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Khachnaoui-Zaafrane K, Ouertani I, Zanati A, Kandara H, Maazoul F, Mrad R. 3M syndrome: A Tunisian seven-cases series. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104448. [PMID: 35150935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
3M syndrome (3MS) is a rare autosomal recessive primordial growth disorder characterized by a severe pre- and post-natal growth deficiency, minor dysmorphisms and skeletal abnormalities, contrasting with normal intellect and endocrine function. Three different genes have been so far involved in the disease, with mutations in CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8. The CUL7 gene mutations are accountable for 77,5% of the genetically confirmed patients, with a founder mutation identified in exon 24 for the Maghreb families. The follow up is mainly orthopedic with possible GH-based treatment. The objective of this report was to carry out a clinical analysis of a series of Tunisian patients with features evoking 3MS and to perform a molecular analysis of the CLU7 exon 24. We carried out a descriptive retrospective study including Tunisian patients who consulted at the congenital disorders and hereditary diseases department of Charles Nicolle's hospital, Tunis, Tunisia, for intra-uterine onset growth retardation with normal intellect. We selected the patients having characteristic 3MS facial dysmorphia. The molecular analysis of the CUL7 exon 24 was performed using PCR and Sanger sequencing searching the founder mutation c.4451_4452delTG. Seven patients were included in this study. Consanguinity was noted for four families. The mean age at the first consult was 2.5 years. All the patients had an intra-uterine onset growth retardation with a preserved head circumference. All patients presented facial dysmorphia of 3MS, with a prominent forehead (7/7), a triangular face (6/7), an underdeveloped midface (7/7), a fleshy tipped nose (5/7), anteverted nares (6/7), a long philtrum (7/7) and full lips (4/7). All the patients presented skeletal abnormalities with various severities such as lumbar lordosis, hyperextensible joints, short thorax, square shoulders, hip dislocation, and prominent heels. Less frequent features were noted such as spina bifida occulta in one case, and single transverse palmar crease in 4 cases. One GH treatment response was reported. The molecular genetic analysis of the CUL7 gene (exon 24) revealed the founder mutation for all the patients which reinforces the hypothesis of founder effect for 3MS in the Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Khachnaoui-Zaafrane
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Medical Genetics, Nice Teaching Hospital, France.
| | - Ines Ouertani
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El-Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zanati
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Kandara
- National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Endocrinology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Maazoul
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Mrad
- Department of Hereditary and Congenital Disorders, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El-Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Natural history of facial and skeletal features from neonatal period to adulthood in a 3M syndrome cohort with biallelic CUL7 or OBSL1 variants. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104346. [PMID: 34597859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
3M syndrome is characterized by severe pre- and post-natal growth restriction, typical face, slender tubular bones, tall vertebral bodies, prominent heels and normal intelligence. It is caused by biallelic variants of CUL7, OBSL1 and, more rarely, CCDC8. The aim of this study is to evaluate facial and skeletal findings in 3M patients from neonatal period to adulthood. A total of 19 patients with a median age of diagnosis of 9.2 months were included in this study and were followed for two to 20 years. CUL7 and OBSL1 variants were found in 57.9% and 42.1% of patients, respectively, five of which are novel. Most of patients had triangular face, frontal bossing, short fleshy nose, full fleshy lower lip, transverse groove of rib cage, hyperlordosis and prominent heels. Three new early-diagnostic signs were observed in infants; two were infraorbital swelling of the lower lid and facial infantile hemangioma, both of which became less pronounced with aging. The third was the central tubercle of the upper lip that became more prominent with in time. While slender long bones did not change with aging, the tall vertebral bodies became more prominent radiologically. The mean birth length in patients was -4.3 SDS. Eight patients reached a mean final height of -4.9 SDS. Despite described growth hormone (GH) insensitivity in 3M syndrome, 12 patients either with GH deficiency or with normal GH levels were treated with GH; seven patients responded with an increase in height SDS. This study not only provided early diagnostic signs of the syndrome, but also presented important follow-up findings.
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Guo L, Feng Z, Jin X, Yin S, Zhang M, Gao Y, Zhang B, Wang H, Liu L. A novel mutation within intron 17 of the CUL7 gene results in appearance of premature termination codon. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:23-30. [PMID: 32278698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A couple with five adverse pregnancy history required prenatal diagnosis. The fetus of this study was their fifth pregnancy. The fetus was found NT thickening at 12 weeks and 4 days gestation and the average long bone of limbs retardation 4SD at 27 weeks and 4 days gestation. Karyotype was normal. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were conducted of this fetus. The compound heterozygous mutations c.3722_3749dup[p.V1252fs*23] and c.3355 + 5 G > A at CUL7 gene were detected. The mutation c.3355 + 5 G > A was a novel mutation within intron 17 of the CUL7 gene. Minigene array was used to verify whether the novel mutation c.3355 + 5 G > A really affected the splicing of CUL7gene. The results showed that the mutation could result in the appearance of premature termination codon. The fetus could be diagnosed as 3 M syndrome. We suggested that close attention needed to be paid to fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction only by ultrasonic and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of 3 M syndrome. In addition, our study enriched gene mutations of 3 M syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Guo
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhanqi Feng
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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Hu L, Wang X, Jin T, Han Y, Liu J, Jiang M, Yan S, Fu X, An B, Huang S. Identification of two CUL7 variants in two Chinese families with 3-M syndrome by whole-exome sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23265. [PMID: 32141654 PMCID: PMC7370744 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3‐M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by primordial growth retardation, large head circumference, characteristic facial features, and mild skeletal changes, which is associated with the exclusive variants in three genes, namely CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8. Only a few 3‐M syndrome patients have been reported in Chinese population. Methods Children with unexplained severe short stature, facial dysmorphism, and normal intelligence in two Chinese families and their relatives were enrolled. Trio‐whole‐exome sequencing (trio‐WES) and pathogenicity prediction analysis were conducted on the recruited patients. A conservative analysis of the mutant amino acid sequences and function prediction analysis of the wild‐type (WT) and mutant CUL7 protein were performed. Results We identified a homozygous missense variant (NM_014780.4: c.4898C > T, p.Thr1633Met) in CUL7 gene in a 6‐month‐old female infant from a non‐consanguineous family, and a homozygous frameshift variant (NM_014780.4: c.3722_3749 dup GGCTGGCACAGCTGCAGCAATGCCTGCA, p. Val1252Glyfs*23) in CUL7 gene in two affected siblings from a consanguinity family. These two variants may affect the properties and structure of CUL7 protein. Conclusion These two rare variants were observed in Chinese population for the first time and have not been reported in the literature. Our findings expand the variant spectrum of 3‐M syndrome in Chinese population and provide valuable insights into the early clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of 3‐M syndrome for pediatricians and endocrinologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xike Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangquan An
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengwen Huang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Cusimano MC, Chitayat D, Injeyan M, Geary M. Pregnancy in 3M syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2017; 38:421-422. [PMID: 29046114 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1360849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Cusimano
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Marie Injeyan
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Michael Geary
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Maternal Fetal Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Hu X, Li H, Gui B, Xu Y, Wang J, Li N, Su J, Zhang S, Song Y, Wang Y, Luo J, Fan X, Wang J, Chen S, Gong C, Shen Y. Prenatal and early diagnosis of Chinese 3-M syndrome patients with novel pathogenic variants. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:159-164. [PMID: 28969986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-M syndrome is a clinically recognizable yet under-diagnosed primordial growth retardation disorder. Molecular testing for CUL7, OBSL1 or CCDC8 genes can provide confirmed diagnosis for patients at prenatal or early age. So far, the clinical and molecular features of Chinese 3-M syndrome patients have not been reported. METHODS In this article, the authors performed prenatal and early diagnosis of Chinese patients with 3-M syndrome by Next-Generation Sequencing. RESULTS The authors reported six unrelated Chinese 3-M syndrome patients. Five of the six patients were diagnosed before two years of age including one prenatal case. The authors identified six novel pathogenic variants and five previously reported pathogenic variants. The authors' clinical evaluations indicated that Chinese 3-M syndrome patients share similar recognizable features as those reported in patients of other ethnic background. The authors noticed some uncommon features in this small cohort of Chinese patients such as delayed motor development at early ages, undelayed bone age and presence of lower eyelid fat pads. CONCLUSION The authors' study of Chinese 3-M syndrome patients revealed novel mutations and clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Hu
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongdou Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Baoheng Gui
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Niu Li
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yanning Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; National Children's Medical Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; National Children's Medical Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xin Fan
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China; National Children's Medical Center, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yiping Shen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Keskin M, Muratoğlu Şahin N, Kurnaz E, Bayramoğlu E, Savaş Erdeve Ş, Aycan Z, Çetinkaya S. A Rare Cause of Short Stature: 3M Syndrome in a Patient with Novel Mutation in OBSL1 Gene. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9:91-94. [PMID: 27796265 PMCID: PMC5363173 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Miller-McKusick-Malvaux (3M) syndrome is a rare autosomal disorder that can lead to short stature, dysmorphic features, and skeletal abnormalities with normal intelligence. A 16-month-old female patient had been referred to our clinic due to short stature. Case history revealed a birth weight of 1740 grams on the 39th week of gestation, with a birth length of 42 cm and no prior hereditary conditions of clinical significance in her family. On physical examination, her length was 67 cm [-3.6 standard deviation (SD) score], weight 7.2 kg (-2.9 SD score), and head circumference 42 cm (below 3rd percentile). She also had numerous characteristic physical features such as a triangular face, fleshy nose tip, a long philtrum, prominent mouth and lips, pointed chin, lumbar lordosis, and prominent heels. As her growth retardation had a prenatal onset and the physical examination results were suggestive of a characteristic profile, the diagnosis of 3M syndrome was strongly considered. Genetic assessment of the patient revealed a novel homozygous p.T425Nfs*40 [corrected] mutation in the OBSL1 gene. It is recommended that physicians pay further attention to this condition in the differential diagnosis of children with severe short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melikşah Keskin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 305 65 11 E-mail:
| | - Nursel Muratoğlu Şahin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kurnaz
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvan Bayramoğlu
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş Erdeve
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Liao L, Gan HW, Hwa V, Dattani M, Dauber A. Two Siblings with a Mutation in CCDC8 Presenting with Mild Short Stature: A Case of 3-M Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 88:364-370. [PMID: 28675896 PMCID: PMC7261367 DOI: 10.1159/000477907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short stature can be caused by mutations in a multitude of different genes. 3-M syndrome is a rare growth disorder marked by severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation along with subtle dysmorphic features. There have only been 2 prior reports of mutations in CCDC8 causing 3-M syndrome. METHODS Two patients presenting with mild short stature underwent whole exome sequencing. The mutation was confirmed via Sanger sequencing. We compare the clinical characteristics of our 2 patients to patients previously reported with mutations in the same gene. RESULTS Exome sequencing identified a homozygous frameshift mutation in CCDC8 in both patients. They presented with a much milder phenotype than previously described patients with the same mutation. CONCLUSION In this study, we report a case of 2 sisters with relatively mild short stature who were found via exome sequencing to carry a previously reported homozygous mutation in CCDC8. These patients expand the anthropometric phenotype of 3-M syndrome and demonstrate the power of exome sequencing in the diagnosis of children with short stature. 3-M syndrome should be considered in children with mild skeletal abnormalities, normal/high growth hormone-IGF axis parameters, and normal intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liao
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hoong-Wei Gan
- Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Hasegawa K, Tanaka H, Higuchi Y, Yamashita M, Tsukahara H. Changes in facial appearance from neonate to adult in 3-M syndrome patient with novel CUL7 gene mutations. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:241-6. [PMID: 26488604 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3-M syndrome (OMIM #273750, #612921, and #614205) is a rare autosomal recessive growth disorder that is characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, normal intelligence, and characteristic faces. This syndrome also has characteristic radiological features, such as slender long bones and tall vertebral bodies. Three genes, cullin 7 (CUL7), coiled-coil domain containing 8, and obscurin-like 1 are genetic candidates of 3-M syndrome. Patients with 3-M syndrome have a characteristic facial appearance, including a triangular face, frontal bossing, an anteverted nose, dolichocephaly, and a long philtrum. However, information on adult 3-M syndrome patients, including facial appearance, is scarce. We report an adult female with 3-M syndrome that was caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations (c.4023-1 G>A in splice acceptor site of exon 22 and c.4359_4363dupGGCTG in exon 23) in the CUL7 gene. We also report the growth chart and changes in facial appearance of this patient from the neonate to adult.
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