Drosophila ovary, Hh and Wnt pathways function in the niche to promote germline stem cell (GSC) progeny differentiation. Here, we show that glypican Dlp-mediated Hh and Wnt signaling interdependence operates in the niche to promote GSC progeny differentiation by preventing BMP signaling. Hh/Wnt-mediated dlp repression is essential for their signaling interdependence in niche cells and for GSC progeny differentiation by preventing BMP signaling. Mechanistically, Hh and Wnt downstream transcription factors directly bind to the same dlp regulatory region and recruit corepressors composed of transcription factor Croc and Egg/H3K9 trimethylase to repress Dlp expression. Therefore, our study reveals a novel mechanism for Hh/Wnt signaling-mediated direct dlp repression and a novel regulatory mechanism for Dlp-mediated Hh/Wnt signaling interdependence in the GSC differentiation niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Tu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Bo Duan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ting Xie
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Zhang H, Cai Y. Signal transduction pathways regulating Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 37:1-7. [PMID: 31726320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila female germline stem cells (GSCs) serve as one of the best understood stem cell types. GSCs reside in a special microenvironment, the stem cell niche, and their activity is tightly regulated by niche-derived signals. In addition to the stemness-promoting signaling molecules, the niche also generates other signaling molecules that regulate GSC differentiation. Recent studies are beginning to appreciate the intricate interactions among these signaling molecules in the niche and their effects on GSC behaviour. This review summarizes recent advances to demonstrate how the niche functions as a signaling hub to integrate these niche-derived local signals as well as other organ-produced systemic signals to control GSC self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
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10
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Wang D, He J, Dong J, Meyer TF, Xu T. The HIPPO pathway in gynecological malignancies. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:610-629. [PMID: 32195031 PMCID: PMC7061741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway has been initially discovered by screening genes that regulate organ size in Drosophila. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the Hippo pathway in controlling organ size, tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and signaling dysregulation, especially the overactivation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ, which leads to uncontrolled cell growth and malignant transformation. The core components of the Hippo pathway may initiate tumorigenesis by inducing tumor stem cells and proliferation, ultimately leading to metastasis and drug resistance, which occurs extensively in gynecological malignancies, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize recent progress in our understanding of the mechanism of Hippo pathway regulation in tumorigenesis and the mechanisms that underlie alterations during gynecological malignancies, as well as new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Junxue Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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11
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Drummond-Barbosa D. Local and Physiological Control of Germline Stem Cell Lineages in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2019; 213:9-26. [PMID: 31488592 PMCID: PMC6727809 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term survival of any multicellular species depends on the success of its germline in producing high-quality gametes and maximizing survival of the offspring. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster have led our growing understanding of how germline stem cell (GSC) lineages maintain their function and adjust their behavior according to varying environmental and/or physiological conditions. This review compares and contrasts the local regulation of GSCs by their specialized microenvironments, or niches; discusses how diet and diet-dependent factors, mating, and microorganisms modulate GSCs and their developing progeny; and briefly describes the tie between physiology and development during the larval phase of the germline cycle. Finally, it concludes with broad comparisons with other organisms and some future directions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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12
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Li M, Hu X, Zhang S, Ho MS, Wu G, Zhang L. Traffic jam regulates the function of the ovarian germline stem cell progeny differentiation niche during pre-adult stage in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10124. [PMID: 31300663 PMCID: PMC6626045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell self-renewal and the daughter cell differentiation are tightly regulated by the respective niches, which produce extrinsic cues to support the proper development. In Drosophila ovary, Dpp is secreted from germline stem cell (GSC) niche and activates the BMP signaling in GSCs for their self-renewal. Escort cells (ECs) in differentiation niche restrict Dpp outside the GSC niche and extend protrusions to help with proper differentiation of the GSC daughter cells. Here we provide evidence that loss of large Maf transcriptional factor Traffic jam (Tj) blocks GSC progeny differentiation. Spatio-temporal specific knockdown experiments indicate that Tj is required in pre-adult EC lineage for germline differentiation control. Further molecular and genetic analyses suggest that the defective germline differentiation caused by tj-depletion is partly attributed to the elevated dpp in the differentiation niche. Moreover, our study reveals that tj-depletion induces ectopic En expression outside the GSC niche, which contributes to the upregulated dpp expression in ECs as well as GSC progeny differentiation defect. Alternatively, loss of EC protrusions and decreased EC number elicited by tj-depletion may also partially contribute to the germline differentiation defect. Collectively, our findings suggest that Tj in ECs regulates germline differentiation by controlling the differentiation niche characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Margaret S Ho
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Geng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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13
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Mao Y, Tu R, Huang Y, Mao D, Yang Z, Lau PK, Wang J, Ni J, Guo Y, Xie T. The exocyst functions in niche cells to promote germline stem cell differentiation by directly controlling EGFR membrane trafficking. Development 2019; 146:dev.174615. [PMID: 31142545 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The niche controls stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in animal tissues. Although the exocyst is known to be important for protein membrane trafficking and secretion, its role in stem cells and niches has never been reported. Here, this study shows that the exocyst functions in the niche to promote germline stem cell (GSC) progeny differentiation in the Drosophila ovary by directly regulating EGFR membrane trafficking and signaling. Inactivation of exocyst components in inner germarial sheath cells, which form the differentiation niche, causes a severe GSC differentiation defect. The exocyst is required for maintaining niche cells and preventing BMP signaling in GSC progeny by promoting EGFR membrane targeting and signaling through direct association with EGFR. Finally, it is also required for EGFR membrane targeting, recycling and signaling in human cells. Therefore, this study reveals a novel function of the exocyst in niche cells to promote stem cell progeny differentiation by directly controlling EGFR membrane trafficking and signaling in vivo, and also provides important insight into how the niche controls stem cell progeny differentiation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mao
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Renjun Tu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Decai Mao
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pik Ki Lau
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianquan Ni
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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14
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Zhao P, Wu J, Lu F, Peng X, Liu C, Zhou N, Ying M. The imbalance in the complement system and its possible physiological mechanisms in patients with lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:201. [PMID: 30841875 PMCID: PMC6404310 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical and experimental evidences for complement-cancer relationships are solid, whereas an epidemiological study reporting the imbalance of complement system in patients is still lacking. METHODS Using publicly available databases, we jointly compared the levels of complement components in plasma and lung cancer tissues. With iTRAQ proteomics, quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, we analysed the differences in complement levels in lung cancer tissues and normal control tissues. Complement components are mainly synthesized by the liver and secreted into the blood. Using paired co-cultures of human normal QSG-7701 hepatocytes with lung cancer cells (A549, LTEP-α-2 or NCI-H1703) or human normal bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, we examined the effects of lung cancer cells on complement synthesis and secretion in QSG-7701 hepatocytes. RESULTS An integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome datasets from 43 previous studies revealed lower mRNA and protein levels of 25 complement and complement-related components in lung cancer tissues than those in normal control tissues; conversely, higher levels of complement proteins were detected in plasma from patients than those in healthy subjects. Our iTRAQ proteome study identified decreased and increased levels of 31 and 2 complement and complement-related proteins, respectively, in lung cancer tissues, of which the reduced levels of 10 components were further confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Paired co-cultures of QSG-7701 hepatocytes with A549, LTEP-α-2, NCI-H1703 or HBE cells indicated that lung cancer cells increased complement synthesis and secretion in QSG-7701 cells compared to HBE cells. CONCLUSIONS The opposite associations between the levels of complement and complement-related components in lung cancer tissues and plasma from patients that have been repeatedly reported by independent publications may indicate the prevalence of an imbalance in the complement system of lung cancer patients. The possible mechanism of the imbalance may be associated not only with the decreased complement levels in lung cancer tissues but also the concurrent lung cancer tissue-induced increase in hepatocyte complement synthesis and plasma secretion in patients. And the imbalance should be accompanied by a suppression of complement-dependent immunity in lung cancer tissues coupled with a burden of complement immunity in the circulation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiteng Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlin Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanjin Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Bayi Road 603, Nanchang, 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Muying Ying
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Bayi Road 603, Nanchang, 330006 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Gao Y, Mao Y, Xu RG, Zhu R, Zhang M, Sun J, Shen D, Peng P, Xie T, Ni JQ. Defining gene networks controlling the maintenance and function of the differentiation niche by an in vivo systematic RNAi screen. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:19-30. [PMID: 30745214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the Drosophila ovary, escort cells (ECs) extrinsically control germline stem cell (GSC) maintenance and progeny differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified 173 EC genes for their roles in controlling GSC maintenance and progeny differentiation by using an in vivo systematic RNAi approach. Of the identified genes, 10 and 163 are required in ECs to promote GSC maintenance and progeny differentiation, respectively. The genes required for progeny differentiation fall into different functional categories, including transcription, mRNA splicing, protein degradation, signal transduction and cytoskeleton regulation. In addition, the GSC progeny differentiation defects caused by defective ECs are often associated with BMP signaling elevation, indicating that preventing BMP signaling is a general functional feature of the differentiation niche. Lastly, exon junction complex (EJC) components, which are essential for mRNA splicing, are required in ECs to promote GSC progeny differentiation by maintaining ECs and preventing BMP signaling. Therefore, this study has identified the major regulators of the differentiation niche, which provides important insights into how stem cell progeny differentiation is extrinsically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Mao
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rong-Gang Xu
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruibao Zhu
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin Sun
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Da Shen
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Peng
- PKU-THU Joint Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
| | - Jian-Quan Ni
- Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsingdao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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16
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Usp7 regulates Hippo pathway through deubiquitinating the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie. Nat Commun 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 30679505 PMCID: PMC6345853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in organ development and adult tissue homeostasis, and its deregulation has been implicated in many cancers. The Hippo signaling relies on a core kinase cascade culminating in phosphorylation of the transcription coactivator Yorkie (Yki). Although Yki is the key effector of Hippo pathway, the regulation of its protein stability is still unclear. Here, we show that Hippo pathway attenuates the binding of a ubiquitin-specific protease Usp7 to Yki, which regulates Hippo signaling through deubiquitinating Yki. Furthermore, the mammalian homolog of Usp7, HAUSP plays a conserved role in regulating Hippo pathway by modulating Yap ubiquitination and degradation. Finally, we find that the expression of HAUSP is positively correlated with that of Yap, both showing upregulated levels in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. In summary, our findings demonstrate that Yki/Yap is stabilized by Usp7/HAUSP, and provide HAUSP as a potential therapeutic target for HCC. Hippo signaling leads to the phosphorylation of the key transcriptional effector, Yap/Yki, although how Yap/Yki stability is regulated has remained unclear. Here, Sun et al. identify HAUSP/Usp7 as a conserved and clinically relevant regulator of the Hippo pathway that increases Yap/Yki stability.
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17
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Cheng Y, Chen D. Fruit fly research in China. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:583-592. [PMID: 30455037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Served as a model organism over a century, fruit fly has significantly pushed forward the development of global scientific research, including in China. The high similarity in genomic features between fruit fly and human enables this tiny insect to benefit the biomedical studies of human diseases. In the past decades, Chinese biologists have used fruit fly to make numerous achievements on understanding the fundamental questions in many diverse areas of biology. Here, we review some of the recent fruit fly studies in China, and mainly focus on those studies in the fields of stem cell biology, cancer therapy and regeneration medicine, neurological disorders and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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18
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Ai A, Xiong Y, Wu B, Lin J, Huang Y, Cao Y, Liu T. Induction of miR-15a expression by tripterygium glycosides caused premature ovarian failure by suppressing the Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling effector Lats1. Gene 2018; 678:155-163. [PMID: 30092342 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides (TGs) are chemotherapeutic drugs and immunosuppressant agents for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. We have previously reported that TGs induces premature ovarian failure (POF) by inducing cytotoxicity in ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs). Hence, we report that TGs suppress the expression of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway in murine OGCs in vitro and in vivo. We found that the expressions of miR-181b, miR-15a, and miR-30d, were elevated significantly in the POF. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-15a targets Lats1 through a miR-15a binding site in the Lats1 3'UTR. Overexpression of miR-15a in mOGCs not only inhibited proliferation and growth of mOGCs, but also induced aging of mOGCs. Western blot and qPCR analysis indicated that miR-15a suppresses the expression of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway in mOGCs. When the exogenous miR-15a was expressed on mouse OGCs, it could elevate the cytotoxicity effect of TG on mOGCs. We conclude that tripterygium glycosides promote cytotoxicity, senescence, and apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells by inducing endogenous miR-15a expression and inhibiting the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiling Wu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Chen D, Wang S, Tao X, Zhou L, Wang J, Sun F, Sun M, Gao X. Hsp83 regulates the fate of germline stem cells in Drosophila ovary. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:219-222. [PMID: 29705561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fuling Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Mingzhong Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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20
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Kjærner-Semb E, Ayllon F, Kleppe L, Sørhus E, Skaftnesmo K, Furmanek T, Segafredo FT, Thorsen A, Fjelldal PG, Hansen T, Taranger GL, Andersson E, Schulz RW, Wargelius A, Edvardsen RB. Vgll3 and the Hippo pathway are regulated in Sertoli cells upon entry and during puberty in Atlantic salmon testis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1912. [PMID: 29382956 PMCID: PMC5789820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vgll3 is linked to age at maturity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, the molecular mechanisms involving Vgll3 in controlling timing of puberty as well as relevant tissue and cell types are currently unknown. Vgll3 and the associated Hippo pathway has been linked to reduced proliferation activity in different tissues. Analysis of gene expression reveals for the first time that vgll3 and several members of the Hippo pathway were down-regulated in salmon testis during onset of puberty and remained repressed in maturing testis. In the gonads, we found expression in Sertoli and granulosa cells in males and females, respectively. We hypothesize that vgll3 negatively regulates Sertoli cell proliferation in testis and therefore acts as an inhibitor of pubertal testis growth. Gonadal expression of vgll3 is located to somatic cells that are in direct contact with germ cells in both sexes, however our results indicate sex-biased regulation of vgll3 during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kjærner-Semb
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Fernando Ayllon
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene Kleppe
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kai Skaftnesmo
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomasz Furmanek
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frida T Segafredo
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Thorsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Institute of Marine research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station, 5984, Matredal, Norway
| | - Tom Hansen
- Institute of Marine research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station, 5984, Matredal, Norway
| | - Geir Lasse Taranger
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Andersson
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rüdiger W Schulz
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway.,Department Biology, Utrecht University, Science Faculty, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Wargelius
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf B Edvardsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Chen D, Zhou L, Sun F, Sun M, Tao X. Cyclin B3 Deficiency Impairs Germline Stem Cell Maintenance and Its Overexpression Delays Cystoblast Differentiation in Drosophila Ovary. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010298. [PMID: 29351213 PMCID: PMC5796243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cyclinB3 (cycB3) plays a key role in the control of cell cycle progression. However, whether cycB3 is involved in stem cell fate determination remains unknown. The Drosophila ovary provides an exclusive model for studying the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate the fate of germline stem cells (GSCs). Here, using this model, we show that DrosophilacycB3 plays a new role in controlling the fate of germline stem cells (GSC). Results from cycB3 genetic analyses demonstrate that cycB3 is intrinsically required for GSC maintenance. Results from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgene reporter assays show that cycB3 is not involved in Dad-mediated regulation of Bmp signaling, or required for dpp-induced bam transcriptional silencing. Double mutants of bam and cycB3 phenocopied bam single mutants, suggesting that cycB3 functions in a bam-dependent manner in GSCs. Deficiency of cycB3 fails to cause apoptosis in GSCs or influence cystoblast (CB) differentiation into oocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of cycB3 dramatically increases the CB number in Drosophila ovaries, suggesting that an excess of cycB3 function delays CB differentiation. Given that the cycB3 gene is evolutionarily conserved, from insects to humans, cycB3 may also be involved in controlling the fate of GSCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
- The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Fuling Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Mingzhong Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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22
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Dai W, Peterson A, Kenney T, Burrous H, Montell DJ. Quantitative microscopy of the Drosophila ovary shows multiple niche signals specify progenitor cell fate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1244. [PMID: 29093440 PMCID: PMC5665863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells commonly give rise to transit-amplifying progenitors, whose progeny differentiate into distinct cell types. It is unclear if stem cell niche signals coordinate fate decisions within the progenitor pool. Here we use quantitative analysis of Wnt, Hh, and Notch signalling reporters and the cell fate markers Eyes Absent (Eya) and Castor (Cas) to study the effects of hyper-activation and loss of niche signals on progenitor development in the Drosophila ovary. Follicle stem cell (FSC) progeny adopt distinct polar, stalk, and main body cell fates. We show that Wnt signalling transiently inhibits expression of the main body cell fate determinant Eya, and Wnt hyperactivity strongly biases cells towards polar and stalk fates. Hh signalling independently controls the proliferation to differentiation transition. Notch is permissive but not instructive for differentiation of multiple cell types. These findings reveal that multiple niche signals coordinate cell fates and differentiation of progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- MCDB Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Amy Peterson
- MCDB Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thomas Kenney
- MCDB Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Haley Burrous
- MCDB Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- MCDB Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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23
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Luo L, Siah CK, Cai Y. Engrailed acts with Nejire to control decapentaplegic expression in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche. Development 2017; 144:3224-3231. [PMID: 28928281 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of adult tissues is maintained by a small number of stem cells, which are sustained by their niches. In the Drosophila female germline stem cell (GSC) niche, Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is the primary factor that promotes GSC self-renewal. However, the mechanism regulating dpp expression in the niche is largely unknown. Here, we identify a 2.0 kb fragment located in a 5' cis-regulatory region of the dpp locus containing enhancer activity that drives its expression in the niche. This region is distinct from a previously characterized 3' cis-regulatory enhancer responsible for dpp expression in imaginal discs. Our data demonstrate that Engrailed, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that serves as a cap cell marker, binds to this region and regulates dpp expression in cap cells. Further data suggest that En forms a complex with Nejire (Nej), the Drosophila ortholog of histone acetyltransferase CBP/p300, and directs Nej to this cis-regulatory region where Nej functions as the co-activator for dpp expression. Therefore, our study defines the molecular pathway controlling dpp expression in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Luo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Chia Keng Siah
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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24
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Banisch TU, Maimon I, Dadosh T, Gilboa L. Escort cells generate a dynamic compartment for germline stem cell differentiation via combined Stat and Erk signalling. Development 2017; 144:1937-1947. [PMID: 28559239 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two different compartments support germline stem cell (GSC) self-renewal and their timely differentiation: the classical niche provides maintenance cues, while a differentiation compartment, formed by somatic escort cells (ECs), is required for proper GSC differentiation. ECs extend long protrusions that invade between tightly packed germ cells, and alternate between encapsulating and releasing them. How ECs achieve this dynamic balance has not been resolved. By combining live imaging and genetic analyses in Drosophila, we have characterised EC shapes and their dynamic changes. We show that germ cell encapsulation by ECs is a communal phenomenon, whereby EC-EC contacts stabilise an extensive meshwork of protrusions. We further show that Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Egfr) signalling sustain EC protrusiveness and flexibility by combinatorially affecting the activity of different RhoGTPases. Our results reveal how a complex signalling network can determine the shape of a cell and its dynamic behaviour. It also explains how the differentiation compartment can establish extensive contacts with germ cells, while allowing a continual posterior movement of differentiating GSC daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten U Banisch
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Iris Maimon
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lilach Gilboa
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Role of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Regulating the Behavior of Germline Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5714608. [PMID: 28883837 PMCID: PMC5572616 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5714608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline stem cells (GSCs) are adult stem cells that are responsible for the production of gametes and include spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and ovarian germline stem cells (OGSCs). GSCs are located in a specialized microenvironment in the gonads called the niche. Many recent studies have demonstrated that multiple signals in the niche jointly regulate the proliferation and differentiation of GSCs, which is of significance for reproductive function. Previous studies have demonstrated that the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway participates in the proliferation and differentiation of various stem cells, including GSCs in Drosophila and male mammals. Furthermore, the discovery of mammalian OGSCs challenged the traditional opinion that the number of primary follicles is fixed in postnatal mammals, which is of significance for the reproductive ability of female mammals and the treatment of diseases related to germ cells. Meanwhile, it still remains to be determined whether the Hh signaling pathway participates in the regulation of the behavior of OGSCs. Herein, we review the current research on the role of the Hh signaling pathway in mediating the behavior of GSCs. In addition, some suggestions for future research are proposed.
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26
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Huang J, Reilein A, Kalderon D. Yorkie and Hedgehog independently restrict BMP production in escort cells to permit germline differentiation in the Drosophila ovary. Development 2017; 144:2584-2594. [PMID: 28619819 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple signaling pathways guide the behavior and differentiation of both germline stem cells (GSCs) and somatic follicle stem cells (FSCs) in the Drosophila germarium, necessitating careful control of signal generation, range and responses. Signal integration involves escort cells (ECs), which promote differentiation of the GSC derivatives they envelop, provide niche signals for FSCs and derive directly from FSCs in adults. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling induces the Hippo pathway effector Yorkie (Yki) to promote proliferation and maintenance of FSCs, but Hh also signals to ECs, which are quiescent. Here, we show that in ECs both Hh and Yki limit production of BMP ligands to allow germline differentiation. Loss of Yki produced a more severe germarial phenotype than loss of Hh signaling and principally induced a different BMP ligand. Moreover, Yki activity reporters and epistasis tests showed that Yki does not mediate the key actions of Hh signaling in ECs. Thus, both the coupling and output of the Hh and Yki signaling pathways differ between FSCs and ECs despite their proximity and the fact that FSCs give rise directly to ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Amy Reilein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel Kalderon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA
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