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Wang S, Xiong Y, Luo Y, Shen Y, Zhang F, Lan H, Pang Y, Wang X, Li X, Zheng X, Lu X, Liu X, Cheng Y, Wu T, Dong Y, Lu Y, Cui J, Jia X, Yang S, Wang L, Wang Y. Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify PKMYT1 as a therapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1115-1142. [PMID: 38570712 PMCID: PMC11099189 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an overall 5-year survival rate of <12% due to the lack of effective treatments. Novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Here, PKMYT1 is identified through genome-wide CRISPR screens as a non-mutant, genetic vulnerability of PDAC. Higher PKMYT1 expression levels indicate poor prognosis in PDAC patients. PKMYT1 ablation inhibits tumor growth and proliferation in vitro and in vivo by regulating cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PKMYT1 shows efficacy in multiple PDAC cell models and effectively induces tumor regression without overt toxicity in PDAC cell line-derived xenograft and in more clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft models. Mechanistically, in addition to its canonical function of phosphorylating CDK1, PKMYT1 functions as an oncogene to promote PDAC tumorigenesis by regulating PLK1 expression and phosphorylation. Finally, TP53 function and PRKDC activation are shown to modulate the sensitivity to PKMYT1 inhibition. These results define PKMYT1 dependency in PDAC and identify potential therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjie Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanying Shen
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoqi Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhi Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanwen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang K, Zou Y, Shan M, Pan Z, Ju J, Liu J, Ji Y, Sun S. Arf1 GTPase Regulates Golgi-Dependent G2/M Transition and Spindle Organization in Oocyte Meiosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303009. [PMID: 38014604 PMCID: PMC10811507 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) is a small GTPase belonging to the Arf family. As a molecular switch, Arf1 is found to regulate retrograde and intra-Golgi transport, plasma membrane signaling, and organelle function during mitosis. This study aimed to explore the noncanonical roles of Arf1 in cell cycle regulation and cytoskeleton dynamics in meiosis with a mouse oocyte model. Arf1 accumulated in microtubules during oocyte meiosis, and the depletion of Arf1 led to the failure of polar body extrusion. Unlike mitosis, it finds that Arf1 affected Myt1 activity for cyclin B1/CDK1-based G2/M transition, which disturbed oocyte meiotic resumption. Besides, Arf1 modulated GM130 for the dynamic changes in the Golgi apparatus and Rab35-based vesicle transport during meiosis. Moreover, Arf1 is associated with Ran GTPase for TPX2 expression, further regulating the Aurora A-polo-like kinase 1 pathway for meiotic spindle assembly and microtubule stability in oocytes. Further, exogenous Arf1 mRNA supplementation can significantly rescue these defects. In conclusion, results reported the noncanonical functions of Arf1 in G2/M transition and meiotic spindle organization in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun‐Huan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Yuan‐Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Meng‐Meng Shan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Zhen‐Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Jia‐Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Jing‐Cai Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Yi‐Ming Ji
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Shao‐Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
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3
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Vanisova M, Stufkova H, Kohoutova M, Rakosnikova T, Krizova J, Klempir J, Rysankova I, Roth J, Zeman J, Hansikova H. Mitochondrial organization and structure are compromised in fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:462-475. [PMID: 35946926 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington´s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with onset in adulthood that leads to a complete disability and death in approximately 20 years after onset of symptoms. HD is caused by an expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene for huntingtin. Although the disease causes most damage to striatal neurons, other parts of the nervous system and many peripheral tissues are also markedly affected. Besides huntingtin malfunction, mitochondrial impairment has been previously described as an important player in HD. This study focuses on mitochondrial structure and function in cultivated skin fibroblasts from 10 HD patients to demonstrate mitochondrial impairment in extra-neuronal tissue. Mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial fission, and cristae organization were significantly disrupted and signs of elevated apoptosis were found. In accordance with structural changes, we also found indicators of functional alteration of mitochondria. Mitochondrial disturbances presented in fibroblasts from HD patients confirm that the energy metabolism damage in HD is not localized only to the central nervous system, but also may play role in the pathogenesis of HD in peripheral tissues. Skin fibroblasts can thus serve as a suitable cellular model to make insight into HD pathobiochemical processes and for the identification of possible targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vanisova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stufkova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kohoutova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Rakosnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krizova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klempir
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rysankova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roth
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bukhari AB, Chan GK, Gamper AM. Targeting the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy by Inhibiting the Kinase Wee1. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828684. [PMID: 35251998 PMCID: PMC8891215 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells typically heavily rely on the G2/M checkpoint to survive endogenous and exogenous DNA damage, such as genotoxic stress due to genome instability or radiation and chemotherapy. The key regulator of the G2/M checkpoint, the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), is tightly controlled, including by its phosphorylation state. This posttranslational modification, which is determined by the opposing activities of the phosphatase cdc25 and the kinase Wee1, allows for a more rapid response to cellular stress than via the synthesis or degradation of modulatory interacting proteins, such as p21 or cyclin B. Reducing Wee1 activity results in ectopic activation of CDK1 activity and drives premature entry into mitosis with unrepaired or under-replicated DNA and causing mitotic catastrophe. Here, we review efforts to use small molecule inhibitors of Wee1 for therapeutic purposes, including strategies to combine Wee1 inhibition with genotoxic agents, such as radiation therapy or drugs inducing replication stress, or inhibitors of pathways that show synthetic lethality with Wee1. Furthermore, it become increasingly clear that Wee1 inhibition can also modulate therapeutic immune responses. We will discuss the mechanisms underlying combination treatments identifying both cell intrinsic and systemic anti-tumor activities.
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Yu Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Peng J, Gong J, Xia Y, Wang L. miRNA-338-3p inhibits glioma cell proliferation and progression by targeting MYT1L. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:1-12. [PMID: 34848272 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Currently, miRNAs are considered to be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Previously, we screened three differentially expressed miRNAs from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database which included miRNA-338-3p. miRNA-338-3p is involved in tumor development in different cancers. However, in glioma, its function and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. We found that overexpression of miRNA-338-3p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of glioma in vitro. Myelin transcription factor 1-like (MYT1L) was found to be a direct target of miRNA-383-3p in glioma cells as the expression of MYT1L was inhibited by overexpressing miRNA-338-3p. Additionally, silencing MYT1L produced similar effects as overexpressing miRNA-338-3p in glioma cells. Overexpression of MYT1L also completely attenuated the inhibitory effect induced by miRNA-338-3p overexpression. These results suggest that the miRNA-338-3p/ MYT1L axis plays a critical role in the progression of glioma. Our study delineates one of the complex molecular mechanisms that drive the growth of glioma and may be useful in finding novel prognostic predictors and treatment targets in glioma. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, No.43 Renmin road, Meilan district, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, No.161 Shaoshan road, Yuhua district, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, No.43 Renmin road, Meilan district, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Jikun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, No.43 Renmin road, Meilan district, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, No.43 Renmin road, Meilan district, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Jianwu Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No.283 Tongzipo road, Yuelu district, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, No.43 Renmin road, Meilan district, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, No.283 Tongzipo road, Yuelu district, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China.
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6
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Mitotic HOOK3 phosphorylation by ERK1c drives microtubule-dependent Golgi destabilization and fragmentation. iScience 2021; 24:102670. [PMID: 34189435 PMCID: PMC8215223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK1c is an alternatively spliced isoform of ERK1 that specifically regulates mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which allows division of the Golgi during mitosis. We have previously shown that ERK1c translocates to the Golgi during mitosis where it is activated by a resident MEK1b to induce Golgi fragmentation. However, the mechanism of ERK1c functions in the Golgi remained obscure. Here, we searched for ERK1c substrates and identified HOOK3 as a mediator of ERK1c-induced mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which requires a second phosphorylation by AuroraA for its function. In cycling cells, HOOK3 interacts with microtubules (MTs) and links them to the Golgi. Early in mitosis, HOOK3 is phosphorylated by ERK1c and later by AuroraA, resulting in HOOK3 detachment from the MTs, and elevated interaction with GM130. This detachment modulates Golgi stability and allows fragmentation of the Golgi. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism of Golgi apparatus destabilization early in mitosis to allow mitotic progression. HOOK3 is a Golgi fragmentation-related substrate of ERK1c ERK1c phosphorylates HOOK3 on Ser238 and then AuroraA phosphorylates Ser707 Doubly phosphorylated HOOK3 detaches from microtubules and interacts with GM130 These changes destabilize the Golgi during mitosis and induce its fragmentation
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Lemonnier T, Dupré A, Jessus C. The G2-to-M transition from a phosphatase perspective: a new vision of the meiotic division. Cell Div 2020; 15:9. [PMID: 32508972 PMCID: PMC7249327 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-020-00065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division is orchestrated by the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of thousands of proteins. These post-translational modifications underlie the molecular cascades converging to the activation of the universal mitotic kinase, Cdk1, and entry into cell division. They also govern the structural events that sustain the mechanics of cell division. While the role of protein kinases in mitosis has been well documented by decades of investigations, little was known regarding the control of protein phosphatases until the recent years. However, the regulation of phosphatase activities is as essential as kinases in controlling the activation of Cdk1 to enter M-phase. The regulation and the function of phosphatases result from post-translational modifications but also from the combinatorial association between conserved catalytic subunits and regulatory subunits that drive their substrate specificity, their cellular localization and their activity. It now appears that sequential dephosphorylations orchestrated by a network of phosphatase activities trigger Cdk1 activation and then order the structural events necessary for the timely execution of cell division. This review discusses a series of recent works describing the important roles played by protein phosphatases for the proper regulation of meiotic division. Many breakthroughs in the field of cell cycle research came from studies on oocyte meiotic divisions. Indeed, the meiotic division shares most of the molecular regulators with mitosis. The natural arrests of oocytes in G2 and in M-phase, the giant size of these cells, the variety of model species allowing either biochemical or imaging as well as genetics approaches explain why the process of meiosis has served as an historical model to decipher signalling pathways involved in the G2-to-M transition. The review especially highlights how the phosphatase PP2A-B55δ critically orchestrates the timing of meiosis resumption in amphibian oocytes. By opposing the kinase PKA, PP2A-B55δ controls the release of the G2 arrest through the dephosphorylation of their substrate, Arpp19. Few hours later, the inhibition of PP2A-B55δ by Arpp19 releases its opposing kinase, Cdk1, and triggers M-phase. In coordination with a variety of phosphatases and kinases, the PP2A-B55δ/Arpp19 duo therefore emerges as the key effector of the G2-to-M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lemonnier
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, LBD-IBPS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aude Dupré
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, LBD-IBPS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Jessus
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, LBD-IBPS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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The Golgi ribbon: mechanisms of maintenance and disassembly during the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:245-256. [PMID: 32010930 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex (GC) has an essential role in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. The GC of mammalian cells is composed of stacks of cisternae connected by membranous tubules to create a continuous network, the Golgi ribbon, whose maintenance requires several core and accessory proteins. Despite this complex structural organization, the Golgi apparatus is highly dynamic, and this property becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the ribbon undergoes a multistep disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by the daughter cells. Importantly, alterations of the Golgi structure are associated with a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the core mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in both the maintenance and disassembly of the Golgi ribbon, and we also report on the signaling pathways that connect the disassembly of the Golgi ribbon to mitotic entry and progression.
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Al Jord A, Spassky N, Meunier A. Motile ciliogenesis and the mitotic prism. Biol Cell 2019; 111:199-212. [PMID: 30905068 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia of epithelial multiciliated cells transport vital fluids along organ lumens to promote essential respiratory, reproductive and brain functions. Progenitors of multiciliated cells undergo massive and coordinated organelle remodelling during their differentiation for subsequent motile ciliogenesis. Defects in multiciliated cell differentiation lead to severe cilia-related diseases by perturbing cilia-based flows. Recent work designated the machinery of mitosis as the orchestrator of the orderly progression of differentiation associated with multiple motile cilia formation. By examining the events leading to motile ciliogenesis with a methodological prism of mitosis, we contextualise and discuss the recent findings to broaden the spectrum of questions related to the differentiation of mammalian multiciliated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Al Jord
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS 7241 INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Alice Meunier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1024, Paris, F-75005, France
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10
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Variable Response to ALK Inhibitors in NSCLC with a Novel MYT1L-ALK Fusion. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:e29-e30. [PMID: 30683295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schmidt M, Rohe A, Platzer C, Najjar A, Erdmann F, Sippl W. Regulation of G2/M Transition by Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 Kinases. Molecules 2017; 22:E2045. [PMID: 29168755 PMCID: PMC6149964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cell cycle, there are two checkpoint arrests that allow cells to repair damaged DNA in order to maintain genomic integrity. Many cancer cells have defective G1 checkpoint mechanisms, thus depending on the G2 checkpoint far more than normal cells. G2 checkpoint abrogation is therefore a promising concept to preferably damage cancerous cells over normal cells. The main factor influencing the decision to enter mitosis is a complex composed of Cdk1 and cyclin B. Cdk1/CycB is regulated by various feedback mechanisms, in particular inhibitory phosphorylations at Thr14 and Tyr15 of Cdk1. In fact, Cdk1/CycB activity is restricted by the balance between WEE family kinases and Cdc25 phosphatases. The WEE kinase family consists of three proteins: WEE1, PKMYT1, and the less important WEE1B. WEE1 exclusively mediates phosphorylation at Tyr15, whereas PKMYT1 is dual-specific for Tyr15 as well as Thr14. Inhibition by a small molecule inhibitor is therefore proposed to be a promising option since WEE kinases bind Cdk1, altering equilibria and thus affecting G2/M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Alexander Rohe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Charlott Platzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Abdulkarim Najjar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Frank Erdmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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12
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Ayala I, Colanzi A. Mitotic inheritance of the Golgi complex and its role in cell division. Biol Cell 2017; 109:364-374. [PMID: 28799169 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids, but it can also act as a signalling hub and a microtubule-nucleation centre. The Golgi complex (GC) of mammalian cells is composed of stacks connected by tubular bridges to form a continuous membranous system. In spite of this structural complexity, the GC is highly dynamic, and this feature becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the GC undergoes a multi-step disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by daughter cells. Strikingly, different steps of Golgi disassembly control mitotic entry and progression, indicating that cells actively monitor Golgi integrity during cell division. Here, we summarise the basic mechanisms and the molecular players that are involved in Golgi disassembly, focussing in particular on recent studies that have revealed the fundamental signalling pathways that connect Golgi inheritance to mitotic entry and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, 80131, Italy
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13
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Santos TC, Wierda K, Broeke JH, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Early Golgi Abnormalities and Neurodegeneration upon Loss of Presynaptic Proteins Munc18-1, Syntaxin-1, or SNAP-25. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4525-4539. [PMID: 28348137 PMCID: PMC6596660 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3352-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of presynaptic proteins Munc18-1, syntaxin-1, or SNAP-25 is known to produce cell death, but the underlying features have not been compared experimentally. Here, we investigated these features in cultured mouse CNS and DRG neurons. Side-by-side comparisons confirmed massive cell death, before synaptogenesis, within 1-4 DIV upon loss of t-SNAREs (syntaxin-1, SNAP-25) or Munc18-1, but not v-SNAREs (synaptobrevins/VAMP1/2/3 using tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), also in TI-VAMP/VAMP7 knock-out (KO) neurons). A condensed cis-Golgi was the first abnormality observed upon Munc18-1 or SNAP-25 loss within 3 DIV. This phenotype was distinct from the Golgi fragmentation observed in apoptosis. Cell death was too rapid after syntaxin-1 loss to study Golgi abnormalities. Syntaxin-1 and Munc18-1 depend on each other for normal cellular levels. We observed that endogenous syntaxin-1 accumulates at the Golgi of Munc18-1 KO neurons. However, expression of a non-neuronal Munc18 isoform that does not bind syntaxin-1, Munc18-3, in Munc18-1 KO neurons prevented cell death and restored normal cis-Golgi morphology, but not synaptic transmission or syntaxin-1 targeting. Finally, we observed that DRG neurons are the only Munc18-1 KO neurons that do not degenerate in vivo or in vitro In these neurons, cis-Golgi abnormalities were less severe, with no changes in Golgi shape. Together, these data demonstrate that cell death upon Munc18-1, syntaxin-1, or SNAP-25 loss occurs via a degenerative pathway unrelated to the known synapse function of these proteins and involving early cis-Golgi abnormalities, distinct from apoptosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides new insights in a neurodegeneration pathway triggered by the absence of specific proteins involved in synaptic transmission (syntaxin-1, Munc18-1, SNAP-25), whereas other proteins involved in the same molecular process (synaptobrevins, Munc13-1/2) do not cause degeneration. Massive cell death occurs in cultured neurons upon depleting syntaxin-1, Munc18-1, and/or SNAP-25, well before synapse formation. This study characterizes several relevant cellular phenotypes, especially early cis-Golgi abnormalities, distinct from abnormalities observed during apoptosis, and rules out several other phenotypes as causal (defects in syntaxin-1 targeting and synaptic transmission). As proteins, such as syntaxin-1, Munc18-1, or SNAP-25, modulate α-synuclein neuropathy and/or are dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease, understanding this type of neurodegeneration may provide new links between synaptic defects and neurodegeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jurjen H Broeke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics and
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Ibar C, Glavic Á. Drosophila p115 is required for Cdk1 activation and G2/M cell cycle transition. Mech Dev 2017; 144:191-200. [PMID: 28396045 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Golgi complex inheritance and its relationship with the cell cycle are central in cell biology. Golgi matrix proteins, known as golgins, are one of the components that underlie the shape and functionality of this organelle. In mammalian cells, golgins are phosphorylated during mitosis to allow fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon and they also participate in spindle dynamics; both processes are required for cell cycle progression. Little is known about the function of golgins during mitosis in metazoans in vivo. This is particularly significant in Drosophila, in which the Golgi architecture is distributed in numerous units scattered throughout the cytoplasm, in contrast with mammalian cells. We examined the function of the ER/cis-Golgi golgin p115 during the proliferative phase of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Knockdown of p115 decreased tissue size. This phenotype was not caused by programmed cell death or cell size reductions, but by a reduction in the final cell number due to an accumulation of cells at the G2/M transition. This phenomenon frequently allows mitotic bypass and re-replication of DNA. These outcomes are similar to those observed following the partial loss of function of positive regulators of Cdk1 in Drosophila. In agreement with this, Cdk1 activation was reduced upon p115 knockdown. Interestingly, these phenotypes were fully rescued by Cdk1 overexpression and partially rescued by Myt1 depletion, but not by String (also known as Cdc25) overexpression. Additionally, we confirmed the physical interaction between p115 and Cdk1, suggesting that the formation of a complex where both proteins are present is essential for the full activation of Cdk1 and thus the correct progression of mitosis in proliferating tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Ibar
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Álvaro Glavic
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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de Gooijer MC, van den Top A, Bockaj I, Beijnen JH, Würdinger T, van Tellingen O. The G2 checkpoint-a node-based molecular switch. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:439-455. [PMID: 28396830 PMCID: PMC5377395 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle is paramount to ensure genomic integrity throughout life. Cell cycle checkpoints are present in each phase of the cell cycle and prevent cell cycle progression when genomic integrity is compromised. The G2 checkpoint is an intricate signaling network that regulates the progression of G2 to mitosis (M). We propose here a node-based model of G2 checkpoint regulation, in which the action of the central CDK1-cyclin B1 node is determined by the concerted but opposing activities of the Wee1 and cell division control protein 25C (CDC25C) nodes. Phosphorylation of both Wee1 and CDC25C at specific sites determines their subcellular localization, driving them either toward activity within the nucleus or to the cytoplasm and subsequent ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. In turn, this subcellular balance of the Wee1 and CDC25C nodes is directed by the action of the PLK1 and CHK1 nodes via what we have termed the 'nuclear and cytoplasmic decision states' of Wee1 and CDC25C. The proposed node-based model provides an intelligible structure of the complex interactions that govern the decision to delay or continue G2/M progression. The model may also aid in predicting the effects of agents that target these G2 checkpoint nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arnout van den Top
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Irena Bockaj
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Drug ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyUtrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
- Division of Biomedical AnalysisFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Würdinger
- Neuro‐oncology Research GroupDepartments of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Oncology/HematologyCancer Center AmsterdamVU University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
- Molecular Neurogenetics UnitDepartments of Neurology and RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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16
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Cellular Reorganization during Mitotic Entry. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:26-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Ranftler C, Meisslitzer-Ruppitsch C, Neumüller J, Ellinger A, Pavelka M. Golgi apparatus dis- and reorganizations studied with the aid of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and visualized by 3D-electron tomography. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:415-438. [PMID: 27975144 PMCID: PMC5359389 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We studied Golgi apparatus disorganizations and reorganizations in human HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells by using the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) and analyzing the changes in Golgi stack architectures by 3D-electron tomography. Golgi stacks remodel in response to 2DG-treatment and are replaced by tubulo-glomerular Golgi bodies, from which mini-Golgi stacks emerge again after removal of 2DG. The Golgi stack changes correlate with the measured ATP-values. Our findings indicate that the classic Golgi stack architecture is impeded, while cells are under the influence of 2DG at constantly low ATP-levels, but the Golgi apparatus is maintained in forms of the Golgi bodies and Golgi stacks can be rebuilt as soon as 2DG is removed. The 3D-electron microscopic results highlight connecting regions that interlink membrane compartments in all phases of Golgi stack reorganizations and show that the compact Golgi bodies mainly consist of continuous intertwined tubules. Connections and continuities point to possible new transport pathways that could substitute for other modes of traffic. The changing architectures visualized in this work reflect Golgi stack dynamics that may be essential for basic cell physiologic and pathologic processes and help to learn, how cells respond to conditions of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ranftler
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Josef Neumüller
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adolf Ellinger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Pavelka
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Villeneuve J, Duran J, Scarpa M, Bassaganyas L, Van Galen J, Malhotra V. Golgi enzymes do not cycle through the endoplasmic reticulum during protein secretion or mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:141-151. [PMID: 27807044 PMCID: PMC5221618 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of whether the Golgi complex is a stable compartment or is constantly regenerated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important issue under debate. Using an ER trapping procedure and Golgi-specific O-linked glycosylation of a resident ER protein, this study demonstrates that Golgi enzymes do not cycle through the ER during secretion and mitosis. Golgi-specific sialyltransferase (ST) expressed as a chimera with the rapamycin-binding domain of mTOR, FRB, relocates to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cells exposed to rapamycin that also express invariant chain (Ii)-FKBP in the ER. This result has been taken to indicate that Golgi-resident enzymes cycle to the ER constitutively. We show that ST-FRB is trapped in the ER even without Ii-FKBP upon rapamycin addition. This is because ER-Golgi–cycling FKBP proteins contain a C-terminal KDEL-like sequence, bind ST-FRB in the Golgi, and are transported together back to the ER by KDEL receptor–mediated retrograde transport. Moreover, depletion of KDEL receptor prevents trapping of ST-FRB in the ER by rapamycin. Thus ST-FRB cycles artificially by binding to FKBP domain–containing proteins. In addition, Golgi-specific O-linked glycosylation of a resident ER protein occurs only upon artificial fusion of Golgi membranes with ER. Together these findings support the consensus view that there is no appreciable mixing of Golgi-resident enzymes with ER under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juan Duran
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Scarpa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bassaganyas
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Josse Van Galen
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Barretta ML, Spano D, D'Ambrosio C, Cervigni RI, Scaloni A, Corda D, Colanzi A. Aurora-A recruitment and centrosomal maturation are regulated by a Golgi-activated pool of Src during G2. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11727. [PMID: 27242098 PMCID: PMC4895030 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is composed of stacks of cisternae laterally connected by tubules to form a ribbon-like structure. At the onset of mitosis, the Golgi ribbon is broken down into discrete stacks, which then undergo further fragmentation. This ribbon cleavage is required for G2/M transition, which thus indicates that a ‘Golgi mitotic checkpoint' couples Golgi inheritance with cell cycle transition. We previously showed that the Golgi-checkpoint regulates the centrosomal recruitment of the mitotic kinase Aurora-A; however, how the Golgi unlinking regulates this recruitment was unknown. Here we show that, in G2, Aurora-A recruitment is promoted by activated Src at the Golgi. Our data provide evidence that Src and Aurora-A interact upon Golgi ribbon fragmentation; Src phosphorylates Aurora-A at tyrosine 148 and this specific phosphorylation is required for Aurora-A localization at the centrosomes. This process, pivotal for centrosome maturation, is a fundamental prerequisite for proper spindle formation and chromosome segregation. The Golgi mitotic checkpoint couples Golgi inheritance with cell cycle transition, and regulates centrosomal recruitment of the mitotic kinase Aurora-A. Here the authors show that upon Golgi ribbon fragmentation in G2, Src phosphorylates Aurora-A at the Golgi, driving its localization to the centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Barretta
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara D'Ambrosio
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, ISPAAM, National Research Council (CNR), Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Ines Cervigni
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, ISPAAM, National Research Council (CNR), Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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20
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Varadarajan R, Ayeni J, Jin Z, Homola E, Campbell SD. Myt1 inhibition of Cyclin A/Cdk1 is essential for fusome integrity and premeiotic centriole engagement in Drosophila spermatocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2051-63. [PMID: 27170181 PMCID: PMC4927279 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-02-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Myt1 is essential for male fertility. Loss of Myt1 activity causes defective fusomes and premature centriole disengagement during premeiotic G2 phase due to lack of Myt1 inhibition of Cyclin A/Cdk1. These functions are distinct from known roles for Myt1 inhibition of Cyclin B/Cdk1 used to regulate G2/MI timing. Regulation of cell cycle arrest in premeiotic G2 phase coordinates germ cell maturation and meiotic cell division with hormonal and developmental signals by mechanisms that control Cyclin B synthesis and inhibitory phosphorylation of the M-phase kinase, Cdk1. In this study, we investigated how inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 by Myt1 kinase regulates premeiotic G2 phase of Drosophila male meiosis. Immature spermatocytes lacking Myt1 activity exhibit two distinct defects: disrupted intercellular bridges (fusomes) and premature centriole disengagement. As a result, the myt1 mutant spermatocytes enter meiosis with multipolar spindles. These myt1 defects can be suppressed by depletion of Cyclin A activity or ectopic expression of Wee1 (a partially redundant Cdk1 inhibitory kinase) and phenocopied by expression of a Cdk1F mutant defective for inhibitory phosphorylation. We therefore conclude that Myt1 inhibition of Cyclin A/Cdk1 is essential for normal fusome behavior and centriole engagement during premeiotic G2 arrest of Drosophila male meiosis. The novel meiotic functions we discovered for Myt1 kinase are spatially and temporally distinct from previously described functions of Myt1 as an inhibitor of Cyclin B/Cdk1 to regulate G2/MI timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Varadarajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Joseph Ayeni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Zhigang Jin
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ellen Homola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Shelagh D Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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21
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The dynamic subcellular localization of ERK: mechanisms of translocation and role in various organelles. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:15-20. [PMID: 26827288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic subcellular localization of ERK in resting and stimulated cells plays an important role in its regulation. In resting cells, ERK localizes in the cytoplasm, and upon stimulation, it translocates to its target substrates and organelles. ERK signaling initiated from different places in resting cells has distinct outcomes. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of ERK1/2 translocation to the nucleus and mitochondria, and of ERK1c to the Golgi. We also show that ERK1/2 translocation to the nucleus is a useful anti cancer target. Unraveling the complex subcellular localization of ERK and its dynamic changes upon stimulation provides a better understanding of the regulation of ERK signaling and may result in the development of new strategies to combat ERK-related diseases.
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22
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Toledo CM, Ding Y, Hoellerbauer P, Davis RJ, Basom R, Girard EJ, Lee E, Corrin P, Hart T, Bolouri H, Davison J, Zhang Q, Hardcastle J, Aronow BJ, Plaisier CL, Baliga NS, Moffat J, Lin Q, Li XN, Nam DH, Lee J, Pollard SM, Zhu J, Delrow JJ, Clurman BE, Olson JM, Paddison PJ. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screens Reveal Loss of Redundancy between PKMYT1 and WEE1 in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2425-2439. [PMID: 26673326 PMCID: PMC4691575 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify therapeutic targets for glioblastoma (GBM), we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) screens in patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and human neural stem/progenitors (NSCs), non-neoplastic stem cell controls, for genes required for their in vitro growth. Surprisingly, the vast majority GSC-lethal hits were found outside of molecular networks commonly altered in GBM and GSCs (e.g., oncogenic drivers). In vitro and in vivo validation of GSC-specific targets revealed several strong hits, including the wee1-like kinase, PKMYT1/Myt1. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PKMYT1 acts redundantly with WEE1 to inhibit cyclin B-CDK1 activity via CDK1-Y15 phosphorylation and to promote timely completion of mitosis in NSCs. However, in GSCs, this redundancy is lost, most likely as a result of oncogenic signaling, causing GBM-specific lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Toledo
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yu Ding
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pia Hoellerbauer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryan J Davis
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Emily J Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Philip Corrin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Traver Hart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1Z8, Canada
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jerry Davison
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin Hardcastle
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1Z8, Canada
| | - Qi Lin
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44192, USA
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Edinburgh CRUK Cancer Research Centre and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffery J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bruce E Clurman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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23
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Valente C, Colanzi A. Mechanisms and Regulation of the Mitotic Inheritance of the Golgi Complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:79. [PMID: 26734607 PMCID: PMC4679863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the Golgi complex is structured in the form of a continuous membranous system composed of stacks connected by tubular bridges: the "Golgi ribbon." At the onset of mitosis, the Golgi complex undergoes a multi-step fragmentation process that is required for its correct partition into the dividing cells. Importantly, inhibition of Golgi disassembly results in cell-cycle arrest at the G2 stage, which indicates that accurate inheritance of the Golgi complex is monitored by a "Golgi mitotic checkpoint." Moreover, mitotic Golgi disassembly correlates with the release of a set of Golgi-localized proteins that acquire specific functions during mitosis, such as mitotic spindle formation and regulation of the spindle checkpoint. Most of these events are regulated by small GTPases of the Arf and Rab families. Here, we review recent studies that are revealing the fundamental mechanisms, the molecular players, and the biological significance of mitotic inheritance of the Golgi complex in mammalian cells. We also briefly comment on how Golgi partitioning is coordinated with mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council Naples, Italy
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24
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Wortzel I, Hanoch T, Porat Z, Hausser A, Seger R. Mitotic Golgi translocation of ERK1c is mediated by a PI4KIIIβ-14-3-3γ shuttling complex. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4083-95. [PMID: 26459638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi fragmentation is a highly regulated process that allows division of the Golgi complex between the two daughter cells. The mitotic reorganization of the Golgi is accompanied by a temporary block in Golgi functioning, as protein transport in and out of the Golgi stops. Our group has previously demonstrated the involvement of the alternatively spliced variants ERK1c and MEK1b (ERK1 is also known as MAPK3, and MEK1 as MAP2K1) in mitotic Golgi fragmentation. We had also found that ERK1c translocates to the Golgi at the G2 to M phase transition, but the molecular mechanism underlying this recruitment remains unknown. In this study, we narrowed the translocation timing to prophase and prometaphase, and elucidated its molecular mechanism. We found that CDK1 phosphorylates Ser343 of ERK1c, thereby allowing the binding of phosphorylated ERK1c to a complex that consists of PI4KIIIβ (also known as PI4KB) and the 14-3-3γ dimer (encoded by YWHAB). The stability of the complex is regulated by protein kinase D (PKD)-mediated phosphorylation of PI4KIIIβ. The complex assembly induces the Golgi shuttling of ERK1c, where it is activated by MEK1b, and induces Golgi fragmentation. Our work shows that protein shuttling to the Golgi is not completely abolished at the G2 to M phase transition, thus integrating several independent Golgi-regulating processes into one coherent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Wortzel
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamar Hanoch
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Department of Biological Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Angelika Hausser
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart 70550, Germany
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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25
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Goins LM, Mullins RD. A novel tropomyosin isoform functions at the mitotic spindle and Golgi in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2491-504. [PMID: 25971803 PMCID: PMC4571303 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells express multiple isoforms of the actin-binding protein tropomyosin that help construct a variety of cytoskeletal networks. Only one nonmuscle tropomyosin (Tm1A) has previously been described in Drosophila, but developmental defects caused by insertion of P-elements near tropomyosin genes imply the existence of additional, nonmuscle isoforms. Using biochemical and molecular genetic approaches, we identified three tropomyosins expressed in Drosophila S2 cells: Tm1A, Tm1J, and Tm2A. The Tm1A isoform localizes to the cell cortex, lamellar actin networks, and the cleavage furrow of dividing cells--always together with myosin-II. Isoforms Tm1J and Tm2A colocalize around the Golgi apparatus with the formin-family protein Diaphanous, and loss of either isoform perturbs cell cycle progression. During mitosis, Tm1J localizes to the mitotic spindle, where it promotes chromosome segregation. Using chimeras, we identified the determinants of tropomyosin localization near the C-terminus. This work 1) identifies and characterizes previously unknown nonmuscle tropomyosins in Drosophila, 2) reveals a function for tropomyosin in the mitotic spindle, and 3) uncovers sequence elements that specify isoform-specific localizations and functions of tropomyosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Goins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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26
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Cervigni RI, Bonavita R, Barretta ML, Spano D, Ayala I, Nakamura N, Corda D, Colanzi A. JNK2 controls fragmentation of the Golgi complex and the G2/M transition through phosphorylation of GRASP65. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2249-60. [PMID: 25948586 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the Golgi complex is composed of stacks that are connected by membranous tubules. During G2, the Golgi complex is disassembled into isolated stacks. This process is required for entry into mitosis, indicating that the correct inheritance of the organelle is monitored by a 'Golgi mitotic checkpoint'. However, the regulation and the molecular mechanisms underlying this Golgi disassembly are still poorly understood. Here, we show that JNK2 has a crucial role in the G2-specific separation of the Golgi stacks through phosphorylation of Ser277 of the Golgi-stacking protein GRASP65 (also known as GORASP1). Inhibition of JNK2 by RNA interference or by treatment with three unrelated JNK inhibitors causes a potent and persistent cell cycle block in G2. JNK activity becomes dispensable for mitotic entry if the Golgi complex is disassembled by brefeldin A treatment or by GRASP65 depletion. Finally, measurement of the Golgi fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrates that JNK is required for the cleavage of the tubules connecting Golgi stacks. Our findings reveal that a JNK2-GRASP65 signalling axis has a crucial role in coupling Golgi inheritance and G2/M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ines Cervigni
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonavita
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Barretta
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
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27
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Dual phosphorylation of cdk1 coordinates cell proliferation with key developmental processes in Drosophila. Genetics 2013; 196:197-210. [PMID: 24214341 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.156281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms use conserved checkpoint mechanisms that regulate Cdk1 by inhibitory phosphorylation to prevent mitosis from interfering with DNA replication or repair. In metazoans, this checkpoint mechanism is also used for coordinating mitosis with dynamic developmental processes. Inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 is catalyzed by Wee1 kinases that phosphorylate tyrosine 15 (Y15) and dual-specificity Myt1 kinases found only in metazoans that phosphorylate Y15 and the adjacent threonine (T14) residue. Despite partially redundant roles in Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation, Wee1 and Myt1 serve specialized developmental functions that are not well understood. Here, we expressed wild-type and phospho-acceptor mutant Cdk1 proteins to investigate how biochemical differences in Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation influence Drosophila imaginal development. Phosphorylation of Cdk1 on Y15 appeared to be crucial for developmental and DNA damage-induced G2-phase checkpoint arrest, consistent with other evidence that Myt1 is the major Y15-directed Cdk1 inhibitory kinase at this stage of development. Expression of non-inhibitable Cdk1 also caused chromosome defects in larval neuroblasts that were not observed with Cdk1(Y15F) mutant proteins that were phosphorylated on T14, implicating Myt1 in a novel mechanism promoting genome stability. Collectively, these results suggest that dual inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 by Myt1 serves at least two functions during development. Phosphorylation of Y15 is essential for the premitotic checkpoint mechanism, whereas T14 phosphorylation facilitates accumulation of dually inhibited Cdk1-Cyclin B complexes that can be rapidly activated once checkpoint-arrested G2-phase cells are ready for mitosis.
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Abstract
The Golgi complex of mammalian cells is composed of interconnected stacks of flattened cisternae that form a continuous membrane system in the pericentriolar region of the cell. At the onset of mitosis, this so-called Golgi ribbon is converted into small tubular-vesicular clusters in a tightly regulated fragmentation process, which leads to a temporary loss of the physical Golgi-centrosome proximity. Mitotic Golgi breakdown is required for Golgi partitioning into the two daughter cells, cell cycle progression and may contribute to the dispersal of Golgi-associated signaling molecules. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms that control mitotic Golgi reorganization, its biological significance, and assays that are used to study this process.
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