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Mubaid S, Sanchez BJ, Algehani RA, Skopenkova V, Adjibade P, Hall DT, Busque S, Lian XJ, Ashour K, Tremblay AMK, Carlile G, Gagné JP, Diaz-Gaxiola A, Khattak S, Di Marco S, Thomas DY, Poirier GG, Gallouzi IE. Tankyrase-1 regulates RBP-mediated mRNA turnover to promote muscle fiber formation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4002-4020. [PMID: 38321934 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) is a post-translational modification mediated by a subset of ADP-ribosyl transferases (ARTs). Although PARylation-inhibition based therapies are considered as an avenue to combat debilitating diseases such as cancer and myopathies, the role of this modification in physiological processes such as cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we show that Tankyrase1 (TNKS1), a PARylating ART, plays a major role in myogenesis, a vital process known to drive muscle fiber formation and regeneration. Although all bona fide PARPs are expressed in muscle cells, experiments using siRNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological inhibition show that TNKS1 is the enzyme responsible of catalyzing PARylation during myogenesis. Via this activity, TNKS1 controls the turnover of mRNAs encoding myogenic regulatory factors such as nucleophosmin (NPM) and myogenin. TNKS1 mediates these effects by targeting RNA-binding proteins such as Human Antigen R (HuR). HuR harbors a conserved TNKS-binding motif (TBM), the mutation of which not only prevents the association of HuR with TNKS1 and its PARylation, but also precludes HuR from regulating the turnover of NPM and myogenin mRNAs as well as from promoting myogenesis. Therefore, our data uncover a new role for TNKS1 as a key modulator of RBP-mediated post-transcriptional events required for vital processes such as myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Mubaid
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Brenda Janice Sanchez
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rinad A Algehani
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Viktoriia Skopenkova
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pauline Adjibade
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Derek T Hall
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sandrine Busque
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Xian Jin Lian
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Kholoud Ashour
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie K Tremblay
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Graeme Carlile
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Andrea Diaz-Gaxiola
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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2
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Lachiondo-Ortega S, Rejano-Gordillo CM, Simon J, Lopitz-Otsoa F, C Delgado T, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Zapata-Pavas LE, García-Del Río A, Guerra P, Peña-Sanfélix P, Hermán-Sánchez N, Al-Abdulla R, Fernandez-Rodríguez C, Azkargorta M, Velázquez-Cruz A, Guyon J, Martín C, Zalamea JD, Egia-Mendikute L, Sanz-Parra A, Serrano-Maciá M, González-Recio I, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Martínez-Cruz LA, Pontisso P, Aransay AM, Barrio R, Sutherland JD, Abrescia NGA, Elortza F, Lujambio A, Banales JM, Luque RM, Gahete MD, Palazón A, Avila MA, G Marin JJ, De S, Daubon T, Díaz-Quintana A, Díaz-Moreno I, Gorospe M, Rodríguez MS, Martínez-Chantar ML. SUMOylation controls Hu antigen R posttranscriptional activity in liver cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113924. [PMID: 38507413 PMCID: PMC11025316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of proteins critically influences many biological processes and is a key mechanism that regulates the function of the RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR), a hub in liver cancer. Here, we show that HuR is SUMOylated in the tumor sections of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in contrast to the surrounding tissue, as well as in human cell line and mouse models of the disease. SUMOylation of HuR promotes major cancer hallmarks, namely proliferation and invasion, whereas the absence of HuR SUMOylation results in a senescent phenotype with dysfunctional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Mechanistically, SUMOylation induces a structural rearrangement of the RNA recognition motifs that modulates HuR binding affinity to its target RNAs, further modifying the transcriptomic profile toward hepatic tumor progression. Overall, SUMOylation constitutes a mechanism of HuR regulation that could be potentially exploited as a therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Claudia M Rejano-Gordillo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, University Institute of Biosanitary Research of Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; Biofisika Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Simon
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - L Estefanía Zapata-Pavas
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Del Río
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pietro Guerra
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Patricia Peña-Sanfélix
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Natalia Hermán-Sánchez
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology of University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Rodríguez
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Carlos III Networked Proteomics Platform (ProteoRed-ISCIII), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Velázquez-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joris Guyon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - César Martín
- Biofisika Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Diego Zalamea
- Structure and Cell Biology of Viruses Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantza Sanz-Parra
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Monika Gonzalez-Lopez
- Genome Analysis Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Ana M Aransay
- Genome Analysis Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Ubiquitin-likes and Development Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - James D Sutherland
- Ubiquitin-likes and Development Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicola G A Abrescia
- Structure and Cell Biology of Viruses Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Carlos III Networked Proteomics Platform (ProteoRed-ISCIII), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology of University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology of University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Asís Palazón
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Hepatology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Daubon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manuel S Rodríguez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), UPR 8241, CNRS; IPBS-University of Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Alemi F, Poornajaf Y, Hosseini F, Vahedian V, Gharekhani M, Shoorei H, Taheri M. Interaction between lncRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) influences DNA damage response in cancer chemoresistance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:308. [PMID: 38366290 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a crucial cellular signaling pathway activated in response to DNA damage, including damage caused by chemotherapy. Chemoresistance, which refers to the resistance of cancer cells to the effects of chemotherapy, poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Understanding the relationship between DDR and chemoresistance is vital for devising strategies to overcome this resistance and improve treatment outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but play important roles in various biological processes, including cancer development and chemoresistance. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a group of proteins that bind to RNA molecules and regulate their functions. The interaction between lncRNAs and RBPs has been found to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby influencing various cellular processes, including DDR signaling pathways. Multiple studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs can interact with RBPs to modulate the expression of genes involved in cancer chemoresistance by impacting DDR signaling pathways. Conversely, RBPs can regulate the expression and function of lncRNAs involved in DDR. Exploring these interactions can provide valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to overcome chemoresistance in cancer patients. This review article aims to summarize recent research on the interaction between lncRNAs and RBPs during cancer chemotherapy, with a specific focus on DDR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Poornajaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Foroogh Hosseini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Vahid Vahedian
- Department of Medical Clinic, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mahdi Gharekhani
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Rooyesh Infertility Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bhatter N, Dmitriev SE, Ivanov P. Cell death or survival: Insights into the role of mRNA translational control. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:138-154. [PMID: 37357122 PMCID: PMC10695129 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellular stress is an intrinsic part of cell physiology that underlines cell survival or death. The ability of mammalian cells to regulate global protein synthesis (aka translational control) represents a critical, yet underappreciated, layer of regulation during the stress response. Various cellular stress response pathways monitor conditions of cell growth and subsequently reshape the cellular translatome to optimize translational outputs. On the molecular level, such translational reprogramming involves an intricate network of interactions between translation machinery, RNA-binding proteins, mRNAs, and non-protein coding RNAs. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and targets of translational control that contribute to cellular adaptation to stress and to cell survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Bhatter
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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5
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Lee JW, Mun H, Kim JH, Ko S, Kim YK, Shim MJ, Kim K, Ho CW, Park HB, Kim M, Lee C, Choi SH, Kim JW, Jeong JH, Yoon JH, Min KW, Son TG. Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation-Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation (LDIR-CLIP) Identified Irradiation-Sensitive RNAs for RNA-Binding Protein HuR-Mediated Decay. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1533. [PMID: 38132359 PMCID: PMC10740889 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used for therapeutic and research purposes, studies on low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) are limited compared with those on other IR approaches, such as high-dose gamma irradiation and ultraviolet irradiation. High-dose IR affects DNA damage response and nucleotide-protein crosslinking, among other processes; however, the molecular consequences of LDIR have been poorly investigated. Here, we developed a method to profile RNA species crosslinked to an RNA-binding protein, namely, human antigen R (HuR), using LDIR and high-throughput RNA sequencing. The RNA fragments isolated via LDIR-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing were crosslinked to HuR and protected from RNase-mediated digestion. Upon crosslinking HuR to target mRNAs such as PAX6, ZFP91, NR2F6, and CAND2, the transcripts degraded rapidly in human cell lines. Additionally, PAX6 and NR2F6 downregulation mediated the beneficial effects of LDIR on cell viability. Thus, our approach provides a method for investigating post-transcriptional gene regulation using LDIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (M.J.S.); (K.K.); (C.W.H.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Hyejin Mun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.M.); (S.K.); (J.-H.Y.)
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungbeom Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.M.); (S.K.); (J.-H.Y.)
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Shim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (M.J.S.); (K.K.); (C.W.H.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (M.J.S.); (K.K.); (C.W.H.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Chul Woong Ho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (M.J.S.); (K.K.); (C.W.H.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Hyun Bong Park
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (M.J.S.); (K.K.); (C.W.H.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Meesun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (C.L.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (C.L.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (C.L.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.M.); (S.K.); (J.-H.Y.)
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Kyung-Won Min
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (J.W.L.); (M.J.S.); (K.K.); (C.W.H.); (H.B.P.)
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (C.L.); (S.H.C.)
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6
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Goswami B, Nag S, Ray PS. Fates and functions of RNA-binding proteins under stress. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023:e1825. [PMID: 38014833 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress activates a well-orchestrated set of changes in gene expression programs that allow the cell to cope with and adapt to the stress, or undergo programmed cell death. RNA-protein interactions, mediating all aspects of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, play crucial roles in cellular stress responses. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which interact with sequence/structural elements in RNAs to control the steps of RNA metabolism, have therefore emerged as central regulators of post-transcriptional responses to stress. Following exposure to a variety of stresses, the dynamic alterations in the RNA-protein interactome enable cells to respond to intracellular or extracellular perturbations by causing changes in mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, stability, translation, and localization. As RBPs play a central role in determining the cellular proteome both qualitatively and quantitatively, it has become increasingly evident that their abundance, availability, and functions are also highly regulated in response to stress. Exposure to stress initiates a series of signaling cascades that converge on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of RBPs, resulting in changes in their subcellular localization, association with stress granules, extracellular export, proteasomal degradation, and RNA-binding activities. These alterations in the fate and function of RBPs directly impact their post-transcriptional regulatory roles in cells under stress. Adopting the ubiquitous RBP HuR as a prototype, three scenarios illustrating the changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic localization, RNA-binding activity, export and degradation of HuR in response to inflammation, genotoxic stress, and heat shock depict the complex and interlinked regulatory mechanisms that control the fate and functions of RBPs under stress. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sharanya Nag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Partho Sarothi Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
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Kunder N, de la Peña JB, Lou TF, Chase R, Suresh P, Lawson J, Shukla T, Black B, Campbell ZT. The RNA-Binding Protein HuR Is Integral to the Function of Nociceptors in Mice and Humans. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9129-9141. [PMID: 36270801 PMCID: PMC9761683 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1630-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in RNA processing, stability, and translation. Previously, we examined protein synthesis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons treated with inflammatory mediators using ribosome profiling. We found that the HuR consensus binding element was enriched in transcripts with elevated translation. HuR is expressed in the soma of nociceptors and their axons. Pharmacologic inhibition of HuR with the small molecule CMLD-2 reduced the activity of mouse and human sensory neurons. Peripheral administration of CMLD-2 in the paw or genetic elimination of HuR from sensory neurons diminished behavioral responses associated with NGF- and IL-6-induced allodynia in male and female mice. Genetic disruption of HuR altered the proximity of mRNA decay factors near a key neurotrophic factor (TrkA). Collectively, the data suggest that HuR is required for local control of mRNA stability and reveals a new biological function for a broadly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory factor.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nociceptors undergo long-lived changes in excitability, which may contribute to chronic pain. Noxious cues that promote pain lead to rapid induction of protein synthesis. The underlying mechanisms that confer specificity to mRNA control in nociceptors are unclear. Here, we identify a conserved RNA-binding protein called HuR as a key regulatory factor in sensory neurons. Using a combination of genetics and pharmacology, we demonstrate that HuR is required for signaling in nociceptors. In doing so, we report an important mechanism of mRNA control in sensory neurons that ensures appropriate nociceptive responses to inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Kunder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Tzu-Fang Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Prarthana Suresh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Jennifer Lawson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Tarjani Shukla
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Bryan Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
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8
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Majumder M, Chakraborty P, Mohan S, Mehrotra S, Palanisamy V. HuR as a molecular target for cancer therapeutics and immune-related disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114442. [PMID: 35817212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The control of eukaryotic gene expression occurs at multiple levels, from transcription to messenger RNA processing, transport, localization, turnover, and translation. RNA-binding proteins control gene expression and are involved in different stages of mRNA processing, including splicing, maturation, turnover, and translation. A ubiquitously expressed RBP Human antigen R is engaged in the RNA processes mentioned above but, most importantly, controls mRNA stability and turnover. Dysregulation of HuR is linked to many diseases, including cancer and other immune-related disorders. HuR targets mRNAs containing AU-rich elements at their 3'untranslated region, which encodes proteins involved in cell growth, proliferation, tumor formation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis. HuR overexpression has been reported in many tumor types, which led to a poor prognosis for patients. Hence, HuR is considered an appealing drug target for cancer treatment. Therefore, multiple attempts have been made to identify small molecule inhibitors for blocking HuR functions. This article reviews the current prospects of drugs that target HuR in numerous cancer types, their mode of action, and off-target effects. Furthermore, we will summarize drugs that interfered with HuR-RNA interactions and established themselves as novel therapeutics. We will also highlight the significance of HuR overexpression in multiple cancers and discuss its role in immune functions. This review provides evidence of a new era of HuR-targeted small molecules that can be used for cancer therapeutics either as a monotherapy or in combination with other cancer treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoyee Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sarumathi Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Hu Antigen R (HuR) Protein Structure, Function and Regulation in Hepatobiliary Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112666. [PMID: 35681645 PMCID: PMC9179498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatobiliary tumors are a group of primary malignancies encompassing the liver, the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tracts, and the gall bladder. Within the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary cancer, which is, also, representing the third-most recurrent cause of cancer-associated death and the sixth-most prevalent type of tumor worldwide, nowadays. Although less frequent, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is, currently, a fatal cancer with limited therapeutic options. Here, we review the regulatory role of Hu antigen R (HuR), a ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of HCC and CCA. Overall, HuR is proposed as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a therapeutic target in hepatobiliary cancers. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches that can selectively modulate HuR function appear to be highly attractive for the clinical management of these types of tumors. Abstract Hu antigen R (HuR) is a 36-kDa ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which plays an important role as a post-transcriptional regulator of specific RNAs under physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Herein, we review HuR protein structure, function, and its regulation, as well as its implications in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of hepatobiliary cancers. In particular, we focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), tumors where the increased cytoplasmic localization of HuR and activity are proposed, as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers. An overview of the main regulatory axes involving HuR, which are associated with cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy in HCC, is provided. These include the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulators of HuR function, in addition to HuR target transcripts. Finally, whereas studies addressing the relevance of targeting HuR in CCA are limited, in the past few years, HuR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in HCC. In fact, the therapeutic efficacy of some pharmacological inhibitors of HuR has been evaluated, in early experimental models of HCC. We, further, discuss the major findings and future perspectives of therapeutic approaches that specifically block HuR interactions, either with post-translational modifiers or cognate transcripts in hepatobiliary cancers.
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Cai H, Zheng D, Yao Y, Yang L, Huang X, Wang L. Roles of Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision-Like RNA Binding Proteins in Cancer and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:847761. [PMID: 35465324 PMCID: PMC9019298 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.847761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like (ELAVL) proteins are RNA binding proteins that were originally discovered as indispensable regulators of the development and functioning of the nervous system. Subsequent studies have shown that ELAVL proteins not only exist in the nervous system, but also have regulatory effects in other tissues. ELAVL proteins have attracted attention as potential therapeutic targets because they stabilize multiple mRNAs by binding within the 3′-untranslated region and thus promote the development of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma and lung cancer. Previous studies have focused on these important relationships with downstream mRNAs, but emerging studies suggest that ELAVL proteins also interact with non-coding RNAs. In this review, we will summarize the relationship of the ELAVL protein family with mRNA and non-coding RNA and the roles of ELAVL protein family members in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lehe Yang
- *Correspondence: Lehe Yang, ; Xiaoying Huang, ; Liangxing Wang,
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- *Correspondence: Lehe Yang, ; Xiaoying Huang, ; Liangxing Wang,
| | - Liangxing Wang
- *Correspondence: Lehe Yang, ; Xiaoying Huang, ; Liangxing Wang,
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AU-Rich Element RNA Binding Proteins: At the Crossroads of Post-Transcriptional Regulation and Genome Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010096. [PMID: 35008519 PMCID: PMC8744917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity must be tightly preserved to ensure cellular survival and to deter the genesis of disease. Endogenous and exogenous stressors that impose threats to genomic stability through DNA damage are counteracted by a tightly regulated DNA damage response (DDR). RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as regulators and mediators of diverse biological processes. Specifically, RBPs that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) have emerged as key players in regulating the DDR and preserving genome integrity. Here we review eight established AU-RBPs (AUF1, HuR, KHSRP, TIA-1, TIAR, ZFP36, ZFP36L1, ZFP36L2) and their ability to maintain genome integrity through various interactions. We have reviewed canonical roles of AU-RBPs in regulating the fate of mRNA transcripts encoding DDR genes at multiple post-transcriptional levels. We have also attempted to shed light on non-canonical roles of AU-RBPs exploring their post-translational modifications (PTMs) and sub-cellular localization in response to genotoxic stresses by various factors involved in DDR and genome maintenance. Dysfunctional AU-RBPs have been increasingly found to be associated with many human cancers. Further understanding of the roles of AU-RBPS in maintaining genomic integrity may uncover novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Ruta V, Pagliarini V, Sette C. Coordination of RNA Processing Regulation by Signal Transduction Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101475. [PMID: 34680108 PMCID: PMC8533259 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways transmit the information received from external and internal cues and generate a response that allows the cell to adapt to changes in the surrounding environment. Signaling pathways trigger rapid responses by changing the activity or localization of existing molecules, as well as long-term responses that require the activation of gene expression programs. All steps involved in the regulation of gene expression, from transcription to processing and utilization of new transcripts, are modulated by multiple signal transduction pathways. This review provides a broad overview of the post-translational regulation of factors involved in RNA processing events by signal transduction pathways, with particular focus on the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation. The effects of several post-translational modifications (i.e., sumoylation, ubiquitination, methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation) on the expression, subcellular localization, stability and affinity for RNA and protein partners of many RNA-binding proteins are highlighted. Moreover, examples of how some of the most common signal transduction pathways can modulate biological processes through changes in RNA processing regulation are illustrated. Lastly, we discuss challenges and opportunities of therapeutic approaches that correct RNA processing defects and target signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ruta
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (V.P.)
- Organoids Facility, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Pagliarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (V.P.)
- Organoids Facility, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.R.); (V.P.)
- Laboratory of Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Divulging the Critical Role of HuR in Pancreatic Cancer as a Therapeutic Target and a Means to Overcome Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184634. [PMID: 34572861 PMCID: PMC8471481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With pancreatic cancer incidence constantly rising, constituting one of the most lethal type of cancers worldwide, the need for discovering novel therapeutic targets and approaches becomes of the utmost importance. Meanwhile, modern eating habits, hyperadiposity, mutational burden affecting core signaling pathways and the unique tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer tissues intermingle and form a disease that is lethal and hard to treat. The importance of HuR in pancreatic cancer has repeatedly been observed and represents a key molecule in pancreatic carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, creating and obtaining new therapeutic skills against HuR protein could prove to be the answer to pancreatic cancer therapy. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is set to become the most lethal and common type of cancer worldwide. This is partly attributed to the mutational burden that affects core signaling pathways and the crosstalk of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment, but it is also due to modern eating habits. Hyperadiposity along with the constant rise in metabolic syndrome’s incidence contribute to a state of metaflammation that impacts immune cells and causes them to shift towards an immunosuppressive phenotype that, ultimately, allows tumor cells to evade immune control. Unfortunately, among the conventional therapeutic modalities and the novel therapeutic agents introduced, pancreatic cancer still holds one of the lowest response rates to therapy. Human antigen R (HuR), an RNA binding protein (RBP), has been repeatedly found to be implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis and chemotherapy resistance through the posttranscriptional binding and regulation of mRNA target genes. Additionally, its overexpression has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes, in terms of tumor grade, stage, lymph node status and metastasis. These properties suggest the prospective role that HuR’s therapeutic targeting can play in facilitating pancreatic neoplasia and could provide the means to overcome chemoresistance.
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14
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Krismer K, Bird MA, Varmeh S, Handly ED, Gattinger A, Bernwinkler T, Anderson DA, Heinzel A, Joughin BA, Kong YW, Cannell IG, Yaffe MB. Transite: A Computational Motif-Based Analysis Platform That Identifies RNA-Binding Proteins Modulating Changes in Gene Expression. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108064. [PMID: 32846122 PMCID: PMC8204639 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play critical roles in regulating gene expression by modulating splicing, RNA stability, and protein translation. Stimulus-induced alterations in RBP function contribute to global changes in gene expression, but identifying which RBPs are responsible for the observed changes remains an unmet need. Here, we present Transite, a computational approach that systematically infers RBPs influencing gene expression through changes in RNA stability and degradation. As a proof of principle, we apply Transite to RNA expression data from human patients with non-small-cell lung cancer whose tumors were sampled at diagnosis or after recurrence following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy. Transite implicates known RBP regulators of the DNA damage response and identifies hnRNPC as a new modulator of chemotherapeutic resistance, which we subsequently validated experimentally. Transite serves as a framework for the identification of RBPs that drive cell-state transitions and adds additional value to the vast collection of publicly available gene expression datasets. Krismer et al. present a computational approach to identify RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that modulate post-transcriptional control of gene expression using RNA expression data as inputs. By applying this approach to publicly available patient datasets, they identify and experimentally confirm that the RBP hnRNPC contributes to chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Krismer
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Molly A Bird
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shohreh Varmeh
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erika D Handly
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna Gattinger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Thomas Bernwinkler
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Daniel A Anderson
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Department for Medical and Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Ian G Cannell
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, and Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Velázquez-Cruz A, Baños-Jaime B, Díaz-Quintana A, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Moreno I. Post-translational Control of RNA-Binding Proteins and Disease-Related Dysregulation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:658852. [PMID: 33987205 PMCID: PMC8111222 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.658852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling mechanisms modulate gene expression in response to internal and external stimuli. Cellular adaptation requires a precise and coordinated regulation of the transcription and translation processes. The post-transcriptional control of mRNA metabolism is mediated by the so-called RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which assemble with specific transcripts forming messenger ribonucleoprotein particles of highly dynamic composition. RBPs constitute a class of trans-acting regulatory proteins with affinity for certain consensus elements present in mRNA molecules. However, these regulators are subjected to post-translational modifications (PTMs) that constantly adjust their activity to maintain cell homeostasis. PTMs can dramatically change the subcellular localization, the binding affinity for RNA and protein partners, and the turnover rate of RBPs. Moreover, the ability of many RBPs to undergo phase transition and/or their recruitment to previously formed membrane-less organelles, such as stress granules, is also regulated by specific PTMs. Interestingly, the dysregulation of PTMs in RBPs has been associated with the pathophysiology of many different diseases. Abnormal PTM patterns can lead to the distortion of the physiological role of RBPs due to mislocalization, loss or gain of function, and/or accelerated or disrupted degradation. This Mini Review offers a broad overview of the post-translational regulation of selected RBPs and the involvement of their dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Velázquez-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Blanca Baños-Jaime
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
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16
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Rossi G, Placidi M, Castellini C, Rea F, D'Andrea S, Alonso GL, Gravina GL, Tatone C, Di Emidio G, D’Alessandro AM. Crocetin Mitigates Irradiation Injury in an In Vitro Model of the Pubertal Testis: Focus on Biological Effects and Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061676. [PMID: 33802807 PMCID: PMC8002482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a potential side effect of radiotherapy and significantly affects the quality of life for adolescent cancer survivors. Very few studies have addressed in pubertal models the mechanistic events that could be targeted to provide protection from gonadotoxicity and data on potential radioprotective treatments in this peculiar period of life are elusive. In this study, we utilized an in vitro model of the mouse pubertal testis to investigate the efficacy of crocetin to counteract ionizing radiation (IR)-induced injury and potential underlying mechanisms. Present experiments provide evidence that exposure of testis fragments from pubertal mice to 2 Gy X-rays induced extensive structural and cellular damage associated with overexpression of PARP1, PCNA, SOD2 and HuR and decreased levels of SIRT1 and catalase. A twenty-four hr exposure to 50 μM crocetin pre- and post-IR significantly reduced testis injury and modulated the response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, crocetin treatment did not counteract the radiation-induced changes in the expression of SIRT1, p62 and LC3II. These results increase the knowledge of mechanisms underlying radiation damage in pubertal testis and establish the use of crocetin as a fertoprotective agent against IR deleterious effects in pubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rossi
- Lab of Reproductive Technologies, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.R.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Martina Placidi
- Lab of Reproductive Technologies, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.R.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiara Castellini
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Francesco Rea
- Lab of Reproductive Technologies, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.R.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Settimio D'Andrea
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Gonzalo Luis Alonso
- Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Carla Tatone
- Lab of Reproductive Technologies, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.R.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Giovanna Di Emidio
- Lab of Reproductive Technologies, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.R.); (M.P.); (F.R.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Lab of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
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17
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Heat stress induced arginylation of HuR promotes alternative polyadenylation of Hsp70.3 by regulating HuR stability and RNA binding. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:730-747. [PMID: 32929216 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginylation was previously found to promote stabilization of heat shock protein 70.3 (Hsp70.3) mRNA and cell survival in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) on exposure to heat stress (HS). In search of a factor responsible for these phenomena, the current study identified human antigen R (HuR) as a direct target of arginylation. HS induced arginylation of HuR affected its stability and RNA binding activity. Arginylated HuR failed to bind Hsp70.3 3' UTR, allowing the recruitment of cleavage stimulating factor 64 (CstF64) in the proximal poly-A-site (PAS), generating transcripts with short 3'UTR. However, HuR from Ate1 knock out (KO) MEFs bound to proximal PAS region with higher affinity, thus excluded CstF64 recruitment. This inhibited the alternative polyadenylation (APA) of Hsp70.3 mRNA and generated the unstable transcripts with long 3'UTR. The inhibition of RNA binding activity of HuR was traced to arginylation-coupled phosphorylation of HuR, by check point kinase 2 (Chk2). Arginylation of HuR occurred at the residue D15 and the arginylation was needed for the phosphorylation. Accumulation of HuR also decreased cell viability upon HS. In conclusion, arginylation dependent modifications of HuR maintained its cellular homeostasis, and promoted APA of Hsp70.3 pre-mRNA, during early HS response.
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18
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Ionizing Radiation and Translation Control: A Link to Radiation Hormesis? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186650. [PMID: 32932812 PMCID: PMC7555331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis, or mRNA translation, is one of the most energy-consuming functions in cells. Translation of mRNA into proteins is thus highly regulated by and integrated with upstream and downstream signaling pathways, dependent on various transacting proteins and cis-acting elements within the substrate mRNAs. Under conditions of stress, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, regulatory mechanisms reprogram protein synthesis to translate mRNAs encoding proteins that ensure proper cellular responses. Interestingly, beneficial responses to low-dose radiation exposure, known as radiation hormesis, have been described in several models, but the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon are largely unknown. In this review, we explore how differences in cellular responses to high- vs. low-dose ionizing radiation are realized through the modulation of molecular pathways with a particular emphasis on the regulation of mRNA translation control.
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19
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Murphy MR, Kleiman FE. Connections between 3' end processing and DNA damage response: Ten years later. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2020; 11:e1571. [PMID: 31657151 PMCID: PMC7295566 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ten years ago we reviewed how the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is controlled by changes in the functional and structural properties of nuclear proteins, resulting in a timely coordinated control of gene expression that allows DNA repair. Expression of genes that play a role in DDR is regulated not only at transcriptional level during mRNA biosynthesis but also by changing steady-state levels due to turnover of the transcripts. The 3' end processing machinery, which is important in the regulation of mRNA stability, is involved in these gene-specific responses to DNA damage. Here, we review the latest mechanistic connections described between 3' end processing and DDR, with a special emphasis on alternative polyadenylation, microRNA and RNA binding proteins-mediated deadenylation, and discuss the implications of deregulation of these steps in DDR and human disease. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA-Based Catalysis > Miscellaneous RNA-Catalyzed Reactions RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Robert Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Frida Esther Kleiman
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and Biochemistry Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
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20
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Inhibition of Caspase-2 Translation by the mRNA Binding Protein HuR: A Novel Path of Therapy Resistance in Colon Carcinoma Cells? Cells 2019; 8:cells8080797. [PMID: 31366165 PMCID: PMC6721497 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased expression and cytoplasmic abundance of the ubiquitous RNA binding protein human antigen R (HuR) is critically implicated in the dysregulated control of post- transcriptional gene expression during colorectal cancer development and is frequently associated with a high grade of malignancy and therapy resistance. Regardless of the fact that HuR elicits a broad cell survival program by increasing the stability of mRNAs coding for prominent anti-apoptotic factors, recent data suggest that HuR is critically involved in the regulation of translation, particularly, in the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) controlled translation of cell death regulatory proteins. Accordingly, data from human colon carcinoma cells revealed that HuR maintains constitutively reduced protein and activity levels of caspase-2 through negative interference with IRES-mediated translation. This review covers recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms underlying HuR's modulatory activity on IRES-triggered translation. With respect to the unique regulatory features of caspase-2 and its multiple roles (e.g., in DNA-damage-induced apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and maintenance of genomic stability), the pathophysiological consequences of negative caspase-2 regulation by HuR and its impact on therapy resistance of colorectal cancers will be discussed in detail. The negative HuR-caspase-2 axis may offer a novel target for tumor sensitizing therapies.
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21
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α4 Coordinates Small Intestinal Epithelium Homeostasis by Regulating Stability of HuR. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00631-17. [PMID: 29555726 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00631-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal epithelium is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis depends on a dynamic balance among proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-associated protein α4 controls the activity and specificity of serine/threonine phosphatases and is thus implicated in many cellular processes. Here, using a genetic approach, we investigated the mechanisms whereby α4 controls the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. In mice with ablated α4, the small intestinal mucosa exhibited crypt hyperplasia, villus shrinkage, defective differentiation of Paneth cells, and reduced IEC migration along the crypt-villus axis. The α4-deficient intestinal epithelium also displayed decreased expression of different intercellular junction proteins and abnormal epithelial permeability. In addition, α4 deficiency decreased the levels of the RNA-binding protein HuR in the mucosal tissue. In cultured IECs, ectopic overexpression of HuR in α4-deficient cells rescued the production of these intercellular junction proteins and restored the epithelial barrier function to a nearly normal level. Mechanistically, α4 silencing destabilized HuR through a process involving HuR phosphorylation by IκB kinase α, leading to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of HuR. These findings indicate that the critical impact of α4 upon the barrier function and homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends largely on its ability to regulate the stability of HuR.
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22
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Brody JR, Dixon DA. Complex HuR function in pancreatic cancer cells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 9:e1469. [PMID: 29452455 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with dismal patient outcomes. The underlying core genetic drivers of disease have been identified in human tumor specimens and described in genetically engineered mouse models. These genetic drivers of PDAC include KRAS signaling, TP53 mutations, and genetic loss of the SMAD4 tumor suppressor protein. Beyond the known mutational landscape of PDAC genomes, alternative disrupted targets that extend beyond conventional genetic mutations have been elusive and understudied in the context of PDAC cell therapeutic resistance and survival. This last point is important because PDAC tumors have a unique and complex tumor microenvironment that includes hypoxic and nutrient-deprived niches that could select for cell populations that garner therapeutic resistance, explaining tumor heterogeneity in regards to response to different therapies. We and others have embarked in a line of investigation focused on the key molecular mechanism of posttranscriptional gene regulation that is altered in PDAC cells and supports this pro-survival phenotype intrinsic to PDAC cells. Specifically, the key regulator of this mechanism is a RNA-binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), first described in cancer nearly two decades ago. Herein, we will provide a brief overview of the work demonstrating the importance of this RNA-binding protein in PDAC biology and then provide insight into ongoing work developing therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting this molecule in PDAC cells. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brody
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Cancer Biology and University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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23
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Tatarian T, Jiang W, Leiby BE, Grigoli A, Jimbo M, Dabbish N, Neoptolemos JP, Greenhalf W, Costello E, Ghaneh P, Halloran C, Palmer D, Buchler M, Yeo CJ, Winter JM, Brody JR. Cytoplasmic HuR Status Predicts Disease-free Survival in Resected Pancreatic Cancer: A Post-hoc Analysis From the International Phase III ESPAC-3 Clinical Trial. Ann Surg 2018; 267:364-369. [PMID: 27893535 PMCID: PMC6815674 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested cytoplasmic HuR (cHuR) as a predictive marker for response to chemotherapy by examining tumor samples from the international European Study Group of Pancreatic Cancer-3 trial, in which patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) received either gemcitabine (GEM) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) adjuvant monotherapy. BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated the mRNA-binding protein, HuR (ELAVL1), as a predictive marker for PDA treatment response in the adjuvant setting. These studies were, however, based on small cohorts of patients outside of a clinical trial, or a clinical trial in which patients received multimodality therapy with concomitant radiation. METHODS Tissue samples from 379 patients with PDA enrolled in the European Study Group of Pancreatic Cancer-3 trial were immunolabeled with an anti-HuR antibody and scored for cHuR expression. Patients were dichotomized into groups of high versus low cHuR expression. RESULTS There was no association between cHuR expression and prognosis in the overall cohort [disease-free survival (DFS), P = 0.44; overall survival, P = 0.41). Median DFS for patients with high cHuR was significantly greater for patients treated with 5-FU compared to GEM [20.1 months, confidence interval (CI): 8.3-36.4 vs 10.9 months, CI: 7.5-14.2; P = 0.04]. Median DFS was similar between the treatment arms in patients with low cHuR (5-FU, 12.8 months, CI: 10.6-14.6 vs GEM, 12.9 months, CI: 11.2-15.4). CONCLUSIONS Patients with high cHuR-expressing tumors may benefit from 5-FU-based adjuvant therapy as compared to GEM, whereas those patients with low cHuR appear to have no survival advantage with GEM compared with 5-FU. Further studies are needed to validate HuR as a biomarker in both future monotherapy and multiagent regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar Tatarian
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin E. Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda Grigoli
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Masaya Jimbo
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nooreen Dabbish
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Halloran
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus Buchler
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles J. Yeo
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jordan M. Winter
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan R. Brody
- Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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24
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Hamada J, Shoda K, Masuda K, Fujita Y, Naruto T, Kohmoto T, Miyakami Y, Watanabe M, Kudo Y, Fujiwara H, Ichikawa D, Otsuji E, Imoto I. Tumor-promoting function and prognostic significance of the RNA-binding protein T-cell intracellular antigen-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17111-28. [PMID: 26958940 PMCID: PMC4941375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1) is an RNA-binding protein involved in many regulatory aspects of mRNA metabolism. Here, we report previously unknown tumor-promoting activity of TIA1, which seems to be associated with its isoform-specific molecular distribution and regulation of a set of cancer-related transcripts, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical overexpression of TIA1 ectopically localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells was an independent prognosticator for worse overall survival in a cohort of 143 ESCC patients. Knockdown of TIA1 inhibited proliferation of ESCC cells. By exogenously introducing each of two major isoforms, TIA1a and TIA1b, only TIA1a, which was localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, promoted anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent ESCC cell proliferation. Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation, followed by microarray analysis or massive-parallel sequencing, identified a set of TIA1-binding mRNAs, including SKP2 and CCNA2. TIA1 increased SKP2 and CCNA2 protein levels through the suppression of mRNA decay and translational induction, respectively. Our findings uncover a novel oncogenic function of TIA1 in esophageal tumorigenesis, and implicate its use as a marker for prognostic evaluation and as a therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Hamada
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyakami
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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25
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Harvey RF, Willis AE. Post-transcriptional control of stress responses in cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 48:30-35. [PMID: 29100210 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The processes by which the canonical protein synthesis machinery is modified by environmental stresses to allow healthy cells to respond to external conditions to maintain homeostasis, are frequently hijacked by tumour cells to enhance their survival. Two major stress response pathways that play a major role in this regard are the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the DNA damage response (DDR). Recent data have shown that key proteins which coordinate post-transcriptional control, and which are regulated by signalling through the UPR and DDR, are upregulated in cancers and that targeting these proteins/pathways will provide new therapeutic avenues for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Harvey
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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26
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Harvey R, Dezi V, Pizzinga M, Willis AE. Post-transcriptional control of gene expression following stress: the role of RNA-binding proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1007-14. [PMID: 28710288 PMCID: PMC5655797 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of mammalian cells to modulate global protein synthesis in response to cellular stress is essential for cell survival. While control of protein synthesis is mediated by the regulation of eukaryotic initiation and elongation factors, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) provide a crucial additional layer to post-transcriptional regulation. RBPs bind specific RNA through conserved RNA-binding domains and ensure that the information contained within the genome and transcribed in the form of RNA is exported to the cytoplasm, chemically modified, and translated prior to folding into a functional protein. Thus, this group of proteins, through mediating translational reprogramming, spatial reorganisation, and chemical modification of RNA molecules, have a major influence on the robust cellular response to external stress and toxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Harvey
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | - Veronica Dezi
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | | | - Anne E Willis
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K.
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27
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Wang Y, Mei H, Shao Q, Wang J, Lin Z. Association of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 with cellular radiosensitivity of non-small lung cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:581-589. [PMID: 28276898 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1294273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Wahba A, Lehman SL, Tofilon PJ. Radiation-induced translational control of gene expression. TRANSLATION (AUSTIN, TEX.) 2016; 5:e1265703. [PMID: 28702276 PMCID: PMC5501380 DOI: 10.1080/21690731.2016.1265703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gene expression has long been hypothesized to protect against cell death. Defining this process would provide not only insight into the mechanisms mediating cell survival after radiation exposure, but also a novel source of targets for radiosensitization. However, whereas the radiation-induced gene expression profiles using total cellular mRNA have been generated for cell lines as well as normal tissues, with few exception, the changes in mRNA do not correlate with changes in the corresponding protein. The traditional approach to profiling gene expression, i.e., using total cellular RNA, does not take into account posttranscriptional regulation. In this review, we describe the use of gene expression profiling of polysome-bound RNA to establish that radiation modifies gene expression via translational control. Because changes in polysome-bound mRNA correlate with changes in protein, analysis of the translational profiles provides a unique data set for investigating the mechanisms mediating cellular radioresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wahba
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stacey L. Lehman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip J. Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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Zhang J, Kong L, Guo S, Bu M, Guo Q, Xiong Y, Zhu N, Qiu C, Yan X, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zhuang J, Wang Q, Zhang SS, Shen Y, Chen M. hnRNPs and ELAVL1 cooperate with uORFs to inhibit protein translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:2849-2864. [PMID: 27789685 PMCID: PMC5389705 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of our knowledge about translation regulatory mechanisms comes from studies on lower organisms. However, the translation control system of higher organisms is less understood. Here we find that in 5΄ untranslated region (5΄UTR) of human Annexin II receptor (AXIIR) mRNA, there are two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) acting in a fail-safe manner to inhibit the translation from the main AUG. These uORFs are unfavorable for re-initiation after termination of uORF translation. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1), hnRNPA0 and ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) bind to the 5΄UTR of AXIIR mRNA. They focus the translation of uORFs on uORF1 and attenuate leaky scanning that bypasses uORFs. The cooperation between the two uORFs and the three proteins formed a multiple fail-safe system that tightly inhibits the translation of downstream AXIIR. Such cooperation between multiple molecules and elements reflects that higher organism develops a complex translation regulatory system to achieve accurate and flexible gene expression control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lijuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Sichao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xuejing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Junling Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Samuel S Zhang
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PN 17033, USA
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Grammatikakis I, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Posttranslational control of HuR function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27307117 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein HuR (human antigen R) associates with numerous transcripts, coding and noncoding, and controls their splicing, localization, stability, and translation. Through its regulation of target transcripts, HuR has been implicated in cellular events including proliferation, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, and the stress and immune responses. In turn, HuR influences processes such as cancer and inflammation. HuR function is primarily regulated through posttranslational modifications that alter its subcellular localization and its ability to bind target RNAs; such modifications include phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, NEDDylation, and proteolytic cleavage. In this review, we describe the modifications that impact upon HuR function on gene expression programs and disease states. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1372. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1372 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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31
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Kai M. Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:310. [PMID: 26927092 PMCID: PMC4813173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells experience DNA damage as a result of replication errors and oxidative metabolism, exposure to environmental agents (e.g., ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation (IR)), and radiation therapies and chemotherapies for cancer treatments. Accumulation of DNA damage can lead to multiple diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, immune deficiencies, infertility, and also aging. Cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms to deal with DNA damage. Networks of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are coordinated to detect and repair DNA damage, regulate cell cycle and transcription, and determine the cell fate. Upstream factors of DNA damage checkpoints and repair, “sensor” proteins, detect DNA damage and send the signals to downstream factors in order to maintain genomic integrity. Unexpectedly, we have discovered that an RNA-processing factor is involved in DNA repair processes. We have identified a gene that contributes to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)’s treatment resistance and recurrence. This gene, RBM14, is known to function in transcription and RNA splicing. RBM14 is also required for maintaining the stem-like state of GBM spheres, and it controls the DNA-PK-dependent non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway by interacting with KU80. RBM14 is a RNA-binding protein (RBP) with low complexity domains, called intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), and it also physically interacts with PARP1. Furthermore, RBM14 is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR)-dependent manner (unpublished data). DNA-dependent PARP1 (poly-(ADP) ribose polymerase 1) makes key contributions in the DNA damage response (DDR) network. RBM14 therefore plays an important role in a PARP-dependent DSB repair process. Most recently, it was shown that the other RBPs with intrinsically disordered domains are recruited to DNA damage sites in a PAR-dependent manner, and that these RBPs form liquid compartments (also known as “liquid-demixing”). Among the PAR-associated IDPs are FUS/TLS (fused in sarcoma/translocated in sarcoma), EWS (Ewing sarcoma), TARF15 (TATA box-binding protein-associated factor 68 kDa) (also called FET proteins), a number of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), and RBM14. Importantly, various point mutations within the FET genes have been implicated in pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases, specifically with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD). The FET proteins also frequently exhibit gene translocation in human cancers, and emerging evidence shows their physical interactions with DDR proteins and thus implies their involvement in the maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Kai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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32
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Kim J, Abdelmohsen K, Yang X, De S, Grammatikakis I, Noh JH, Gorospe M. LncRNA OIP5-AS1/cyrano sponges RNA-binding protein HuR. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2378-92. [PMID: 26819413 PMCID: PMC4797289 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the vast majority of mammalian long noncoding (lnc) RNAs remains unknown. Here, analysis of a highly abundant mammalian lncRNA, OIP5-AS1, known as cyrano in zebrafish, revealed that OIP5-AS1 reduces cell proliferation. In human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, the RNA-binding protein HuR, which enhances cell proliferation, associated with OIP5-AS1 and stabilized it. Tagging OIP5-AS1 with MS2 hairpins to identify associated microRNAs revealed that miR-424 interacted with OIP5-AS1 and competed with HuR for binding to OIP5-AS1. We further identified a ‘sponge’ function for OIP5-AS1, as high levels of OIP5-AS1 increased HuR-OIP5-AS1 complexes and prevented HuR interaction with target mRNAs, including those that encoded proliferative proteins, while conversely, lowering OIP5-AS1 increased the abundance of HuR complexes with target mRNAs. We propose that OIP5-AS1 serves as a sponge or a competing endogenous (ce)RNA for HuR, restricting its availability to HuR target mRNAs and thereby repressing HuR-elicited proliferative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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33
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Global translation variations in host cells upon attack of lytic and sublytic Staphylococcus aureus α-haemolysin1. Biochem J 2015; 472:83-95. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin (AHL) is a clinically relevant toxin, whose effects on host translation are poorly understood. We characterized genome-wide alterations induced at transcriptional and transational levels by lytic and sublytic AHL, pinpointing the importance of translational control during host-pathogen interaction.
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34
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Shkreta L, Chabot B. The RNA Splicing Response to DNA Damage. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2935-77. [PMID: 26529031 PMCID: PMC4693264 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of factors known to participate in the DNA damage response (DDR) has expanded considerably in recent years to include splicing and alternative splicing factors. While the binding of splicing proteins and ribonucleoprotein complexes to nascent transcripts prevents genomic instability by deterring the formation of RNA/DNA duplexes, splicing factors are also recruited to, or removed from, sites of DNA damage. The first steps of the DDR promote the post-translational modification of splicing factors to affect their localization and activity, while more downstream DDR events alter their expression. Although descriptions of molecular mechanisms remain limited, an emerging trend is that DNA damage disrupts the coupling of constitutive and alternative splicing with the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair, cell-cycle control and apoptosis. A better understanding of how changes in splice site selection are integrated into the DDR may provide new avenues to combat cancer and delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulzim Shkreta
- Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada.
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada.
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35
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Dai B, Chen AY, Corkum CP, Peroutka RJ, Landon A, Houng S, Muniandy PA, Zhang Y, Lehrmann E, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Steinhardt J, Shlyak M, Chen QC, Becker KG, Livak F, Michalak TI, Talwani R, Gartenhaus RB. Hepatitis C virus upregulates B-cell receptor signaling: a novel mechanism for HCV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Oncogene 2015; 35:2979-90. [PMID: 26434584 PMCID: PMC4821826 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for the development of B cells and has a critical role in B-cell neoplasia. Increasing evidence indicates an association between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and B-cell lymphoma, however, the mechanisms by which HCV causes B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder are still unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the expression of HCV viral proteins in B cells of HCV-infected patients and show that HCV upregulates BCR signaling in human primary B cells. HCV nonstructural protein NS3/4A interacts with CHK2 and downregulates its activity, modulating HuR posttranscriptional regulation of a network of target mRNAs associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Interestingly, the BCR signaling pathway was found to have the largest number of transcripts with increased association with HuR and was upregulated by NS3/4A. Our study reveals a previously unidentified role of NS3/4A in regulation of host BCR signaling during HCV infection, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HCV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dai
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Y Chen
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - C P Corkum
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - R J Peroutka
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Landon
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Houng
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P A Muniandy
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Mazan-Mamczarz
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Steinhardt
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Shlyak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Q C Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F Livak
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T I Michalak
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - R Talwani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R B Gartenhaus
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Wolczyk M, Kusio-Kobialka M, Wolanin K, Skowronek K, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Dasgupta Y, Skorski T, Piwocka K. Downregulation of BRCA1 protein in BCR-ABL1 leukemia cells depends on stress-triggered TIAR-mediated suppression of translation. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3727-41. [PMID: 25483082 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.965013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 tumor suppressor regulates crucial cellular processes involved in DNA damage repair and cell cycle control. We showed that expression of BCR-ABL1 correlates with decreased level of BRCA1 protein, which promoted aberrant mitoses and aneuploidy as well as altered DNA damage response. Using polysome profiling and luciferase-BRCA1 3'UTR reporter system here we demonstrate that downregulation of BRCA1 protein in CML is caused by inhibition of BRCA1 mRNA translation, but not by increased protein degradation or reduction of mRNA level and half-life. We investigated 2 mRNA-binding proteins - HuR and TIAR showing specificity to AU-Rich Element (ARE) sites in 3'UTR of mRNA. BCR-ABL1 promoted cytosolic localization of TIAR and HuR, their binding to BRCA1 mRNA and formation of the TIAR-HuR complex. HuR protein positively regulated BRCA1 mRNA stability and translation, conversely TIAR negatively regulated BRCA1 translation and was found localized predominantly in the cytosolic stress granules in CML cells. TIAR-dependent downregulation of BRCA1 protein level was a result of ER stress, which is activated in BCR-ABL1 expressing cells, as we previously shown. Silencing of TIAR in CML cells strongly elevated BRCA1 level. Altogether, we determined that TIAR-mediated repression of BRCA1 mRNA translation is responsible for downregulation of BRCA1 protein level in BCR-ABL1 -positive leukemia cells. This mechanism may contribute to genomic instability and provide justification for targeting PARP1 and/or RAD52 to induce synthetic lethality in "BRCAness" CML and BCR-ABL1 -positive ALL cells.
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Key Words
- ARE, AU-rich element
- ATM, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase
- ATR, Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase
- BCR-ABL
- BRCA1
- BRCA1, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility
- CML, chronic myeloid leukemia
- DNA damage response
- HuR
- HuR, Hu antigen R (alternative name: ELAV-like protein 1)
- TIAR
- TIAR, TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA-binding protein-like 1
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- UTR, untranslated region
- cell cycle
- eIF, eukaryotic initiation factor
- mRNA binding protein
- stress response
- synthetic lethality
- translation
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37
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Chen YJ, Wu H, Shen XZ. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and its potential application in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 379:245-52. [PMID: 26193663 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a complicated tightly controlled system in charge of degrading 80-90% of proteins, and is central to regulating cellular function and keeping protein homeostasis. Therefore, the components of UPS attract considerable attention as potential targets for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. The clinical success of bortezomib in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma patients has set the precedent for therapeutically targeting this pathway. This review will provide an overview of the UPS in HCC and the current status of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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38
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Growth factor dependent regulation of centrosome function and genomic instability by HuR. Biomolecules 2015; 5:263-81. [PMID: 25803745 PMCID: PMC4384122 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA binding protein HuR is over expressed in cancer cells and contributes to disease progression through post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. The regulation of HuR and how this relates to glioma is the focus of this report. SRC and c-Abl kinases regulate HuR sub-cellular trafficking and influence accumulation in the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) via a growth factor dependent signaling mechanism. Growth factor stimulation of glioma cell lines results in the associate of HuR with the PCM and amplification of centrosome number. This process is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of HuR and is abolished by mutating tyrosine residues. HuR is overexpressed in tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma and associated with a reduced survival. These findings suggest HuR plays a significant role in centrosome amplification and genomic instability, which contributes to a worse disease outcome.
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39
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Gupta R, Liu AY, Glazer PM, Wajapeyee N. LKB1 preserves genome integrity by stimulating BRCA1 expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:259-71. [PMID: 25488815 PMCID: PMC4288185 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11, also known as LKB1) functions as a tumor suppressor in many human cancers. However, paradoxically loss of LKB1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast results in resistance to oncogene-induced transformation. Therefore, it is unclear why loss of LKB1 leads to increased predisposition to develop a wide variety of cancers. Here, we show that LKB1 protects cells from genotoxic stress. Cells lacking LKB1 display increased sensitivity to irradiation, accumulates more DNA double-strand breaks, display defective homology-directed DNA repair (HDR) and exhibit increased mutation rate, compared with that of LKB1-expressing cells. Conversely, the ectopic expression of LKB1 in cells lacking LKB1 protects them against genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage and prevents the accumulation of mutations. We find that LKB1 post-transcriptionally stimulates HDR gene BRCA1 expression by inhibiting the cytoplasmic localization of the RNA-binding protein, HU antigen R, in an AMP kinase-dependent manner and stabilizes BRCA1 mRNA. Cells lacking BRCA1 similar to the cell lacking LKB1 display increased genomic instability and ectopic expression of BRCA1 rescues LKB1 loss-induced sensitivity to genotoxic stress. Collectively, our results demonstrate that LKB1 is a crucial regulator of genome integrity and reveal a novel mechanism for LKB1-mediated tumor suppression with direct therapeutic implications for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alex Y Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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40
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Zannini L, Delia D, Buscemi G. CHK2 kinase in the DNA damage response and beyond. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:442-57. [PMID: 25404613 PMCID: PMC4296918 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mju045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase CHK2 is a key component of the DNA damage response. In human cells, following genotoxic stress, CHK2 is activated and phosphorylates >20 proteins to induce the appropriate cellular response, which, depending on the extent of damage, the cell type, and other factors, could be cell cycle checkpoint activation, induction of apoptosis or senescence, DNA repair, or tolerance of the damage. Recently, CHK2 has also been found to have cellular functions independent of the presence of nuclear DNA lesions. In particular, CHK2 participates in several molecular processes involved in DNA structure modification and cell cycle progression. In this review, we discuss the activity of CHK2 in response to DNA damage and in the maintenance of the biological functions in unstressed cells. These activities are also considered in relation to a possible role of CHK2 in tumorigenesis and, as a consequence, as a target of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zannini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Buscemi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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41
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Xiao S, Caglar E, Maldonado P, Das D, Nadeem Z, Chi A, Trinité B, Li X, Saxena A. Induced expression of nucleolin phosphorylation-deficient mutant confers dominant-negative effect on cell proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109858. [PMID: 25313645 PMCID: PMC4196967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein that has pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation and is elevated in a variety of tumors. NCL is highly phosphorylated at the N-terminus by two major kinases: interphase casein kinase 2 (CK2) and mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Earlier we demonstrated that a NCL-mutant that is partly defective in undergoing phosphorylation by CK2 inhibits chromosomal replication through its interactions with Replication Protein A, mimicking the cellular response to DNA damage. We further delineated that the N-terminus of NCL associates with Hdm2, the most common E3 ubiquitin ligase of p53. We reported that NCL antagonizes Hdm2 to stabilize p53 and stimulates p53 transcriptional activity. Although NCL-phosphorylation by CK2 and ribosomal DNA transcription are closely coordinated during interphase, the role of NCL phosphorylation in regulating cell proliferation remains unexplored. We have therefore engineered unique human cells that specifically induce expression of NCL-wild type (WT) or a phosphorylation-deficient NCL-mutant, 6/S*A where all the six CK2 consensus serine sites residing in the N-terminus NCL were mutated to alanine. Here we show that this NCL-mutant is defective in undergoing phosphorylation by CK2. We also demonstrate that NCL-phosphorylation by CK2 is required through the S-phase progression in cell cycle and hence proliferation. Induced expression of NCL with mutated CK2 phosphorylation sites stabilizes p53, results in higher expression of Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) homology 3 (BH3)-only apoptotic markers and causes a dominant-negative effect on cell viability. Our unique cellular system thus provides the first evidential support to delineate phospho-specific functions of NCL on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xiao
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elif Caglar
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Maldonado
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dibash Das
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zaineb Nadeem
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Angela Chi
- Great Neck South High School, Great Neck, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Giammanco A, Blanc V, Montenegro G, Klos C, Xie Y, Kennedy S, Luo J, Chang SH, Hla T, Nalbantoglu I, Dharmarajan S, Davidson NO. Intestinal epithelial HuR modulates distinct pathways of proliferation and apoptosis and attenuates small intestinal and colonic tumor development. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5322-35. [PMID: 25085247 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HuR is a ubiquitous nucleocytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that exerts pleiotropic effects on cell growth and tumorigenesis. In this study, we explored the impact of conditional, tissue-specific genetic deletion of HuR on intestinal growth and tumorigenesis in mice. Mice lacking intestinal expression of HuR (Hur (IKO) mice) displayed reduced levels of cell proliferation in the small intestine and increased sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced acute intestinal injury, as evidenced by decreased villus height and a compensatory shift in proliferating cells. In the context of Apc(min/+) mice, a transgenic model of intestinal tumorigenesis, intestinal deletion of the HuR gene caused a three-fold decrease in tumor burden characterized by reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and decreased expression of transcripts encoding antiapoptotic HuR target RNAs. Similarly, Hur(IKO) mice subjected to an inflammatory colon carcinogenesis protocol [azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS) administration] exhibited a two-fold decrease in tumor burden. Hur(IKO) mice showed no change in ileal Asbt expression, fecal bile acid excretion, or enterohepatic pool size that might explain the phenotype. Moreover, none of the HuR targets identified in Apc(min/+)Hur(IKO) were altered in AOM-DSS-treated Hur(IKO) mice, the latter of which exhibited increased apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells, where elevation of a unique set of HuR-targeted proapoptotic factors was documented. Taken together, our results promote the concept of epithelial HuR as a contextual modifier of proapoptotic gene expression in intestinal cancers, acting independently of bile acid metabolism to promote cancer. In the small intestine, epithelial HuR promotes expression of prosurvival transcripts that support Wnt-dependent tumorigenesis, whereas in the large intestine epithelial HuR indirectly downregulates certain proapoptotic RNAs to attenuate colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5322-35. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Giammanco
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Valerie Blanc
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Grace Montenegro
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Coen Klos
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jianyang Luo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Sung-Hee Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Hla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Ilke Nalbantoglu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Sekhar Dharmarajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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Xiao L, Wang JY. RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs in gastrointestinal epithelial homeostasis and diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 19:46-53. [PMID: 25063919 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is a rapidly self-renewing tissue in the body, and its homeostasis is preserved through strict regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Epithelial cells originate from a small number of pluripotent stem cells, which divide to either renew themselves or become committed crypt cells. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are recently shown to modulate GI mucosal growth and repair after injury. Here we highlight the roles of RBPs HuR, CUG-binding protein 1, AU-binding factor 1, and several GI epithelial-specific miRNAs in gut mucosal homeostasis and diseases and also further analyze the mechanisms through which RBPs and miRNAs modulate the stability and translation of target mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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44
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Scaffold function of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in protein ubiquitination. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2939. [PMID: 24326307 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mammalian long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are best known for modulating transcription, their post-transcriptional influence on mRNA splicing, stability and translation is emerging. Here we report a post-translational function for the lncRNA HOTAIR as an inducer of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. HOTAIR associates with E3 ubiquitin ligases bearing RNA-binding domains, Dzip3 and Mex3b, as well as with their respective ubiquitination substrates, Ataxin-1 and Snurportin-1. In this manner, HOTAIR facilitates the ubiquitination of Ataxin-1 by Dzip3 and Snurportin-1 by Mex3b in cells and in vitro, and accelerates their degradation. HOTAIR levels are highly upregulated in senescent cells, causing rapid decay of targets Ataxin-1 and Snurportin-1, and preventing premature senescence. These results uncover a role for a lncRNA, HOTAIR, as a platform for protein ubiquitination.
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Cammas A, Sanchez BJ, Lian XJ, Dormoy-Raclet V, van der Giessen K, López de Silanes I, Ma J, Wilusz C, Richardson J, Gorospe M, Millevoi S, Giovarelli M, Gherzi R, Di Marco S, Gallouzi IE. Destabilization of nucleophosmin mRNA by the HuR/KSRP complex is required for muscle fibre formation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4190. [PMID: 24969639 PMCID: PMC4074165 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HuR promotes myogenesis by stabilizing the MyoD, myogenin and p21 mRNAs during the fusion of muscle cells to form myotubes. Here we show that HuR, via a novel mRNA destabilizing activity, promotes the early steps of myogenesis by reducing the expression of the cell cycle promoter nucleophosmin (NPM). Depletion of HuR stabilizes the NPM mRNA, increases NPM protein levels and inhibits myogenesis, while its overexpression elicits the opposite effects. NPM mRNA destabilization involves the association of HuR with the decay factor KSRP as well as the ribonuclease PARN and the exosome. The C terminus of HuR mediates the formation of the HuR-KSRP complex and is sufficient for maintaining a low level of the NPM mRNA as well as promoting the commitment of muscle cells to myogenesis. We therefore propose a model whereby the downregulation of the NPM mRNA, mediated by HuR, KSRP and its associated ribonucleases, is required for proper myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cammas
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6 [2] INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Brenda Janice Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Xian Jin Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Virginie Dormoy-Raclet
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Kate van der Giessen
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Isabel López de Silanes
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Carol Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682, USA
| | - John Richardson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Room 06C226, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, USA
| | - Stefania Millevoi
- INSERM, UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, c/o CBA Building A3, Room 30, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Gherzi
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, c/o CBA Building A3, Room 30, Largo R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, McIntyre Building Room 915B, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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Abstract
Unlike other Rho GTPases, RhoB is rapidly induced by DNA damage, and its expression level decreases during cancer progression. Because inefficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to cancer, we investigated whether camptothecin, an anticancer drug that produces DSBs, induces RhoB expression and examined its role in the camptothecin-induced DNA damage response. We show that in camptothecin-treated cells, DSBs induce RhoB expression by a mechanism that depends notably on Chk2 and its substrate HuR, which binds to RhoB mRNA and protects it against degradation. RhoB-deficient cells fail to dephosphorylate γH2AX following camptothecin removal and show reduced efficiency of DSB repair by homologous recombination. These cells also show decreased activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a phosphatase for γH2AX and other DNA damage and repair proteins. Thus, we propose that DSBs activate a Chk2-HuR-RhoB pathway that promotes PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of γH2AX and DSB repair. Finally, we show that RhoB-deficient cells accumulate endogenous γH2AX and chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting that RhoB loss increases DSB-mediated genomic instability and tumor progression.
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Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of cytokine gene expression in HIV-1 antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that mediate virus inhibition. J Virol 2014; 88:9514-28. [PMID: 24899193 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00802-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability of CD8+ T cells to effectively limit HIV-1 replication and block HIV-1 acquisition is determined by the capacity to rapidly respond to HIV-1 antigens. Understanding both the functional properties and regulation of an effective CD8+ response would enable better evaluation of T cell-directed vaccine strategies and may inform the design of new therapies. We assessed the antigen specificity, cytokine signature, and mechanisms that regulate antiviral gene expression in CD8+ T cells from a cohort of HIV-1-infected virus controllers (VCs) (<5,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml and CD4+ lymphocyte counts of >400 cells/μl) capable of soluble inhibition of HIV-1. Gag p24 and Nef CD8+ T cell-specific soluble virus inhibition was common among the VCs and correlated with substantial increases in the abundance of mRNAs encoding the antiviral cytokines macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP-1α, MIP-1αP (CCL3L1), and MIP-1β; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); lymphotactin (XCL1); tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9); and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). The induction of several of these mRNAs was driven through a coordinated response of both increased transcription and stabilization of mRNA, which together accounted for the observed increase in mRNA abundance. This coordinated response allows rapid and robust induction of mRNA messages that can enhance the CD8+ T cells' ability to inhibit virus upon antigen encounter. IMPORTANCE We show that mRNA stability, in addition to transcription, is key in regulating the direct anti-HIV-1 function of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells. Regulation at the level of RNA helps enable rapid recall of memory CD8+ T cell effector functions for HIV-1 inhibition. By uncovering and understanding the mechanisms employed by CD8+ T cell subsets with antigen-specific anti-HIV-1 activity, we can identify new strategies for comprehensive identification of other important antiviral genes. This will, in turn, enhance our ability to inhibit virus replication by informing both cure strategies and HIV-1 vaccine designs that aim to reduce transmission and can aid in blocking HIV-1 acquisition.
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HuR regulates alternative splicing of the TRA2β gene in human colon cancer cells under oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2857-73. [PMID: 24865968 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00333-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hu antigen R (HuR) regulates stress responses through stabilizing and/or facilitating the translation of target mRNAs. The human TRA2β gene encodes splicing factor transformer 2β (Tra2β) and generates 5 mRNA isoforms (TRA2β1 to -5) through alternative splicing. Exposure of HCT116 colon cancer cells to sodium arsenite stimulated checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38(MAPK))-mediated phosphorylation of HuR at positions S88 and T118. This induced an association between HuR and the 39-nucleotide (nt) proximal region of TRA2β exon 2, generating a TRA2β4 mRNA that includes exon 2, which has multiple premature stop codons. HuR knockdown or Chk2/p38(MAPK) double knockdown inhibited the arsenite-stimulated production of TRA2β4 and increased Tra2β protein, facilitating Tra2β-dependent inclusion of exons in target pre-mRNAs. The effects of HuR knockdown or Chk2/p38(MAPK) double knockdown were also confirmed using a TRA2β minigene spanning exons 1 to 4, and the effects disappeared when the 39-nt region was deleted from the minigene. In endogenous HuR knockdown cells, the overexpression of a HuR mutant that could not be phosphorylated (with changes of serine to alanine at position 88 [S88A], S100A, and T118A) blocked the associated TRA2β4 interaction and TRA2β4 generation, while the overexpression of a phosphomimetic HuR (with mutations S88D, S100D, and T118D) restored the TRA2β4-related activities. Our findings revealed the potential role of nuclear HuR in the regulation of alternative splicing programs under oxidative stress.
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McAllister F, Pineda DM, Jimbo M, Lal S, Burkhart RA, Moughan J, Winter KA, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M, Acosta ADJ, Lankapalli RH, Winter JM, Yeo CJ, Witkiewicz AK, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Laheru D, Brody JR. dCK expression correlates with 5-fluorouracil efficacy and HuR cytoplasmic expression in pancreatic cancer: a dual-institutional follow-up with the RTOG 9704 trial. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:688-98. [PMID: 24618665 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and human antigen R (HuR) have been associated with response to gemcitabine in small studies. The present study investigates the prognostic and predictive value of dCK and HuR expression levels for sensitivity to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a large phase III adjuvant trial with chemoradiation backbone in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). The dCK and HuR expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of 165 resected PDAs from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9704 trial. Association with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) status were analyzed using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Experiments with cultured PDA cells were performed to explore mechanisms linking dCK and HuR expression to drug sensitivity. dCK expression levels were associated with improved OS for all patients analyzed from RTOG 9704 (HR: 0.66, 95% CI [0.47-0.93], P = 0.015). In a subset analysis based on treatment arm, the effect was restricted to patients receiving 5-FU (HR: 0.53, 95% CI [0.33-0.85], P = 0.0078). Studies in cultured cells confirmed that dCK expression rendered cells more sensitive to 5-FU. HuR cytoplasmic expression was neither prognostic nor predictive of treatment response. Previous studies along with drug sensitivity and biochemical studies demonstrate that radiation interferes with HuR's regulatory effects on dCK, and could account for the negative findings herein based on the clinical study design (i.e., inclusion of radiation). Finally, we demonstrate that 5-FU can increase HuR function by enhancing HuR translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, similar to the effect of gemcitabine in PDA cells. For the first time, in the pre-treatment tumor samples, dCK and HuR cytoplasmic expression were strongly correlated (chi-square P = 0.015). This dual-institutional follow up study, in a multi-institutional PDA randomized clinical trial, observed that dCK expression levels were prognostic and had predictive value for sensitivity to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia McAllister
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pathology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Medicine; Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Danielle M Pineda
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Research; The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Masaya Jimbo
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Research; The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Shruti Lal
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Research; The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Richard A Burkhart
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Research; The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics; National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics; National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ana de Jesus Acosta
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pathology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rachana H Lankapalli
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pathology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Research; The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Charles J Yeo
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Research; The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Agnieska K Witkiewicz
- Department of Pathology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | | | - Daniel Laheru
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pathology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Research; The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center; Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
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50
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Dutertre M, Lambert S, Carreira A, Amor-Guéret M, Vagner S. DNA damage: RNA-binding proteins protect from near and far. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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