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Tyrinova TV, Chernykh ER. Inhibitory Checkpoint Receptor TIM-3 as a Regulator of the Functional Activity of Dendritic Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:287-292. [PMID: 39123087 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) belongs to the group of inhibitory checkpoint receptors and has traditionally been of interest in terms of its expression on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The treatment with TIM-3 inhibitors is considered as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. The review focuses on new data on the expression of TIM-3 on dendritic cells (DCs) that play a key role in initiating the antigen-specific immune response and inducing effector CD8+ T cells. The main hypothesis is that TIM-3 is suggested to act as a negative regulator of DCs. Further studies on TIM-3-mediated DC regulation will improve the effectiveness of current strategies in the treatment of cancer using DCs and checkpoint molecule inhibitors, where the main targets can be not only T cells, but also TIM-3-expressing DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Tyrinova
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - E R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Brachtl G, Poupardin R, Hochmann S, Raninger A, Jürchott K, Streitz M, Schlickeiser S, Oeller M, Wolf M, Schallmoser K, Volk HD, Geissler S, Strunk D. Batch Effects during Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Propagation Prevail Donor Variation and Culture Duration: Impact on Genotype, Phenotype and Function. Cells 2022; 11:946. [PMID: 35326396 PMCID: PMC8946746 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor variation is a prominent critical issue limiting the applicability of cell-based therapies. We hypothesized that batch effects during propagation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in human platelet lysate (hPL), replacing fetal bovine serum (FBS), can affect phenotypic and functional variability. We therefore investigated the impact of donor variation, hPL- vs. FBS-driven propagation and exhaustive proliferation, on BMSC epigenome, transcriptome, phenotype, coagulation risk and osteochondral regenerative function. Notably, propagation in hPL significantly increased BMSC proliferation, created significantly different gene expression trajectories and distinct surface marker signatures, already after just one passage. We confirmed significantly declining proliferative potential in FBS-expanded BMSC after proliferative challenge. Flow cytometry verified the canonical fibroblastic phenotype in culture-expanded BMSCs. We observed limited effects on DNA methylation, preferentially in FBS-driven cultures, irrespective of culture duration. The clotting risk increased over culture time. Moreover, expansion in xenogenic serum resulted in significant loss of function during 3D cartilage disk formation and significantly increased clotting risk. Superior chondrogenic function under hPL-conditions was maintained over culture. The platelet blood group and isoagglutinins had minor impact on BMSC function. These data demonstrate pronounced batch effects on BMSC transcriptome, phenotype and function due to serum factors, partly outcompeting donor variation after just one culture passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brachtl
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (G.B.); (R.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (G.B.); (R.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (G.B.); (R.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Raninger
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (G.B.); (R.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.J.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (H.-D.V.); (S.G.)
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.J.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (H.-D.V.); (S.G.)
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.J.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (H.-D.V.); (S.G.)
| | - Michaela Oeller
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Martin Wolf
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (G.B.); (R.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.J.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (H.-D.V.); (S.G.)
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.J.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (H.-D.V.); (S.G.)
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (G.B.); (R.P.); (S.H.); (A.R.); (M.W.)
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Alemohammad H, Najafzadeh B, Asadzadeh Z, Baghbanzadeh A, Ghorbaninezhad F, Najafzadeh A, Safarpour H, Bernardini R, Brunetti O, Sonnessa M, Fasano R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The importance of immune checkpoints in immune monitoring: A future paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112516. [PMID: 34906767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of cancer are directly correlated to the suppression of the immune system. A major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy depends on various mechanisms to detect immunosuppressive factors that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Immune checkpoints are expressed on many immune cells such as T-cells, regulatory B cells (Bregs), dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NKs), regulatory T (Tregs), M2-type macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immune inhibitory molecules, including CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT, PD-1, and LAG-3, normally inhibit immune responses via negatively regulating immune cell signaling pathways to prevent immune injury. However, the up-regulation of inhibitory immune checkpoints during tumor progression on immune cells suppresses anti-tumor immune responses and promotes immune escape in cancer. It has recently been indicated that cancer cells can up-regulate various pathways of the immune checkpoints. Therefore, targeting immune inhibitory molecules through antibodies or miRNAs is a promising therapeutic strategy and shows favorable results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are introduced as a new immunotherapy strategy that enhance immune cell-induced antitumor responses in many patients. In this review, we highlighted the function of each immune checkpoint on different immune cells and therapeutic strategies aimed at using monoclonal antibodies and miRNAs against inhibitory receptors. We also discussed current challenges and future strategies for maximizing these FDA-approved immunosuppressants' effectiveness and clinical success in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Najafzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Wilson NR, Bover L, Konopleva M, Han L, Neelapu S, Pemmaraju N. CD303 (BDCA-2) - a potential novel target for therapy in hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:19-30. [PMID: 34486917 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1975192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) serve as immunoregulatory antigen-presenting cells that play a role in various inflammatory, viral, and malignant conditions. Malignant proliferation of pDCs is implicated in the pathogenesis of certain hematologic cancers, specifically blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) and acute myelogenous leukemia with clonal expansion of pDC (pDC-AML). In recent years, BPDCN and pDC-AML have been successfully treated with targeted therapy of pDC-specific surface marker, CD123. However, relapsed and refractory BPDCN remains an elusive cancer, with limited therapeutic options. CD303 is another specific surface marker of human pDCs, centrally involved in antigen presentation and immune tolerance. Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD303 have been studied in preclinical models and have achieved disease control in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We performed a comprehensive review of benign and malignant disorders in which CD303 have been studied, as there may be a potential future CD303-directed therapy for many of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Bover
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Coutant F, Pin JJ, Miossec P. Extensive Phenotype of Human Inflammatory Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1663. [PMID: 34359833 PMCID: PMC8307578 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) have been described in several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are suspected to play a detrimental role by fueling inflammation and skewing adaptive immune responses. However, the characterization of their phenotype is still limited, as well as the comprehension of the factors that govern their differentiation. Here, we show that inflammatory Mo-DCs generated in vitro expressed a large and atypical panel of C-type lectin receptors, including isoforms of CD209 and CD206, CD303 and CD207, as well as intracellular proteins at their surfaces such as the lysosomal protein CD208. Combination of these markers allowed us to identify cells in the synovial fluid of RA patients with a close phenotype of inflammatory Mo-DCs generated in vitro. Finally, we found in coculture experiments that RA synoviocytes critically affected the phenotypic differentiation of monocytes into Mo-DCs, suggesting that the crosstalk between infiltrating monocytes and local mesenchymal cells is decisive for Mo-DCs generation.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- B7 Antigens/genetics
- B7 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Differentiation
- Coculture Techniques
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/genetics
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Synovial Fluid/cytology
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
- Synoviocytes/immunology
- Synoviocytes/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutant
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon, France;
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Pin
- Eurobio Scientific/Dendritics—Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon, France;
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon, France;
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437 Lyon, France
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6
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Zhang W, Park HB, Yadav D, Hwang J, An EK, Eom HY, Kim SJ, Kwak M, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Comparison of human peripheral blood dendritic cell activation by four fucoidans. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:477-484. [PMID: 33513426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown seaweed is an important source of fucoidan, which displays immunomodulatory effects by activating various immune cells. However, these effects of fucoidans from various sources of brown seaweed have not yet been explored in human blood dendritic cells. We studied fucoidans extracted from Ecklonia cava, Macrocystis pyrifera, Undaria pinnatifida, and Fucus vesiculosus for their effects on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MODC) and human peripheral blood DC (PBDC) activation. Ecklonia cava fucoidan (ECF) strongly upregulated co-stimulatory molecules, major histocompatibility complex class I and II, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in MODCs and PBDCs compared to those by the other three fucoidans. Moreover, ECF elicited the strongest effect in the induction of syngeneic T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared to those of other fucoidans. These results suggest that ECF could be a suitable candidate molecule for enhancing immune activation in humans compared to that with the other three fucoidans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Eom
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - So-Jung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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Than UTT, Le HT, Hoang DH, Nguyen XH, Pham CT, Bui KTV, Bui HTH, Nguyen PV, Nguyen TD, Do TTH, Chu TT, Bui AV, Nguyen LT, Hoang NTM. Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Exosomes Isolated from Cryopreserved Cord Blood Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1834. [PMID: 32155869 PMCID: PMC7084404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has shown outstanding achievements in cancer treatment, although it still has some adverse side effects. Vaccination with DC-derived exosomes has been thought to overcome the side effects of the parental DCs. (2) Method: We performed the experiments to check the ability of cryopreserved umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell-derived DCs (cryo CBMDCs) and their exosomes to prime allogeneic T cell proliferation and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cell (alloPBMCs) cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells. (3) Results: We found that both lung tumor cell lysate-pulsed DCs and their exosomes could induce allogeneic T cell proliferation. Moreover, alloPBMCs primed with tumor cell lysate-pulsed DCs and their exosomes have a greater cytotoxic activity against A549 cells compared to unprimed cells and cells primed with unpulsed DCs and their exosomes. (4) Conclusion: Tumor cell lysate-pulsed DCs and their exosomes should be considered to develop into a novel immunotherapeutic strategy-e.g., vaccines-for patients with lung cancer. Our results also suggested that cryo umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells source, which is a readily and available source, is effective for generation of allogeneic DCs and their exosomes will be material for vaccinating against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Trang Than
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Le
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- Vinmec HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (P.V.N.); (T.D.N.); (T.T.C.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Diem Huong Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (K.T.V.B.); (T.T.H.D.)
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Thi Pham
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (K.T.V.B.); (T.T.H.D.)
| | - Khanh Thi Van Bui
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (K.T.V.B.); (T.T.H.D.)
| | - Hue Thi Hong Bui
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Phong Van Nguyen
- Vinmec HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (P.V.N.); (T.D.N.); (T.T.C.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Tu Dac Nguyen
- Vinmec HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (P.V.N.); (T.D.N.); (T.T.C.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Thu Thi Hoai Do
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (K.T.V.B.); (T.T.H.D.)
| | - Thao Thi Chu
- Vinmec HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (P.V.N.); (T.D.N.); (T.T.C.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Anh Viet Bui
- Vinmec HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (P.V.N.); (T.D.N.); (T.T.C.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Liem Thanh Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Thi My Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (U.T.T.T.); (H.T.L.); (D.H.H.); (X.-H.N.); (C.T.P.); (H.T.H.B.); (L.T.N.)
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (K.T.V.B.); (T.T.H.D.)
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8
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Guzman E, Pujol M, Ribeca P, Montoya M. Bovine Derived in vitro Cultures Generate Heterogeneous Populations of Antigen Presenting Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:612. [PMID: 30984187 PMCID: PMC6450137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APC) of the mononuclear phagocytic system include dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Macs) which are essential mediators of innate and adaptive immune responses. Many of the biological functions attributed to these cell subsets have been elucidated using models that utilize in vitro-matured cells derived from common progenitors. However, it has recently been shown that monocyte culture systems generate heterogeneous populations of cells, DCs, and Macs. In light of these findings, we analyzed the most commonly used bovine in vitro-derived APC models and compared them to bona fide DCs. Here, we show that bovine monocyte-derived DCs and Macs can be differentiated on the basis of CD11c and MHC class II (MHCII) expression and that in vitro conditions generate a heterologous group of both DCs and Macs with defined and specific biological activities. In addition, skin-migrating macrophages present in the bovine afferent lymph were identified and phenotyped for the first time. RNA sequencing analyses showed that these monophagocytic cells have distinct transcriptomic profiles similar to those described in other species. These results have important implications for the interpretation of data obtained using in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Pujol
- Doctoral Program in Agronomy Forestry and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Maria Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB - CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Rossi A, Dupaty L, Aillot L, Zhang L, Gallien C, Hallek M, Odenthal M, Adriouch S, Salvetti A, Büning H. Vector uncoating limits adeno-associated viral vector-mediated transduction of human dendritic cells and vector immunogenicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3631. [PMID: 30842485 PMCID: PMC6403382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AAV vectors poorly transduce Dendritic cells (DC), a feature invoked to explain AAV's low immunogenicity. However, the reason for this non-permissiveness remained elusive. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis using human monocyte-derived immature DC (iDC) as model. iDC internalized AAV vectors of various serotypes, but even the most efficient serotype failed to transduce iDC above background. Since AAV vectors reached the cell nucleus, we hypothesized that AAV's intracellular processing occurs suboptimal. On this basis, we screened an AAV peptide display library for capsid variants more suitable for DC transduction and identified the I/VSS family which transduced DC with efficiencies of up to 38%. This property correlated with an improved vector uncoating. To determine the consequence of this novel feature for AAV's in vivo performance, we engineered one of the lead candidates to express a cytoplasmic form of ovalbumin, a highly immunogenic model antigen, and assayed transduction efficiency as well as immunogenicity. The capsid variant clearly outperformed the parental serotype in muscle transduction and in inducing antigen-specific humoral and T cell responses as well as anti-capsid CD8+ T cells. Hence, vector uncoating represents a major barrier hampering AAV vector-mediated transduction of DC and impacts on its use as vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rossi
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Léa Dupaty
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Physiopathologie et biothérapies des maladies inflammatoires et autoimmunes (PANTHER), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Aillot
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5206, Lyon, France
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Célia Gallien
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Hallek
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Physiopathologie et biothérapies des maladies inflammatoires et autoimmunes (PANTHER), 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111 - Université claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5206, Lyon, France.
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Kong BY, Bolton H, Kim JW, Silveira PA, Fromm PD, Clark GJ. On the Other Side: Manipulating the Immune Checkpoint Landscape of Dendritic Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:50. [PMID: 30788290 PMCID: PMC6372550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules have been successful in clinical trials of both solid and hematological malignancies as acknowledged by the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine, however improving clinical response rates is now key to expanding their efficacy in areas of unmet medical need. Antibodies to checkpoint inhibitors target molecules on either T cells or tumor cells to stimulate T cells or remove tumor mediated immunosuppression, respectively. However, many of the well-characterized T cell immune checkpoint receptors have their ligands on antigen presenting cells or exert direct effects on those cells. Dendritic cells are the most powerful antigen presenting cells; they possess the ability to elicit antigen-specific responses and have important roles in regulation of immune tolerance. Despite their theoretical benefits in cancer immunotherapy, the translation of DC therapies into the clinic is yet to be fully realized and combining DC-based immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an attractive strategy. This combination takes advantage of the antigen presenting capability of DC to maximize specific immune responses to tumor antigens whilst removing tumor-associated immune inhibitory mechanisms with immune checkpoint inhibition. Here we review the expression and functional effects of immune checkpoint molecules on DC and identify rational combinations for DC vaccination to enhance antigen-specific T cell responses, cytokine production, and promotion of long-lasting immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Kong
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Bolton
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Julius W Kim
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo A Silveira
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip D Fromm
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina J Clark
- Dendritic Cell Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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11
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Le TT, Blackwood NO, Taroni JN, Fu W, Breitenstein MK. Integrated machine learning pipeline for aberrant biomarker enrichment (i-mAB): characterizing clusters of differentiation within a compendium of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2018; 2018:1358-1367. [PMID: 30815180 PMCID: PMC6371296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clusters of differentiation (CD) are cell surface biomarkers that denote key biological differences between cell types and disease state. CD-targeting therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mABs) afford rich trans-disease repositioning opportunities. Within a compendium of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients, we applied the Integrated machine learning pipeline for aberrant biomarker enrichment (i-mAB) to profile de novo gene expression features affecting CD20, CD22 and CD30 gene aberrance. First, a novel Relief-based algorithm identified interdependent features(p=681) predicting treatment-naïve SLE patients (balanced accuracy=0.822). We then compiled CD-associated expression profiles using regularized logistic regression and pathway enrichment analyses. On an independent general cell line model system data, we replicated associations (in silico) of BCL7A (padj=1.69e-9) and STRBP(padj=4.63e-8) with CD22; NCOA2(padj=7.00e-4), ATN1 (padj=1.71e-2), and HOXC4(padj=3.34e-2) with CD30; and PHOSPHO1, a phosphatase linked to bone mineralization, with both CD22(padj=4.37e-2) and CD30(padj=7.40e-3). Utilizing carefully aggregated secondary data and leveraging a priori hypotheses, i-mAB fostered robust biomarker profiling among interdependent biological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T Le
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics
| | | | - Jaclyn N Taroni
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weixuan Fu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Subbiah V, Murthy R, Hong DS, Prins RM, Hosing C, Hendricks K, Kolli D, Noffsinger L, Brown R, McGuire M, Fu S, Piha-Paul S, Naing A, Conley AP, Benjamin RS, Kaur I, Bosch ML. Cytokines Produced by Dendritic Cells Administered Intratumorally Correlate with Clinical Outcome in Patients with Diverse Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3845-3856. [PMID: 30018119 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Dendritic cells (DC) initiate adaptive immune responses through the uptake and presentation of antigenic material. In preclinical studies, intratumorally injected activated DCs (aDCs; DCVax-Direct) were superior to immature DCs in rejecting tumors from mice.Experimental Design: This single-arm, open-label phase I clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of aDCs, administered intratumorally, in patients with solid tumors. Three dose levels (2 million, 6 million, and 15 million aDCs per injection) were tested using a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial design. Feasibility, immunogenicity, changes to the tumor microenvironment after direct injection, and survival were evaluated. We also investigated cytokine production of aDCs prior to injection.Results: In total, 39 of the 40 enrolled patients were evaluable. The injections of aDCs were well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities. Increased lymphocyte infiltration was observed in 54% of assessed patients. Stable disease (SD; best response) at week 8 was associated with increased overall survival. Increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL12p40 by aDCs was significantly associated with survival (P = 0.023 and 0.024, respectively). Increased TNFα levels correlated positively with SD at week 8 (P < 0.01).Conclusions: Intratumoral aDC injections were feasible and safe. Increased production of specific cytokines was correlated with SD and prolonged survival, demonstrating a link between the functional profile of aDCs prior to injection and patient outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3845-56. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ravi Murthy
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chitra Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Robert Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary McGuire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Siquing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarina Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony P Conley
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert S Benjamin
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Indreshpal Kaur
- Cell Therapy Labs, GMP Laboratory, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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13
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Collin M, Bigley V. Human dendritic cell subsets: an update. Immunology 2018; 154:3-20. [PMID: 29313948 PMCID: PMC5904714 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a class of bone-marrow-derived cells arising from lympho-myeloid haematopoiesis that form an essential interface between the innate sensing of pathogens and the activation of adaptive immunity. This task requires a wide range of mechanisms and responses, which are divided between three major DC subsets: plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid/conventional DC1 (cDC1) and myeloid/conventional DC2 (cDC2). Each DC subset develops under the control of a specific repertoire of transcription factors involving differential levels of IRF8 and IRF4 in collaboration with PU.1, ID2, E2-2, ZEB2, KLF4, IKZF1 and BATF3. DC haematopoiesis is conserved between mammalian species and is distinct from monocyte development. Although monocytes can differentiate into DC, especially during inflammation, most quiescent tissues contain significant resident populations of DC lineage cells. An extended range of surface markers facilitates the identification of specific DC subsets although it remains difficult to dissociate cDC2 from monocyte-derived DC in some settings. Recent studies based on an increasing level of resolution of phenotype and gene expression have identified pre-DC in human blood and heterogeneity among cDC2. These advances facilitate the integration of mouse and human immunology, support efforts to unravel human DC function in vivo and continue to present new translational opportunities to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Collin
- Human Dendritic Cell LabInstitute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Venetia Bigley
- Human Dendritic Cell LabInstitute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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14
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Hotblack A, Holler A, Piapi A, Ward S, Stauss HJ, Bennett CL. Tumor-Resident Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Modulate the Accumulation of TCR-Engineered T Cells in Melanoma. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1471-1481. [PMID: 29628306 PMCID: PMC5986719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing clinical trials explore T cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy as a treatment option for cancer, but responses in solid tumors are hampered by the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The production of TCR gene-engineered T cells requires full T cell activation in vitro, and it is currently unknown whether in vivo interactions with conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) regulate the accumulation and function of engineered T cells in tumors. Using the B16 melanoma model and the inducible depletion of CD11c+ cells in CD11c.diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice, we analyzed the interaction between tumor-resident cDCs and engineered T cells expressing the melanoma-specific TRP-2 TCR. We found that depletion of CD11c+ cells triggered the recruitment of cross-presenting cDC1 into the tumor and enhanced the accumulation of TCR-engineered T cells. We show that the recruited tumor cDCs present melanoma tumor antigen, leading to enhanced activation of TCR-engineered T cells. In addition, detailed analysis of the tumor myeloid compartment revealed that the depletion of a population of DT-sensitive macrophages can contribute to the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Together, these data suggest that the relative frequency of tumor-resident cDCs and macrophages may impact the therapeutic efficacy of TCR gene therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Hotblack
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Angelika Holler
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Alice Piapi
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Sophie Ward
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Studies, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Hans J Stauss
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Clare L Bennett
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Studies, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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