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Evaluation of different mucosal microbiota leads to gut microbiota-based prediction of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15451. [PMID: 30337545 PMCID: PMC6193974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed by auto-reactive T cells. Recent studies suggest that microbiota are closely associated with disease development. We studied gut, oral and vaginal microbiota longitudinally in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We showed that the composition of microbiota is very different at the different mucosal sites and between young and adult mice. Gut microbiota are more diverse than oral or vaginal microbiota and the changes were more evident in the mice before and after onset of diabetes. Using alpha-diversity, Gram-positive/Gram-negative ratio as well as the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Erysipelotrichaceae in the gut microbiota, at 8 weeks of age, we formulated a predictive algorithm for T1D development in a cohort of 63 female NOD mice. Using this algorithm, we obtained 80% accuracy of prediction of diabetes onset, in two independent experiments, totaling 29 mice, with Area Under the Curve of 0.776 by ROC analysis. Interestingly, we did not find differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the mice at 8 weeks of age, regardless of later diabetes development. Our results suggest that the algorithm could potentially be used in early prediction of future T1D development.
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Mehdi AM, Hamilton-Williams EE, Cristino A, Ziegler A, Bonifacio E, Le Cao KA, Harris M, Thomas R. A peripheral blood transcriptomic signature predicts autoantibody development in infants at risk of type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515040 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic islet β cells results in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Serum islet autoantibodies usually develop in genetically susceptible individuals in early childhood before T1D onset, with multiple islet autoantibodies predicting diabetes development. However, most at-risk children remain islet-antibody negative, and no test currently identifies those likely to seroconvert. We sought a genomic signature predicting seroconversion risk by integrating longitudinal peripheral blood gene expression profiles collected in high-risk children included in the BABYDIET and DIPP cohorts, of whom 50 seroconverted. Subjects were followed for 10 years to determine time of seroconversion. Any cohort effect and the time of seroconversion were corrected to uncover genes differentially expressed (DE) in seroconverting children. Gene expression signatures associated with seroconversion were evident during the first year of life, with 67 DE genes identified in seroconverting children relative to those remaining antibody negative. These genes contribute to T cell-, DC-, and B cell-related immune responses. Near-birth expression of ADCY9, PTCH1, MEX3B, IL15RA, ZNF714, TENM1, and PLEKHA5, along with HLA risk score predicted seroconversion (AUC 0.85). The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway linked DE genes and T1D susceptibility genes. Therefore, a gene expression signature in infancy predicts risk of seroconversion. Ubiquitination may play a mechanistic role in diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Mehdi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Alexandre Cristino
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Anette Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- CRTD-DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kim-Anh Le Cao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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