1
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Huang W, Chen Z, Cheng P, Shi W. Strong size sieving effect in a rigid oxalate-based metal-organic framework for selective lithium extraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39344498 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc04101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
An oxalate-based metal-organic framework Eu-C2O4 was synthesized at gram-scale and studied as a selective adsorbent for Li+ ions, and it exhibited high Li+/Na+ selectivity in aqueous solution. A detailed mechanism study revealed that the key was the well-matched chelating sites of the framework for Li+ ion extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhonghang Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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2
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Song Y, Fang S, Xu N, Wang M, Chen S, Chen J, Mi B, Zhu J. Solar transpiration-powered lithium extraction and storage. Science 2024; 385:1444-1449. [PMID: 39325897 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm7034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Lithium mining is energy intensive and environmentally costly. This is because lithium ions are typically present in brines as a minor component mixed with physiochemically similar cations that are difficult to separate. Inspired by nature's ability to selectively extract species in transpiration, we report a solar transpiration-powered lithium extraction and storage (STLES) device that can extract and store lithium from brines using natural sunlight. Specifically, the device uses a hierarchically structured solar transpirational evaporator to create a pressure gradient, which allows for the extraction of lithium from brines through a membrane and its storage in a vascular storage layer. Long-term experiments, various membrane tests, and different size assessments demonstrate the stability, compatibility, and scalability of STLES. This solar-powered mining technology provides an alternative developing pathway toward the sustainable extraction of critical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiqi Fang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ning Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Monong Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shuying Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Sustainable Energy and Resources, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Baoxia Mi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Sustainable Energy and Resources, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China
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3
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Fan F, Ren Y, Zhang S, Tang Z, Wang J, Han X, Yang Y, Lu G, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Zhang K, Gao J, Zhao J, Cui G, Tang B. A Bioinspired Membrane with Ultrahigh Li +/Na + and Li +/K + Separations Enables Direct Lithium Extraction from Brine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402898. [PMID: 39030996 PMCID: PMC11425256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Membranes with precise Li+/Na+ and Li+/K+ separations are imperative for lithium extraction from brine to address the lithium supply shortage. However, achieving this goal remains a daunting challenge due to the similar valence, chemical properties, and subtle atomic-scale distinctions among these monovalent cations. Herein, inspired by the strict size-sieving effect of biological ion channels, a membrane is presented based on nonporous crystalline materials featuring structurally rigid, dimensionally confined, and long-range ordered ion channels that exclusively permeate naked Li+ but block Na+ and K+. This naked-Li+-sieving behavior not only enables unprecedented Li+/Na+ and Li+/K+ selectivities up to 2707.4 and 5109.8, respectively, even surpassing the state-of-the-art membranes by at least two orders of magnitude, but also demonstrates impressive Li+/Mg2+ and Li+/Ca2+ separation capabilities. Moreover, this bioinspired membrane has to be utilized for creating a one-step lithium extraction strategy from natural brines rich in Na+, K+, and Mg2+ without utilizing chemicals or creating solid waste, and it simultaneously produces hydrogen. This research has proposed a new type of ion-sieving membrane and also provides an envisioning of the design paradigm and development of advanced membranes, ion separation, and lithium extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faying Fan
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yongwen Ren
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhilei Tang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guoli Lu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yaojian Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | | | - Jun Gao
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Tang Bo's institution, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
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4
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Heo NJ, Oh JH, Li A, Lee K, He Q, Sessler JL, Kim SK. Ion pair extractant selective for LiCl and LiBr. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03760j. [PMID: 39144460 PMCID: PMC11317791 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Improved methods for achieving the selective extraction of lithium salts from lithium sources, including rocky ores, salt-lake brines, and end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, could help address projected increases in the demand for lithium. Here, we report an ion pair receptor (2) capable of extracting LiCl and LiBr into an organic receiving phase both from the solid state and from aqueous solutions. Ion pair receptor 2 consists of a calix[4]pyrrole framework, which acts as an anion binding site, linked to a phenanthroline cation binding motif via ether linkages. Receptor 2 binds MgBr2 and CaCl2 with high selectivity over the corresponding lithium salts in a nonpolar aprotic solvent. The preference for Mg2+ and Ca2+ salts is reversed in polar protic media, allowing receptor 2 to complex LiCl and LiBr with high selectivity and affinity in organic media containing methanol or water. The effectiveness of receptor 2 as an extractant for LiCl and LiBr under liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) conditions was found to be enhanced by the presence of other potentially competitive salts in the aqueous source phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Jung Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
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5
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Wang S, Szymanski NJ, Fei Y, Dong W, Christensen JN, Zeng Y, Whittaker M, Ceder G. Direct Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene through Solid-State Reactions for Sustainable Li 2CO 3 Production. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13576-13584. [PMID: 38981128 PMCID: PMC11270991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
With increasing battery demand comes a need for diversified Li sources beyond brines. Among all Li-bearing minerals, spodumene is most often used for its high Li content and natural abundance. However, the traditional approach to process spodumene is costly and energy-intensive, requiring the mineral be transformed from its natural α to β phase at >1000 °C. Acid leaching is then applied, followed by neutralization to precipitate Li2CO3. In this work, we report an alternative method to extract Li directly from α-spodumene, which is performed at lower temperatures and avoids the use of acids. It is shown that Li2CO3 is formed with >90% yield at 750 °C by reacting α-spodumene with Na2CO3 and Al2O3. The addition of Al2O3 is critical to reduce the amount of Li2SiO3 that forms when only Na2CO3 is used, instead providing increased thermodynamic driving force to form NaAlSiO4 and Li2CO3 as the sole products. We find that this reaction is most effective at 4 h, after which volatility limits the yield. Following its extraction, Li2CO3 can be isolated by washing the sample using deionized water. This energy-saving and acid-free route to obtain Li2CO3 directly from spodumene can help meet the growing demand for Li.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Wang
- Department
of Mat. Sci. & Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathan J. Szymanski
- Department
of Mat. Sci. & Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuxing Fei
- Department
of Mat. Sci. & Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wenming Dong
- Energy
Geosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John N. Christensen
- Energy
Geosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yan Zeng
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Michael Whittaker
- Energy
Geosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Earth & Planetary Sci., UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department
of Mat. Sci. & Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Yang X, Wen H, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhang H, Fu J, Li G, Liu Q, Jiang G. Lithium Pollution and Its Associated Health Risks in the Largest Lithium Extraction Industrial Area in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11637-11648. [PMID: 38822815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is an important resource that drives sustainable mobility and renewable energy. Its demand is projected to continue to increase in the coming decades. However, the risk of Li pollution has also emerged as a global concern. Here, we investigated the pollution characteristics, sources, exposure levels, and associated health risks of Li in the Jinjiang River basin, the largest area for Li2CO3 production in China. Our results revealed the dominant role of Li extraction activities in the pollution of the river, with over 95% of dissolved Li in downstream river water being emitted from this source. Moreover, the Li concentration in aquatic plants (i.e., water hyacinth) and animals (i.e., fish) significantly increased from upstream to downstream areas, indicating a significant risk to local aquatic ecosystems. More importantly, our study found that local residents were suffering potential chronic noncarcinogenic health risks primarily from consuming contaminated water and vegetables. We also investigated the pollution characteristics of associated elements present in Li ores (e.g., Rb, Cs, Ni, and F-). By uncovering the remarkable impact of Li extraction activities on the Li content in ecosystems for the first time, our study emphasizes the importance of evaluating Li pollution from Li-related industrial activities, including mining, extraction, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Haonan Wen
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
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7
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Smith KH, Mackey JE, Wenzlick M, Thomas B, Siefert NS. Critical mineral source potential from oil & gas produced waters in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172573. [PMID: 38641103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The volume of produced water, a by-product of oil & gas operations and other energy processes, has been growing across the United States (U.S.) along with the need to manage or recycle this wastewater. Produced water contains many naturally occurring elements of varying concentrations, including critical minerals which are essential to the clean energy transition. However, the current understanding of critical mineral concentrations in produced water and the associated volumes across the U.S. is limited. This study has assessed available databases and literature to gain insight into the presence and concentration of five high priority critical minerals, namely cobalt, lithium, magnesium, manganese, and nickel. The U.S. Geological Survey's National Produced Waters Geochemical Database was the main data source used for determining average critical mineral concentrations in produced water from the major oil and gas reservoirs in the U.S. The volumes of produced water for these major reservoirs were coupled with these concentrations to provide insights into where critical minerals are likely to have high abundance and therefore more recovery options. The analysis indicated the highest recovery potential for lithium and magnesium from produced water in the Permian basin and the Marcellus shale region. However, these assessments should be considered conservative due to the limited availability of reliable concentration data. It is expected more critical mineral recovery options could emerge with comprehensive characterization data from more recent and representative sources of produced water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Smith
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA; Carbon Capture Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Justin E Mackey
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA; NETL Support Contractor, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Madison Wenzlick
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Albany, OR 97321, USA; NETL Support Contractor, Albany, OR 97321, USA
| | - Burt Thomas
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Albany, OR 97321, USA
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8
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Liu W, Liu M, Ma F, Qin M, Zhong W, Chen X, Zeng Z, Cheng S, Xie J. Direct lithium extraction from spent batteries for efficient lithium recycling. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1697-1705. [PMID: 38453538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The flourishing expansion of the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) market has led to a surge in the demand for lithium resources. Developing efficient recycling technologies for imminent large-scale retired LIBs can significantly facilitate the sustainable utilization of lithium resources. Here, we successfully extract active lithium from spent LIBs through a simple, efficient, and low-energy-consumption chemical leaching process at room temperature, using a solution comprised of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ether solvents. The mechanism of lithium extraction is elucidated by clarifying the relationship between the redox potential and extraction efficiency. More importantly, the reclaimed active lithium is directly employed to fabricate LiFePO4 cathode with performance comparable to commercial materials. When implemented in 56 Ah prismatic cells, the cells deliver stable cycling properties with a capacity retention of ∼90% after 1200 cycles. Compared with the other strategies, this technical approach shows superior economic benefits and practical promise. It is anticipated that this method may redefine the recycling paradigm for retired LIBs and drive the sustainable development of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mengchuang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- GuSu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingsheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shijie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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9
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Udoetok IA, Karoyo AH, Ubuo EE, Asuquo ED. Granulation of Lithium-Ion Sieves Using Biopolymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1520. [PMID: 38891466 PMCID: PMC11174407 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The high demand for lithium (Li) relates to clean, renewable storage devices and the advent of electric vehicles (EVs). The extraction of Li ions from aqueous media calls for efficient adsorbent materials with various characteristics, such as good adsorption capacity, good selectivity, easy isolation of the Li-loaded adsorbents, and good recovery of the adsorbed Li ions. The widespread use of metal-based adsorbent materials for Li ions extraction relates to various factors: (i) the ease of preparation via inexpensive and facile templation techniques, (ii) excellent selectivity for Li ions in a matrix, (iii) high recovery of the adsorbed ions, and (iv) good cycling performance of the adsorbents. However, the use of nano-sized metal-based Lithium-ion sieves (LISs) is limited due to challenges associated with isolating the loaded adsorbent material from the aqueous media. The adsorbent granulation process employing various binding agents (e.g., biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and inorganic materials) affords composite functional particles with modified morphological and surface properties that support easy isolation from the aqueous phase upon adsorption of Li ions. Biomaterials (e.g., chitosan, cellulose, alginate, and agar) are of particular interest because their structural diversity renders them amenable to coordination interactions with metal-based LISs to form three-dimensional bio-composite materials. The current review highlights recent progress in the use of biopolymer binding agents for the granulation of metal-based LISs, along with various crosslinking strategies employed to improve the mechanical stability of the granules. The study reviews the effects of granulation and crosslinking on adsorption capacity, selectivity, isolation, recovery, cycling performance, and the stability of the LISs. Adsorbent granulation using biopolymer binders has been reported to modify the uptake properties of the resulting composite materials to varying degrees in accordance with the surface and textural properties of the binding agent. The review further highlights the importance of granulation and crosslinking for improving the extraction process of Li ions from aqueous media. This review contributes to manifold areas related to industrial application of LISs, as follows: (1) to highlight recent progress in the granulation and crosslinking of metal-based adsorbents for Li ions recovery, (2) to highlight the advantages, challenges, and knowledge gaps of using biopolymer-based binders for granulation of LISs, and finally, (3) to catalyze further research interest into the use of biopolymer binders and various crosslinking strategies to engineer functional composite materials for application in Li extraction industry. Properly engineered extractants for Li ions are expected to offer various cost benefits in terms of capital expenditure, percent Li recovery, and reduced environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inimfon A. Udoetok
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Lithium Research Centre, Arizona Lithium, 615 W Elliot Rd, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA
| | - Abdalla H. Karoyo
- Research and Development, Nortek Data Center Cooling, 1502D Quebec Ave, Saskatoon, SK S7K 1V7, Canada
| | - Emmanuel E. Ubuo
- Department of Chemistry, Akwa Ibom State University, Mkpat Enin 532111, Nigeria;
| | - Edidiong D. Asuquo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
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10
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Chen YZ, He YC, Yan L, Zhao W, Wu B. Selective Solid-Liquid Extraction of Lithium Cation Using Tripodal Sulfate-Binding Receptors Driven by Electrostatic Interactions. Molecules 2024; 29:2445. [PMID: 38893321 PMCID: PMC11173669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the important role of and increasing demand for lithium resources, lithium extraction is crucial. The use of molecular extractants is a promising strategy for selective lithium recovery, in which the interaction between lithium and the designed extractant can be manipulated at the molecular level. Herein, we demonstrate that anion receptors of tripodal hexaureas can selectively extract Li2SO4 solids into water containing DMSO (0.8% water) compared to other alkali metal sulfates. The hexaurea receptor with terminal hexyl chains displays the best Li+ extraction selectivity at 2-fold over Na+ and 12.5-fold over K+. The driving force underpinning selective lithium extraction is due to the combined interactions of Li+-SO42- electrostatics and the ion-dipole interaction of the lithium-receptor (carbonyl groups and N atoms); the latter was found to be cation size dependent, as supported by computational calculations. This work indicates that anion binding receptors could drive selective cation extraction, thus providing new insights into the design of receptors for ion recognition and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying-Chun He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Yan
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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11
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Shakoor N, Tariq S, Adeel M, Azeem I, Nadeem M, Zain M, Li Y, Quanlong W, Aslam R, Rui Y. Cryptic footprint of thallium in soil-plant systems; A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141767. [PMID: 38537715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The current review highlights the complex behavior of thallium (Tl) in soil and plant systems, offering insight into its hazardous characteristics and far-reaching implications. The research investigates the many sources of Tl, from its natural existence in the earth crust to its increased release through anthropogenic activities such as industrial operations and mining. Soil emerges as a significant reservoir of Tl, with diverse physicochemical variables influencing bioavailability and entrance into the food chain, notably in Brassicaceae family members. Additionally, the study highlights a critical knowledge gap concerning Tl influence on legumes (e.g., soybean), underlining the pressing demand for additional studies in this crucial sector. Despite the importance of leguminous crops in the world food supply and soil fertility, the possible impacts of Tl on these crops have received little attention. As we traverse the ecological complexity of Tl, this review advocates the collaborative research efforts to eliminate crucial gaps and provide solutions for reducing Tl detrimental impacts on soil and plant systems. This effort intends to pave the path for sustainable agricultural practices by emphasizing the creation of Tl-tolerant legume varieties and revealing the complicated dynamics of Tl-plant interactions, assuring the long-term durability of our food systems against the danger of Tl toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Samama Tariq
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519087, PR China.
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wang Quanlong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rabia Aslam
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; China Agricultural University Professor Workstation of Tangshan Jinhai New Material Co., Ltd., Tangshan City, Hebei, China; China Agricultural University Shanghe County Baiqiao Town Science and Technology Courtyard, Shanghe County, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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12
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Tan G, Wan S, Chen JJ, Yu HQ, Yu Y. Reduced Lattice Constant in Al-Doped LiMn 2O 4 Nanoparticles for Boosted Electrochemical Lithium Extraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310657. [PMID: 38193844 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracting lithium selectively and efficiently from brine sources is crucial for addressing energy and environmental challenges. The electrochemical system employing LiMn2O4 (LMO) electrodes has been recognized as an effective method for lithium recovery. However, the lithium selectivity and stability of LMO need further enhancement for its practical applications. Herein, the Al-doped LMO with reduced lattice constant is successfully fabricated through a facile one-step solid-state sintering method, leading to enhanced lithium selectivity. The reduced lattice constant in Al-doped LMO is proved through spectroscopic analyses and theoretic calculations. Compared to the original LMO, the Al-doped LMO (LiAl0.05Mn1.95O4, LMO-Al0.05) exhibits highercapacitance, lower resistance, and improved stability. Moreover, the LMO-Al0.05 with reduced lattice constant can offer higher Li+ diffusion coefficient and lower intercalation energy revealed by cyclic voltammetry and multiscale simulations. When employed in hybrid capacitive deionization (CDI), the LMO-Al0.05 obtains a Li+ intercalation capacity of 21.7 mg g-1 and low energy consumption of 2.6 Wh mol-1 Li+. Importantly, the LMO-Al0.05 achieves a high Li+ extraction percentage (≈86%) with Li+/Na+ and Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of 1653.8 and 434.9, respectively, in synthetic brine. The results demonstrate that the Al-doped LMO with reduced lattice constant could be a sustainable solution for electrochemical lithium extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jie-Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Lv Y, Dai Z, Chen Y, Lu Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Zhai W, Yu Y, Wen Z, Cui Y, Liu W. Two-Dimensional Sulfonate-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Efficient Lithium-Ion Sieving. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2782-2788. [PMID: 38411082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) membranes have shown promising potential for ion-selective separation but often suffer from the trade-off between permeability and selectivity. Herein, we report an ultrathin 2D sulfonate-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) membrane for efficient lithium-ion sieving. The narrow pores with angstrom precision in the MOF assist hydrated ions to partially remove the hydration shell, according to different hydration energies. The abundant sulfonate groups in the MOF channels serve as hopping sites for fast lithium-ion transport, contributing to a high Li-ion permeability. Then, the difference in affinity of the Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ ions to the terminal sulfonate groups further enhances the Li-ion selectivity. The reported ultrathin MOF membrane overcomes the trade-off between permeability and selectivity and opens up a new avenue for highly permselective membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Lv
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhongqin Dai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinshui Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiameng Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenbo Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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14
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Liu J, Yuan W, Lin K, Wang J, Sonne C, Rinklebe J. Thallium Pollution from the Lithium Industry Calls for Urgent International Action on Regulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19099-19101. [PMID: 37991818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhuan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Lin
- Earth Observatory of Singapore and Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Faculty of Technological Sciences, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42285, Germany
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Peng H, Liu X, Su Y, Li J, Zhao Q. Advanced Lithium Extraction Membranes Derived from Tagged-Modification of Polyamide Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312795. [PMID: 37796136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient Mg2+ /Li+ separation is crucial to combating the lithium shortage worldwide, yet current nanofiltration membranes suffer from low efficacy and/or poor scalability, because desirable properties of membranes are entangled and there is a trade-off. This work reports a "tagged-modification" approach to tackle the challenge. A mixture of 3-bromo-trimethylpropan-1-aminium bromide (E1 ) and 3-aminopropyltrimethylazanium (E2 ) was designed to modify polyethylenimine - trimesoyl chloride (PEI-TMC) membranes. E1 and E2 reacted with the PEI and TMC, respectively, and thus, the membrane properties (hydrophilicity, pore sizes, charge) were untangled and intensified simultaneously. The permeance (34.3 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 ) and Mg2+ /Li+ selectivity (23.2) of the modified membranes are about 4 times and 2 times higher than the pristine membrane, and they remain stable in a 30-days test. The permeance is the highest among all analogous nanofiltration membranes. The tagged-modification method enables the preparation of large-area membranes and modules that produce high-purity lithium carbonate (Li2 CO3 ) from simulated brine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xufei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Su
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
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