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Warszyńska M, Pucelik B, Vinagreiro CS, Repetowski P, Barzowska A, Barczyk D, Schaberle FA, Duque-Prata A, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM. Better in the Near Infrared: Sulfonamide Perfluorinated-Phenyl Photosensitizers for Improved Simultaneous Targeted Photodynamic Therapy and Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:50389-50406. [PMID: 39276331 PMCID: PMC11440460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Tetraphenyloporphyrin derivatives are a useful scaffold for developing new pharmaceuticals for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the photodiagnosis (PD) of cancer. We synthesized new sulfonamide fluorinated porphyrin derivatives and investigated their potential as photosensitizers and real-time bioimaging agents for cancer. We found that 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-[2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-4'-methanesulfamidyl)phenyl]bacteriochlorin (F4BMet) has intense absorption and fluorescence in the near-infrared, efficiently generates singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, has low toxicity in the dark, and high phototoxicity. We increased its bioavailability with encapsulation in Pluronic-based micelles, which also improved the photodynamic effect. F4BMet exhibits pH-dependent properties (lower pH promoted its aggregation), and a GlyGly buffer was used to effectively solubilize the compound. In vitro findings with 2D cell culture were complemented with human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived organoids. F4BMet in P123 micelles showed enhanced efficacy compared to F4BMet in the GlyGly formulation. F4BMet was further evaluated in real-time bioimaging and PDT of BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors. After i.v. injection, the photosensitizer was visible in the tumor area 3 h after injection. The most successful therapeutic approach proved to be tumor-targeted PDT using P123-encapsulated F4BMet illuminated 24 h after administration with a light dose of 42 J/cm2, which led to a 30% long-term cure rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Warszyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Kraków Institute of Technology, ul. Zakopiańska 73, 30-418 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Repetowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Kraków Institute of Technology, ul. Zakopiańska 73, 30-418 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dominik Barczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amilcar Duque-Prata
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Takada E, Mizuno HL, Takeoka Y, Mizuno S. Bidirectionally validated in silico and in vitro formation of specific depth zone-derived chondrocyte spheroids and clusters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1440434. [PMID: 39308699 PMCID: PMC11413588 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1440434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
3D multicellular self-organized cluster models, e.g., organoids are promising tools for developing new therapeutic modalities including gene and cell therapies, pharmacological mechanistic and screening assays. Various applications of these models have been used extensively for decades, however, the mechanisms of cluster formation, maintenance, and degradation of these models are not even known over in-vitro-life-time. To explore such advantageous models mimicking native tissues or organs, it is necessary to understand aforementioned mechanisms. Herein, we intend to clarify the mechanisms of the formation of cell clusters. We previously demonstrated that primary chondrocytes isolated from distinct longitudinal depth zones in articular cartilage formed zone-specific spherical multicellular clusters in vitro. To elucidate the mechanisms of such cluster formation, we simulated it using the computational Cellular Potts Model with parameters were translated from gene expression levels and histological characteristics corresponding to interactions between cell and extracellular matrix. This simulation in silico was validated morphologically with cluster formation in vitro and vice versa. Since zone specific chondrocyte cluster models in silico showed similarity with corresponding in vitro model, the in silico has a potential to be used for prediction of the 3D multicellular in vitro models used for development, disease, and therapeutic models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Kroll KT, Homan KA, Uzel SGM, Mata MM, Wolf KJ, Rubins JE, Lewis JA. A perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid-on-chip model. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045003. [PMID: 38906132 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5ac0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The ability to controllably perfuse kidney organoids would better recapitulate the native tissue microenvironment for applications ranging from drug testing to therapeutic use. Here, we report a perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid on chip model composed of two individually addressable channels embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). The channels are respectively seeded with kidney organoids and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that form a confluent endothelium (macrovessel). During perfusion, endogenous endothelial cells present within the kidney organoids migrate through the ECM towards the macrovessel, where they form lumen-on-lumen anastomoses that are supported by stromal-like cells. Once micro-macrovessel integration is achieved, we introduced fluorescently labeled dextran of varying molecular weight and red blood cells into the macrovessel, which are transported through the microvascular network to the glomerular epithelia within the kidney organoids. Our approach for achieving controlled organoid perfusion opens new avenues for generating other perfused human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T Kroll
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A Homan
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sebastien G M Uzel
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mariana M Mata
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kayla J Wolf
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E Rubins
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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4
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Teixeira Polez R, Huynh N, Pridgeon CS, Valle-Delgado JJ, Harjumäki R, Österberg M. Insights into spheroids formation in cellulose nanofibrils and Matrigel hydrogels using AFM-based techniques. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101065. [PMID: 38706731 PMCID: PMC11066555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent FDA decision to eliminate animal testing requirements emphasises the role of cell models, such as spheroids, as regulatory test alternatives for investigations of cellular behaviour, drug responses, and disease modelling. The influence of environment on spheroid formation are incompletely understood, leading to uncertainty in matrix selection for scaffold-based 3D culture. This study uses atomic force microscopy-based techniques to quantify cell adhesion to Matrigel and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and cell-cell adhesion forces, and their role in spheroid formation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS(IMR90)-4). Results showed different cell behaviour in CNF and Matrigel cultures. Both cell lines formed compact spheroids in CNF but loose cell aggregates in Matrigel. Interestingly, the type of cell adhesion protein, and not the bond strength, appeared to be a key factor in the formation of compact spheroids. The gene expression of E- and N-cadherins, proteins on cell membrane responsible for cell-cell interactions, was increased in CNF culture, leading to formation of compact spheroids while Matrigel culture induced integrin-laminin binding and downregulated E-cadherin expression, resulting in looser cell aggregates. These findings enhance our understanding of cell-biomaterial interactions in 3D cultures and offer insights for improved 3D cell models, culture biomaterials, and applications in drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Teixeira Polez
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ngoc Huynh
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Chris S. Pridgeon
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Riina Harjumäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
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5
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Osaki J, Noguchi R, Yanagihara K, Ono T, Adachi Y, Iwata S, Toda Y, Sekita T, Kobayashi E, Kojima N, Yoshida A, Kawai A, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of NCC-ASPS2-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Hum Cell 2024; 37:865-873. [PMID: 38478355 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor characterized by rearrangement of the ASPSCR1 and TFE3 genes and a histologically distinctive pseudoalveolar pattern. ASPS progresses slowly, but is prone to late metastasis. As ASPS is refractory to conventional chemotherapy, the only curative treatment is complete surgical resection. The prognosis of advanced and metastatic cases is poor, highlighting the need for preclinical research to develop appropriate treatment options. However, ASPS is extremely rare, accounting for < 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas, and only one patient-derived ASPS cell line is available from public cell banks worldwide for research. This study reports the establishment of a novel ASPS cell line derived from the primary tumor tissue of an ASPS patient, named NCC-ASPS2-C1. This cell line retains the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion gene, which is characteristic of ASPS. The characterization of this cell line revealed stable growth, spheroid formation, and invasive properties. By screening a drug library using NCC-ASPS2-C1, we identified several drugs that inhibited the proliferation of ASPS cells. In conclusion, the establishment of NCC-ASPS2-C1 provides a valuable resource for advancing ASPS research and developing novel treatments for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Osaki
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takuya Ono
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Adachi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shuhei Iwata
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yu Toda
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sekita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoki Kojima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Rehabilitation Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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6
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Laubenbacher R, Mehrad B, Shmulevich I, Trayanova N. Digital twins in medicine. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 4:184-191. [PMID: 38532133 PMCID: PMC11102043 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-024-00607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Medical digital twins, which are potentially vital for personalized medicine, have become a recent focus in medical research. Here we present an overview of the state of the art in medical digital twin development, especially in oncology and cardiology, where it is most advanced. We discuss major challenges, such as data integration and privacy, and provide an outlook on future advancements. Emphasizing the importance of this technology in healthcare, we highlight the potential for substantial improvements in patient-specific treatments and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Laubenbacher
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - B Mehrad
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - N Trayanova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Pernold CPS, Lagumdzic E, Stadler M, Dolezal M, Jäckel S, Schmitt MW, Mair KH, Saalmüller A. Species comparison: human and minipig PBMC reactivity under the influence of immunomodulating compounds in vitro. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1327776. [PMID: 38264655 PMCID: PMC10803596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the similarities between swine and humans, it is a logical consequence to use swine as a translational model in research and drug development, including non-clinical safety. Here, we compared the reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from humans and minipigs under the influence of different compounds in vitro. We conducted a flow cytometry-based proliferation assay that focused on the T-cell response to three different stimuli: concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), and staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB). Furthermore, four approved immunosuppressive drugs-abatacept, belatacept, rapamycin, and tofacitinib-which are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or rejection in transplant recipients, were combined with the different stimuli. This allowed us to study the effect of suppressive drugs in comparison with the different stimuli in both species. We examined proliferating T cells (CD3+) and investigated the presence of TCR-αβ+ and TCR-γδ+ T cells. Differences in the response of T cells of the two species under these various conditions were evident. CD4+ T cells were more activated within humans, whereas CD8+ T cells were generally more abundant in swine. The effectiveness of the used humanized antibodies is most likely related to the conserved structure of CTLA-4 as abatacept induced a much stronger reduction in swine compared with belatacept. The reduction of proliferation of rapamycin and tofacitinib was highly dependent on the used stimuli. We further investigated the effect of the immunosuppressive compounds on antigen-specific restimulation of pigs immunized against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Treatment with all four compounds resulted in a clear reduction of the proliferative response, with rapamycin showing the strongest effect. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the effectiveness of suppressive compounds is highly dependent on the stimuli used and must be carefully selected to ensure accurate results. The results highlight the importance of considering the response of T cells in different species when evaluating the potential of an immunomodulatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara P. S. Pernold
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emil Lagumdzic
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Jäckel
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Fransen LFH, Leonard MO. Induced pluripotent and CD34+ stem cell derived myeloid cells display differential responses to particle and dust mite exposure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9375. [PMID: 37296179 PMCID: PMC10256772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells form an essential component of initial responses to environmental hazards and toxic exposures. The ability to model these responses in vitro is central to efforts tasked with identifying hazardous materials and understanding mechanisms of injury and disease. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cells have been suggested as alternatives to more established primary cell testing systems for these purposes. iPSC derived macrophage and dendritic like cells were compared to CD34+ haematopoietic stem cell derived populations using transcriptomic analysis. Using single cell sequencing-based characterisation of iPSC derived myeloid cells, we identified transitional, mature and M2 like macrophages as well as dendritic like antigen presenting cells and fibrocytes. Direct transcriptomic comparisons between iPSC and CD34+ cell derived populations revealed higher expression of myeloid differentiation genes such as MNDA, CSF1R and CSF2RB in CD34+ cells, while iPSC populations had higher fibroblastic and proliferative markers. Exposure of differentiated macrophage populations to nanoparticle alone or in combination with dust mite, resulted in differential gene expression on combination only, with responses markedly absent in iPSC compared to CD34+ derived cells. The lack of responsiveness in iPSC derived cells may be attributable to lower levels of dust mite component receptors CD14, TLR4, CLEC7A and CD36. In summary, iPSC derived myeloid cells display typical characteristics of immune cells but may lack a fully mature phenotype to adequately respond to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie F H Fransen
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Feitor JF, Brazaca LC, Lima AM, Ferreira VG, Kassab G, Bagnato VS, Carrilho E, Cardoso DR. Organ-on-a-Chip for Drug Screening: A Bright Future for Sustainability? A Critical Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2220-2234. [PMID: 37014814 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Globalization has raised concerns about spreading diseases and emphasized the need for quick and efficient methods for drug screening. Established drug efficacy and toxicity approaches have proven obsolete, with a high failure rate in clinical trials. Organ-on-a-chip has emerged as an essential alternative to outdated techniques, precisely simulating important characteristics of organs and predicting drug pharmacokinetics more ethically and efficiently. Although promising, most organ-on-a-chip devices are still manufactured using principles and materials from the micromachining industry. The abusive use of plastic for traditional drug screening methods and device production should be considered when substituting technologies so that the compensation for the generation of plastic waste can be projected. This critical review outlines recent advances for organ-on-a-chip in the industry and estimates the possibility of scaling up its production. Moreover, it analyzes trends in organ-on-a-chip publications and provides suggestions for a more sustainable future for organ-on-a-chip research and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica F Feitor
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís C Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138 Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amanda M Lima
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Ferreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Kassab
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Cardoso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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10
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Klett KC, Martin-Villa BC, Villarreal VS, Melemenidis S, Viswanathan V, Manjappa R, Ashraf MR, Soto L, Lau B, Dutt S, Rankin EB, Loo BW, Heilshorn SC. Human enteroids as a tool to study conventional and ultra-high dose rate radiation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2023; 15:zyad013. [PMID: 37874173 PMCID: PMC10594601 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy, one of the most effective therapies to treat cancer, is highly toxic to healthy tissue. The delivery of radiation at ultra-high dose rates, FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH), has been shown to maintain therapeutic anti-tumor efficacy while sparing normal tissues compared to conventional dose rate irradiation (CONV). Though promising, these studies have been limited mainly to murine models. Here, we leveraged enteroids, three-dimensional cell clusters that mimic the intestine, to study human-specific tissue response to radiation. We observed enteroids have a greater colony growth potential following FLASH compared with CONV. In addition, the enteroids that reformed following FLASH more frequently exhibited proper intestinal polarity. While we did not observe differences in enteroid damage across groups, we did see distinct transcriptomic changes. Specifically, the FLASH enteroids upregulated the expression of genes associated with the WNT-family, cell-cell adhesion, and hypoxia response. These studies validate human enteroids as a model to investigate FLASH and provide further evidence supporting clinical study of this therapy. Insight Box Promising work has been done to demonstrate the potential of ultra-high dose rate radiation (FLASH) to ablate cancerous tissue, while preserving healthy tissue. While encouraging, these findings have been primarily observed using pre-clinical murine and traditional two-dimensional cell culture. This study validates the use of human enteroids as a tool to investigate human-specific tissue response to FLASH. Specifically, the work described demonstrates the ability of enteroids to recapitulate previous in vivo findings, while also providing a lens through which to probe cellular and molecular-level responses to FLASH. The human enteroids described herein offer a powerful model that can be used to probe the underlying mechanisms of FLASH in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina C Klett
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Victoria S Villarreal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stavros Melemenidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vignesh Viswanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rakesh Manjappa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ramish Ashraf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis Soto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brianna Lau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suparna Dutt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Billy W Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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11
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Dalvi S, Chatterjee A, Singh R. AMD recapitulated in a 3D biomimetic: A breakthrough in retina tissue engineering. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:243-245. [PMID: 36868191 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Song et al. (Nature Methods, 2022) engineered a 3D model of the human outer blood-retina barrier (oBRB) that recapitulates key features of healthy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-affected eyes.1 We shine a spotlight on this tissue-engineering triumph that has the potential to transform preclinical studies of AMD and other eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Dalvi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Amit Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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Watkins SL. Current Trends and Changes in Use of Membrane Molecular Dynamics Simulations within Academia and the Pharmaceutical Industry. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:148. [PMID: 36837651 PMCID: PMC9961006 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been an almost exponential increase in the use of molecular dynamics simulations in basic research and industry over the last 5 years, with almost a doubling in the number of publications each year. Many of these are focused on neurological membranes, and biological membranes in general, applied to the medical industry. A smaller portion have utilized membrane simulations to answer more basic questions related to the function of specific proteins, chemicals or biological processes. This review covers some newer studies, alongside studies from the last two decades, to determine changes in the field. Some of these are basic, while others are more profound, such as multi-component embedded membrane machinery. It is clear that many facets of the discipline remain the same, while the focus on and uses of the technology are broadening in scope and utilization as a general research tool. Analysis of recent literature provides an overview of the current methodologies, covers some of the recent trends or advances and tries to make predictions of the overall path membrane molecular dynamics will follow in the coming years. In general, the overview presented is geared towards the general scientific community, who may wish to introduce the use of these methodologies in light of these changes, making molecular dynamic simulations more feasible for general scientific or medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan L Watkins
- Plant Pathology and CRGB, Oregon State University, 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Sengupta A, Dorn A, Jamshidi M, Schwob M, Hassan W, De Maddalena LL, Hugi A, Stucki AO, Dorn P, Marti TM, Wisser O, Stucki JD, Krebs T, Hobi N, Guenat OT. A multiplex inhalation platform to model in situ like aerosol delivery in a breathing lung-on-chip. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114739. [PMID: 36959848 PMCID: PMC10029733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to environmental respirable toxicants can lead to the development and worsening of severe respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrosis. The limited number of FDA-approved inhaled drugs for these serious lung conditions has led to a shift from in vivo towards the use of alternative in vitro human-relevant models to better predict the toxicity of inhaled particles in preclinical research. While there are several inhalation exposure models for the upper airways, the fragile and dynamic nature of the alveolar microenvironment has limited the development of reproducible exposure models for the distal lung. Here, we present a mechanistic approach using a new generation of exposure systems, the Cloud α AX12. This novel in vitro inhalation tool consists of a cloud-based exposure chamber (VITROCELL) that integrates the breathing AXLung-on-chip system (AlveoliX). The ultrathin and porous membrane of the AX12 plate was used to create a complex multicellular model that enables key physiological culture conditions: the air-liquid interface (ALI) and the three-dimensional cyclic stretch (CS). Human-relevant cellular models were established for a) the distal alveolar-capillary interface using primary cell-derived immortalized alveolar epithelial cells (AXiAECs), macrophages (THP-1) and endothelial (HLMVEC) cells, and b) the upper-airways using Calu3 cells. Primary human alveolar epithelial cells (AXhAEpCs) were used to validate the toxicity results obtained from the immortalized cell lines. To mimic in vivo relevant aerosol exposures with the Cloud α AX12, three different models were established using: a) titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide nanoparticles b) polyhexamethylene guanidine a toxic chemical and c) an anti-inflammatory inhaled corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (FL). Our results suggest an important synergistic effect on the air-blood barrier sensitivity, cytotoxicity and inflammation, when air-liquid interface and cyclic stretch culture conditions are combined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an in vitro inhalation exposure system for the distal lung has been described with a breathing lung-on-chip technology. The Cloud α AX12 model thus represents a state-of-the-art pre-clinical tool to study inhalation toxicity risks, drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Dorn
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- AlveoliX AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Jamshidi
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magali Schwob
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Widad Hassan
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hugi
- AlveoliX AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas O. Stucki
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andreas O. Stucki,
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Nina Hobi
- AlveoliX AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Nahle Z. A proof-of-concept study poised to remodel the drug development process: Liver-Chip solutions for lead optimization and predictive toxicology. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:1053588. [PMID: 36590153 PMCID: PMC9800902 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.1053588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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