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Honma K, Honda Y, Nagase M, Nakao Y, Harada T, Sasanuma N, Uchiyama Y, Kodama N, Domen K. Impact of skeletal muscle mass on functional prognosis in acute stroke: A cohort study. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 112:43-47. [PMID: 37062242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in skeletal muscle mass affect physical performance in chronic stroke survivors. The skeletal muscle mass index is thus an important assessment factor in stroke; however, its value in the acute phase is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between skeletal muscle mass and acute stroke outcome. DESIGN This was a single-center cohort study design. PARTICIPANTS A total of 189 consecutively hospitalized patients with acute stroke were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome of the study was a good modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at hospital discharge. We divided the participants into good (mRS score 0-2) and poor (mRS score 3-6) function groups. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with functional prognosis. RESULTS Atrial fibrillation (odds ratio [OR], 14.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.45-91.39; P = 0.003), pre-mRS (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.05-4.68; P = 0.036), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 01.12-1.56; P = 0.001), skeletal muscle mass index (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11-0.87; P = 0.027), and Lower Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.82; P = 0.000) were all independently associated with the functional prognosis of the patients included in the study. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that skeletal muscle mass is a strong prognostic factor in acute stroke. Thus, prestroke skeletal muscle mass, along with stroke severity and lower limb paralysis, needs to be assessed to more accurately determine the prognosis of patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Honma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Honda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagase
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakao
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Harada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasanuma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuki Uchiyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kodama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Domen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
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Schierbauer J, Günther S, Haupt S, Zimmer RT, Herz D, Voit T, Zimmermann P, Wachsmuth NB, Aberer F, Moser O. Acute Fluid Intake Impacts Assessment of Body Composition via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040473. [PMID: 37110132 PMCID: PMC10143694 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has proven to be particularly useful due to its inexpensive and rapid assessment of total body water and body density. However, recent fluid intake may confound BIA results since equilibration of fluid between intra- and extracellular spaces may take several hours and furthermore, ingested fluids may not be fully absorbed. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of different fluid compositions on the BIA. A total of eighteen healthy individuals (10 females, mean ± SD age of 23.1 ± 1.8 years) performed a baseline measurement of body composition before they consumed isotonic 0.9% sodium-chloride (ISO), 5% glucose (GLU) or Ringer (RIN) solutions. During the visit of the control arm (CON), no fluid was consumed. Further impedance analyses were conducted every 10 min after the fluid consumption for 120 min. We found statistically significant interactions between the effects of solution ingestion and time for intra- (ICW, p < 0.01) and extracellular water (ECW, p < 0.0001), skeletal muscle mass (SMM, p < 0.001) and body fat mass (FM, p < 0.01), respectively. Simple main effects analysis showed that time had a statistically significant effect on changes in ICW (p < 0.01), ECW (p < 0.01), SMM (p < 0.01) and FM (p < 0.01), while fluid intake did not have a significant effect. Our results highlight the importance of a standardized pre-measurement nutrition, with particular attention to hydration status when using a BIA for the evaluation of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-921-55-3467
| | - Svenja Günther
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Rebecca T. Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Daniel Herz
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Nadine B. Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Felix Aberer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Tinsley GM, Siedler MR, Rodriguez C, Harty PS, Stratton MT, White SJ, Keith DS, Green JJ, Boykin JR, Williams AD, DeHaven B, Brojanac A, Tinoco E. Evaluation of novel beverage formulations for hydration enhancement in humans. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2023; 14:3-12. [PMID: 37416523 PMCID: PMC10320569 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of novel beverage formulations on bioimpedance- and urine-based hydration markers. Thirty young healthy adults (n=16 females, n=14 males; age: 23.2±3.7 years; BMI: 24.3±3.3 kg/m2) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants completed three conditions with baseline bioimpedance, urine, and body mass assessments, followed by ingestion of one liter of a test beverage over a 30-minute period. The three beverages were: active hydration formulation in still (AFstill) or sparkling (AFspark) water and a still water control. The active formulations were identical in concentrations of alpha-cyclodextrin and complexing agents. Following beverage ingestion, bioimpedance assessments were performed every 15 minutes for two hours, followed by final urinary and body mass assessments. The primary bioimpedance outcomes were phase angle at 50 kHz, resistance of the extra-cellular compartment (R0), and resistance of the intracellular compartment (Ri). Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models, Friedman tests, and Wilcoxon tests. Statistically significant changes in phase angle values were observed at 30 (p=0.004) and 45 minutes (p=0.024) following the initiation of beverage ingestion in the AFstill condition as compared to the reference model (i.e., control condition at baseline). Although differences between conditions were not statistically significant at later time points, the data were consistent with AFstill having greater elevations in phase angle throughout the monitoring period. At the 30-minute time point only, statistically significant differences in R0 for AFspark (p<0.001) and in Ri for AFstill (p=0.008) were observed. When averaged across post-ingestion time points, there was a trend (p=0.08) for Ri differences between conditions. The net fluid balance was greater than zero, indicating retention of ingested fluid, for AFstill (p=0.02) and control (p=0.03), with a trend for AFspark (p=0.06). In conclusion, an active formulation containing alpha-cyclodextrin in still water demonstrated potential benefits for enhancing hydration markers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M. Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Madelin R. Siedler
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Christian Rodriguez
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Patrick S. Harty
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Kinesiology; College of Science, Technology, and Health; Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Matthew T. Stratton
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Sport; University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Sarah J. White
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dale S. Keith
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jacob J. Green
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jake R. Boykin
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Abegale D. Williams
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brielle DeHaven
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra Brojanac
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ethan Tinoco
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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4
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Rodriguez C, Florez CM, Prather J, Zaragoza J, Tinnin M, Brennan KL, Taylor L, Tinsley GM. Influence of Upper-Extremity and Lower-Extremity Resistance Exercise on Segmental Body Composition and Body Fluid Estimates. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 37:1042-1051. [PMID: 36730583 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rodriguez, C, Florez, CM, Prather, J, Zaragoza, J, Tinnin, M, Brennan, KL, Taylor, L, and Tinsley, GM. Influence of upper-extremity and lower-extremity resistance exercise on segmental body composition and body fluid estimates. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The purpose of this analysis was to determine if acute, localized resistance exercise (RE) artificially influences total and regional estimates of body composition from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Recreationally active male (n = 14) and female (n = 18) subjects completed 3 testing visits: rest (R), upper-extremity RE (U), and lower-extremity RE (L). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were completed before exercise and 60 minutes after exercise. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was completed immediately before and after exercise and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after exercise. Subjects were not allowed to intake fluid during the exercise session or during the postexercise assessment period. The effects of the acute RE session on DXA and BIA estimates were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with a random intercept for subject. Condition by time interactions were observed for most BIA outcomes. Relative to the reference model (i.e., R condition at baseline), total body water and fat-free mass estimates were, on average, approximately 1 and approximately 1.2 kg higher, in the U condition. In contrast, lower-extremity RE exerted little or no impact on most BIA variables. Some DXA estimates exhibited time main effects, but the magnitude of changes was negligible. An acute bout of localized RE, particularly upper-extremity RE, can artificially influence BIA body fluid and composition estimates, whereas DXA may be robust to the acute biological error introduced by RE. Although body composition assessments should ideally be conducted under standardized conditions, DXA may be suitable in less standardized situations. In addition, BIA is differentially influenced by upper-extremity and lower-extremity resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rodriguez
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Christine M Florez
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas
| | - Jessica Prather
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas
| | - Javier Zaragoza
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| | - Matthias Tinnin
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas
| | - Kindyle L Brennan
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas
| | - Lem Taylor
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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5
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Tracking changes in body composition: comparison of methods and influence of pre-assessment standardisation. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1656-1674. [PMID: 34325758 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the validity of multiple assessment methods for tracking changes in body composition over time and quantifies the influence of unstandardised pre-assessment procedures. Resistance-trained males underwent 6 weeks of structured resistance training alongside a hyperenergetic diet, with four total body composition evaluations. Pre-intervention, body composition was estimated in standardised (i.e. overnight fasted and rested) and unstandardised (i.e. no control over pre-assessment activities) conditions within a single day. The same assessments were repeated post-intervention, and body composition changes were estimated from all possible combinations of pre-intervention and post-intervention data. Assessment methods included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography, three-dimensional optical imaging, single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, bioimpedance spectroscopy and multi-component models. Data were analysed using equivalence testing, Bland-Altman analysis, Friedman tests and validity metrics. Most methods demonstrated meaningful errors when unstandardised conditions were present pre- and/or post-intervention, resulting in blunted or exaggerated changes relative to true body composition changes. However, some methods - particularly DXA and select digital anthropometry techniques - were more robust to a lack of standardisation. In standardised conditions, methods exhibiting the highest overall agreement with the four-component model were other multi-component models, select bioimpedance technologies, DXA and select digital anthropometry techniques. Although specific methods varied, the present study broadly demonstrates the importance of controlling and documenting standardisation procedures prior to body composition assessments across distinct assessment technologies, particularly for longitudinal investigations. Additionally, there are meaningful differences in the ability of common methods to track longitudinal body composition changes.
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6
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Wagner DR. Bioelectrical Impedance Changes of the Trunk are Opposite the Limbs Following Acute Hydration Change. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2022; 13:25-30. [PMID: 35855420 PMCID: PMC9252176 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in impedance and estimates of body composition variables obtained from segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMFBIA) following acute hydration change. All participants (N = 11 active adults) had SMFBIA measurements at baseline (euhydration), post-dehydration, and post-hyperhydration in an experimental repeated-measures design. Dehydration and hyperhydration trials were randomized with the opposite treatment given 24 h later. Dehydration was achieved via a heat chamber of 40 °C and 60% relative humidity. Hyperhydration was achieved by drinking lightly-salted water (30 mmol·L-1 NaCl; 1.76 g NaCl·L-1) within 30 min. Post-measurements were taken 30 min after each treatment. Despite changes in mass post-dehydration (Δ = -2.0%, p < 0.001) and post-hyperhydration (Δ = 1.2%, p < 0.001), SMFBIA estimates of total body water (TBW) did not change significantly across trials (p = 0.507), leading to significant differences (p < 0.001) in SMFBIA-estimates of body fat percentage across trials. Dehydration resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) 8% decrease in limb impedances at both 20 kHz and 100 kHz. Hyperhydration increased limb impedances only slightly (1.5%, p > 0.05). Impedance changes in the trunk followed an opposite pattern of the limbs. SMFBIA failed to track acute changes in TBW. Divergent impedance changes suggest the trunk is influenced by fluid volume, but the limbs are influenced by ion concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R. Wagner
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Tinsley GM, Stratton MT, Harty PS, Williams AD, White SJ, Rodriguez C, Dellinger JR, Johnson BA, Smith RW, Trexler ET. Influence of Acute Water Ingestion and Prolonged Standing on Raw Bioimpedance and Subsequent Body Fluid and Composition Estimates. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2022; 13:10-20. [PMID: 35646197 PMCID: PMC9124033 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of acute water ingestion and maintaining an upright posture on raw bioimpedance and subsequent estimates of body fluids and composition. Twenty healthy adults participated in a randomized crossover study. In both conditions, an overnight food and fluid fast was followed by an initial multi-frequency bioimpedance assessment (InBody 770). Participants then ingested 11 mL/kg of water (water condition) or did not (control condition) during a 5-minute period. Thereafter, bioimpedance assessments were performed every 10 minutes for one hour with participants remaining upright throughout. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the influence of condition and time on raw bioimpedance, body fluids, and body composition. Water consumption increased impedance of the arms but not trunk or legs. However, drift in leg impedance was observed, with decreasing values over time in both conditions. No effects of condition on body fluids were detected, but total body water and intracellular water decreased by ~0.5 kg over time in both conditions. Correspondingly, lean body mass did not differ between conditions but decreased over the measurement duration. The increase in body mass in the water condition was detected exclusively as fat mass, with final fat mass values ~1.3 kg higher than baseline and also higher than the control condition. Acute water ingestion and prolonged standing exert practically meaningful effects on relevant bioimpedance variables quantified by a modern, vertical multi-frequency analyzer. These findings have implications for pre-assessment standardization, methodological reporting, and interpretation of assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M. Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Matthew T. Stratton
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Patrick S. Harty
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Abegale D. Williams
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sarah J. White
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Christian Rodriguez
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jacob R. Dellinger
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Baylor A. Johnson
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert W. Smith
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, del Valle Soto M, Adams DP, González-Bernal JJ, Seco-Calvo J. The Effects of 6 Weeks of Tribulus terrestris L. Supplementation on Body Composition, Hormonal Response, Perceived Exertion, and CrossFit ® Performance: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3969. [PMID: 34836225 PMCID: PMC8623187 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) supplementation have been shown to enhance sports performance in many but not all studies. Moreover, data regarding the potential impact of TT supplementation on CrossFit® endurance is limited. This study aimed to determine whether TT supplementation improve body composition, hormonal response, and performance among CrossFit® athletes. In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 30 healthy CrossFit®-trained males were randomly allocated to receive either 770 mg of TT supplementation or a placebo daily for 6 weeks. Body mass, fat mass, fat composition, testosterone and cortisol levels, and CrossFit® performance (5 common Workouts of the Day: back squat, bench press, dead lift, Grace, and CrossFit® Total) were assessed before and after intervention. There were no significant group x time interactions for the outcomes of the study except for testosterone levels and bench press performance (p < 0.05). TT supplementation did not impact enhance performance or body composition in CrossFit® male athletes. However, TT supplementation may act as a testosterone booster helping the recovery after physical loads and mitigating fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Soria, University of Valladolid, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Miguel del Valle Soto
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - David P. Adams
- Dual Enrollment Program, Point University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA;
| | | | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain;
- Visiting Researcher of Basque Country University, Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 48900 Leioa, Spain
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Hasegawa D, Hori A, Okamura Y, Baba R, Suijo K, Mizuno M, Sugawara J, Kitatsuji K, Ogata H, Toda K, Hotta N. Aging exaggerates blood pressure response to ischemic rhythmic handgrip exercise in humans. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15125. [PMID: 34817113 PMCID: PMC8611780 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic skeletal muscle conditions are known to augment exercise-induced increases in blood pressure (BP). Aging is also a factor that enhances the pressor response to exercise. However, the effects of aging on the BP response to ischemic exercise remain unclear. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that aging enhances the BP response to rhythmic handgrip (RHG) exercise during postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). We divided the normotensive participants without cardiovascular diseases into three age groups: young (n = 26; age, 18-28 years), middle-aged (n = 23; age, 35-59 years), and older adults (n = 23; age, 60-80 years). The participants performed RHG exercise with minimal effort for 1 min after rest with and without PEMI, which was induced by inflating a cuff on the upper arm just before the isometric handgrip exercise ended; the intensity was 30% of maximal voluntary contraction force. Under PEMI, the increase in diastolic BP (DBP) from rest to RHG exercise in the older adult group (Δ13 ± 2 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in the young (Δ5 ± 2 mmHg) and middle-aged groups (Δ6 ± 1 mmHg), despite there being no significant difference between the groups in the DBP response from rest to RHG exercise without PEMI. Importantly, based on multiple regression analysis, age remained a significant independent determinant of both the SBP and DBP responses to RHG exercise during PEMI (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that aging enhances the pressor response to ischemic rhythmic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- Nagoya Heisei College of Nursing and Medical CareNagoyaJapan
| | - Amane Hori
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Yukiko Okamura
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Reizo Baba
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Kenichi Suijo
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Applied Clinical ResearchUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Jun Sugawara
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaJapan
| | - Koji Kitatsuji
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Hisayoshi Ogata
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Kaoru Toda
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Norio Hotta
- Graduate School of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
- College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
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10
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Mundstock E, Vendrusculo FM, Filho AD, Mattiello R. Consuming a low-calorie amount of routine food and drink does not affect bioimpedance body fat percentage in healthy individuals. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111426. [PMID: 34450384 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioimpedance analysis is a simple, safe, and relatively inexpensive method to assess body composition. The bioimpedance guidelines recommend that the test be performed after fasting and avoiding the consumption of liquids. Studies have verified the effects of consuming liquids and food on bioimpedance; however, these studies used preestablished meals and hydration. The aim of the present study is to identify whether ad libitum food and liquid intake interfere with body composition parameters estimated via bioimpedance. METHODS The evaluations were carried out over 2 d. On the first d, the hydration protocol was applied and on the second d, the food protocol. In both cases, bioimpedance was performed after an 8-h overnight fast. The test was repeated 30 min after the intake of liquids or food depending on the protocol. The reproducibility between the pre- and posttest evaluations was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. We considered deviations of up to 5% in the limits of agreement to be clinically acceptable. RESULTS In the hydration protocol, the mean difference in fat percentage (FP) was -0.50 (P = 0.05), the lower limit of agreement was -3.60%, and the upper limit of agreement was 2.61%. In the food protocol, the mean difference in FP was 0.002 (P = 0.99), the lower limit of agreement was -3.20%, and the upper limit of agreement was 3.20%. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that ad libitum food and liquid intake do not cause a change above clinically acceptable levels in the FP estimated by bioimpedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mundstock
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Departamento de Desporto Escolar, Secretaria de Educação, Esporte e Lazer de Canela/RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rita Mattiello
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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11
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Mota JF, Gonzalez MC, Lukaski H, Oto GL, Trottier CF, Tibaes JRB, Prado CM. The influence of coffee consumption on bioelectrical impedance parameters: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:212-219. [PMID: 33986493 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely used method for estimating body composition. Avoiding foods/beverages containing caffeine is a frequently enforced pre-test protocol to ensure reliability of BIA measurements. However, few studies have evaluated whether this is necessary, with conflicting results. We aimed to determine whether the coffee consumption differing in caffeine content influences BIA parameters in healthy adults. METHODS Twenty-five healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial. Three amounts of caffeine were given with 200 mL of coffee: 0 mg (11 g of decaffeinated), 200 mg (5.5 g of caffeinated plus 5.5 g of decaffeinated), and 400 mg of caffeine (11 g of caffeinated). BIA measurements were conducted at 6 different times, and coefficient variations (CV) explored. RESULTS No differences were observed for group × time interaction on impedance, resistance, or reactance (p > 0.05). Values of BIA parameters increased after 30-min of coffee consumption, independently of the caffeine dosage (all p < 0.001). Body fat percentage followed the same pattern and increased after 45-min (p < 0.05). Median CV for consecutive impedance, resistance, and reactance measurements were >95%CI of expected device measurement error over 70-min, without difference between groups. Urine output volume was not different between groups (decaffeinated: 440.45 ± 197.57 mL; 200 mg: 471.80 ± 171.88 mL; 400 mg: 489.30 ± 204.10 mL, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Coffee consumption influenced BIA-derived results after 70-min but was not related to caffeine content, likely due to water intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Mota
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada. .,Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74.605-080, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96055-800, Brazil
| | - Henry Lukaski
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Gabriela L Oto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Claire F Trottier
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jenneffer R B Tibaes
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Rua Professor Moacir Gomes de Freitas - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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12
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Body fatness in sedentary and active students with different body mass index. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: Numerous data have indicated that body fat stores undergo complicated regulation by genetic and environmental factors, including physical activity. However, the majority of studies did not take into account this aspect of lifestyle in proposed body fat limits. In this context it seems that a more precise and reliable classification of body fat is provided by the American Council on Exercise (ACE), which distinguishes individuals not only with respect to sex but also activity level.
Material and methods: A total of 793 students (312 sedentary and 481 active) volunteered to participate in the study. Among sedentary participants 147 were male and 165 female. Among active subjects 206 were male and 275 were female. Active subjects were engaged in different modes of physical activity according to the study program. In all participants body mass index (BMI) was calculated. In participants with BMI 18.5–24.9 and BMI ≥ 25 body fat was determined using four skinfold measurements. Thereafter participants were classified according to the percentage of body fat using ranges for males and females provided by the American Council on Exercise (ACE) (essential fat, athletes, fitness, average and obese fatness).
Results: None of the sedentary and active males with BMI 18.5–24.9 had high (obese) fat. In contrast, in sedentary males with BMI ≥ 25 16.4% were obese vs. 1.8% of obese active ones. In sedentary females BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 did not exclude obesity, which was found in 16.9% of participants. In sedentary females with BMI ≥ 25 most of the subjects (97.1%) were obese. In contrast, in active females with BMI ≥ 25 a similar percentage of participants had average and obese fat (53.3% and 46.7, respectively).
Discussion: Our study clearly demonstrated that BMI as a simple measure of body composition provides false information concerning true adiposity in physically active male and female students. A similar BMI did not exclude marked differences in the percentage of body fat in sedentary and active students.
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13
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Modifiable Physical Factors Associated With Physical Functioning for Patients Receiving Dialysis: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:475-489. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients receiving dialysis have reduced physical function, which is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and decreased quality of life. The authors aimed to identify and explore modifiable physical factors associated with physical function for patients receiving dialysis. Methods: Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Ovid Emcare, and The Cochrane Library in October 2018. Etiological studies involving dialysis populations that report association or predictive statistics between a modifiable physical factor and physical function were eligible for inclusion. Predictor variables were (1) modifiable via exercise and (2) considered an impairment in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results: Of 5384 titles screened, 23 studies were included. Thirteen studies focused on physical activity levels and muscle strength and the relationship with physical function while 2 studies investigated sedentary behavior. Twenty-one studies focused on hemodialysis populations. Studies related to physical activity levels displayed a moderately strong relationship with physical function, whereas muscle strength displayed a predominantly weak to moderate relationship. Conclusions: Physical activity levels, sedentary behavior levels, and muscle strength are related to physical function status for patients receiving dialysis. There is a need for robust longitudinal data to confirm the results of this investigation and for more focus on populations receiving peritoneal dialysis.
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14
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Ohyama K, Watanabe M, Nosaki Y, Hara T, Iwai K, Mokuno K. Correlation Between Skeletal Muscle Mass Deficit and Poor Functional Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104623. [PMID: 31952978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, the correlation between sarcopenia, which exists before a stroke, and acute stroke outcome remains partially understood. This study aims to evaluate the skeletal muscle mass deficit using the bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We enrolled 164 geriatric patients with acute ischemic stroke (108 males and 56 females) who underwent the bioelectrical impedance analysis. We evaluated clinical outcomes and their impact on patients with the skeletal muscle mass deficit determined using the skeletal muscle mass index. RESULTS The skeletal muscle mass deficit was obtained using the bioelectrical impedance analysis in 101 patients. Patients with the skeletal muscle mass deficit determined by the skeletal muscle mass index exhibited severe neurological impairment and functional status on admission; moreover, they tended to display poor functional outcome and prolonged hospital stay. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the skeletal muscle mass deficit remained an independent poor outcome predictor. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the presence of the skeletal muscle mass deficit in over half patients with acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the skeletal muscle mass deficit correlates with neurological impairment owing to stroke with poorer functional prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ohyama
- Department of Neurology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan.
| | - Maki Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nosaki
- Department of Neurology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hara
- Department of Neurology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Katsushige Iwai
- Department of Neurology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Mokuno
- Department of Neurology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
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15
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Głąbska D, Cackowska K, Guzek D. Comparison of the Body Composition of Caucasian Young Normal Body Mass Women, Measured in the Follicular Phase, Depending on the Carbohydrate Diet Level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54060104. [PMID: 30563184 PMCID: PMC6306892 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Some publications indicate the possibility of the influence of meal nutritional value on results of bioelectrical impedance, and of the relation between the long-term carbohydrate intake and body composition. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the influence of long-term intake of carbohydrates on body composition results assessed using the bioelectrical impedance of Caucasian young women with normal body mass, who were in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: Body composition was assessed in 100 women (18–30 years), according to strict rules, to minimize the influence of disturbing factors and by using two types of bioelectrical impedance device of the same operator to eliminate the influence of measurement (BIA 101/SC and BIA 101/ASE by Akern Srl, Firenze, Italy with the Bodygram 1.31 software and its equations by Akern Srl, Firenze, Italy). The analysis included validation of reproducibility of body composition assessment (fat, fat-free, body cell and muscle mass, water, extracellular water, and intracellular water content), and comparison of body composition for groups characterized by carbohydrate content <50% (n = 55) and >50% of the energy value of the diet (n = 45). Results: Analysis conducted using Bland–Altman method, analysis of correlation, analysis of quartile distribution, and weighted κ statistic revealed a positively validated reproducibility, but extracellular water associations were the weakest. Depending on the device, participants characterized by higher carbohydrate intake had significantly higher intracellular water content (p = 0.0448), or close to significantly higher (p = 0.0851) than those characterized by lower carbohydrate intake, whose extracellular water content was close to significantly lower (p = 0.0638) or did not differ. Conclusions: The long-term, moderately reduced, carbohydrate intake may cause the shift of intracellular water to the extracellular space and, as a result, influence the body composition results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Cackowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Influence of subject presentation on interpretation of body composition change after 6 months of self-selected training and diet in athletic males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1273-1286. [PMID: 29633017 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High precision body composition assessment methods accurately monitor physique traits in athletes. The acute impact of subject presentation (ad libitum food and fluid intake plus physical activity) on body composition estimation using field and laboratory methods has been quantified, but the impact on interpretation of longitudinal change is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of athlete presentation (standardised versus non-standardised) on interpretation of change in physique traits over time. Thirty athletic males (31.2 ± 7.5 years; 182.2 ± 6.5 cm; 91.7 ± 10.3 kg; 27.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) underwent two testing sessions on 1 day including surface anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and air displacement plethysmography (via the BOD POD), with combinations of these used to establish three-compartment (3C) and four-compartment (4C) models. METHODS Tests were conducted after an overnight fast (BASEam) and ~ 7 h later after ad libitum food/fluid and physical activity (BASEpm). This procedure was repeated 6 months later (POSTam and POSTpm). Magnitude of changes in the mean was assessed by standardisation. RESULTS After 6 months of self-selected training and diet, standardised presentation testing (BASEam to POSTam) identified trivial changes from the smallest worthwhile effect (SWE) in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) for all methods except for BIS (FM) where there was a large change (7.2%) from the SWE. Non-standardised follow-up testing (BASEam to POSTpm) showed trivial changes from the SWE except for small changes in FFM (BOD POD) of 1.1%, and in FM (3C and 4C models) of 6.4 and 3.5%. Large changes from the SWE were found in FFM (BIS, 3C and 4C models) of 2.2, 1.8 and 1.8% and in FM (BIS) of 6.4%. Non-standardised presentation testing (BASEpm to POSTpm) identified trivial changes from the SWE in FFM except for BIS which was small (1.1%). A moderate change from the SWE was found for BOD POD (3.3%) and large for BIS (9.4%) in FM estimations. CONCLUSIONS Changes in body composition utilising non-standardised presentation were more substantial and often in the opposite direction to those identified using standardised presentation, causing misinterpretation of change in physique traits. Standardised presentation prior to body composition assessment for athletic populations should be advocated to enhance interpretation of true change.
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17
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Hegelund MH, Wells JC, Girma T, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Zerfu D, Christensen DL, Friis H, Olsen MF. Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis in Ethiopian adults with HIV. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e62. [PMID: 29299309 PMCID: PMC5736632 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an inexpensive, quick and non-invasive method to determine body composition. Equations used in BIA are typically derived in healthy individuals of European descent. BIA is specific to health status and ethnicity and may therefore provide inaccurate results in populations of different ethnic origin and health status. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of BIA in Ethiopian antiretroviral-naive HIV patients. BIA was validated against the 2H dilution technique by comparing fat-free mass (FFM) measured by the two methods using paired t tests and Bland-Altman plots. BIA was based on single frequency (50 kHz) whole-body measurements. Data were obtained at three health facilities in Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, South-West Ethiopia. Data from 281 HIV-infected participants were available. Two-thirds were female and the mean age was 32·7 (sd 8·6) years. Also, 46 % were underweight with a BMI below 18·5 kg/m2. There were no differences in FFM between the methods. Overall, BIA slightly underestimated FFM by 0·1 kg (-0·1, 95 % CI -0·3, 0·2 kg). The Bland-Altman plot indicated acceptable agreement with an upper limit of agreement of 4·5 kg and a lower limit of agreement of -4·6 kg, but with a small correlation between the mean difference and the average FFM. BIA slightly overestimated FFM at low values compared with the 2H dilution technique, while it slightly underestimated FFM at high values. In conclusion, BIA proved to be valid in this population and may therefore be useful for measuring body composition in routine practice in HIV-infected African individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H. Hegelund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan C. Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tsinuel Girma
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dilnesaw Zerfu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette F. Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Impact of food and fluid intake on technical and biological measurement error in body composition assessment methods in athletes. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:591-601. [PMID: 28382898 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two, three and four compartment (2C, 3C and 4C) models of body composition are popular methods to measure fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in athletes. However, the impact of food and fluid intake on measurement error has not been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate standardised (overnight fasted, rested and hydrated) v. non-standardised (afternoon and non-fasted) presentation on technical and biological error on surface anthropometry (SA), 2C, 3C and 4C models. In thirty-two athletic males, measures of SA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD) were taken to establish 2C, 3C and 4C models. Tests were conducted after an overnight fast (duplicate), about 7 h later after ad libitum food and fluid intake, and repeated 24 h later before and after ingestion of a specified meal. Magnitudes of changes in the mean and typical errors of measurement were determined. Mean change scores for non-standardised presentation and post meal tests for FM were substantially large in BIS, SA, 3C and 4C models. For FFM, mean change scores for non-standardised conditions produced large changes for BIS, 3C and 4C models, small for DXA, trivial for BOD POD and SA. Models that included a total body water (TBW) value from BIS (3C and 4C) were more sensitive to TBW changes in non-standardised conditions than 2C models. Biological error is minimised in all models with standardised presentation but DXA and BOD POD are acceptable if acute food and fluid intake remains below 500 g.
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19
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Cutrufello PT, Dixon CB, Zavorsky GS. Hydration assessment among marathoners using urine specific gravity and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Res Sports Med 2016; 24:234-42. [PMID: 27373703 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2016.1202831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between urine specific gravity (Usg), body mass (BM) and bioelectrical impedance determined variables [total body water (TBW), per cent TBW and impedance values] before and after a marathon (n = 25 men; 10 women). A significant reduction in BM (pre: 71.2 ± 12.4 kg; post: 69.6 ± 12.0 kg; p < 0.001) and an increase in Usg (pre: 1.009 ± 0.007; post: 1.018 ± 0.009; p < 0.001) was observed post-race. TBW was not significantly decreased (pre: 42.7 ± 8.0 kg; post: 42.4 ± 7.7 kg) while per cent TBW significantly increased post-race (pre: 60.0 ± 3.9%; post: 60.8 ± 3.8%; p < 0.001). Impedance values were significantly greater post-race (pre: 3288 ± 482; post: 3416 ± 492 Ω; p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the change in Usg and the change in BM or any of the bioelectrical impedance determined variables. On average, BM, Usg and impedance values appear to express changes in hydration; however, the observed changes among these variables for a given individual appear to be inconsistent with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Cutrufello
- a Exercise Science and Sport , The University of Scranton , Scranton , PA , USA
| | - Curt B Dixon
- b Health Sciences Dept , Lock Haven University , Lock Haven , PA , USA
| | - Gerald S Zavorsky
- c Department of Health and Sports Sciences , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
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20
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Alencar MK, Beam JR, McCormick JJ, White AC, Salgado RM, Kravitz LR, Mermier CM, Gibson AL, Conn CA, Kolkmeyer D, Ferraro RT, Kerksick CM. Increased meal frequency attenuates fat-free mass losses and some markers of health status with a portion-controlled weight loss diet. Nutr Res 2015; 35:375-83. [PMID: 25862614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased meal frequency (MF) may be associated with improvements in blood markers of health and body composition during weight loss; however, this claim has not been validated. The purpose of the study was to determine if either a 2-meal (2 MF) or 6-meal frequency (6 MF) regimen can improve body composition and blood-based markers of health while consuming a portion-controlled equihypocaloric diet. Eleven (N=11) obese women (52 ± 7 years, 101.7 ± 22.6 kg, 39.1 ± 7.6 kg/m(2)) were randomized into treatment condition (2 MF or 6 MF) for 2 weeks, completed a 2-week washout, and alternated treatment conditions. In pre/post fashion, changes in body composition, glucose, insulin, and lipid components were measured in response to a test meal. Body mass was successfully lost (P ≤ .05) under both feeding regimens (2 MF: -2.8 ± 1.5 vs 6 MF: -1.9 ± 1.5 kg). Altering MF did not impact glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P>.05). On average, fat-free mass (FFM) decreased by -3.3% ± 2.6% following the 2 MF condition and, on average, increased by 1.2% ± 1.7% following the 6 MF condition (P ≤ .05). Fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) percentage increased during the 2 MF condition; this was significantly greater than that in the 6 MF condition (1.3% ± 12.2% vs 0.12% ± 10.3%) (P ≤ .05). Overall, reductions in MF (2 MF) were associated with improved HDL-C levels; but the clinical significance is not clear. Alternatively, increased MF (6 MF) did appear to favorably preserve FFM during weight loss. In conclusion, caloric restriction was effective in reducing body mass and attenuating FFM changes in body composition; however, glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism had no significant differences between MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Alencar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 92407.
| | - Jason R Beam
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; School of Fitness Education, Santa Fe Community College, Santa Fe, NM
| | - James J McCormick
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Ailish C White
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Roy M Salgado
- Department of Kinesiology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Len R Kravitz
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Ann L Gibson
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Carole A Conn
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | | | - Chad M Kerksick
- Department of Exercise Science, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO
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Cutrufello PT, Dixon CB. The effect of acute fluid consumption following exercise-induced fluid loss on hydration status, percent body fat, and minimum wrestling weight in wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:1928-36. [PMID: 24343328 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute fluid consumption (approximately 1 L) has been shown to reduce urine specific gravity (Usg) among subjects after an overnight fast, yet it is unknown if Usg may be reduced among subjects who have experienced exercise-induced fluid loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute fluid consumption on Usg, body mass, percent body fat (%BF), and minimum wrestling weight (MWW) following an exercise-induced fluid loss protocol. National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches' perceptions of the weight certification program (WCP) were also evaluated. Twelve men wrestlers (19.8 ± 1.14 years) were tested prepractice (PRE), postpractice (POST), and 1 hour after consuming 1 L of water (PFC). Percent body fat was measured by skinfolds (SF), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and multifrequency and leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis to calculate MWW. Urine specific gravity measurements significantly increased above PRE (1.013 ± 0.006) at the POST (1.019 ± 0.007; p = 0.017) and PFC (1.022 ± 0.008; p = 0.025) assessments; however, POST and PFC were not significantly different (p = 0.978) from one another. The %BF values were similar (p > 0.05) at each assessment point when using SF and ADP. When compared with PRE, MWW significantly reduced at the POST assessment when using SF (67.2 ± 8.4 vs. 65.7 ± 8.2 kg; p < 0.001) and ADP (66.6 ± 9.1 vs. 64.8 ± 9.0 kg; p = 0.001), reflecting the reduction in body mass observed after exercise. Forty-seven National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches completed the questionnaire and 2 central themes emerged: (a) concerns with the 1.5% weight loss plan and (b) wrestlers using strategies in an attempt to circumvent the WCP. Exercise-induced fluid loss followed by acute fluid consumption equal to 1 L was ineffective in reducing Usg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Cutrufello
- 1Department of Exercise Science and Sport, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania; and 2Health Science Department, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania
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Androutsos O, Gerasimidis K, Karanikolou A, Reilly JJ, Edwards CA. Impact of eating and drinking on body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 28:165-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Androutsos
- Human Nutrition; School of Medicine; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Glasgow UK
| | - K. Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition; School of Medicine; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Glasgow UK
| | - A. Karanikolou
- Human Nutrition; School of Medicine; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Glasgow UK
| | - J. J. Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group; School of Psychological Sciences and Health; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - C. A. Edwards
- Human Nutrition; School of Medicine; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Glasgow UK
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Dixon CB, Masteller B, Andreacci JL. The effect of a meal on measures of impedance and percent body fat estimated using contact-electrode bioelectrical impedance technology. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:950-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cutrufello PT, Dixon CB. The Effect of Acute Fluid Consumption and Hydration Status on Percent Body Fat and Minimum Wrestling Weight. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:1950-7. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318277981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Andreacci JL, Nagle T, Fitzgerald E, Rawson ES, Dixon CB. Effect of exercise intensity on percent body fat determined by leg-to-leg and segmental bioelectrical impedance analyses in adults. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2013; 84:88-95. [PMID: 23611012 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2013.762314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the impact that cycle ergometry exercise had on percent body fat (% BF) estimates when assessed using either leg-to-leg or segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (LBIA; SBIA) and whether the intensity of the exercise bout impacts the %BF magnitude of change. METHOD Seventy-four college-aged adults participated in this study. Participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions. Testing included two 30-min exercise sessions (70% HR(max) and 85% HR(max)) and a 30-min no-exercise session, which served as the control. RESULTS Following exercise, significant (p < .05) reductions in mean %BF were observed when using LBIA (70% HR(max) = 0.3%; 85% HR(max) = 0.5%) and SBIA (70% HR(max) = 0.8%; 85% HR(max) = 1.4%). The mean %BF reductions were significantly (p < .04) greater following exercise at the higher intensity for both analyzers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that cycle exercise performed before LBIA and SBIA body composition assessment reduces mean %BF estimates. In addition, the %BF reductions were found to be larger at the higher end of the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association recommended intensity range (85% HR(max)) and when the SBIA analyzer was used to conduct the assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Andreacci
- Department of Exercise Science, Bloomsburg University, 132 Centennial Hall, 400 East Second St., Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA.
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