1
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Cho Y, Joshi R, Lowe P, Copeland C, Ribeiro M, Morel C, Catalano D, Szabo G. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates liver damage by M2 macrophage polarization and hepatocyte proliferation in alcoholic hepatitis in mice. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2322-2339. [PMID: 35997009 PMCID: PMC9426408 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive inflammation and liver failure are main contributors to the high mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). In recent clinical trials, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy improved liver function and survival in patients with AH. However, the mechanisms of G-CSF-mediated beneficial effects in AH remain elusive. In this study, we evaluated effects of in vivo G-CSF administration, using a mouse model of AH. G-CSF treatment significantly reduced liver damage in alcohol-fed mice even though it increased the numbers of liver-infiltrating immune cells, including neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. Moreover, G-CSF promoted macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype and increased hepatocyte proliferation, which was indicated by an increased Ki67-positive signal colocalized with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α) and cyclin D1 expression in hepatocytes. We found that G-CSF increased G-CSF receptor expression and resulted in reduced levels of phosphorylated β-catenin in hepatocytes. In the presence of an additional pathogen-associated molecule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is significantly increased in the circulation and liver of patients with AH, the G-CSF-induced hepatoprotective effects were abolished in alcohol-fed mice. We still observed increased Ki67-positive signals in alcohol-fed mice following G-CSF treatment; however, Ki67 and HNF-4α did not colocalize in LPS-challenged mice. Conclusion: G-CSF treatment increases immune cell populations, particularly neutrophil counts, and promotes M2-like macrophage differentiation in the liver. More importantly, G-CSF treatment reduces alcohol-induced liver injury and promotes hepatocyte proliferation in alcohol-fed mice. These data provide new insights into the understanding of mechanisms mediated by G-CSF and its therapeutic effects in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Lowe
- Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Copeland
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Morel
- Advanced Pathology Service, Invicro, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Stanley ER. Colony stimulating factors in the nervous system. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101511. [PMID: 34743926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally seen as regulators of hematopoiesis, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as important players in the nervous system, both in health and disease. This review summarizes the cellular sources, patterns of expression and physiological roles of the macrophage (CSF-1, IL-34), granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) and granulocyte (G-CSF) colony stimulating factors within the nervous system, with a particular focus on their actions on microglia. CSF-1 and IL-34, via the CSF-1R, are required for the development, proliferation and maintenance of essentially all CNS microglia in a temporal and regional specific manner. In contrast, in steady state, GM-CSF and G-CSF are mainly involved in regulation of microglial function. The alterations in expression of these growth factors and their receptors, that have been reported in several neurological diseases, are described and the outcomes of their therapeutic targeting in mouse models and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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3
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Sobkowiak P, Narożna B, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Bręborowicz A, Szczepankiewicz A. Expression of proteins associated with airway fibrosis differs between children with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:2058738421990493. [PMID: 33626956 PMCID: PMC7922620 DOI: 10.1177/2058738421990493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) exhibit similar inflammatory
response in the airways. However, the remodelling is more extensive in the lower
airways, suggesting that the inflammation itself is not sufficient for allergic
phenotype. We aimed to analyse whether the expression of selected 27
inflammatory and fibrosis-related proteins may be altered in AR and AA in the
paediatric population and whether the expression pattern is either similar (due
to the inflammation) or disease-specific (due to the remodelling). We analysed
80 paediatric subjects: 39 with AA, 21 with AR and 20 healthy children. The
diagnosis of AR and AA was based on clinical manifestation, lung function,
positive skin prick tests and increased immunoglobulin E levels. Serum levels of
selected inflammatory proteins were measured with custom Magnetic Luminex Assay.
Statistical analysis was performed in Statistica v.13. CCL2/MCP1, GM-CSF, gp130
and periostin concentrations were significantly lower, whereas IL-5 levels were
higher in AA compared to the control group. CD-40L, CHI3L1/YKL-40, EGF, GM-CSF
and periostin levels were significantly decreased in patients with AR than in
the control group. Comparison of AA and AR patients revealed significant changes
in CHI3L1/YKL-40 (P = 0.021), IL-5
(P = 0.036), periostin (P = 0.013) and VEGFα
(P = 0.046). Significantly altered proteins were good
predictors to distinguish between AA and AR (P < 0.001, OR
46.00, accuracy 88.57%). Our results suggest that the expression of four
fibrotic proteins was significantly altered between AA and AR, suggesting
possible differences in airway remodelling between upper and lower airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sobkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narożna
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bręborowicz
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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4
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Damiani G, McCormick TS, Leal LO, Ghannoum MA. Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor expressed in yeast (sargramostim): A potential ally to combat serious infections. Clin Immunol 2020; 210:108292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5
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Gianolio E, Bäckström S, Petoral RM, Olsson A, Aime S, Axelsson O. Characterization of a Manganese-Containing Nanoparticle as an MRI Contrast Agent. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Gianolio
- Dep. of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Science; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | | | | | - Anders Olsson
- Spago Nanomedical AB; Scheelevägen 22 22363 Lund Sweden
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dep. of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Science; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
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6
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Weston BR, Li L, Tyson JJ. Mathematical Analysis of Cytokine-Induced Differentiation of Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitor Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2048. [PMID: 30279691 PMCID: PMC6153365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) cells play a vital role in the immune system by maturing into a variety of white blood cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, depending on exposure to cytokines such as various types of colony stimulating factors (CSF). Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) induces granulopoiesis and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) induces monopoiesis, while granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) favors monocytic and granulocytic differentiation at low and high concentrations, respectively. Although these differentiation pathways are well documented, the mechanisms behind the diverse behavioral responses of GMP cells to CSFs are not well understood. In this paper, we propose a mechanism of interacting CSF-receptors and transcription factors that control GMP differentiation, convert the mechanism into a set of differential equations, and explore the properties of this mathematical model using dynamical systems theory. Our model reproduces numerous experimental observations of GMP cell differentiation in response to varying dosages of G-CSF, M-CSF, and GM-CSF. In particular, we are able to reproduce the concentration-dependent behavior of GM-CSF induced differentiation, and propose a mechanism driving this behavior. In addition, we explore the differentiation of a fourth phenotype, monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC), showing how they might fit into the classical pathways of GMP differentiation and how progenitor cells can be primed for M-MDSC differentiation. Finally, we use the model to make novel predictions that can be explored by future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson R Weston
- Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John J Tyson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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7
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Iwabuchi R, Ikeno S, Kobayashi-Ishihara M, Takeyama H, Ato M, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Terahara K. Introduction of Human Flt3-L and GM-CSF into Humanized Mice Enhances the Reconstitution and Maturation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and the Development of Foxp3 +CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1042. [PMID: 29892279 PMCID: PMC5985304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Two cytokines, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are considered to be the essential regulators of dendritic cell (DC) development in vivo. However, the combined effect of Flt3-L and GM-CSF on human DCs has not been evaluated in vivo. In this study, we, therefore, aimed at evaluating this using a humanized mouse model. Humanized non-obese diabetic/SCID/Jak3null (hNOJ) mice were constructed by transplanting hematopoietic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood into newborn NOJ mice, and in vivo transfection (IVT) was performed by hydrodynamic injection-mediated gene delivery using plasmids encoding human Flt3-L and GM-CSF. Following IVT, Flt3-L and GM-CSF were successfully induced in hNOJ mice. At 10 days post-IVT, we found, in the spleen, that treatment with both Flt3-L and GM-CSF enhanced the reconstitution of two myeloid DC subsets, CD14−CD1c+ conventional DCs (cDCs) and CD14−CD141+ cDCs, in addition to CD14+ monocyte-like cells expressing CD1c and/or CD141. GM-CSF alone had less effect on the reconstitution of these myeloid cell populations. By contrast, none of the cytokine treatments enhanced CD123+ plasmacytoid DC (pDC) reconstitution. Regardless of the reconstitution levels, three cell populations (CD1c+ myeloid cells, CD141+ myeloid cells, and pDCs) could be matured by treatment with cytokines, in terms of upregulation of CD40, CD80, CD86, and CD184/CXCR4 and downregulation of CD195/CCR5. In particular, GM-CSF contributed to upregulation of CD80 in all these cell populations. Interestingly, we further observed that Foxp3+ cells within splenic CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in the presence of GM-CSF. Foxp3+ T cells could be subdivided into two subpopulations, CD45RA−Foxp3hi and CD45RA−Foxp3lo T cells. Whereas CD45RA−Foxp3hi T cells were increased only after treatment with GM-CSF alone, CD45RA−Foxp3lo T cells were increased only after treatment with both Flt3-L and GM-CSF. Treatment with Flt3-L alone had no effect on the number of Foxp3+ T cells. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the development of these Foxp3+ subpopulations was associated with the maturation status of DC(-like) cells. Taken together, this study provides a platform for studying the in vivo effect of Flt3-L and GM-CSF on human DCs and regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Ikeno
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, School of Human Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Terahara
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Scalzo-Inguanti K, Monaghan K, Edwards K, Herzog E, Mirosa D, Hardy M, Sorto V, Huynh H, Rakar S, Kurtov D, Braley H, Wilson N, Busfield S, Nash A, Andrews A. A neutralizing anti-G-CSFR antibody blocks G-CSF-induced neutrophilia without inducing neutropenia in nonhuman primates. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:537-549. [PMID: 28515226 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a1116-489r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs and have an essential role in the clearance of pathogens. Tight regulation of neutrophil numbers and their recruitment to sites of inflammation is critical in maintaining a balanced immune response. In various inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, cystic fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, increased serum G-CSF correlates with neutrophilia and enhanced neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissues. We describe a fully human therapeutic anti-G-CSFR antibody (CSL324) that is safe and well tolerated when administered via i.v. infusion to cynomolgus macaques. CSL324 was effective in controlling G-CSF-mediated neutrophilia when administered either before or after G-CSF. A single ascending-dose study showed CSL324 did not alter steady-state neutrophil numbers, even at doses sufficient to completely prevent G-CSF-mediated neutrophilia. Weekly infusions of CSL324 (≤10 mg/kg) for 3 wk completely neutralized G-CSF-mediated pSTAT3 phosphorylation without neutropenia. Moreover, repeat dosing up to 100 mg/kg for 12 wk did not result in neutropenia at any point, including the 12-wk follow-up after the last infusion. In addition, CSL324 had no observable effect on basic neutrophil functions, such as phagocytosis and oxidative burst. These data suggest that targeting G-CSFR may provide a safe and effective means of controlling G-CSF-mediated neutrophilia as observed in various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huy Huynh
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia; and
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9
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Liu Q, Dong L, Li H, Yuan J, Peng Y, Dai S. Lentinan mitigates therarubicin-induced myelosuppression by activating bone marrow-derived macrophages in an MAPK/NF-κB-dependent manner. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:315-23. [PMID: 27121155 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) suppression (also known as myelosuppression) is the most common and most severe side-effect of therarubicin (THP) and thereby limits the clinical application of this anticancer agent. Lentinan (LNT), a glucan extracted from dried shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities. The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of LNT on the myelosuppression of THP-treated mice and to examine the pharmacological mechanism of these effects. In vivo experiments indicated that non-cytotoxic levels of LNT strongly increased blood myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; improved BM structural injuries; increased the numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils in the blood and BM; elevated the blood levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); and reduced the self-healing period in THP-treated mice. In vitro experiments indicated that LNT increased the viability of BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner without toxic side-effects and markedly increased the release of G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF by BMDMs. Further analyses revealed that LNT activated the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways and promoted the nuclear import of p65 and that BAY 11-7082 (a specific inhibitor of NF-κB) suppressed the release of G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF. Furthermore, we found that U0126, SB203580 and SP600125 (specific inhibitors of ERK, p38 and JNK, respectively) markedly inhibited the IKK/IκB/NF-κB-dependent release of G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF. In conclusion, LNT induces the production of G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF by activating the MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway in BM cells, thereby mitigating THP-induced myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shejiao Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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10
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Pollari E, Savchenko E, Jaronen M, Kanninen K, Malm T, Wojciechowski S, Ahtoniemi T, Goldsteins G, Giniatullina R, Giniatullin R, Koistinaho J, Magga J. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor attenuates inflammation in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:74. [PMID: 21711557 PMCID: PMC3146845 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is protective in animal models of various neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated whether pegfilgrastim, GCSF with sustained action, is protective in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with manifestations of upper and lower motoneuron death and muscle atrophy accompanied by inflammation in the CNS and periphery. METHODS Human mutant G93A superoxide dismutase (SOD1) ALS mice were treated with pegfilgrastim starting at the presymptomatic stage and continued until the end stage. After long-term pegfilgrastim treatment, the inflammation status was defined in the spinal cord and peripheral tissues including hematopoietic organs and muscle. The effect of GCSF on spinal cord neuron survival and microglia, bone marrow and spleen monocyte activation was assessed in vitro. RESULTS Long-term pegfilgrastim treatment prolonged mutant SOD1 mice survival and attenuated both astro- and microgliosis in the spinal cord. Pegfilgrastim in SOD1 mice modulated the inflammatory cell populations in the bone marrow and spleen and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in monocytes and microglia. The mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the circulation was restored back to basal level after long-term pegfilgrastim treatment in SOD1 mice while the storage of Ly6C expressing monocytes in the bone marrow and spleen remained elevated. After pegfilgrastim treatment, an increased proportion of these cells in the degenerative muscle was detected at the end stage of ALS. CONCLUSIONS GCSF attenuated inflammation in the CNS and the periphery in a mouse model of ALS and thereby delayed the progression of the disease. This mechanism of action targeting inflammation provides a new perspective of the usage of GCSF in the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveliina Pollari
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Savchenko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Jaronen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Gundars Goldsteins
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Rosas M, Gordon S, Taylor PR. Characterisation of the expression and function of the GM-CSF receptor alpha-chain in mice. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2518-28. [PMID: 17694571 PMCID: PMC2699419 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine able to regulate a variety of cell functions including differentiation of macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cell development and the maintenance of homeostasis. It binds specifically to its receptor, which is composed of a cytokine-specific α-chain (GM-CSF receptor α-chain, GMRα) and a β-chain shared with the receptors for interleukin-3 and interleukin-5. In this report, we present a comprehensive study of GMRα in the mouse. We have found that the mouse GMRα is polymorphic and alternatively spliced. In the absence of specific antibodies, we generated a novel chimeric protein containing the Fc fragment of human IgG1 coupled to mouse GM-CSF, which was able to specifically bind to GMRα and induce proliferation of GMRα-transduced Ba/F3 cells. We used this reagent to perform the first detailed FACS study of the surface expression of mouse GMRα by leucocytes. Highest expression was found on monocytes and granulocytes, and variable expression on tissue macrophages. The GM-CSF receptor in mice is specifically expressed by myeloid cells and is useful for the detection of novel uncharacterised myeloid populations. The ability to detect GM-CSF receptor expression in experimental studies should greatly facilitate the analysis of its role in immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rosas
- Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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12
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Glasser L, Legolvan M, Horwitz HM. Florid histiocytic hemophagocytosis following therapy with long acting G-CSF (pegfilgrastim). Am J Hematol 2007; 82:753-7. [PMID: 17315211 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of histiocytic hemophagocytosis and increase in blasts in the bone marrow after administration of long acting G-CSF (pegfilgrastim) in a 71-year-old man with underlying myelodysplasia. Pegfilgrastim was discontinued, with resolution of the hemophagocytosis and marked decrease in blasts from 30 to 5%. We postulate that pegfilgrastim provided a continuous stimulation of the monocyte/macrophage system, resulting in histiocytic hemophagocytosis. We recommend caution in defining indications for the use of long acting preparations of G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Glasser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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13
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Moon HW, Shin S, Kim HY, Kim YR, Cho HI, Yoon SS, Park S, Kim BK, Chun H, Kim HC, Park CJ, Min YH, Lee DS. Therapeutic use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor could conceal residual malignant cells in patients with AML1/ETO+ acute myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia 2006; 20:1408-13. [PMID: 16791271 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have experienced a number of cases of AML1/ETO+ acute myelogenous leukemia that showed remission based on bone marrow (BM) morphological criteria, but that revealed clonal abnormalities in most cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interestingly, most of these cases had AML with AML1/ETO rearrangement. The malignant cells were differentiated and considered mature cells after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. To clarify the possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we investigated the expression levels of G-CSFR in AML cells with AML1/ETO rearrangement by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of AML1/ETO+ cells expressing G-CSFR at baseline was significantly higher than that of AML1/ETO- AML cells (2673 vs 522). In addition, the G-CSFR gene was more highly expressed in AML1/ETO+ cells than in AML1/ETO- cells by real-time PCR. This study reveals that cases showing remission after treatment with G-CSF mostly had leukemia with AML1/ETO rearrangement. This finding might be explained by the higher expression of G-CSF receptor in AML1/ETO+ cells than in AML1/ETO- cells. We recommend that remission should be confirmed by FISH, because malignant clones can be differentiated and masked in morphological examination or chromosome test, especially for AML with AML1/ETO rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womens University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Hartung T, Von Aulock S, Schneider C, Faist E. How to leverage an endogenous immune defense mechanism: the example of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:S65-75. [PMID: 12544979 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200301001-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of host defense has exploded during the past two decades. It is temping to take advantage of this knowledge by considering the modulation and control of these mechanisms as therapeutic options. In intensive care medicine, the aim is usually to block an overwhelming inflammatory response, which represents the "bad" side of the double-edged sword of host defense. The obvious danger of such treatment strategies is that impairing the inflammatory reaction means impairing host defense in patients exposed to infectious agents. The alternative approach, i.e., strengthening or supplementing favorable host defense mechanism, has so far been little explored clinically. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, combines the unique properties of an anti-infectious and an anti-inflammatory factor. This attractive profile has led us to various approaches to exploit these immunomodulatory activities. In a recently terminated, placebo-controlled, randomized study, we investigated if prophylactic treatment with rh granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Filgrastim), at the time a risk can be anticipated such as before an operation, may offer protection from immunoinflammatory dyshomeostasis and thus lower the incidence of postoperative sepsis. Perioperative rh granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration, compared with placebo treatment, resulted in the prevention of postoperative monocyte deactivation, conservation of an adequate Th1/Th2 ratio, as well as a considerable alleviation of the acute phase response. In parallel, there was a clear tendency toward lowering the rate of postoperative septic complications under the administration of Filgrastim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartung
- Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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15
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Yanagisawa K, Seino KI, Ishikawa Y, Nozue M, Todoroki T, Fukao K. Impaired proliferative response of V alpha 24 NKT cells from cancer patients against alpha-galactosylceramide. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:6494-9. [PMID: 12055270 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human invariant V alpha 24(+) NKT cells are a relatively new subpopulation of lymphocytes. It has been reported that V alpha 24 NKT cells are significantly involved in some human diseases. We have evaluated the number and function of V alpha 24 NKT cells in both healthy volunteers and cancer patients. In this study we found that V alpha 24 NKT cells in unfractionated PBMCs obtained from cancer patients did not respond efficiently to alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) in vitro. Thus, their proportion after stimulation with alpha-GalCer was smaller than that found in healthy volunteers. However, the cancer patients' V alpha 24 NKT cells retained cytotoxic activity against malignant target cells, and they could efficiently proliferate to alpha-GalCer when fractionated by sorting. Furthermore, we found that addition of G-CSF to the culture could restore the low proliferative response of V alpha 24 NKT cells from cancer patients. These results suggest that some functions of NKT cells in cancer patients are impaired, and this observation carries significant implications for immunotherapy-based cancer treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Galactosylceramides/pharmacology
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Count
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yanagisawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan
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