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Jacinto JGP, Häfliger IM, Letko A, Weber J, Freick M, Gentile A, Drögemüller C, Agerholm JS. Multiple independent de novo mutations are associated with the development of schistosoma reflexum, a lethal syndrome in cattle. Vet J 2024; 304:106069. [PMID: 38281659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Schistosoma reflexum (SR) is a lethal congenital syndrome characterized by U-shaped dorsal retroflexion of the spine and exposure of abdominal viscera. SR is usually associated with severe dystocia. The syndrome is thought to be inherited as a Mendelian trait. We collected a series of 23 SR-affected calves from four breeds (20 Holstein, one Red Danish, one Limousin, one Romagnola) and performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS). WGS was performed on 51 cattle, including 14 cases with parents (trio-based; Group 1) and nine single cases (solo-based; Group 2). Sequencing-based genome-wide association studies with 20 Holstein cases and 154 controls showed no association (above Bonferroni threshold; P-value<3 ×10-09). Assuming a monogenic recessive inheritance, no region of shared homozygosity was observed, suggesting heterogeneity. Alternatively, the presence of possible dominant acting de novo mutations were assessed. In Group 1, heterozygous private variants, absent in both parents, were found in seven cases. These involved the ACTL6A, FLNA, GLG1, IQSEC2, MAST3, MBTPS2, and MLLT1 genes. In addition, heterozygous private variants affecting the genes DYNC1LI1, PPP2R2B, SCAF8, SUGP1, and UBP1 were identified in five cases from Group 2. The detected frameshift and missense variants are predicted to cause haploinsufficiency. Each of these 12 affected genes belong to the class of haploinsufficient loss-of-function genes or are involved in embryonic and pre-weaning lethality or are known to be associated with severe malformation syndromes in humans and/or mice. This study presents for the first time a detailed genomic evaluation of bovine SR, suggesting that independent de novo mutations may explain the sporadic occurrence of SR in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G P Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - I M Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Weber
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Freick
- Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry, HTW Dresden-University of Applied Sciences, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| | - C Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - J S Agerholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5A, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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2
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Bu W, Di J, Zhao J, Liu R, Wu Y, Ran J, Li T. Dynein Light Intermediate Chains Exhibit Different Arginine Methylation Patterns. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25030. [PMID: 38525916 PMCID: PMC11033342 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The motor protein dynein is integral to retrograde transport along microtubules and interacts with numerous cargoes through the recruitment of cargo-specific adaptor proteins. This interaction is mediated by dynein light intermediate chain subunits LIC1 (DYNC1LI1) and LIC2 (DYNC1LI2), which govern the adaptor binding and are present in distinct dynein complexes with overlapping and unique functions. METHODS Using bioinformatics, we analyzed the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of LIC1 and LIC2, revealing similar structural features but diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs). The methylation status of LIC2 and the proteins involved in this modification were examined through immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses. The specific methylation sites on LIC2 were identified through a site-directed mutagenesis analysis, contributing to a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the dynein complex. RESULTS We found that LIC2 is specifically methylated at the arginine 397 residue, a reaction that is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). CONCLUSIONS The distinct PTMs of the LIC subunits offer a versatile mechanism for dynein to transport diverse cargoes efficiently. Understanding how these PTMs influence the functions of LIC2, and how they differ from LIC1, is crucial for elucidating the role of dynein-related transport pathways in a range of diseases. The discovery of the arginine 397 methylation site on LIC2 enhances our insight into the regulatory PTMs of dynein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Bu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Di
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Junkui Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ruming Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Te Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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3
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Rao L, Gennerich A. Structure and Function of Dynein's Non-Catalytic Subunits. Cells 2024; 13:330. [PMID: 38391943 PMCID: PMC10886578 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynein, an ancient microtubule-based motor protein, performs diverse cellular functions in nearly all eukaryotic cells, with the exception of land plants. It has evolved into three subfamilies-cytoplasmic dynein-1, cytoplasmic dynein-2, and axonemal dyneins-each differentiated by their cellular functions. These megadalton complexes consist of multiple subunits, with the heavy chain being the largest subunit that generates motion and force along microtubules by converting the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. Beyond this catalytic core, the functionality of dynein is significantly enhanced by numerous non-catalytic subunits. These subunits are integral to the complex, contributing to its stability, regulating its enzymatic activities, targeting it to specific cellular locations, and mediating its interactions with other cofactors. The diversity of non-catalytic subunits expands dynein's cellular roles, enabling it to perform critical tasks despite the conservation of its heavy chains. In this review, we discuss recent findings and insights regarding these non-catalytic subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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4
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Suzuki R, Kanemaki MT, Suzuki T, Yoshioka K. Overexpression of JNK-associated leucine zipper protein induces chromosomal instability through interaction with dynein light intermediate chain 1. Genes Cells 2024; 29:39-51. [PMID: 37963657 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), a scaffold protein of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of cellular processes. It has been reported that JLP is overexpressed in various types of cancer and is expected to be a potential therapeutic target. However, whether and how JLP overexpression affects non-transformed cells remain unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of JLP overexpression on chromosomal stability in human non-transformed cells and the mechanisms involved. We found that aneuploidy was induced in JLP-overexpressed cells. Moreover, we established JLP-inducible cell lines and observed an increased frequency of chromosome missegregation, reduced time from nuclear envelope breakdown to anaphase onset, and decreased levels of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components at the prometaphase kinetochore in cells overexpressing the wild-type JLP. In contrast, we observed that a point mutant JLP lacking the ability to interact with dynein light intermediate chain 1 (DLIC1) failed to induce chromosomal instability. Our results suggest that overexpression of the wild-type JLP facilitates premature SAC silencing through interaction with DLIC1, leading to aneuploidy. This study provides a novel insight into the mechanism through which JLP overexpression is associated with cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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5
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Salvador-Garcia D, Jin L, Hensley A, Gölcük M, Gallaud E, Chaaban S, Port F, Vagnoni A, Planelles-Herrero VJ, McClintock MA, Derivery E, Carter AP, Giet R, Gür M, Yildiz A, Bullock SL. A force-sensitive mutation reveals a spindle assembly checkpoint-independent role for dynein in anaphase progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.551815. [PMID: 37577480 PMCID: PMC10418259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) motor organizes cells by shaping microtubule networks and moving a large variety of cargoes along them. However, dynein's diverse roles complicate in vivo studies of its functions significantly. To address this issue, we have used gene editing to generate a series of missense mutations in Drosophila Dynein heavy chain (Dhc). We find that mutations associated with human neurological disease cause a range of defects in larval and adult flies, including impaired cargo trafficking in neurons. We also describe a novel mutation in the microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) of Dhc that, remarkably, causes metaphase arrest of mitotic spindles in the embryo but does not impair other dynein-dependent processes. We demonstrate that the mitotic arrest is independent of dynein's well-established roles in silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint. In vitro reconstitution and optical trapping assays reveal that the mutation only impairs the performance of dynein under load. In silico all-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that this effect correlates with increased flexibility of the MTBD, as well as an altered orientation of the stalk domain, with respect to the microtubule. Collectively, our data point to a novel role of dynein in anaphase progression that depends on the motor operating in a specific load regime. More broadly, our work illustrates how cytoskeletal transport processes can be dissected in vivo by manipulating mechanical properties of motors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Jin
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew Hensley
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mert Gölcük
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34437, Turkey
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sami Chaaban
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fillip Port
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Current address: Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Current address: Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | | | - Mark A. McClintock
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Régis Giet
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mert Gür
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34437, Turkey
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon L. Bullock
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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6
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Garner KE, Salter A, Lau CK, Gurusaran M, Villemant CM, Granger EP, McNee G, Woodman PG, Davies OR, Burke BE, Allan VJ. The meiotic LINC complex component KASH5 is an activating adaptor for cytoplasmic dynein. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204042. [PMID: 36946995 PMCID: PMC10071310 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-driven movement of chromosomes during prophase I of mammalian meiosis is essential for synapsis and genetic exchange. Dynein connects to chromosome telomeres via KASH5 and SUN1 or SUN2, which together span the nuclear envelope. Here, we show that KASH5 promotes dynein motility in vitro, and cytosolic KASH5 inhibits dynein's interphase functions. KASH5 interacts with a dynein light intermediate chain (DYNC1LI1 or DYNC1LI2) via a conserved helix in the LIC C-terminal, and this region is also needed for dynein's recruitment to other cellular membranes. KASH5's N-terminal EF-hands are essential as the interaction with dynein is disrupted by mutation of key calcium-binding residues, although it is not regulated by cellular calcium levels. Dynein can be recruited to KASH5 at the nuclear envelope independently of dynactin, while LIS1 is essential for dynactin incorporation into the KASH5-dynein complex. Altogether, we show that the transmembrane protein KASH5 is an activating adaptor for dynein and shed light on the hierarchy of assembly of KASH5-dynein-dynactin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E.L. Garner
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Salter
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clinton K. Lau
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cécile M. Villemant
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Granger
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin McNee
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip G. Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Owen R. Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian E. Burke
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victoria J. Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Abstract
The microtubule minus-end-directed motility of cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein), arguably the most complex and versatile cytoskeletal motor, is harnessed for diverse functions, such as long-range organelle transport in neuronal axons and spindle assembly in dividing cells. The versatility of dynein raises a number of intriguing questions, including how is dynein recruited to its diverse cargo, how is recruitment coupled to activation of the motor, how is motility regulated to meet different requirements for force production and how does dynein coordinate its activity with that of other microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) present on the same cargo. Here, these questions will be discussed in the context of dynein at the kinetochore, the supramolecular protein structure that connects segregating chromosomes to spindle microtubules in dividing cells. As the first kinetochore-localized MAP described, dynein has intrigued cell biologists for more than three decades. The first part of this Review summarizes current knowledge about how kinetochore dynein contributes to efficient and accurate spindle assembly, and the second part describes the underlying molecular mechanisms and highlights emerging commonalities with dynein regulation at other subcellular sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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8
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Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
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9
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d'Amico EA, Ud Din Ahmad M, Cmentowski V, Girbig M, Müller F, Wohlgemuth S, Brockmeyer A, Maffini S, Janning P, Vetter IR, Carter AP, Perrakis A, Musacchio A. Conformational transitions of the Spindly adaptor underlie its interaction with Dynein and Dynactin. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213466. [PMID: 36107127 PMCID: PMC9481740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Dynein 1, or Dynein, is a microtubule minus end-directed motor. Dynein motility requires Dynactin and a family of activating adaptors that stabilize the Dynein-Dynactin complex and promote regulated interactions with cargo in space and time. How activating adaptors limit Dynein activation to specialized subcellular locales is unclear. Here, we reveal that Spindly, a mitotic Dynein adaptor at the kinetochore corona, exists natively in a closed conformation that occludes binding of Dynein-Dynactin to its CC1 box and Spindly motif. A structure-based analysis identified various mutations promoting an open conformation of Spindly that binds Dynein-Dynactin. A region of Spindly downstream from the Spindly motif and not required for cargo binding faces the CC1 box and stabilizes the intramolecular closed conformation. This region is also required for robust kinetochore localization of Spindly, suggesting that kinetochores promote Spindly activation to recruit Dynein. Thus, our work illustrates how specific Dynein activation at a defined cellular locale may require multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio A d'Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Misbha Ud Din Ahmad
- Oncode Institute and Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Brockmeyer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute and Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Raisch T, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Cmentowski V, Carmignani S, Maffini S, Merino F, Wohlgemuth S, Vetter IR, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of Spindly‐driven corona assembly at human kinetochores. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110411. [PMID: 35373361 PMCID: PMC9058546 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, a ≈1 megadalton (MDa) multiprotein complex comprising the dynein–dynactin adaptor Spindly and the ROD–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex is the building block of a fibrous biopolymer, the kinetochore fibrous corona. The corona assembles on mitotic kinetochores to promote microtubule capture and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. We report here a high‐resolution cryo‐EM structure that captures the essential features of the RZZ complex, including a farnesyl‐binding site required for Spindly binding. Using a highly predictive in vitro assay, we demonstrate that the SAC kinase MPS1 is necessary and sufficient for corona assembly at supercritical concentrations of the RZZ–Spindly (RZZS) complex, and describe the molecular mechanism of phosphorylation‐dependent filament nucleation. We identify several structural requirements for RZZS polymerization in rings and sheets. Finally, we identify determinants of kinetochore localization and corona assembly of Spindly. Our results describe a framework for the long‐sought‐for molecular basis of corona assembly on metazoan kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Biology University Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
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11
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Kumari A, Kumar C, Pergu R, Kumar M, Mahale SP, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Phosphorylation and Pin1 binding to the LIC1 subunit selectively regulate mitotic dynein functions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212736. [PMID: 34709360 PMCID: PMC8562849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynein motor performs multiple functions in mitosis by engaging with a wide cargo spectrum. One way to regulate dynein's cargo-binding selectivity is through the C-terminal domain (CTD) of its light intermediate chain 1 subunit (LIC1), which binds directly with cargo adaptors. Here we show that mitotic phosphorylation of LIC1-CTD at its three cdk1 sites is required for proper mitotic progression, for dynein loading onto prometaphase kinetochores, and for spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation in human cells. Mitotic LIC1-CTD phosphorylation also engages the prolyl isomerase Pin1 predominantly to Hook2-dynein-Nde1-Lis1 complexes, but not to dynein-spindly-dynactin complexes. LIC1-CTD dephosphorylation abrogates dynein-Pin1 binding, promotes prophase centrosome-nuclear envelope detachment, and impairs metaphase chromosome congression and mitotic Golgi fragmentation, without affecting interphase membrane transport. Phosphomutation of a conserved LIC1-CTD SP site in zebrafish leads to early developmental defects. Our work reveals that LIC1-CTD phosphorylation differentially regulates distinct mitotic dynein pools and suggests the evolutionary conservation of this phosphoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar P Mahale
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad Haryana, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Karnataka, India
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12
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Habu T, Kim J. Dynein intermediate chain 2c (DNCI2c) complex is essential for exiting Mad2-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119120. [PMID: 34400173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Mad2 protein plays a key role in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) function. The SAC pathway delays mitotic progression into anaphase until all kinetochores attach to the spindle during mitosis. The formation of the Mad2-p31comet complex correlates with the completion of spindle attachment and the entry into anaphase during mitosis. Herein, we showed that dynein intermediate chain 2c (DNCI2c)-a subunit of dynein motor protein-forms an immunocomplex with p31comet during mitosis. DNCI2c-knockdown resulted in prolonged mitotic arrest in a Mad2-dependent manner. Furthermore, DNCI2c-knockdown-induced mitotic arrest was not rescued by p31comet overexpression. However, the combination of p31comet overexpression with the mitotic drug treatment reversed the mitotic arrest in DNCI2c-knockdown. Together, these results indicate that the DNCI2c-p31comet complex plays an important role in exiting Mad2-dependent SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Habu
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
| | - Jiyeong Kim
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
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13
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Kumari A, Kumar C, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Dynein light intermediate chains as pivotal determinants of dynein multifunctionality. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268315. [PMID: 34014309 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal cells, a single cytoplasmic dynein motor mediates microtubule minus-end-directed transport, counterbalancing dozens of plus-end-directed kinesins. The remarkable ability of dynein to interact with a diverse cargo spectrum stems from its tightly regulated recruitment of cargo-specific adaptor proteins, which engage the dynactin complex to make a tripartite processive motor. Adaptor binding is governed by the homologous dynein light intermediate chain subunits LIC1 (DYNC1LI1) and LIC2 (DYNC1LI2), which exist in mutually exclusive dynein complexes that can perform both unique and overlapping functions. The intrinsically disordered and variable C-terminal domains of the LICs are indispensable for engaging a variety of structurally divergent adaptors. Here, we hypothesize that numerous spatiotemporally regulated permutations of posttranslational modifications of the LICs, as well as of the adaptors and cargoes, exponentially expand the spectrum of dynein-adaptor-cargo complexes. We thematically illustrate the possibilities that could generate a vast set of biochemical variations required to support the wide range of dynein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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14
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Navarro AP, Cheeseman IM. Kinetochore assembly throughout the cell cycle. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:62-74. [PMID: 33753005 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetochore plays an essential role in facilitating chromosome segregation during cell division. This massive protein complex assembles onto the centromere of chromosomes and enables their attachment to spindle microtubules during mitosis. The kinetochore also functions as a signaling hub to regulate cell cycle progression, and is crucial to ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Despite the fact that kinetochores are large and robust molecular assemblies, they are also highly dynamic structures that undergo structural and organizational changes throughout the cell cycle. This review will highlight our current understanding of kinetochore structure and function, focusing on the dynamic processes that underlie kinetochore assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Navarro
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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15
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Hara M, Fukagawa T. Dynamics of kinetochore structure and its regulations during mitotic progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2981-2995. [PMID: 32052088 PMCID: PMC11104943 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis in eukaryotes requires attachment of the kinetochore, a large protein complex assembled on the centromere of each chromosome, to the spindle microtubules. The kinetochore is a structural interface for the microtubule attachment and provides molecular surveillance mechanisms that monitor and ensure the precise microtubule attachment as well, including error correction and spindle assembly checkpoint. During mitotic progression, the kinetochore undergoes dynamic morphological changes that are observable through electron microscopy as well as through fluorescence microscopy. These structural changes might be associated with the kinetochore function. In this review, we summarize how the dynamics of kinetochore morphology are associated with its functions and discuss recent findings on the switching of protein interaction networks in the kinetochore during cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hara
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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16
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Sharma A, Dagar S, Mylavarapu SVS. Transgelin-2 and phosphoregulation of the LIC2 subunit of dynein govern mitotic spindle orientation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239673. [PMID: 32467330 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular motor dynein is essential for mitotic spindle orientation, which defines the axis of cell division. The light intermediate chain subunits, LIC1 and LIC2, define biochemically and functionally distinct vertebrate dynein complexes, with LIC2-dynein playing a crucial role in ensuring spindle orientation. We reveal a novel, mitosis-specific interaction of LIC2-dynein with the cortical actin-bundling protein transgelin-2. Transgelin-2 is required for maintaining proper spindle length, equatorial metaphase chromosome alignment, spindle orientation and timely anaphase onset. We show that transgelin-2 stabilizes the cortical recruitment of LGN-NuMA, which together with dynein is required for spindle orientation. The opposing actions of transgelin-2 and LIC2-dynein maintain optimal cortical levels of LGN-NuMA. In addition, we show that the highly conserved serine 194 phosphorylation of LIC2 is required for proper spindle orientation, by maintaining mitotic centrosome integrity to ensure optimal astral microtubule nucleation. The work reveals two specific mechanisms through which LIC2-dynein regulates mitotic spindle orientation; namely, through a new interactor transgelin-2, which is required for engagement of LGN-NuMA with the actin cortex, and through mitotic phosphoregulation of LIC2 to control microtubule nucleation from the poles.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Affiliated to the Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sunayana Dagar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Affiliated to the Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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17
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Allan LA, Camacho Reis M, Ciossani G, Huis In 't Veld PJ, Wohlgemuth S, Kops GJ, Musacchio A, Saurin AT. Cyclin B1 scaffolds MAD1 at the kinetochore corona to activate the mitotic checkpoint. EMBO J 2020. [PMID: 32202322 DOI: 10.1525/embj.2019103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B:CDK1 is the master kinase regulator of mitosis. We show here that, in addition to its kinase functions, mammalian Cyclin B also scaffolds a localised signalling pathway to help preserve genome stability. Cyclin B1 localises to an expanded region of the outer kinetochore, known as the corona, where it scaffolds the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) machinery by binding directly to MAD1. In vitro reconstitutions map the key binding interface to a few acidic residues in the N-terminal region of MAD1, and point mutations in this sequence abolish MAD1 corona localisation and weaken the SAC. Therefore, Cyclin B1 is the long-sought-after scaffold that links MAD1 to the corona, and this specific pool of MAD1 is needed to generate a robust SAC response. Robustness arises because Cyclin B1:MAD1 localisation loses dependence on MPS1 kinase after the corona has been established, ensuring that corona-localised MAD1 can still be phosphorylated when MPS1 activity is low. Therefore, this study explains how corona-MAD1 generates a robust SAC signal, and it reveals a scaffolding role for the key mitotic kinase, Cyclin B1:CDK1, which ultimately helps to inhibit its own degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Allan
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Magda Camacho Reis
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Geert Jpl Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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18
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Allan LA, Camacho Reis M, Ciossani G, Huis in ‘t Veld PJ, Wohlgemuth S, Kops GJPL, Musacchio A, Saurin AT. Cyclin B1 scaffolds MAD1 at the kinetochore corona to activate the mitotic checkpoint. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103180. [PMID: 32202322 PMCID: PMC7298293 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B:CDK1 is the master kinase regulator of mitosis. We show here that, in addition to its kinase functions, mammalian Cyclin B also scaffolds a localised signalling pathway to help preserve genome stability. Cyclin B1 localises to an expanded region of the outer kinetochore, known as the corona, where it scaffolds the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) machinery by binding directly to MAD1. In vitro reconstitutions map the key binding interface to a few acidic residues in the N-terminal region of MAD1, and point mutations in this sequence abolish MAD1 corona localisation and weaken the SAC. Therefore, Cyclin B1 is the long-sought-after scaffold that links MAD1 to the corona, and this specific pool of MAD1 is needed to generate a robust SAC response. Robustness arises because Cyclin B1:MAD1 localisation loses dependence on MPS1 kinase after the corona has been established, ensuring that corona-localised MAD1 can still be phosphorylated when MPS1 activity is low. Therefore, this study explains how corona-MAD1 generates a robust SAC signal, and it reveals a scaffolding role for the key mitotic kinase, Cyclin B1:CDK1, which ultimately helps to inhibit its own degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Allan
- Division of Cellular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Magda Camacho Reis
- Division of Cellular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Pim J Huis in ‘t Veld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Geert JPL Kops
- Oncode InstituteHubrecht Institute—KNAW and University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cellular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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19
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Kixmoeller K, Allu PK, Black BE. The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle. Open Biol 2020; 10:200051. [PMID: 32516549 PMCID: PMC7333888 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosome segregation relies upon specific connections from DNA to the microtubule-based spindle that forms at cell division. The chromosomal locus that directs this process is the centromere, where a structure called the kinetochore forms upon entry into mitosis. Recent crystallography and single-particle electron microscopy have provided unprecedented high-resolution views of the molecular complexes involved in this process. The centromere is epigenetically specified by nucleosomes harbouring a histone H3 variant, CENP-A, and we review recent progress on how it differentiates centromeric chromatin from the rest of the chromosome, the biochemical pathway that mediates its assembly and how two non-histone components of the centromere specifically recognize CENP-A nucleosomes. The core centromeric nucleosome complex (CCNC) is required to recruit a 16-subunit complex termed the constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN), and we highlight recent structures reported of the budding yeast CCAN. Finally, the structures of multiple modular sub-complexes of the kinetochore have been solved at near-atomic resolution, providing insight into how connections are made to the CCAN on one end and to the spindle microtubules on the other. One can now build molecular models from the DNA through to the physical connections to microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Kixmoeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Allu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben E Black
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Xiao Y, Luo H, Yang WZ, Zeng Y, Shen Y, Ni X, Shi Z, Zhong J, Liang Z, Fu X, Tu H, Sun W, Shen WL, Hu J, Yang J. A Brain Signaling Framework for Stress-Induced Depression and Ketamine Treatment Elucidated by Phosphoproteomics. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:48. [PMID: 32317933 PMCID: PMC7156020 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common affective disorder characterized by significant and persistent low mood. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, is reported to have a rapid and durable antidepressant effect, but the mechanisms are unclear. Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in cell signaling. Thus, we present a phosphoproteomics approach to investigate the mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression and the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine in mice. We analyzed the phosphoprotein changes induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and ketamine treatment in two known mood control centers, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We initially obtained >8,000 phosphorylation sites. Quantitation revealed 3,988 sites from the mPFC and 3,196 sites from the NAc. Further analysis revealed that changes in synaptic transmission-related signaling are a common feature. Notably, CUMS-induced changes were reversed by ketamine treatment, as shown by the analysis of commonly altered sites. Ketamine also induced specific changes, such as alterations in synapse organization, synaptic transmission, and enzyme binding. Collectively, our findings establish a signaling framework for stress-induced depression and the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Z Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies & School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeting Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinbo Shen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaomei Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Delta Omics Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ziqi Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Tu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Chinese Institute For Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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21
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Even I, Reidenbach S, Schlechter T, Berns N, Herold R, Roth W, Krunic D, Riechmann V, Hofmann I. DLIC
1
, but not
DLIC
2
, is upregulated in colon cancer and this contributes to proliferative overgrowth and migratory characteristics of cancer cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:803-820. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Even
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM) Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Sonja Reidenbach
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tanja Schlechter
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicola Berns
- Department for Cell and Molecular Biology Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Rosanna Herold
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Veit Riechmann
- Department for Cell and Molecular Biology Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Ilse Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM) Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
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22
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Qian J, Gelens L, Bollen M. Coordination of Timers and Sensors in Cell Signaling. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800217. [PMID: 30730051 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Timers and sensors are common devices that make our daily life safer, more convenient, and more efficient. In a cellular context, they arguably play an even more crucial role as they ensure the survival of cells in the presence of various extrinsic and intrinsic stresses. Biological timers and sensors generate distinct signaling profiles, enabling them to produce different types of cellular responses. Recent data suggest that they can work together to guarantee correct timing and responsiveness. By exploring examples of cellular stress signaling from mitosis, DNA damage, and hypoxia, the authors discuss the common architecture of timer-sensor integration, and how its added features contribute to the generation of desired signaling profiles when dealing with stresses of variable duration and strength. The authors propose timer-sensor integration as a widespread mechanism with profound biological implications and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Qian
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lendert Gelens
- Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Ou S, Tan MH, Weng T, Li H, Koh CG. LIM kinase1 regulates mitotic centrosome integrity via its activity on dynein light intermediate chains. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.170202. [PMID: 29925632 PMCID: PMC6030115 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal centrosome number and function have been implicated in tumour development. LIM kinase1 (LIMK1), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, is found to localize at the mitotic centrosome. However, its role at the centrosome is not fully explored. Here, we report that LIMK1 depletion resulted in multi-polar spindles and defocusing of centrosomes, implicating its involvement in the regulation of mitotic centrosome integrity. LIMK1 could influence centrosome integrity by modulating centrosomal protein localization at the spindle pole. Interestingly, dynein light intermediate chains (LICs) are able to rescue the defects observed in LIMK1-depleted cells. We found that LICs are potential novel interacting partners and substrates of LIMK1 and that LIMK1 phosphorylation regulates cytoplasmic dynein function in centrosomal protein transport, which in turn impacts mitotic spindle pole integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirong Ou
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Mei-Hua Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ting Weng
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - HoiYeung Li
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore .,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
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24
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Saurin AT. Kinase and Phosphatase Cross-Talk at the Kinetochore. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:62. [PMID: 29971233 PMCID: PMC6018199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple kinases and phosphatases act on the kinetochore to control chromosome segregation: Aurora B, Mps1, Bub1, Plk1, Cdk1, PP1, and PP2A-B56, have all been shown to regulate both kinetochore-microtubule attachments and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Given that so many kinases and phosphatases converge onto two key mitotic processes, it is perhaps not surprising to learn that they are, quite literally, entangled in cross-talk. Inhibition of any one of these enzymes produces secondary effects on all the others, which results in a complicated picture that is very difficult to interpret. This review aims to clarify this picture by first collating the direct effects of each enzyme into one overarching schematic of regulation at the Knl1/Mis12/Ndc80 (KMN) network (a major signaling hub at the outer kinetochore). This schematic will then be used to discuss the implications of the cross-talk that connects these enzymes; both in terms of why it may be needed to produce the right type of kinetochore signals and why it nevertheless complicates our interpretations about which enzymes control what processes. Finally, some general experimental approaches will be discussed that could help to characterize kinetochore signaling by dissociating the direct from indirect effect of kinase or phosphatase inhibition in vivo. Together, this review should provide a framework to help understand how a network of kinases and phosphatases cooperate to regulate two key mitotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T. Saurin
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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25
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Ciossani G, Overlack K, Petrovic A, Huis In 't Veld PJ, Koerner C, Wohlgemuth S, Maffini S, Musacchio A. The kinetochore proteins CENP-E and CENP-F directly and specifically interact with distinct BUB mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10084-10101. [PMID: 29748388 PMCID: PMC6028960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The segregation of chromosomes during cell division relies on the function of the kinetochores, protein complexes that physically connect chromosomes with microtubules of the spindle. The metazoan proteins, centromere protein E (CENP-E) and CENP-F, are components of a fibrous layer of mitotic kinetochores named the corona. Several of their features suggest that CENP-E and CENP-F are paralogs: they are very large (comprising ∼2700 and 3200 residues, respectively), contain abundant predicted coiled-coil structures, are C-terminally prenylated, and are endowed with microtubule-binding sites at their termini. Moreover, CENP-E contains an ATP-hydrolyzing motor domain that promotes microtubule plus end–directed motion. Here, we show that both CENP-E and CENP-F are recruited to mitotic kinetochores independently of the main corona constituent, the Rod/Zwilch/ZW10 (RZZ) complex. We identified specific interactions of CENP-F and CENP-E with budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) and BUB1-related (BUBR1) mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases, respectively, paralogous proteins involved in mitotic checkpoint control and chromosome alignment. Whereas BUBR1 was dispensable for kinetochore localization of CENP-E, BUB1 was stringently required for CENP-F localization. Through biochemical reconstitution, we demonstrated that the CENP-E/BUBR1 and CENP-F/BUB1 interactions are direct and require similar determinants, a dimeric coiled-coil in CENP-E or CENP-F and a kinase domain in BUBR1 or BUB1. Our findings are consistent with the existence of structurally similar BUB1/CENP-F and BUBR1/CENP-E complexes, supporting the notion that CENP-E and CENP-F are evolutionarily related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciossani
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Katharina Overlack
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Carolin Koerner
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Stefano Maffini
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and .,the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse, 45141 Essen, Germany
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26
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Disruption of the anaphase-promoting complex confers resistance to TTK inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1570-E1577. [PMID: 29378962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719577115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TTK protein kinase (TTK), also known as Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1), is a key regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which functions to maintain genomic integrity. TTK has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in human cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Several TTK inhibitors (TTKis) are being evaluated in clinical trials, and an understanding of the mechanisms mediating TTKi sensitivity and resistance could inform the successful development of this class of agents. We evaluated the cellular effects of the potent clinical TTKi CFI-402257 in TNBC models. CFI-402257 induced apoptosis and potentiated aneuploidy in TNBC lines by accelerating progression through mitosis and inducing mitotic segregation errors. We used genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens in multiple TNBC cell lines to identify mechanisms of resistance to CFI-402257. Our functional genomic screens identified members of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) complex, which promotes mitotic progression following inactivation of the SAC. Several screen candidates were validated to confer resistance to CFI-402257 and other TTKis using CRISPR/Cas9 and siRNA methods. These findings extend the observation that impairment of the APC/C enables cells to tolerate genomic instability caused by SAC inactivation, and support the notion that a measure of APC/C function could predict the response to TTK inhibition. Indeed, an APC/C gene expression signature is significantly associated with CFI-402257 response in breast and lung adenocarcinoma cell line panels. This expression signature, along with somatic alterations in genes involved in mitotic progression, represent potential biomarkers that could be evaluated in ongoing clinical trials of CFI-402257 or other TTKis.
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27
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Miao Y, Zhou C, Cui Z, Tang L, ShiYang X, Lu Y, Zhang M, Dai X, Xiong B. Dynein promotes porcine oocyte meiotic progression by maintaining cytoskeletal structures and cortical granule arrangement. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2139-2145. [PMID: 28933593 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1380133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move towards the minus-end of the microtubules to perform functions in a variety of mitotic processes such as cargo transport, organelle positioning, chromosome movement and centrosome assembly. However, its specific roles during mammalian oocyte meiosis have not been fully defined. Herein, we investigated the critical events during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation after inhibition of dynein by Ciliobrevin D treatment. We found that oocyte meiotic progression was arrested when inhibited of dynein by showing the poor expansion of cumulus cells and decreased rate of polar body extrusion. Meanwhile, the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment were disrupted, accompanied by the reduced level of acetylated α-tubulin, indicative of weakened microtubule stability. Defective actin polymerization on the plasma membrane was also observed in dynein-inhibited oocytes. In addition, inhibition of dynein caused the abnormal distribution of cortical granules and precocious exocytosis of ovastacin, a cortical granule component, which predicts that ZP2, the sperm binding site in the zona pellucida, might be prematurely cleaved in the unfertilized dynein-inhibited oocytes, potentially leading to the fertilization failure. Collectively, our findings reveal that dynein plays a part in porcine oocyte meiotic progression by regulating the cytoskeleton dynamics including microtubule stability, spindle assembly, chromosome alignment and actin polymerization. We also find that dynein mediates the normal cortical granule distribution and exocytosis timing of ovastacin in unfertilized eggs which are the essential for the successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Miao
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Changyin Zhou
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhaokang Cui
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Liansheng Tang
- b Shandong Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Drugs , Jinan , China
| | - Xiayan ShiYang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yajuan Lu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Mianqun Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoxin Dai
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Bo Xiong
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
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28
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Mosalaganti S, Keller J, Altenfeld A, Winzker M, Rombaut P, Saur M, Petrovic A, Wehenkel A, Wohlgemuth S, Müller F, Maffini S, Bange T, Herzog F, Waldmann H, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of its interaction with Spindly. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:961-981. [PMID: 28320825 PMCID: PMC5379955 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rod–Zw10–Zwilch (RZZ) complex assembles as a fibrous corona on kinetochores before microtubule attachment during mitotic spindle formation. Mosalaganti et al. provide new structural insight into the Spindly–RZZ complex that suggests that it resembles a dynein adaptor–cargo pair in the kinetochore corona. Kinetochores are macromolecular assemblies that connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules (MTs) during mitosis. The metazoan-specific ≈800-kD ROD–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex builds a fibrous corona that assembles on mitotic kinetochores before MT attachment to promote chromosome alignment and robust spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. In this study, we combine biochemical reconstitutions, single-particle electron cryomicroscopy, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and structural modeling to build a complete model of human RZZ. We find that RZZ is structurally related to self-assembling cytosolic coat scaffolds that mediate membrane cargo trafficking, including Clathrin, Sec13–Sec31, and αβ’ε-COP. We show that Spindly, a dynein adaptor, is related to BicD2 and binds RZZ directly in a farnesylation-dependent but membrane-independent manner. Through a targeted chemical biology approach, we identify ROD as the Spindly farnesyl receptor. Our results suggest that RZZ is dynein’s cargo at human kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Mosalaganti
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jenny Keller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anika Altenfeld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Winzker
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pascaline Rombaut
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Saur
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wehenkel
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Bange
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franz Herzog
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany .,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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29
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Myung JK, Yeo SG, Kim KH, Baek KS, Shin D, Kim JH, Cho JY, Yoo BC. Proteins that interact with calgranulin B in the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. Oncotarget 2017; 8:6819-6832. [PMID: 28036279 PMCID: PMC5351672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calgranulin B is released from immune cells and can be internalized into colon cancer cells to prevent proliferation. The present study aimed to identify proteins that interact with calgranulin B to suppress the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and to obtain information on the underlying anti-tumor mechanism(s) of calgranulin B. Calgranulin B expression was induced in colon cancer cell line HCT-116 by infection with calgranulin B-FLAG expressing lentivirus, and it led to a significant suppression of cell proliferation. Proteins that interacted with calgranulin B were obtained by immunoprecipitation using whole homogenate of lentivirus-infected HCT-116 cells which expressing calgranulin B-FLAG, and identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 454 proteins were identified that potentially interact with calgranulin B, and most identified proteins were associated with RNA processing, post-transcriptional modifications and the EIF2 signaling pathway. Direct interaction of calgranulin B with flotillin-1, dynein intermediate chain 1, and CD59 glycoprotein has been confirmed, and the molecules N-myc proto-oncogene protein, rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, and myc proto-oncogene protein were shown to regulate calgranulin B-interacting proteins. Our results provide new insight and useful information to explain the possible mechanism(s) underlying the role of calgranulin B as an anti-tumor effector in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung-Gu Yeo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Omics Core, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Daye Shin
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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30
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Musacchio A, Desai A. A Molecular View of Kinetochore Assembly and Function. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:E5. [PMID: 28125021 PMCID: PMC5371998 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochores are large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughters. Kinetochores also control feedback mechanisms responsible for the correction of incorrect microtubule attachments, and for the coordination of chromosome attachment with cell cycle progression. Finally, kinetochores contribute to their own preservation, across generations, at the specific chromosomal loci devoted to host them, the centromeres. They achieve this in most species by exploiting an epigenetic, DNA-sequence-independent mechanism; notable exceptions are budding yeasts where a specific sequence is associated with centromere function. In the last 15 years, extensive progress in the elucidation of the composition of the kinetochore and the identification of various physical and functional modules within its substructure has led to a much deeper molecular understanding of kinetochore organization and the origins of its functional output. Here, we provide a broad summary of this progress, focusing primarily on kinetochores of humans and budding yeast, while highlighting work from other models, and present important unresolved questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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31
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Mahale S, Kumar M, Sharma A, Babu A, Ranjan S, Sachidanandan C, Mylavarapu SVS. The Light Intermediate Chain 2 Subpopulation of Dynein Regulates Mitotic Spindle Orientation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22. [PMID: 28003657 PMCID: PMC5431351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-016-0030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 is a multi-protein intracellular motor essential for mediating several mitotic functions, including the establishment of proper spindle orientation. The functional relevance and mechanistic distinctions between two discrete dynein subpopulations distinguished only by Light Intermediate Chain (LIC) homologues, LIC1 and LIC2 is unknown during mitosis. Here, we identify LIC2-dynein as the major mediator of proper spindle orientation and uncover its underlying molecular mechanism. Cortically localized dynein, essential for maintaining correct spindle orientation, consists majorly of LIC2-dynein, which interacts with cortical 14-3-3 ε- ζ and Par3, conserved proteins required for orienting the spindle. LIC2-dynein is also responsible for the majority of dynein-mediated asymmetric poleward transport of NuMA, helping focus microtubule minus ends. In addition, LIC2-dynein dominates in equatorially aligning chromosomes at metaphase and in regulating mitotic spindle length. Key mitotic functions of LIC2 were remarkably conserved in and essential for early embryonic divisions and development in zebrafish. Thus LIC2-dynein exclusively engages with two major cortical pathways to govern spindle orientation. Overall, we identify a novel selectivity of molecular interactions between the two LICs in mitosis as the underlying basis for their uneven distribution of labour in ensuring proper spindle orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Mahale
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.,Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.,Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aswini Babu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shashi Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India. .,Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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32
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Ibrahim B. In silico spatial simulations reveal that MCC formation and excess BubR1 are required for tight inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:2867-77. [PMID: 26256776 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In response to the activation of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), distinct inhibitory pathways control the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C). It remains unclear whether the different regulatory mechanisms function in separate pathways or as part of an integrated signalling system. Here, five variant models of APC/C regulation were constructed and analysed. The simulations showed that all variant models were able to reproduce the wild type behaviour of the APC. However, only one model, which included both the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) as well as BubR1 as direct inhibitors of the APC/C, was able to reproduce both wild and mutant type behaviour of APC/C regulation. Interestingly, in this model, the MCC as well as the BubR1 binding rate to the APC/C was comparable to the known Cdc20-Mad2 binding rate and could not be made higher. Mad2 active transport towards the spindle mid-zone accelerated the inhibition speed of the APC/C but not its concentration level. The presented study highlights the principle that a systems biology approach is critical for the SAC mechanism and could also be used for predicting hypotheses to design future experiments. The presented work has successfully distinguished between five potent inhibitors of the APC/C using a systems biology approach. Here, the favoured model contains both BubR1 and MCC as direct inhibitors of the APC/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Ibrahim
- Bio System Analysis Group, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, and Jena Centre for Bioinformatics (JCB), 07743 Jena, Germany.
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33
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Mahale SP, Sharma A, Mylavarapu SVS. Dynein Light Intermediate Chain 2 Facilitates the Metaphase to Anaphase Transition by Inactivating the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159646. [PMID: 27441562 PMCID: PMC4956306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-functional molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein performs diverse essential roles during mitosis. The mechanistic importance of the dynein Light Intermediate Chain homologs, LIC1 and LIC2 is unappreciated, especially in the context of mitosis. LIC1 and LIC2 are believed to exist in distinct cytoplasmic dynein complexes as obligate subunits. LIC1 had earlier been reported to be required for metaphase to anaphase progression by inactivating the kinetochore-microtubule attachment-sensing arm of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the functional importance of LIC2 during mitosis remains elusive. Here we report prominent novel roles for the LIC2 subunit of cytoplasmic dynein in regulating the spindle assembly checkpoint. LIC2 depletion in mammalian cells led to prolonged metaphase arrest in the presence of an active SAC and also to stretched kinetochores, thus implicating it in SAC inactivation. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of SAC components revealed accumulation of both attachment- and tension-sensing checkpoint proteins at metaphase kinetochores upon LIC2 depletion. These observations support a stronger and more diverse role in checkpoint inactivation for LIC2 in comparison to its close homolog LIC1. Our study uncovers a novel functional hierarchy during mitotic checkpoint inactivation between the closely related but homologous LIC subunits of cytoplasmic dynein. These subtle functional distinctions between dynein subpopulations could be exploited to study specific aspects of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which is a key mediator of fidelity in eukaryotic cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar P. Mahale
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sivaram V. S. Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Silió V, McAinsh A, Millar J. KNL1-Bubs and RZZ Provide Two Separable Pathways for Checkpoint Activation at Human Kinetochores. Dev Cell 2015; 35:600-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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35
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Tarailo-Graovac M, Wong T, Qin Z, Flibotte S, Taylor J, Moerman DG, Rose AM, Chen N. Cyclin B3 and dynein heavy chain cooperate to increase fitness in the absence of mdf-1/MAD1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3089-199. [PMID: 25486568 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures genome stability by delaying anaphase onset until all the chromosomes have achieved proper spindle attachment. Once correct attachment has been achieved, SAC must be silenced. In the absence of mdf-1/MAD1, an essential SAC component, Caenorhabditis elegans cannot propagate beyond 3 generations. Previously, in a dog-1(gk10)/FANCJ mutator background, we isolated a suppressor of mdf-1(gk2) sterility (such-4) which allowed indefinite propagation in the absence of MDF-1. We showed that such-4 is a Cyclin B3 (cyb-3) duplication. Here we analyze mdf-1 such-4; dog-1, which we propagated for 470 generations, with freezing of samples for long time storage at F170 and F270. Phenotypic analysis of this strain revealed additional suppression of sterility in the absence of MDF-1, beyond the effects of such-4. We applied oligonucleotide array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (oaCGH) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) and identified a further amplification of cyb-3 (triplication) and a new missense mutation in dynein heavy chain (dhc-1). We show that dhc-1(dot168) suppresses the mdf-1(gk2), and is the second cloned suppressor, next to cyb-3 duplication, that does not cause a delay in anaphase onset. We also show that amplification of cyb-3 and dhc-1(dot168) cooperate to increase fitness in the absence of MDF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry ; Simon Fraser University ; Burnaby , BC Canada
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36
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Abstract
A metaphase spindle is a complex structure consisting of microtubules and a myriad of different proteins that modulate microtubule dynamics together with chromatin and kinetochores. A decade ago, a full description of spindle formation and function seemed a lofty goal. Here, we describe how work in the last 10 years combining cataloging of spindle components, the characterization of their biochemical activities using single-molecule techniques, and theory have advanced our knowledge. Taken together, these advances suggest that a full understanding of spindle assembly and function may soon be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Reber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany Integrative Research Institute (IRI) for the Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Ibrahim B. Systems Biology Modeling of Five Pathways for Regulation and Potent Inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC/C): Pivotal Roles for MCC and BubR1. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:294-305. [PMID: 25871779 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Correct DNA segregation is a fundamental process that ensures the precise and reliable inheritance of genomic information for the propagation of cell life. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a conserved surveillance control mechanism for DNA segregation named the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC).The SAC ensures that the sister chromatids of the duplicated genome are not separated and distributed to the spindle poles before all chromosomes have been properly linked to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. Biochemically, the SAC delays cell cycle progression by preventing activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) or cyclosome whose activation by Cdc20 is required for sister-chromatid separation; this marks the transition into anaphase. In response to activation of the checkpoint, various species control the activity of both APC/C and Cdc20. However, the underlying regulatory pathways remain largely elusive. In this study, five possible model variants of APC/C regulation were constructed, namely BubR1, Mad2, MCC, MCF2, and an all-pathways model variant. These models were validated with experimental data from the literature. A wide range of parameter values has been tested to find the critical values of the APC/C binding rate. The results show that all variants are able to capture the wild-type behavior of the APC/C. However, only one model variant, which included both MCC as well as BubR1 as potent inhibitors of the APC/C, was able to reproduce both wild-type and mutant type behavior of APC/C regulation. In conclusion, the presented work informs the regulation of fundamental processes such as SAC and APC/C in cell biology and has successfully distinguished between five competing dynamical models using a systems biology approach. The results attest that systems-level approaches are vital for molecular and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Ibrahim
- 1 Bio System Analysis Group, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , and Jena Centre for Bioinformatics (JCB), Jena, Germany
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Jones LA, Villemant C, Starborg T, Salter A, Goddard G, Ruane P, Woodman PG, Papalopulu N, Woolner S, Allan VJ. Dynein light intermediate chains maintain spindle bipolarity by functioning in centriole cohesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:499-516. [PMID: 25422374 PMCID: PMC4242835 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201408025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chains are required for the maintenance of centriole cohesion and the formation of a bipolar spindle in both human cells and Xenopus embryos. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein) is a minus end–directed microtubule motor protein with many cellular functions, including during cell division. The role of the light intermediate chains (LICs; DYNC1LI1 and 2) within the complex is poorly understood. In this paper, we have used small interfering RNAs or morpholino oligonucleotides to deplete the LICs in human cell lines and Xenopus laevis early embryos to dissect the LICs’ role in cell division. We show that although dynein lacking LICs drives microtubule gliding at normal rates, the LICs are required for the formation and maintenance of a bipolar spindle. Multipolar spindles with poles that contain single centrioles were formed in cells lacking LICs, indicating that they are needed for maintaining centrosome integrity. The formation of multipolar spindles via centrosome splitting after LIC depletion could be rescued by inhibiting Eg5. This suggests a novel role for the dynein complex, counteracted by Eg5, in the maintenance of centriole cohesion during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Jones
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Cécile Villemant
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Toby Starborg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Anna Salter
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Georgina Goddard
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Peter Ruane
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Philip G Woodman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Sarah Woolner
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Victoria J Allan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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Schroeder CM, Ostrem JML, Hertz NT, Vale RD. A Ras-like domain in the light intermediate chain bridges the dynein motor to a cargo-binding region. eLife 2014; 3:e03351. [PMID: 25272277 PMCID: PMC4359372 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule-based motor protein, transports many intracellular cargos by means of its light intermediate chain (LIC). In this study, we have determined the crystal structure of the conserved LIC domain, which binds the motor heavy chain, from a thermophilic fungus. We show that the LIC has a Ras-like fold with insertions that distinguish it from Ras and other previously described G proteins. Despite having a G protein fold, the fungal LIC has lost its ability to bind nucleotide, while the human LIC1 binds GDP preferentially over GTP. We show that the LIC G domain binds the dynein heavy chain using a conserved patch of aromatic residues, whereas the less conserved C-terminal domain binds several Rab effectors involved in membrane transport. These studies provide the first structural information and insight into the evolutionary origin of the LIC as well as revealing how this critical subunit connects the dynein motor to cargo. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03351.001 Living cells are constantly bustling with activity. They take in nutrients, carefully split their genetic information between new cells when they divide, and move their internal components into the right positions. To move these cargos around, the cell uses proteins—such as dynein—that essentially walks along the cell's internal scaffolding by making step-like movements. However, how a dynein motor protein is tethered to its cargo is not known in detail. One part of the dynein structure thought to play an important role in binding the motor to its cargo is called the light intermediate chain (LIC). Schroeder et al. used X-ray crystallography to solve the structure of the light intermediate chain of dynein motors from a fungus. This information with other experimental techniques reveals that the LIC subunit has two distinct regions: one that binds to three different proteins that serve as adapters for cargo attachment, and one that binds to the rest of the dynein motor. The structure of the LIC includes a fold that is also found in many proteins belonging to a family of enzymes called GTPases, suggesting that the LIC evolved from this family. GTPases use a molecule called GTP to release energy and often act as on–off switches for various processes inside cells. However, the fungal LIC subunit cannot bind to molecules called nucleotides—which can act as energy sources—the way GTPases do. This prevents the LIC subunit from acting as a molecular switch. In contrast, the human version of the LIC is able to bind to some nucleotides, in particular one called GDP. However, since the LIC cannot bind to the high-energy nucleotide GTP, the human LICs most likely also do not act as on–off switches: Schroeder et al. instead propose that the LIC may use GDP only to stabilize the protein. It remains to be seen how cargo attachment to the LIC is regulated. Further structural work and biochemistry with the LIC bound to the dynein motor and cargo will provide more insight into the mechanism of intracellular cargo transport. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03351.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Schroeder
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jonathan M L Ostrem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ronald D Vale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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40
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Kong S, Du X, Du X, Peng C, Wu Y, Li H, Jin X, Hou L, Deng K, Xu T, Tao W. Dlic1 deficiency impairs ciliogenesis of photoreceptors by destabilizing dynein. Cell Res 2013; 23:835-50. [PMID: 23628724 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 is fundamentally important for transporting a variety of essential cargoes along microtubules within eukaryotic cells. However, in mammals, few mutants are available for studying the effects of defects in dynein-controlled processes in the context of the whole organism. Here, we deleted mouse Dlic1 gene encoding DLIC1, a subunit of the dynein complex. Dlic1(-/-) mice are viable, but display severe photoreceptor degeneration. Ablation of Dlic1 results in ectopic accumulation of outer segment (OS) proteins, and impairs OS growth and ciliogenesis of photoreceptors by interfering with Rab11-vesicle trafficking and blocking efficient OS protein transport from Golgi to the basal body. Our studies show that Dlic1 deficiency partially blocks vesicle export from endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but seems not to affect vesicle transport from the ER to Golgi. Further mechanistic study reveals that lack of Dlic1 destabilizes dynein subunits and alters the normal subcellular distribution of dynein in photoreceptors, probably due to the impaired transport function of dynein. Our results demonstrate that Dlic1 plays important roles in ciliogenesis and protein transport to the OS, and is required for photoreceptor development and survival. The Dlic1(-/-) mice also provide a new mouse model to study human retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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41
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Sousounis K, Looso M, Maki N, Ivester CJ, Braun T, Tsonis PA. Transcriptome analysis of newt lens regeneration reveals distinct gradients in gene expression patterns. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61445. [PMID: 23613853 PMCID: PMC3628982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the lens in newts is quite a unique process. The lens is removed in its entirety and regeneration ensues from the pigment epithelial cells of the dorsal iris via transdifferentiation. The same type of cells from the ventral iris are not capable of regenerating a lens. It is, thus, expected that differences between dorsal and ventral iris during the process of regeneration might provide important clues pertaining to the mechanism of regeneration. In this paper, we employed next generation RNA-seq to determine gene expression patterns during lens regeneration in Notophthalmus viridescens. The expression of more than 38,000 transcripts was compared between dorsal and ventral iris. Although very few genes were found to be dorsal- or ventral-specific, certain groups of genes were up-regulated specifically in the dorsal iris. These genes are involved in cell cycle, gene regulation, cytoskeleton and immune response. In addition, the expression of six highly regulated genes, TBX5, FGF10, UNC5B, VAX2, NR2F5, and NTN1, was verified using qRT-PCR. These graded gene expression patterns provide insight into the mechanism of lens regeneration, the markers that are specific to dorsal or ventral iris, and layout a map for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sousounis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mario Looso
- Department of Bioinformatics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nobuyasu Maki
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Ivester
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (TB); (PAT)
| | - Panagiotis A. Tsonis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TB); (PAT)
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42
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Yeh TY, Kowalska AK, Scipioni BR, Cheong FKY, Zheng M, Derewenda U, Derewenda ZS, Schroer TA. Dynactin helps target Polo-like kinase 1 to kinetochores via its left-handed beta-helical p27 subunit. EMBO J 2013; 32:1023-35. [PMID: 23455152 PMCID: PMC3616283 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynactin is a protein complex required for the in vivo function of cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule (MT)-based motor. Dynactin binds both dynein and MTs via its p150(Glued) subunit, but little is known about the 'pointed-end complex' that includes the protein subunits Arp11, p62 and the p27/p25 heterodimer. Here, we show that the p27/p25 heterodimer undergoes mitotic phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at a single site, p27 Thr186, to generate an anchoring site for polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) at kinetochores. Removal of p27/p25 from dynactin results in reduced levels of Plk1 and its phosphorylated substrates at kinetochores in prometaphase, which correlates with aberrant kinetochore-MT interactions, improper chromosome alignment and abbreviated mitosis. To investigate the structural implications of p27 phosphorylation, we determined the structure of human p27. This revealed an unusual left-handed β-helix domain, with the phosphorylation site located within a disordered, C-terminal segment. We conclude that dynactin plays a previously undescribed regulatory role in the spindle assembly checkpoint by recruiting Plk1 to kinetochores and facilitating phosphorylation of important downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Yeh
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna K Kowalska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brett R Scipioni
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Meiying Zheng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Urszula Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zygmunt S Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Trina A Schroer
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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43
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Proper cyclin B3 dosage is important for precision of metaphase-to-anaphase onset timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:865-71. [PMID: 22908035 PMCID: PMC3411242 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and their compulsory cofactors, the cyclins, are the two key classes of regulatory molecules that determine the eukaryotic cell's progress through the cell cycle by substrate phosphorylation. Cdk1 forms complexes with B-type cyclins and phosphorylates a number of substrates as cells prepare to enter mitosis. CYB-3 (Cyclin B3) is a B-type cyclin that has been recently shown to be required for the timely metaphase-to-anaphase transition, presumably by alleviating a spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) block. Previously, we have shown that doubling the CYB-3 dosage suppresses sterility in the absence of the essential SAC component MDF-1/Mad1. Here we demonstrate the importance of the Mos1-mediated single-copy insertion method for understanding the effects of gene dosage by generating strains that have more (two or three) copies of the cyb-3 in wild-type and mdf-1(gk2) backgrounds to investigate dosage effect of CYB-3 on mitotic progression as well as development and fertility in the absence and the presence of the MDF-1 checkpoint component. We show that tripling the dosage of CYB-3 results in a significantly variable metaphase-to-anaphase transition, both in wild-type and mdf-1(gk2) mutant backgrounds. Although a majority of embryos initiate anaphase onset normally, a significant number of embryos initiate anaphase with a delay. We also show that tripling the dosage of CYB-3 has no effect on viability in the wild-type background; however, it does reduce the sterility caused by the absence of MDF-1. Together, these data reveal that proper dosage of CYB-3 is important for precision of timely execution of anaphase onset regardless of the presence of the MDF-1 checkpoint component.
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44
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Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic RAC1 mutations in melanoma. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1006-14. [PMID: 22842228 PMCID: PMC3432702 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the mutational landscape of melanoma, the form of skin cancer with the highest mortality rate, by sequencing the exomes of 147 melanomas. Sun-exposed melanomas had markedly more ultraviolet (UV)-like C>T somatic mutations compared to sun-shielded acral, mucosal and uveal melanomas. Among the newly identified cancer genes was PPP6C, encoding a serine/threonine phosphatase, which harbored mutations that clustered in the active site in 12% of sun-exposed melanomas, exclusively in tumors with mutations in BRAF or NRAS. Notably, we identified a recurrent UV-signature, an activating mutation in RAC1 in 9.2% of sun-exposed melanomas. This activating mutation, the third most frequent in our cohort of sun-exposed melanoma after those of BRAF and NRAS, changes Pro29 to serine (RAC1P29S) in the highly conserved switch I domain. Crystal structures, and biochemical and functional studies of RAC1P29S showed that the alteration releases the conformational restraint conferred by the conserved proline, causes an increased binding of the protein to downstream effectors, and promotes melanocyte proliferation and migration. These findings raise the possibility that pharmacological inhibition of downstream effectors of RAC1 signaling could be of therapeutic benefit.
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45
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Stephens DJ. Functional coupling of microtubules to membranes - implications for membrane structure and dynamics. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2795-804. [PMID: 22736043 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.097675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule network dictates much of the spatial patterning of the cytoplasm, and the coupling of microtubules to membranes controls the structure and positioning of organelles and directs membrane trafficking between them. The connection between membranes and the microtubule cytoskeleton, and the way in which organelles are shaped and moved by interactions with the cytoskeleton, have been studied intensively in recent years. In particular, recent work has expanded our thinking of this topic to include the mechanisms by which membranes are shaped and how cargo is selected for trafficking as a result of coupling to the cytoskeleton. In this Commentary, I will discuss the molecular basis for membrane-motor coupling and the physiological outcomes of this coupling, including the way in which microtubule-based motors affect membrane structure, cargo sorting and vectorial trafficking between organelles. Whereas many core concepts of these processes are now well understood, key questions remain about how the coupling of motors to membranes is established and controlled, about the regulation of cargo and/or motor loading and about the control of directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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46
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Florian S, Mayer T. The Functional Antagonism between Eg5 and Dynein in Spindle Bipolarization Is Not Compatible with a Simple Push-Pull Model. Cell Rep 2012; 1:408-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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47
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Abstract
The organization and function of eukaryotic cells rely on the action of many different molecular motor proteins. Cytoplasmic dynein drives the movement of a wide range of cargoes towards the minus ends of microtubules, and these events are needed, not just at the single-cell level, but are vital for correct development. In the present paper, I review recent progress on understanding dynein's mechanochemistry, how it is regulated and how it binds to such a plethora of cargoes. The importance of a number of accessory factors in these processes is discussed.
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48
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Silva P, Barbosa J, Nascimento AV, Faria J, Reis R, Bousbaa H. Monitoring the fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation by the spindle assembly checkpoint. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:391-400. [PMID: 21951282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation relies on activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint, a surveillance mechanism that prevents premature anaphase onset until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle apparatus and aligned at the metaphase plate. Defects in this mechanism contribute to chromosome instability and aneuploidy, a hallmark of malignant cells. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of activation and silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint and its relationship to tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Silva
- Health Sciences Research Center, Superior Institute of Health Sciences - North, CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Groh KJ, Nesatyy VJ, Segner H, Eggen RIL, Suter MJF. Global proteomics analysis of testis and ovary in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:619-647. [PMID: 21229308 PMCID: PMC3146978 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling sex determination and differentiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are largely unknown. A genome-wide analysis may provide comprehensive insights into the processes involved. The mRNA expression in zebrafish gonads has been fairly well studied, but much less data on the corresponding protein expression are available, although the proteins are considered to be more relevant markers of gene function. Because mRNA and protein abundances rarely correlate well, mRNA profiles need to be complemented with the information on protein expression. The work presented here analyzed the proteomes of adult zebrafish gonads by a multidimensional protein identification technology, generating the to-date most populated lists of proteins expressed in mature zebrafish gonads. The acquired proteomics data partially confirmed existing transcriptomics information for several genes, including several novel transcripts. However, disagreements between mRNA and protein abundances were often observed, further stressing the necessity to assess the expression on different levels before drawing conclusions on a certain gene's expression and function. Several gene groups expressed in a sexually dimorphic way in zebrafish gonads were identified. Their potential importance for gonad development and function is discussed. The data gained in the current study provide a basis for further work on elucidating processes occurring during zebrafish development with use of high-throughput proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia J. Groh
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, Postbox 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Victor J. Nesatyy
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, Postbox 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Present Address: EPFL, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Postbox 8466, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rik I. L. Eggen
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, Postbox 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marc J.-F. Suter
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Toxicology, Überlandstrasse 133, Postbox 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Shembade N, Pujari R, Harhaj NS, Abbott DW, Harhaj EW. The kinase IKKα inhibits activation of the transcription factor NF-κB by phosphorylating the regulatory molecule TAX1BP1. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:834-43. [PMID: 21765415 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, the deubiquitinase A20 inducibly interacts with the regulatory molecules TAX1BP1, Itch and RNF11 to form the A20 ubiquitin-editing complex. However, the molecular signal that coordinates the assembly of this complex has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that TAX1BP1 was inducibly phosphorylated on Ser593 and Ser624 in response to proinflammatory stimuli. The kinase IKKα, but not IKKβ, was required for phosphorylation of TAX1BP1 and directly phosphorylated TAX1BP1 in response to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin 1 (IL-1). TAX1BP1 phosphorylation was pivotal for cytokine-dependent interactions among TAX1BP1, A20, Itch and RNF11 and downregulation of signaling by the transcription factor NF-κB. IKKα therefore serves a key role in the negative feedback of NF-κB canonical signaling by orchestrating assembly of the A20 ubiquitin-editing complex to limit inflammatory gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noula Shembade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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