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Fan H, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Feng K, Hong L, Zhao Q, Lu X, Shi M, Li H, Wang L, Wen S. Development and validation of YARN: A novel SE-400 MPS kit for East Asian paternal lineage analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 71:103029. [PMID: 38518712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms (Y-STRs) and Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are valuable genetic markers used in paternal lineage identification and population genetics. Currently, there is a lack of an effective panel that integrates Y-STRs and Y-SNPs for studying paternal lineages, particularly in East Asian populations. Hence, we developed a novel Y-chromosomal targeted panel called YARN (Y-chromosome Ancestry and Region Network) based on multiplex PCR and a single-end 400 massive parallel sequencing (MPS) strategy, consisting of 44 patrilineage Y-STRs and 260 evolutionary Y-SNPs. A total of 386 reactions were validated for the effectiveness and applicability of YARN according to SWGDAM validation guidelines, including sensitivity (with a minimum input gDNA of 0.125 ng), mixture identification (ranging from 1:1-1:10), PCR inhibitor testing (using substances such as 50 μM hematin, 100 μM hemoglobin, 100 μM humic acid, and 2.5 mM indigo dye), species specificity (successfully distinguishing humans from other animals), repeatability study (achieved 100% accuracy), and concordance study (with 99.91% accuracy for 1121 Y-STR alleles). Furthermore, we conducted a pilot study using YARN in a cohort of 484 Han Chinese males from Huaiji County, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong, China (GDZQHJ cohort). In this cohort, we identified 52 different Y-haplogroups and 73 different surnames. We found weak to moderate correlations between the Y-haplogroups, Chinese surnames, and geographical locations of the GDZQHJ cohort (with λ values ranging from 0.050 to 0.340). However, when we combined two different categories into a new independent variable, we observed stronger correlations (with λ values ranging from 0.617 to 0.754). Overall, the YARN panel, which combines Y-STR and Y-SNP genetic markers, meets forensic DNA quality assurance guidelines and holds potential for East Asian geographical origin inference and paternal lineage analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Yiran Xu
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yutao Zhao
- Public Security Bureau of Zhaoqing Municipality, Zhaoqing 526000, China.
| | - Kai Feng
- Duanzhou Branch of Zhaoqing Public Security Bureau, Zhaoqing 526060, China.
| | - Liuxi Hong
- Sihui Public Security Bureau of Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing 526299, China.
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Public Security Bureau of Zhaoqing Municipality, Zhaoqing 526000, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Deepreads Biotech Company Limited, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Meisen Shi
- Criminal Justice College of China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- Criminal Technology Center of Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, Guangzhou 510050, China.
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shaoqing Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Wang Z, Wang M, Hu L, He G, Nie S. Evolutionary profiles and complex admixture landscape in East Asia: New insights from modern and ancient Y chromosome variation perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30067. [PMID: 38756579 PMCID: PMC11096704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Y-chromosomes are characterized by nonrecombination and uniparental inheritance, carrying traces of human history evolution and admixture. Large-scale population-specific genomic sources based on advanced sequencing technologies have revolutionized our understanding of human Y chromosome diversity and its anthropological and forensic applications. Here, we reviewed and meta-analyzed the Y chromosome genetic diversity of modern and ancient people from China and summarized the patterns of founding lineages of spatiotemporally different populations associated with their origin, expansion, and admixture. We emphasized the strong association between our identified founding lineages and language-related human dispersal events correlated with the Sino-Tibetan, Altaic, and southern Chinese multiple-language families related to the Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai, Austronesian, and Austro-Asiatic languages. We subsequently summarize the recent advances in translational applications in forensic and anthropological science, including paternal biogeographical ancestry inference (PBGAI), surname investigation, and paternal history reconstruction. Whole-Y sequencing or high-resolution panels with high coverage of terminal Y chromosome lineages are essential for capturing the genomic diversity of ethnolinguistically diverse East Asians. Generally, we emphasized the importance of including more ethnolinguistically diverse, underrepresented modern and spatiotemporally different ancient East Asians in human genetic research for a comprehensive understanding of the paternal genetic landscape of East Asians with a detailed time series and for the reconstruction of a reference database in the PBGAI, even including new technology innovations of Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) for new genetic variation discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Shengjie Nie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
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Genealogy: The Tree Where History Meets Genetics. GENEALOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/genealogy5040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although biological relationships are a universal reality for all human beings, the concepts of “family” and “family bond” depend on both the geographic region and the historical moment to which they refer. However, the concept of “family” can be determinant in a large variety of societies, since it can influence the lines of succession, inheritances and social relationships, as well as where and with whom an individual is buried. The relation between a deceased person and other members of a community, other individuals of the same necropolis, or even with those who are buried in the same tomb can be analysed from the genetic point of view, considering different perspectives: archaeological, historical, and forensic. In the present work, the concepts of “family” and “kinship” are discussed, explaining the relevance of genetic analysis, such as nuclear and lineage markers, and their contribution to genealogical research, for example in the heritage of surnames and Y-chromosome, as well as those cases where some discrepancies with historical record are detected, such as cases of adoption. Finally, we explain how genetic genealogical analyses can help to solve some cold cases, through the analysis of biologically related relatives.
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Boattini A, Bortolini E, Bauer R, Ottone M, Miglio R, Gueresi P, Pettener D. The surname structure of Trentino (Italy) and its relationship with dialects and genes. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:260-269. [PMID: 34459343 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1936635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thanks to the availability of rich surname, linguistic and genetic information, together with its geographic and cultural complexity, Trentino (North-Eastern Italy) is an ideal place to test the relationships between genetic and cultural traits. AIM We provide a comprehensive study of population structures based on surname and dialect variability and evaluate their relationships with genetic diversity in Trentino. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Surname data were collected for 363 parishes, linguistic data for 57 dialects and genetic data for different sets of molecular markers (Y-chromosome, mtDNA, autosomal) in 10 populations. Analyses relied on different multivariate methods and correlation tests. RESULTS Besides the expected isolation-by-distance-like patterns (with few local exceptions, likely related to sociocultural instances), we detected a significant and geography-independent association between dialects and surnames. As for molecular markers, only Y-chromosomal STRs seem to be associated with the dialects, although no significant result was obtained. No evidence for correlation between molecular markers and surnames was observed. CONCLUSION Surnames act as cultural markers as do other words, although in this context they cannot be used as reliable proxies for genetic variability at a local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Boattini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bortolini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Roland Bauer
- Fachbereich Romanistik, Universität Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marta Ottone
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rossella Miglio
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Gueresi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pettener
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Insights into the Middle Eastern paternal genetic pool in Tunisia: high prevalence of T-M70 haplogroup in an Arab population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15728. [PMID: 34344940 PMCID: PMC8333252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain refreshed insights into the paternal lineages of Tunisian populations, Y-chromosome diversity was assessed in two populations belonging to an Arab genealogical lineage, Kairouan and Wesletia, as well as in four Tunisian Andalusian populations, Testour, Slouguia, Qalaat-El-Andalous and El Alia. The Arabs from Kairouan revealed 73.47% of E-M81 and close affinities with Berber groups, indicating they are likely arabized Berbers, clearly differentiated from the Arabs from Wesletia, who harbored the highest frequency (71.8%) of the Middle Eastern component ever observed in North Africa. In the Tunisian Andalusians, the North African component largely prevailed, followed by the Middle Eastern contribution. Global comparative analysis highlighted the heterogeneity of Tunisian populations, among which, as a whole, dominated a set of lineages ascribed to be of autochthonous Berber origin (71.67%), beside a component of essentially Middle Eastern extraction (18.35%), and signatures of Sub-Saharan (5.2%), European (3.45%) and Asiatic (1.33%) contributions. The remarkable frequency of T-M70 in Wesletia (17.4%) prompted to refine its phylogeographic analysis, allowing to confirm its Middle Eastern origin, though signs of local evolution in Northern Africa were also detected. Evidence was clear on the ancient introduction of T lineages into the region, probably since Neolithic times associated to spread of agriculture.
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Gómez R, Vilar MG, Meraz-Ríos MA, Véliz D, Zúñiga G, Hernández-Tobías EA, Figueroa-Corona MDP, Owings AC, Gaieski JB, Schurr TG. Y chromosome diversity in Aztlan descendants and its implications for the history of Central Mexico. iScience 2021; 24:102487. [PMID: 34036249 PMCID: PMC8138773 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Native Mexican populations are crucial for understanding the genetic ancestry of Aztec descendants and coexisting ethnolinguistic groups in the Valley of Mexico and elucidating the population dynamics of the prehistoric colonization of the Americas. Mesoamerican societies were multicultural in nature and also experienced significant admixture during Spanish colonization of the region. Despite these facts, Native Mexican Y chromosome diversity has been greatly understudied. To further elucidate their genetic history, we conducted a high-resolution Y chromosome analysis with Chichimecas, Nahuas, Otomies, Popolocas, Tepehuas, and Totonacas using 19 Y-short tandem repeat and 21 single nucleotide polymorphism loci. We detected enormous paternal genetic diversity in these groups, with haplogroups Q-MEH2, Q-M3, Q-Z768, Q-L663, Q-Z780, and Q-PV3 being identified. These data affirmed the southward colonization of the Americas via Beringia and connected Native Mexicans with indigenous populations from South-Central Siberia and Canada. They also suggested that multiple population dispersals gave rise to Y chromosome diversity in these populations. Enormous Y chromosome diversity observed in Native Mexican populations. Haplogroups Q-MEH2, Q-M3, Q-Z768, Q-L663, Q-Z780, and Q-PV3 were identified. Patterns of Y chromosome diversity not shaped by ethnicity, geography, or language. Multiple population dispersals contributed to Y chromosome diversity in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Toxicología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Miguel G Vilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA.,National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | | | - David Véliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Amanda C Owings
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
| | - Jill B Gaieski
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
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Y chromosome analysis for common surnames in the Japanese male population. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:731-738. [PMID: 33526818 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For many years of Japan's long history, Japanese surnames have been handed down patrilineally. This study investigated relations between major surnames and Y chromosomal polymorphism among the Japanese male population. To analyze genetic phylogeny in namesakes, the Y-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) plus Y-short tandem repeat (STR) approach was employed. A haplogroup based on SNPs and haplotypes at 17 STR loci were typed in 567 unrelated volunteers recruited in Kanagawa, Japan. Samples covered 27 common surnames such as Satoh and Suzuki, each name having 10-55 bearers. Significant difference was found for SNP haplogroup compositions and a multidimensional scaling plot using STR haplotypes in several surname groups. By contrast, these common surnames displayed wide diversity with phylogenetic networks, suggesting that no genetic drift event has occurred in their history. In all, 22 descent clusters were found, as judgcriteria ed by ad hoc of groups within five mutational steps in the 15 STR loci with the same haplogroup. The times of the most recent common ancestor ranged from 279 to over 2577 years. According to the approximate millennium span of Japanese surname history, descent criteria are expected to be reasonable for grouping within four step-neighbors. High heterogeneity of common surnames resembles that observed for England and Spain, but not for Ireland. Our results highlight that common Japanese surnames consist of descent clusters and many singletons, reflecting a mixture of long-term bearers and short-term bearers among the population. The genetic study of this population revealed characteristic features of Japanese surnames.
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Bouakaze C, Delehelle F, Saenz-Oyhéréguy N, Moreira A, Schiavinato S, Croze M, Delon S, Fortes-Lima C, Gibert M, Bujan L, Huyghe E, Bellis G, Calderon R, Hernández CL, Avendaño-Tamayo E, Bedoya G, Salas A, Mazières S, Charioni J, Migot-Nabias F, Ruiz-Linares A, Dugoujon JM, Thèves C, Mollereau-Manaute C, Noûs C, Poulet N, King T, D'Amato ME, Balaresque P. Predicting haplogroups using a versatile machine learning program (PredYMaLe) on a new mutationally balanced 32 Y-STR multiplex (CombYplex): Unlocking the full potential of the human STR mutation rate spectrum to estimate forensic parameters. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 48:102342. [PMID: 32818722 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new mutationally well-balanced 32 Y-STR multiplex (CombYplex) together with a machine learning (ML) program PredYMaLe to assess the impact of STR mutability on haplogourp prediction, while respecting forensic community criteria (high DC/HD). We designed CombYplex around two sub-panels M1 and M2 characterized by average and high-mutation STR panels. Using these two sub-panels, we tested how our program PredYmale reacts to mutability when considering basal branches and, moving down, terminal branches. We tested first the discrimination capacity of CombYplex on 996 human samples using various forensic and statistical parameters and showed that its resolution is sufficient to separate haplogroup classes. In parallel, PredYMaLe was designed and used to test whether a ML approach can predict haplogroup classes from Y-STR profiles. Applied to our kit, SVM and Random Forest classifiers perform very well (average 97 %), better than Neural Network (average 91 %) and Bayesian methods (< 90 %). We observe heterogeneity in haplogroup assignation accuracy among classes, with most haplogroups having high prediction scores (99-100 %) and two (E1b1b and G) having lower scores (67 %). The small sample sizes of these classes explain the high tendency to misclassify the Y-profiles of these haplogroups; results were measurably improved as soon as more training data were added. We provide evidence that our ML approach is a robust method to accurately predict haplogroups when it is combined with a sufficient number of markers, well-balanced mutation rate Y-STR panels, and large ML training sets. Further research on confounding factors (such as CNV-STR or gene conversion) and ideal STR panels in regard to the branches analysed can be developed to help classifiers further optimize prediction scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouakaze
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Franklin Delehelle
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France; REVA Unit, UMR 5505 - CNRS & Université de Toulouse, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Nancy Saenz-Oyhéréguy
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Andreia Moreira
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Stéphanie Schiavinato
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Myriam Croze
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Solène Delon
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Cesar Fortes-Lima
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Morgane Gibert
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Louis Bujan
- Equipe d'acceuil EA3694, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Huyghe
- Equipe d'acceuil EA3694, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Gil Bellis
- INED Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris cedex 20, France
| | - Rosario Calderon
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Candela Lucia Hernández
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Efren Avendaño-Tamayo
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Aplicadas del Tecnológico de Antioquia, Tecnológico de Antioquia, Institución Universitaria, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia, Colombia
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones, Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Jacques Charioni
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France; Etablissement Français du Sang PACA Corse, Marseille, France
| | | | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Catherine Thèves
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Catherine Mollereau-Manaute
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Camille Noûs
- Laboratoire Cogitamous, CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Poulet
- Pôle écohydraulique AFB-IMT, allée du Pr Camille Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Turi King
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Eugenia D'Amato
- Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patricia Balaresque
- Laboratoire d´Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288 - CNRS & Université Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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Claerhout S, Roelens J, Van der Haegen M, Verstraete P, Larmuseau MHD, Decorte R. Ysurnames? The patrilineal Y-chromosome and surname correlation for DNA kinship research. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 44:102204. [PMID: 31760354 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Y-chromosome is a widely studied and useful small part of the genome providing different applications for interdisciplinary research. In many (Western) societies, the Y-chromosome and surnames are paternally co-inherited, suggesting a corresponding Y-haplotype for every namesake. While it has already been observed that this correlation may be disrupted by a false-paternity event, adoption, anonymous sperm donor or the co-founding of surnames, extensive information on the strength of the surname match frequency (SMF) with the Y-chromosome remains rather unknown. For the first time in Belgium and the Netherlands, we were able to study this correlation using 2,401 males genotyped for 46 Y-STRs and 183 Y-SNPs. The SMF was observed to be dependent on the number of Y-STRs analyzed, their mutation rates and the number of Y-STR differences allowed for a kinship. For a perfect match, the Yfiler® Plus and our in-house YForGen kit gave a similar high SMF of 98%, but for non-perfect matches, the latter could overall be identified as the best kit. The SMF generally increased due to less mismatches when encountering [1] deep Y-subhaplogroups, [2] less frequently occurring surnames, and [3] small geographical distances between relatives. This novel information enabled the design of a surname prediction model based on genetic and geographical distances of a kinship. The prediction model has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9 and is therefore useable for DNA kinship priority listing in estimation applications like forensic familial searching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Claerhout
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Jennifer Roelens
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van der Haegen
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paulien Verstraete
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Maarten H D Larmuseau
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Histories vzw, Mechelen 2800, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ronny Decorte
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Forensic genetics and Molecular Archaeology, UZ Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Wang CZ, Wei LH, Wang LX, Wen SQ, Yu XE, Shi MS, Li H. Relating Clans Ao and Aisin Gioro from northeast China by whole Y-chromosome sequencing. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:775-780. [PMID: 31148597 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b1a3a2-F8951 is the paternal lineage of the Aisin Gioro clan, the most important brother branch of the famous Mongolic-speaking population characteristic haplogroup C2*-Star Cluster (C2b1a3a1-F3796). However, investigations on its internal phylogeny are still limited. In this study, we used whole Y-chromosome sequencing to update its phylogenetic tree. In the revised tree, C2b1a3a2-F8951 and C2*-Star Cluster differentiated 3852 years ago (95% CI = 3295-4497). Approximately 3558 years ago (95% CI = 3013-4144), C2b1a3a2-F8951 was divided into two main subclades, C2b1a3a2a-F14753 and C2b1a3a2b-F5483. Currently, samples of C2b1a3a2-F8951 were mainly from the House of Aisin Gioro clan, the Ao family from Daur and some individuals mainly from northeast China. Although other haplogroups are also found in the Ao family, including C2b1a2-M48, C2b1a3a1-F3796, C2a1b-F845, and N1c-M178, the haplogroup C2b1a3a2-F8951 is still the most distinct genetic component. For haplogroup C2b1a3a2-F8951, the time of the most recent common ancestor of the House of Aisin Gioro clan and the Ao family were both very late, just a few hundred years ago. Some family-specific Y-SNPs of the House of Aisin Gioro and the Ao family were also discovered. This revision evidently improved the resolving power of Y-chromosome phylogeny in northeast Asia, deepening our understanding of the origin of these two families, even the Mongolic-speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Zao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Qing Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Er Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Sen Shi
- Institute of the Investigation, School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, 100088, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China. .,Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Fudan-Datong Institute of Chinese Origin, 037006, Datong, China.
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Abdeli A, Benhassine T. Paternal lineage of the Berbers from Aurès in Algeria: estimate of their genetic variation. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:160-168. [PMID: 30939942 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1602166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aurès is a vast territory in the east of Algeria, characterised by its traditional Berber settlement which has preserved its language and its rich history; its name goes back to antiquity and before the Roman conquest it was part of the territory of ancient Numidia. The Chaoui people in this region are one of Algeria's largest Berber groups. Aim: The aims were to investigate the level of genetic diversity of the Berbers of Aurès through the analysis of the paternal gene pool and to estimate the percentage of genetic variation among different geographical regions and linguistic groups from Algeria. Subjects and methods: Twenty-three Y-STRs were genotyped in a sample of 218 unrelated males of the Berbers of Aurès. Algorithms were used to estimate the Y-chromosome haplogroups. Genetic distance, non-metric MDS and AMOVA were used to analyse the genetic relationships between sample groups. Results: The paternal lineage of this sample of the Aurès region did not exhibit strong signals of differentiation with other samples from North-central, Northwest, and South Algeria. However, significant differences were found within this sample, demonstrating a high degree of heterogeneity. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that Aurès people are isolated and closed, but nevertheless have quite different genetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Abdeli
- a Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene , Algiers , Algeria.,b Institut National de Criminalistique et de Criminologie de la Gendarmerie Nationale , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Traki Benhassine
- a Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene , Algiers , Algeria
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12
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Zhabagin MK, Balanovsky ОЕ, Sabitov ZM, Temirgaliyev AZ, Agdzhoyan AT, Koshel SM, Ramankulov ЕМ, Balanovska EV. Reconstructing the genetic structure of the Kazakh from clan distribution data. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying quasigenetic markers - non-biological traits which are nevertheless inherited in generations - is one of the research fields within human population genetics. For the West European, East European, and Caucasus populations, surnames are typical quasigenetic markers. For Central Asian populations, particularly Kazakh, the clan affiliation serves as a good marker: a set of papers demonstrated that many clans include mainly persons which biologically descent from a recent common ancestor. In this study, we analyzed a large (~4.2 million persons) dataset on quasigenetic markers - the geographic distribution of 50 Kazakh clans at the beginning of the 20th century, and compared the dataset with the direct data of the Y-chro-mosomal diversity in modern Kazakh populations. The analysis included three steps: the isonymy method, which is standard for quasigenetic markers, comparing frequencies of quasigenetic markers, and comparing the quasigenetic and genetic datasets. We constructed 50 maps of frequency of the distribution of each clan and revealed that these maps correlate with the maps of genetic distances. The Mantel test also demonstrated a significant correlation between geographic and quasigenetic distances (г = 0.60; p < 0.05). The analysis of inter-population variability revealed the largest diversity between geographic territories corresponding to the social-territorial groups of the Kazakh Khanate (zhuzes) rather than to other historical groups that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan in preceding and modern epochs. The same is evidenced by the principal components and multidimensional scaling plots, which grouped geographic populations into three clusters corresponding to three zhuzes. This indicates that the final structuring of the Kazakh gene pool might have occurred during the Kazakh Khanate period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Zhabagin
- National Center for Biotechnology; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University
| | - О. Е. Balanovsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS; Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Biobank of North Eurasia
| | | | | | - A. T. Agdzhoyan
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS; Research Centre for Medical Genetics
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Larmuseau MHD, Ottoni C. Mediterranean Y-chromosome 2.0-why the Y in the Mediterranean is still relevant in the postgenomic era. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:20-33. [PMID: 29382278 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1402956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Due to its unique paternal inheritance, the Y-chromosome has been a highly popular marker among population geneticists for over two decades. Recently, the advent of cost-effective genome-wide methods has unlocked information-rich autosomal genomic data, paving the way to the postgenomic era. This seems to have announced the decreasing popularity of investigating Y-chromosome variation, which provides only the paternal perspective of human ancestries and is strongly influenced by genetic drift and social behaviour. OBJECTIVE For this special issue on population genetics of the Mediterranean, the aim was to demonstrate that the Y-chromosome still provides important insights in the postgenomic era and in a time when ancient genomes are becoming exponentially available. METHODS A systematic literature search on Y-chromosomal studies in the Mediterranean was performed. RESULTS Several applications of Y-chromosomal analysis with future opportunities are formulated and illustrated with studies on Mediterranean populations. CONCLUSIONS There will be no reduced interest in Y-chromosomal studies going from reconstruction of male-specific demographic events to ancient DNA applications, surname history and population-wide estimations of extra-pair paternity rates. Moreover, more initiatives are required to collect population genetic data of Y-chromosomal markers for forensic research, and to include Y-chromosomal data in GWAS investigations and studies on male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten H D Larmuseau
- a KU Leuven, Forensic Biomedical Sciences , Department of Imaging & Pathology , Leuven , Belgium.,b KU Leuven, Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution , Department of Biology , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Claudio Ottoni
- c Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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14
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Shi CM, Li C, Ma L, Chi L, Zhao J, Yuan W, Zhou Z, Yan JW, Chen H. Inferring Chinese surnames with Y-STR profiles. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 33:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Solé-Morata N, Villaescusa P, García-Fernández C, Font-Porterias N, Illescas MJ, Valverde L, Tassi F, Ghirotto S, Férec C, Rouault K, Jiménez-Moreno S, Martínez-Jarreta B, Pinheiro MF, Zarrabeitia MT, Carracedo Á, de Pancorbo MM, Calafell F. Analysis of the R1b-DF27 haplogroup shows that a large fraction of Iberian Y-chromosome lineages originated recently in situ. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7341. [PMID: 28779148 PMCID: PMC5544771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Haplogroup R1b-M269 comprises most Western European Y chromosomes; of its main branches, R1b-DF27 is by far the least known, and it appears to be highly prevalent only in Iberia. We have genotyped 1072 R1b-DF27 chromosomes for six additional SNPs and 17 Y-STRs in population samples from Spain, Portugal and France in order to further characterize this lineage and, in particular, to ascertain the time and place where it originated, as well as its subsequent dynamics. We found that R1b-DF27 is present in frequencies ~40% in Iberian populations and up to 70% in Basques, but it drops quickly to 6–20% in France. Overall, the age of R1b-DF27 is estimated at ~4,200 years ago, at the transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, when the Y chromosome landscape of W Europe was thoroughly remodeled. In spite of its high frequency in Basques, Y-STR internal diversity of R1b-DF27 is lower there, and results in more recent age estimates; NE Iberia is the most likely place of origin of DF27. Subhaplogroup frequencies within R1b-DF27 are geographically structured, and show domains that are reminiscent of the pre-Roman Celtic/Iberian division, or of the medieval Christian kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Solé-Morata
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Patricia Villaescusa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carla García-Fernández
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Font-Porterias
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María José Illescas
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Valverde
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francesca Tassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghirotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claude Férec
- Inserm, UMR 1078, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France.,Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang-Bretagne, Brest, France
| | - Karen Rouault
- Inserm, UMR 1078, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Susana Jiménez-Moreno
- Forensic and Legal Medicine Area, Department of Pathology and Surgery, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Maria Fátima Pinheiro
- Forensic Genetics Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ángel Carracedo
- Genomic Medicine Group, CIBERER- University of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francesc Calafell
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Abstract
The properties of the human Y chromosome - namely, male specificity, haploidy and escape from crossing over - make it an unusual component of the genome, and have led to its genetic variation becoming a key part of studies of human evolution, population history, genealogy, forensics and male medical genetics. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have driven recent progress in these areas. In particular, NGS has yielded direct estimates of mutation rates, and an unbiased and calibrated molecular phylogeny that has unprecedented detail. Moreover, the availability of direct-to-consumer NGS services is fuelling a rise of 'citizen scientists', whose interest in resequencing their own Y chromosomes is generating a wealth of new data.
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17
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Kayser M. Forensic use of Y-chromosome DNA: a general overview. Hum Genet 2017; 136:621-635. [PMID: 28315050 PMCID: PMC5418305 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The male-specific part of the human Y chromosome is widely used in forensic DNA analysis, particularly in cases where standard autosomal DNA profiling is not informative. A Y-chromosomal gene fragment is applied for inferring the biological sex of a crime scene trace donor. Haplotypes composed of Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms (Y-STRs) are used to characterise paternal lineages of unknown male trace donors, especially suitable when males and females have contributed to the same trace, such as in sexual assault cases. Y-STR haplotyping applied in crime scene investigation can (i) exclude male suspects from involvement in crime, (ii) identify the paternal lineage of male perpetrators, (iii) highlight multiple male contributors to a trace, and (iv) provide investigative leads for finding unknown male perpetrators. Y-STR haplotype analysis is employed in paternity disputes of male offspring and other types of paternal kinship testing, including historical cases, as well as in special cases of missing person and disaster victim identification involving men. Y-chromosome polymorphisms are applied for inferring the paternal bio-geographic ancestry of unknown trace donors or missing persons, in cases where autosomal DNA profiling is uninformative. In this overview, all different forensic applications of Y-chromosome DNA are described. To illustrate the necessity of forensic Y-chromosome analysis, the investigation of a prominent murder case is described, which initiated two changes in national forensic DNA legislation both covering Y-chromosome use, and was finally solved via an innovative Y-STR dragnet involving thousands of volunteers after 14 years. Finally, expectations for the future of forensic Y-chromosome DNA analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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The Y chromosome as the most popular marker in genetic genealogy benefits interdisciplinary research. Hum Genet 2016; 136:559-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Montinaro F, Davies J, Capelli C. Group membership, geography and shared ancestry: Genetic variation in the Basotho of Lesotho. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 160:156-61. [PMID: 26779678 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The investigation of the evolution of cultural and genetic traits and how they interact represents a vibrant area of research in evolutionary genetics, whose dynamics are particularly relevant for our species. One of the key assumptions of the "gene-culture coevolution" framework is the coinheritance of cultural and genetic traits. A corollary of the model is that culturally defined groups with a unique (or a limited number of) common origin(s) whose membership is inherited only through the male or female line are expected to show a relatively low intragroup variation for genetic markers similarly transmitted. Across human societies this is expected to be the case for cultural toponymies and family names within patrilineal and matrilineal groups considered in association with the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) portion of the genome, respectively. This study aims at exploring the degree of correlation between culture and genetics by investigating the genetic variation of culturally and geographically defined groups. METHODS We analyzed the genetic variation at NRY and mtDNA in 181 individuals from the Basotho, a Southern African patrilineal population from Lesotho, in combination with information about group membership and geographic origin. RESULTS Our results show that (a) the genetic distance between individuals belonging to the same culturally defined group is lower than the population as a whole when NRY markers are considered; (b) cultural traits have a bigger impact than geography for the within-group variation of Y chromosome, but not mtDNA; and (c) within-group genetic variation is compatible with a more homogeneous origin for less common groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided additional evidence for the relevance of the dual inheritance model (culture and genetics) in understanding the patterns of human genetic variation, as implied by gene-culture coevolution theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Montinaro
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Davies
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristian Capelli
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS, Oxford, UK
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