1
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Lusby R, Zhang Z, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK. Decoding gene regulatory circuitry underlying TNBC chemoresistance reveals biomarkers for therapy response and therapeutic targets. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:64. [PMID: 38472332 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype characterised by extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, high rates of metastasis and chemoresistance, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Despite progress, the mechanistic basis of chemotherapy resistance in TNBC patients remains poorly understood. Here, leveraging single-cell transcriptome datasets of matched longitudinal TNBC chemoresponsive and chemoresistant patient cohorts, we unravel distinct cell subpopulations intricately associated with chemoresistance and the signature genes defining these populations. Notably, using genome-wide mapping of the H3K27ac mark, we show that the expression of these chemoresistance genes is driven via a set of TNBC super-enhancers and associated transcription factor networks across TNBC subtypes. Furthermore, genetic screens reveal that a subset of these transcription factors is essential for the survival of TNBC cells, and their loss increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, our study has revealed epigenetic and transcription factor networks underlying chemoresistance and suggests novel avenues to stratify and improve the treatment of patients with a high risk of developing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lusby
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Odense M, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
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2
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Hamelin B, Obradović MMS, Sethi A, Kloc M, Münst S, Beisel C, Eschbach K, Kohler H, Soysal S, Vetter M, Weber WP, Stadler MB, Bentires-Alj M. Single-cell Analysis Reveals Inter- and Intratumour Heterogeneity in Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:26. [PMID: 38066300 PMCID: PMC10709262 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths of breast cancer patients. Some cancer cells in a tumour go through successive steps, referred to as the metastatic cascade, and give rise to metastases at a distant site. We know that the plasticity and heterogeneity of cancer cells play critical roles in metastasis but the precise underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here we aimed to identify molecular mechanisms of metastasis during colonization, one of the most important yet poorly understood steps of the cascade. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) on tumours and matched lung macrometastases of patient-derived xenografts of breast cancer. After correcting for confounding factors such as the cell cycle and the percentage of detected genes (PDG), we identified cells in three states in both tumours and metastases. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed biological processes specific to proliferation and invasion in two states. Our findings suggest that these states are a balance between epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions (MET) traits that results in so-called partial EMT phenotypes. Analysis of the top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these cell states revealed a common set of partial EMT transcription factors (TFs) controlling gene expression, including ZNF750, OVOL2, TP63, TFAP2C and HEY2. Our data suggest that the TFs related to EMT delineate different cell states in tumours and metastases. The results highlight the marked interpatient heterogeneity of breast cancer but identify common features of single cells from five models of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Hamelin
- Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milan M S Obradović
- Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- , Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atul Sethi
- Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- , Roche, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Kloc
- Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Münst
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katja Eschbach
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus Kohler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas Soysal
- Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Vetter
- Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter P Weber
- Breast Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Stadler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Niu Z, Sun P, Liu H, Wei P, Wu J, Huang Z, Gross ND, Shete S, Wei Q, Zafereo ME, Calin GA, Li G. Functional Genetic Variants in TGFβ1 and TGFβR1 in miRNA-Binding Sites Predict Outcomes in Patients with HPV-positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3081-3091. [PMID: 37327315 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE TGFβ1 and TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1) participate in regulation of the host's immune system and inflammatory responses and may serve as prognostic biomarkers for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study included 1,013 patients with incident OPSCC, of whom 489 had tumor HPV16 status determined. All patients were genotyped for two functional polymorphisms: TGFβ1 rs1800470 and TGFβR1 rs334348. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to evaluate associations between the polymorphisms and overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Patients with TGFβ1 rs1800470 CT or CC genotype had 70%-80% reduced risks of OS, DSS, and DFS compared with patients with TT genotype, and patients with TGFβR1 rs334348 GA or GG genotype had 30%-40% reduced risk of OS, DSS, and DFS compared with patients with AA genotype. Furthermore, among patients with HPV-positive (HPV+) OPSCC, the same patterns were observed but the risk reductions were greater: up to 80%-90% for TGFβ1 rs1800470 CT or CC genotype and 70%-85% for TGFβR1 rs334348 GA or GG genotype. The risk reductions were still greater (up to 17 to 25 times reduced) for patients with both TGFβ1 rs1800470 CT or CC genotype and TGFβR1 rs334348 GA or GG genotype compared with patients with both TGFβ1 rs1800470 TT genotype and TGFβR1 rs334348 AA genotype among patients with HPV+ OPSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that TGFβ1 rs1800470 and TGFβR1 rs334348 may individually or jointly modify risks of death and recurrence in patients with OPSCC, particularly those with HPV+ OPSCC undergoing definitive radiotherapy, and may serve as prognostic biomarkers, which could lead to better personalized treatment and improved prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Neil D Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark E Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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4
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Githaka JM, Pirayeshfard L, Goping IS. Cancer invasion and metastasis: Insights from murine pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130375. [PMID: 37150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related mortality. A better understanding of the players that drive the aberrant invasion and migration of tumors cells will provide critical targets to inhibit metastasis. Postnatal pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis is characterized by highly proliferative, invasive, and migratory normal epithelial cells. Identifying the molecular regulators of pubertal gland development is a promising strategy since tumorigenesis and metastasis is postulated to be a consequence of aberrant reactivation of developmental stages. In this review, we summarize the pubertal morphogenesis regulators that are involved in cancer metastasis and revisit pubertal mammary gland transcriptome profiling to uncover both known and unknown metastasis genes. Our updated list of pubertal morphogenesis regulators shows that most are implicated in invasion and metastasis. This review highlights molecular linkages between development and metastasis and provides a guide for exploring novel metastatic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Leila Pirayeshfard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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5
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Jin C, Luo Y, Liang Z, Li X, Kołat D, Zhao L, Xiong W. Crucial role of the transcription factors family activator protein 2 in cancer: current clue and views. J Transl Med 2023; 21:371. [PMID: 37291585 PMCID: PMC10249218 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor family activator protein 2 (TFAP2) is vital for regulating both embryonic and oncogenic development. The TFAP2 family consists of five DNA-binding proteins, including TFAP2A, TFAP2B, TFAP2C, TFAP2D and TFAP2E. The importance of TFAP2 in tumor biology is becoming more widely recognized. While TFAP2D is not well studied, here, we mainly focus on the other four TFAP2 members. As a transcription factor, TFAP2 regulates the downstream targets directly by binding to their regulatory region. In addition, the regulation of downstream targets by epigenetic modification, posttranslational regulation, and interaction with noncoding RNA have also been identified. According to the pathways in which the downstream targets are involved in, the regulatory effects of TFAP2 on tumorigenesis are generally summarized as follows: stemness and EMT, interaction between TFAP2 and tumor microenvironment, cell cycle and DNA damage repair, ER- and ERBB2-related signaling pathway, ferroptosis and therapeutic response. Moreover, the factors that affect TFAP2 expression in oncogenesis are also summarized. Here, we review and discuss the most recent studies on TFAP2 and its effects on carcinogenesis and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiao Luo
- University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhu Liang
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Linyong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Szmajda-Krygier D, Krygier A, Żebrowska-Nawrocka M, Pietrzak J, Świechowski R, Wosiak A, Jeleń A, Balcerczak E. Differential Expression of AP-2 Transcription Factors Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Bioinformatics Study. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040667. [PMID: 36831334 PMCID: PMC9954805 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the activator protein 2 (AP-2) transcription factor (TF) family are known to play a role in both physiological processes and cancer development. The family comprises five DNA-binding proteins encoded by the TFAP2A to TFAP2E genes. Numerous scientific reports describe differential expression of these TF and their genes in various types of cancer, identifying among them a potential oncogene or suppressor like TFAP2A or TFAP2C. Other reports suggest their influence on disease development and progression, as well as response to treatment. Not all members of this AP-2 family have been comprehensively studied thus far. The aim of the present article is to gather and discuss knowledge available in bioinformatics databases regarding all five members of this family and to differentiate them in relation to the two most common lung cancer subtypes: adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In addition, to assess the difference in levels depending on a number of clinicopathological factors, the impact on patient survival and interactions with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. This article may help to identify the target for further original research that may contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers and define the molecular differences between LUAD and LUSC, which may affect the therapy effectiveness improvement and longer survival.
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7
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Kleine L, Rojas A. Lung Cancer Gene Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors Related to the Hallmarks of Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:434-464. [PMID: 36661515 PMCID: PMC9857713 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptomic analysis of microarray and RNA-Seq datasets followed our own bioinformatic pipeline to identify a transcriptional regulatory network of lung cancer. Twenty-six transcription factors are dysregulated and co-expressed in most of the lung cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension datasets, which makes them the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors. Co-expression, gene regulatory, coregulatory, and transcriptional regulatory networks, along with fibration symmetries, were constructed to identify common connection patterns, alignments, main regulators, and target genes in order to analyze transcription factor complex formation, as well as its synchronized co-expression patterns in every type of lung cancer. The regulatory function of the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors over lung cancer deregulated genes was validated with ChEA3 enrichment analysis. A Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis linked the dysregulation of the top transcription factors with lung cancer patients' survival. Our results indicate that lung cancer has unique and common deregulated genes and transcription factors with pulmonary arterial hypertension, co-expressed and regulated in a coordinated and cooperative manner by the transcriptional regulatory network that might be associated with critical biological processes and signaling pathways related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer, making them potentially relevant tumor biomarkers for lung cancer early diagnosis and targets for the development of personalized therapies against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Andrea Otálora-Otálora
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Liliana López-Kleine
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110211, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
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8
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Trelford CB, Dagnino L, Di Guglielmo GM. Transforming growth factor-β in tumour development. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:991612. [PMID: 36267157 PMCID: PMC9577372 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.991612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a ubiquitous cytokine essential for embryonic development and postnatal tissue homeostasis. TGFβ signalling regulates several biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, immune function, and tissue repair following injury. Aberrant TGFβ signalling has been implicated in tumour progression and metastasis. Tumour cells, in conjunction with their microenvironment, may augment tumourigenesis using TGFβ to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, immune suppression, and autophagy. Therapies that target TGFβ synthesis, TGFβ-TGFβ receptor complexes or TGFβ receptor kinase activity have proven successful in tissue culture and in animal models, yet, due to limited understanding of TGFβ biology, the outcomes of clinical trials are poor. Here, we review TGFβ signalling pathways, the biology of TGFβ during tumourigenesis, and how protein quality control pathways contribute to the tumour-promoting outcomes of TGFβ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Trelford
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Children’s Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gianni M. Di Guglielmo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gianni M. Di Guglielmo,
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9
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Xing J, Chen W, Chen K, Zhu S, Lin F, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Han S, Rao T, Ruan Y, Zhao S, Yu W, Cheng F. TFAP2C Knockdown Sensitizes Bladder Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment via Regulation of EGFR and NF-κB. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194809. [PMID: 36230734 PMCID: PMC9562889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer (BCa) is considered one of the most common neoplasms of the urology system. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been the primary treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic BCa. Nevertheless, cisplatin resistance often limits the treatment of bladder cancer. We expect to find approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in bladder cancer. In recent years, many studies have shown that transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C) acts as a key player in cancer development and and its expression level is closely related to the sensitivity of tumors to cisplatin. Our study investigated whether TFAP2C affects the sensitivity of BCa cells to cisplatin and the possible mechanisms. We found that TFAP2C expression was significantly upregulated in most BCa tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The present study confirmed that TFAP2C knockdown enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin by decreasing cisplatin-induced activation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). Specifically, this study provides a novel approach to improve the efficacy of cisplatin. Abstract Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. Nevertheless, approximately half of patients with BCa are insensitive to cisplatin therapy or develop cisplatin resistance during the treatment process. Therefore, it is especially crucial to investigate ways to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin. Transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C) is involved in cancer development and chemotherapy sensitivity. However, its relationship with chemotherapy has not been studied in BCa. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of TFAP2C in human BCa. Results based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GTEx (The Genotype-Tissue Expression) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) data showed that TFAP2C expression was upregulated in BCa tissues and that its high expression was associated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, we demonstrated the overexpression of TFAP2C in BCa clinical specimens. Subsequently, in vitro, we knocked down TFAP2C in BCa cells and found that TFAP2C knockdown further increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis caused by cisplatin. In addition, the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on BCa cell migration and invasion was enhanced by TFAP2C knockdown. Our data indicated that cisplatin increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation levels, but TFAP2C knockdown suppressed this effect. Finally, in vivo data further validated these findings. Our study showed that TFAP2C knockdown affected the activation levels of EGFR and NF-κB and enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin in vivo and in vitro. This provides a new direction to improve the efficacy of traditional cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xing
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shaoming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fangyou Lin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yucheng Qi
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shangting Han
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (F.C.)
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (F.C.)
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10
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Zhang Y, Mostafa AAA, Sriboonvorakul N, Hu J. Roles of activator protein-2 gamma in breast cancer: A narrative review (SANRA). Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30587. [PMID: 36197225 PMCID: PMC9509159 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator protein-2 gamma (AP-2γ) is a crucial transcription factor involved in breast cancer development. Abnormal expression and activity of AP-2γ have also been identified as important markers of malignancy. In the last decade, the importance of AP-2γ in breast cancer progression has been widely studied. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of AP-2γ in breast cancer oncogenesis and progression and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and drug target in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Asal AA Mostafa
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- *Correspondence: Jiamiao Hu, Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (e-mail: )
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11
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Identifying General Tumor and Specific Lung Cancer Biomarkers by Transcriptomic Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071082. [PMID: 36101460 PMCID: PMC9313083 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bioinformatic pipeline previously developed in our research laboratory is used to identify potential general and specific deregulated tumor genes and transcription factors related to the establishment and progression of tumoral diseases, now comparing lung cancer with other two types of cancer. Twenty microarray datasets were selected and analyzed separately to identify hub differentiated expressed genes and compared to identify all the deregulated genes and transcription factors in common between the three types of cancer and those unique to lung cancer. The winning DEGs analysis allowed to identify an important number of TFs deregulated in the majority of microarray datasets, which can become key biomarkers of general tumors and specific to lung cancer. A coexpression network was constructed for every dataset with all deregulated genes associated with lung cancer, according to DAVID’s tool enrichment analysis, and transcription factors capable of regulating them, according to oPOSSUM´s tool. Several genes and transcription factors are coexpressed in the networks, suggesting that they could be related to the establishment or progression of the tumoral pathology in any tissue and specifically in the lung. The comparison of the coexpression networks of lung cancer and other types of cancer allowed the identification of common connectivity patterns with deregulated genes and transcription factors correlated to important tumoral processes and signaling pathways that have not been studied yet to experimentally validate their role in lung cancer. The Kaplan–Meier estimator determined the association of thirteen deregulated top winning transcription factors with the survival of lung cancer patients. The coregulatory analysis identified two top winning transcription factors networks related to the regulatory control of gene expression in lung and breast cancer. Our transcriptomic analysis suggests that cancer has an important coregulatory network of transcription factors related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, lung cancer has a group of genes and transcription factors unique to pulmonary tissue that are coexpressed during tumorigenesis and must be studied experimentally to fully understand their role in the pathogenesis within its very complex transcriptomic scenario. Therefore, the downstream bioinformatic analysis developed was able to identify a coregulatory metafirm of cancer in general and specific to lung cancer taking into account the great heterogeneity of the tumoral process at cellular and population levels.
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. Determination of WWOX Function in Modulating Cellular Pathways Activated by AP-2α and AP-2γ Transcription Factors in Bladder Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091382. [PMID: 35563688 PMCID: PMC9106060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the invention of high-throughput sequencing, cancer research focused on investigating disease-related alterations, often inadvertently omitting tumor heterogeneity. This research was intended to limit the impact of heterogeneity on conclusions related to WWOX/AP-2α/AP-2γ in bladder cancer which differently influenced carcinogenesis. The study examined the signaling pathways regulated by WWOX-dependent AP-2 targets in cell lines as biological replicates using high-throughput sequencing. RT-112, HT-1376 and CAL-29 cell lines were subjected to two stable lentiviral transductions. Following CAGE-seq and differential expression analysis, the most important genes were identified and functionally annotated. Western blot was performed to validate the selected observations. The role of genes in biological processes was assessed and networks were visualized. Ultimately, principal component analysis was performed. The studied genes were found to be implicated in MAPK, Wnt, Ras, PI3K-Akt or Rap1 signaling. Data from pathways were collected, explaining the differences/similarities between phenotypes. FGFR3, STAT6, EFNA1, GSK3B, PIK3CB and SOS1 were successfully validated at the protein level. Afterwards, a definitive network was built using 173 genes. Principal component analysis revealed that the various expression of these genes explains the phenotypes. In conclusion, the current study certified that the signaling pathways regulated by WWOX and AP-2α have more in common than that regulated by AP-2γ. This is because WWOX acts as an EMT inhibitor, AP-2γ as an EMT enhancer while AP-2α as a MET inducer. Therefore, the relevance of AP-2γ in targeted therapy is now more evident. Some of the differently regulated genes can find application in bladder cancer treatment.
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Mohammadi Ghahhari N, Sznurkowska MK, Hulo N, Bernasconi L, Aceto N, Picard D. Cooperative interaction between ERα and the EMT-inducer ZEB1 reprograms breast cancer cells for bone metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2104. [PMID: 35440541 PMCID: PMC9018728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to contribute to the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells. EMT-promoting transcription factors determine a continuum of different EMT states. In contrast, estrogen receptor α (ERα) helps to maintain the epithelial phenotype of breast cancer cells and its expression is crucial for effective endocrine therapies. Determining whether and how EMT-associated transcription factors such as ZEB1 modulate ERα signaling during early stages of EMT could promote the discovery of therapeutic approaches to suppress metastasis. Here we show that, shortly after induction of EMT and while cells are still epithelial, ZEB1 modulates ERα-mediated transcription induced by estrogen or cAMP signaling in breast cancer cells. Based on these findings and our ex vivo and xenograft results, we suggest that the functional interaction between ZEB1 and ERα may alter the tissue tropism of metastatic breast cancer cells towards bone. The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in the metastatic spread of cancer cells. Here, the authors show that the EMT transcription factor, ZEB1, can modify estrogen receptor α during EMT and facilitate the migration of breast cancer cells to the bone
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Université de Genève, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Lilia Bernasconi
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland.
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Darwish NHE, Glinsky GV, Sudha T, Mousa SA. Targeting Thyrointegrin αvβ3 Using Fluorobenzyl Polyethylene Glycol Conjugated Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid (NP751) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 11:793810. [PMID: 35155195 PMCID: PMC8828484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.793810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor long-term survival, even with newer therapeutic agents. Here, we show the results of our preclinical study, in which we evaluated the efficacy of a new thyrointegrin αvβ3 antagonist, named fluorobenzyl polyethylene glycol conjugated tetraiodothyroacetic acid (fb-PMT). Methods and Results fb-PMT (NP751) is a potent αvβ3 antagonist of molecular weight of 2,478.9 Da. it represents a conjugate of tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and monodisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG36), with a 4-fluorobenzyl group capping the other end of the PEG. fb-PMT effectively suppresses the malignant growth of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after successful engraftment in transgenic NSG-S xenograft mouse models of either established human AML cell line or primary AML cells. Daily treatment with fb-PMT (1–10 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously (s.c.) for 3–4 weeks was associated with marked regression of leukemogenesis and extended survival in both models. The efficiency of the fb-PMT therapy was verified using in vivo imaging system (IVIS) imaging, flow cytometry, and histopathological examination to monitor the engraftment of leukemic cells in the bone marrow and other organs. fb-PMT therapy for 3–4 weeks at 3 and 10 mg/kg daily doses exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.0001) of leukemic cell burden of 74% and >95%, respectively. All fb-PMT-treated mice in the 10 mg/kg treatment arm successfully maintained remission after discontinuing the daily treatment. Comprehensive fb-PMT safety assessments demonstrated excellent safety and tolerability at multiple folds above the anticipated human therapeutic doses. Lastly, our genome-wide microarray screens demonstrated that fb-PMT works through the molecular interference mechanism with multiple signaling pathways contributing to growth and survival of leukemic cells. Conclusion Our preclinical findings of the potent anticancer activities of fb-PMT and its favorable safety profiles warrant its clinical investigation for the effective and safe management of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureldien H E Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States.,Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gennadi V Glinsky
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
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The Induced Expression of BPV E4 Gene in Equine Adult Dermal Fibroblast Cells as a Potential Model of Skin Sarcoid-like Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041970. [PMID: 35216085 PMCID: PMC8877312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The equine sarcoid is one of the most common neoplasias in the Equidae family. Despite the association of this tumor with the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV), the molecular mechanism of this lesion has not been fully understood. The transgenization of equine adult cutaneous fibroblast cells (ACFCs) was accomplished by nucleofection, followed by detection of molecular modifications using high-throughput NGS transcriptome sequencing. The results of the present study confirm that BPV-E4- and BPV-E1^E4-mediated nucleofection strategy significantly affected the transcriptomic alterations, leading to sarcoid-like neoplastic transformation of equine ACFCs. Furthermore, the results of the current investigation might contribute to the creation of in vitro biomedical models suitable for estimating the fates of molecular dedifferentiability and the epigenomic reprogrammability of BPV-E4 and BPV-E4^E1 transgenic equine ACFC-derived sarcoid-like cell nuclei in equine somatic cell-cloned embryos. Additionally, these in vitro models seem to be reliable for thoroughly recognizing molecular mechanisms that underlie not only oncogenic alterations in transcriptomic signatures, but also the etiopathogenesis of epidermal and dermal sarcoid-dependent neoplastic transformations in horses and other equids. For those reasons, the aforementioned transgenic models might be useful for devising clinical treatments in horses afflicted with sarcoid-related neoplasia of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues.
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Chen X, Wang Z, Huang Y, Deng W, Zhou Y, Chu M. Identification of novel biomarkers for arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty in animal models and clinical patients. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103486. [PMID: 34311327 PMCID: PMC8325099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arthrofibrosis is a debilitating complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) which becomes a considerable burden for both patients and clinical practitioners. Our study aimed to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for drug discovery. Methods Potential biomarker genes were identified based on bioinformatic analysis. Twelve male New Zealand white rabbits underwent surgical fixation of unilateral knees to mimics the joint immobilization of the clinical scenario after TKA surgery. Macroscopic assessment, hydroxyproline content determination, and histological analysis of tissue were performed separately after 3-days, 1-week, 2-weeks, and 4-weeks of fixation. We also enrolled 46 arthrofibrosis patients and 92 controls to test the biomarkers. Clinical information such as sex, age, range of motion (ROM), and visual analogue scale (VAS) was collected by experienced surgeons Findings Base on bioinformatic analysis, transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) was identified as the potential biomarkers. The level of TGFBR1 was significantly raised in the rabbit synovial tissue after 4-weeks of fixation (p<0.05). TGFBR1 also displayed a highly positive correlation with ROM loss and hydroxyproline contents in the animal model. TGFBR1 showed a significantly higher expression level in arthrofibrosis patients with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under curve (AUC) of 0.838. TGFBR1 also performed positive correlations with VAS baseline (0.83) and VAS after 1 year (0.76) while negatively correlated with ROM baseline (-0.76) in clinical patients. Interpretation Our findings provided novel biomarkers for arthrofibrosis diagnosis and uncovered the role of TGFBR1. This may contribute to arthrofibrosis prevention and therapeutic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Adult Joint Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Jishuitan Orthopaedic College of Tsinghua University, 31 East Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100035, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University). Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolun Wang
- Department of Adult Joint Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Jishuitan Orthopaedic College of Tsinghua University, 31 East Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Adult Joint Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Jishuitan Orthopaedic College of Tsinghua University, 31 East Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Wang Deng
- Department of Adult Joint Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Jishuitan Orthopaedic College of Tsinghua University, 31 East Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- Department of Adult Joint Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Jishuitan Orthopaedic College of Tsinghua University, 31 East Xinjiekou Street, Beijing 100035, China.
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University). Beijing, China.
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. WWOX Loses the Ability to Regulate Oncogenic AP-2γ and Synergizes with Tumor Suppressor AP-2α in High-Grade Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122957. [PMID: 34204827 PMCID: PMC8231628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytogenic locus of the WWOX gene overlaps with the second most active fragile site, FRA16D, which is present at a higher frequency in bladder cancer (BLCA) patients with smoking habit, a known risk factor of this tumor. Recently, we demonstrated the relevance of the role of WWOX in grade 2 BLCA in collaboration with two AP-2 transcription factors whose molecular actions supported or opposed pro-cancerous events, suggesting a distinct character. As further research is needed on higher grades, the aim of the present study was to examine WWOX-AP-2 functionality in grade 3 and 4 BLCA using equivalent in vitro methodology with additional transcriptome profiling of cellular variants. WWOX and AP-2α demonstrated similar anti-cancer functionality in most biological processes with subtle differences in MMP-2/9 regulation; this contradicted that of AP-2γ, whose actions potentiated cancer progression. Simultaneous overexpression of WWOX and AP-2α/AP-2γ revealed that single discrepancies appear in WWOX-AP-2α collaboration but only at the highest BLCA grade; WWOX-AP-2α collaboration was considered anti-cancer. However, WWOX only appeared to have residual activity against oncogenic AP-2γ in grade 3 and 4: variants with either AP-2γ overexpression alone or combined WWOX and AP-2γ overexpression demonstrated similar pro-tumoral behavior. Transcriptome profiling with further gene ontology certified biological processes investigated in vitro and indicated groups of genes consisting of AP-2 targets and molecules worth investigation as biomarkers. In conclusion, tumor suppressor synergism between WWOX and AP-2α is unimpaired in high-grade BLCA compared to intermediate grade, yet the ability of WWOX to guide oncogenic AP-2γ is almost completely lost.
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Liu J, Liu Z, Li M, Tang W, Pratap UP, Luo Y, Altwegg KA, Li X, Zou Y, Zhu H, Sareddy GR, Viswanadhapalli S, Vadlamudi RK. Interaction of transcription factor AP-2 gamma with proto-oncogene PELP1 promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing RET signaling. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1146-1161. [PMID: 33269540 PMCID: PMC8024722 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) initially responds to endocrine therapy but eventually evolves into therapy-resistant BC. Transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C) is a known regulator of ER activity, and high expression of TFAP2C is associated with a decreased response to endocrine therapies. PELP1 is a nuclear receptor coregulator, commonly overexpressed in BC, and its levels are correlated with poorer survival. In this study, we identified PELP1 as a novel interacting protein of TFAP2C. RNA-seq analysis of PELP1 knockdown BC cells followed by transcription factor motif prediction pointed to TFAP2C being enriched in PELP1-regulated genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the TFAP2C-PELP1 axis induced a subset of common genes. Reporter gene assays confirmed PELP1 functions as a coactivator of TFAP2C. Mechanistic studies showed that PELP1-mediated changes in histone methylation contributed to increased expression of the TFAP2C target gene RET. Furthermore, the TFAP2C-PELP1 axis promoted the activation of the RET signaling pathway, which contributed to downstream activation of AKT and ERK pathways in ER+ BC cells. Concomitantly, knockdown of PELP1 attenuated these effects mediated by TFAP2C. Overexpression of TFAP2C contributed to increased cell proliferation and therapy resistance in ER+ BC models, while knockdown of PELP1 mitigated these effects. Utilizing ZR75-TFAP2C xenografts with or without PELP1 knockdown, we provided genetic evidence that endogenous PELP1 is essential for TFAP2C-driven BC progression in vivo. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that PELP1 plays a critical role in TFAP2C transcriptional and tumorigenic functions in BC and blocking the PELP1-TFAP2C axis could have utility for treating therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Liu
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Zexuan Liu
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Mengxing Li
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Weiwei Tang
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAffiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Yiliao Luo
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Kristin A. Altwegg
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Xiaonan Li
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research InstituteUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
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Noncoding RNAs Associated with Therapeutic Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030263. [PMID: 33799952 PMCID: PMC7998345 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is an inevitable impediment towards effective cancer therapies. Evidence accumulated has shown that the signaling pathways and related factors are fundamentally responsible for therapeutic resistance via regulating diverse cellular events, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, cell survival/apoptosis, autophagy, etcetera. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as essential cellular components in gene regulation. The expression of ncRNAs is altered in cancer, and dysregulated ncRNAs participate in gene regulatory networks in pathological contexts. An in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of therapeutic resistance is required to refine therapeutic benefits. This review presents an overview of the recent evidence concerning the role of human ncRNAs in therapeutic resistance, together with the feasibility of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y, Wu T. Role and clinical significance of TGF‑β1 and TGF‑βR1 in malignant tumors (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:55. [PMID: 33604683 PMCID: PMC7895515 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance and growth of malignant tumors is a complicated process that is regulated by a number of genes. In recent years, studies have revealed that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway serves an important role in cell cycle regulation, growth and development, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and immune response. Notably, two members of the TGF-β signaling pathway, TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 promote proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells by activating other signaling pathways, signaling molecules or microRNAs (miRs), such as the NF-κB signaling pathway and miR-133b. In addition, some inhibitors targeting TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 have exhibited positive effects in in vitro experiments. The present review discusses the association between TGF-β1 or TGF-βR1 and tumors, and the development of some inhibitors, hoping to provide more approaches to help identify novel tumor markers to restrain and cure tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. Fragile Gene WWOX Guides TFAP2A/ TFAP2C-Dependent Actions Against Tumor Progression in Grade II Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621060. [PMID: 33718178 PMCID: PMC7947623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of common fragile sites is associated with no-accidental chromosomal instability which occurs prior to carcinogenesis. The WWOX gene spans the second most active fragile site: FRA16D. Chromosomal breakage at this site is more common in bladder cancer patients who are tobacco smokers which suggests the importance of WWOX gene loss regarding bladder carcinogenesis. Tryptophan domains of WWOX are known to recognize motifs of other proteins such as AP-2α and AP-2γ allowing protein-protein interactions. While the roles of both AP-2 transcription factors are important for bladder carcinogenesis, their nature is different. Based on the literature, AP-2γ appears to be oncogenic, whereas AP-2α mainly exhibits tumor suppressor character. Presumably, the interaction between WWOX and both transcription factors regulates thousands of genes, hence the aim of the present study was to determine WWOX, AP-2α, and AP-2γ function in modulating biological processes of bladder cancer. METHODS RT-112 cell line (grade II bladder cancer) was subjected to two stable lentiviral transductions. Overall, this resulted in six variants to investigate distinct WWOX, AP-2α, or AP-2γ function as well as WWOX in collaboration with a particular transcription factor. Cellular models were examined with immunocytochemical staining and in terms of differences in biological processes using assays investigating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, clonogenicity, migration, activity of metalloproteinases and 3D culture growth. RESULTS WWOX overexpression increased apoptosis but decreased cell viability, migration and large spatial colonies. AP-2α overexpression decreased tumor cell viability, migratory potential, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and clonogenicity. AP-2γ overexpression decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity but increased wound healing, adhesion, clonogenicity and spatial colony formation. WWOX and AP-2α overexpression induced apoptosis but decreased cell viability, adhesion, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, overall number of cultured colonies and migration rate. WWOX and AP-2γ overexpression decreased tumor cell viability, proliferation potential, adhesion, clonogenicity and the ability to create spatial structures, but also increased apoptosis or migration rate. CONCLUSION Co-overexpression of WWOX with AP-2α or WWOX with AP-2γ resulted in a net anti-tumor effect. However, considering this research findings and the difference between AP-2α and AP-2γ, we suggest that this similarity is due to a divergent behavior of WWOX.
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Wei J, Yin Y, Zhou J, Chen H, Peng J, Yang J, Tang Y. METTL3 potentiates resistance to cisplatin through m 6 A modification of TFAP2C in seminoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11366-11380. [PMID: 32857912 PMCID: PMC7576266 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) rank as the most common malignancy in men aged 20‐34 years, and seminomas are the most type of TGCTs. As a crucial anti‐tumour agent with explicit toxicity, cisplatin may render resistance through intertwined mechanisms, even in disease entities with high curative ratio, such as seminoma. Previously, we established cisplatin‐resistant seminoma TCam‐2 (TCam‐2/CDDP) cells and showed that epigenetic regulations, such as non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) interactions, might orchestrate cell fate decisions in the cisplatin treatment context in seminoma. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification in mRNA. In the present study, we assessed cisplatin resistance in seminoma from the perspective of m6A, another manner of epigenetic modification. The global m6A enrichment of TCam‐2 and TCam‐2/CDDP was depicted. Then, we elucidated whether transcription factor‐activating enhancer‐binding protein 2C (TFAP2C) was functionally m6A‐modified by methyltransferase‐like protein 3 (METTL3), which acted as an m6A ‘writer’, and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), which acted as an m6A ‘reader’. Enhanced stability of TFAP2C mRNA promoted seminoma cell survival under cisplatin treatment burden probably through up‐regulation of DNA repair‐related genes. Hopefully, this study will help improve our understanding of the subtleties of the tumour cellular coping strategy in response to chemotherapy. Targeting factors that are involved in m6A methylation may be an effective strategy for circumventing cisplatin resistance in seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanfei Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingxuan Peng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianfu Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Yao D, Li C, Rajoka MSR, He Z, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang J. P21-Activated Kinase 1: Emerging biological functions and potential therapeutic targets in Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9741-9766. [PMID: 32863957 PMCID: PMC7449905 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p21-Activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a member of serine-threonine kinases family, was initially identified as an interactor of the Rho GTPases RAC1 and CDC42, which affect a wide range of processes associated with cell motility, survival, metabolism, cell cycle, proliferation, transformation, stress, inflammation, and gene expression. Recently, the PAK1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in cancer due to its role in many oncogenic signaling pathways. Many PAK1 inhibitors have been developed as potential preclinical agents for cancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of essential roles that PAK1 plays in cancer, including its structure and autoactivation mechanism, its crucial function from onset to progression to metastasis, metabolism, immune escape and even drug resistance in cancer; endogenous regulators; and cancer-related pathways. We also summarize the reported PAK1 small-molecule inhibitors based on their structure types and their potential application in cancer. In addition, we provide overviews on current progress and future challenges of PAK1 in cancer, hoping to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Sadeghi H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Yassaee VR, Savabkar S, Ghasemian M, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR, Mirfakhraie R. Could CYP24A1 promoter methylation status affect the gene expression in the colorectal cancer patients? Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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25
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Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis for TFAP2 in human lung carcinoma. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:779-789. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Zhuang M, Chaolumen Q, Li L, Chen B, Su Q, Yang Y, Zhang X. MiR-29b-3p cooperates with miR-29c-3p to affect the malignant biological behaviors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via TFAP2C/GPX1 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:511-517. [PMID: 32423796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has illustrated the tumor regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a malignant carcinoma originated from T-cell precursors. However, the possible regulation mechanisms underlying miR-29b/29c-3p in T-ALL have not been interrogated yet. The aim of our study was to probe the association and possible molecular mechanism of miR-29b/29c-3p and Glutathione Peroxidase 1 (GPX1), a predicted highly expressed gene in acute myeloid leukemia (LAML) tissues on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) website. In our paper, it was observed that GPX1 was relatively overexpressed in T-ALL cells, compared with normal T cells. Loss-of-function assays demonstrated that GPX1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and activated the apoptosis in T-ALL cells. Then miR-29b/29c-3p was confirmed to regulate GPX1 mRNA and protein expression via decreasing Transcription Factor AP-2 Gamma (TFAP2C) expression. In summary, miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p targeted TFAP2C so as to repress GPX1 transcription, thereafter inhibiting GPXA expression. In the end, rescue experiments proved the whole regulation mechanism of miR-29b/29c-3p in T-ALL. Overall, the miR-29b/29c-3p -TFAP2C-GPX1 axis helped us to have a better understanding of T-ALL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, NO.1 Gangdao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qiqige Chaolumen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, NO.1 Gangdao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, NO.1 Gangdao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, NO.1 Gangdao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qin Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, NO.1 Gangdao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yinan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, NO.1 Gangdao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, NO.1 Gangdao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Kandasamy G, Danilovtseva EN, Annenkov VV, Krishnan UM. Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:354-369. [PMID: 32190532 PMCID: PMC7061483 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work explores the ability of poly(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI) to complex small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the in vitro efficiency of the formed complexes in A549 lung cancer cells. The polyplex formed was found to exhibit 66% complexation efficiency. The complexation was confirmed by gel retardation assays, FTIR and thermal analysis. The blank PVI polymer was not toxic to cells. The polyplex was found to exhibit excellent internalization and escaped the endosome effectively. The polyplex was more effective than free siRNA in silencing VEGF in lung cancer cells. The silencing of VEGF was quantified using Western blot and was also reflected in the depletion of HIF-1α levels in the cells treated with the polyplex. VEGF silencing by the polyplex was found to augment the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Microarray analysis of the mRNA isolated from cells treated with free siRNA and the polyplex reveal that the VEGF silencing by the polyplex also altered the expression levels of several other genes that have been connected to the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. These results indicate that the PVI complexes can be an effective agent to counter lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Kandasamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elena N Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Szafranski P, Liu Q, Karolak JA, Song X, de Leeuw N, Faas B, Gerychova R, Janku P, Jezova M, Valaskova I, Gibbs KA, Surrey LF, Poisson V, Bérubé D, Oligny LL, Michaud JL, Popek E, Stankiewicz P. Association of rare non-coding SNVs in the lung-specific FOXF1 enhancer with a mitigation of the lethal ACDMPV phenotype. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1301-1311. [PMID: 31686214 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of FOXF1 causes alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), a lethal neonatal lung developmental disorder. We describe two similar heterozygous CNV deletions involving the FOXF1 enhancer and re-analyze FOXF1 missense mutation, all associated with an unexpectedly mitigated disease phenotype. In one case, the deletion of the maternal allele of the FOXF1 enhancer caused pulmonary hypertension and histopathologically diagnosed MPV without the typical ACD features. In the second case, the deletion of the paternal enhancer resulted in ACDMPV rather than the expected neonatal lethality. In both cases, FOXF1 expression in lung tissue was higher than usually seen or expected in patients with similar deletions, suggesting an increased activity of the remaining allele of the enhancer. Sequencing of these alleles revealed two rare SNVs, rs150502618-A and rs79301423-T, mapping to the partially overlapping binding sites for TFAP2s and CTCF in the core region of the enhancer. Moreover, in a family with three histopathologically-diagnosed ACDMPV siblings whose missense FOXF1 mutation was inherited from the healthy non-mosaic carrier mother, we have identified a rare SNV rs28571077-A within 2-kb of the above-mentioned non-coding SNVs in the FOXF1 enhancer in the mother, that was absent in the affected newborns and 13 unrelated ACDMPV patients with CNV deletions of this genomic region. Based on the low population frequencies of these three variants, their absence in ACDMPV patients, the results of reporter assay, RNAi and EMSA experiments, and in silico predictions, we propose that the described SNVs might have acted on FOXF1 enhancer as hypermorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Faas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Gerychova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Janku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Valaskova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lea F Surrey
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginie Poisson
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Bérubé
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc L Oligny
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Edwina Popek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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29
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Furukawa S, Matsuda K, Sugano M, Uehara T, Honda T. NLRP3 upregulation in A549 cells co-cultured with THP-1 macrophages under hypoxia via deregulated TGF-β signaling. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111506. [PMID: 31326388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is one of the key components of the inflammasome. NLRP3 also participates in the regulation of fibrosis independent of the inflammasome. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of upregulation of NLRP3 expression in A549 cells co-cultured with THP-1 macrophages under hypoxia. Upregulation of NLRP3 was suppressed after treatment with inhibitors of TGF-β receptor or p38, but not with inhibitors of the IL-1 receptor and SMAD3. The analysis of downstream molecules of TGF-β signaling in A549 cells co-cultured with THP-1 macrophages under hypoxia showed that TGFBR1 was upregulated and SMAD7 was downregulated. Taken together, these results suggest that the upregulation of NLRP3 in A549 cells is associated with deregulated TGF-β signaling and that the interaction between NLRP3 and TGF-β signaling plays a fundamental role in fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Furukawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Sugano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
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30
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Do H, Kim D, Kang J, Son B, Seo D, Youn H, Youn B, Kim W. TFAP2C increases cell proliferation by downregulating GADD45B and PMAIP1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biol Res 2019; 52:35. [PMID: 31296259 PMCID: PMC6625030 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. NSCLC diagnosed at an early stage can be highly curable with a positive prognosis, but biomarker limitations make it difficult to diagnose lung cancer at an early stage. To identify biomarkers for lung cancer development, we previously focused on the oncogenic roles of transcription factor TFAP2C in lung cancers and revealed the molecular mechanism of several oncogenes in lung tumorigenesis based on TFAP2C-related microarray analysis. Results In this study, we analyzed microarray data to identify tumor suppressor genes and nine genes downregulated by TFAP2C were screened. Among the nine genes, we focused on growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible beta (GADD45B) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (PMAIP1) as representative TFAP2C-regulated tumor suppressor genes. It was observed that overexpressed TFAP2C resulted in inhibition of GADD45B and PMAIP1 expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC cells. In addition, downregulation of GADD45B and PMAIP1 by TFAP2C promoted cell proliferation and cell motility, which are closely associated with NSCLC tumorigenesis. Conclusion This study indicates that GADD45B and PMAIP1 could be promising tumor suppressors for NSCLC and might be useful as prognostic markers for use in NSCLC therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40659-019-0244-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Do
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Seo
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28173, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, 250 Taeseongtabyeon-ro, Gangnae-myeon, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28173, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Yin Q, Wu M, Liu Q, Lv H, Jiang R. DeepHistone: a deep learning approach to predicting histone modifications. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:193. [PMID: 30967126 PMCID: PMC6456942 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Quantitative detection of histone modifications has emerged in the recent years as a major means for understanding such biological processes as chromosome packaging, transcriptional activation, and DNA damage. However, high-throughput experimental techniques such as ChIP-seq are usually expensive and time-consuming, prohibiting the establishment of a histone modification landscape for hundreds of cell types across dozens of histone markers. These disadvantages have been appealing for computational methods to complement experimental approaches towards large-scale analysis of histone modifications. RESULTS We proposed a deep learning framework to integrate sequence information and chromatin accessibility data for the accurate prediction of modification sites specific to different histone markers. Our method, named DeepHistone, outperformed several baseline methods in a series of comprehensive validation experiments, not only within an epigenome but also across epigenomes. Besides, sequence signatures automatically extracted by our method was consistent with known transcription factor binding sites, thereby giving insights into regulatory signatures of histone modifications. As an application, our method was shown to be able to distinguish functional single nucleotide polymorphisms from their nearby genetic variants, thereby having the potential to be used for exploring functional implications of putative disease-associated genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS DeepHistone demonstrated the possibility of using a deep learning framework to integrate DNA sequence and experimental data for predicting epigenomic signals. With the state-of-the-art performance, DeepHistone was expected to shed light on a variety of epigenomic studies. DeepHistone is freely available in https://github.com/QijinYin/DeepHistone .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hairong Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Rui Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division, Beijing National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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32
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. The biological characteristics of transcription factors AP-2α and AP-2γ and their importance in various types of cancers. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181928. [PMID: 30824562 PMCID: PMC6418405 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Activator Protein 2 (AP-2) transcription factor (TF) family is vital for the regulation of gene expression during early development as well as carcinogenesis process. The review focusses on the AP-2α and AP-2γ proteins and their dualistic regulation of gene expression in the process of carcinogenesis. Both AP-2α and AP-2γ influence a wide range of physiological or pathological processes by regulating different pathways and interacting with diverse molecules, i.e. other proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) or miRNAs. This review summarizes the newest information about the biology of two, AP-2α and AP-2γ, TFs in the carcinogenesis process. We emphasize that these two proteins could have either oncogenic or suppressive characteristics depending on the type of cancer tissue or their interaction with specific molecules. They have also been found to contribute to resistance and sensitivity to chemotherapy in oncological patients. A better understanding of molecular network of AP-2 factors and other molecules may clarify the atypical molecular mechanisms occurring during carcinogenesis, and may assist in the recognition of new diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kołat
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Wang H, Lou C, Ma N. miR-140-5p alleviates the aggressive progression of Wilms' tumor through directly targeting TGFBR1 gene. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1641-1651. [PMID: 30863174 PMCID: PMC6389000 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s177508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Although many miRNAs are identified to be deregulated and play vital roles in the progression of Wilms’ tumor (WT), there are still a large number of miRNAs are waiting for us to explore. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the different expressing profiles of miRNAs in WT tissues and the adjacent normal tissues, and probe the effects and mechanism of a certain miRNA among the different expressing miRNAs. Methods miRNA microarray was recruited to assess the differently expressed miRNAs in WT tissues and normal tissues, which was further verified by RT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to calculate the specificity and sensitivity of miRNAs in the diagnose of WT. CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell chamber and tumor-burdened assays were used to assess cell growth, apoptosis, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis. Luciferase report assay was used to evaluate the interaction between miR-140-5p and TGFBR1. Results A total of 34 miRNAs were abnormally expressed in the WT tissues, among which, miR-140-5p was identified to be obviously down-regulated in WT tissues, and the AUC of it was 0.961. Besides, we found that patients with miR-140-5p low expression always had a shorter overall survival and more aggressive clinical features, such as bigger tumor size (P=0.002), higher pathological stage (P=0.003) and higher occurrence rate of lymph node metastasis (P=0.009) than those in patients with miR-140-5p high expression. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay showed that TGFBR1 was the direct target of miR-140-5p, which was negatively regulated by miR-140-5p and was highly expressed in WT tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-140-5p obviously enhanced the proliferation and tumorigenesis and repressed the apoptosis of G401 cells, and these effects were all abolished when TGFBR1 was down-regulated. Conclusion The present study illustrates that miR-140-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in the occurrence and development of WT via targeting TGFBR1, which provides theoretical foundation for serving miR-140-5p as a new diagnosis marker even a therapeutic target for WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China,
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Zhang LL, Jiang XM, Huang MY, Feng ZL, Chen X, Wang Y, Li H, Li A, Lin LG, Lu JJ. Nagilactone E suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:32-39. [PMID: 30599910 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death around the world. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been documented to increase motility and invasiveness of cancer cells, which promotes cancer metastasis. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of the dinorditerpenoids and norditerpenoids isolated from the seeds of Podocarpus nagi against transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT. METHODS A series of dinorditerpenoids and norditerpenoids were isolated from the seeds of P. nagi. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR assays were performed to determine the expression levels of relative proteins and mRNA, along with immunofluorescence, Smad-binding element (SBE)-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays for the mechanism study. Transwell assays were conducted to determine the effect of the compounds on cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Nagilactone E (NLE) showed the superior inhibitory effect against TGF-β1-induced EMT. NLE treatment dramatically inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of EMT markers in A549 cells. Mechanism study indicated that NLE markedly suppressed TGF-β1-induced Smad2 and Smad3 activation and nuclear translocation. SBE-luciferase and ChIP assays showed that NLE inhibited the combining of Smad3 to SBE in the promoters of the cell signaling factors. NLE co-treatment attenuated TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of the protein and mRNA levels of TGF-β receptor TβRI. Furthermore, NLE inhibited TGF-β1-stimulated cell migration and invasion, as well as up-regulation of the key signaling proteins related with migration and invasion. CONCLUSION NLE inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereafter suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT, migration and invasion in NSCLC A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mu-Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhe-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Li
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Lawson J, Dickman C, Towle R, Jabalee J, Javer A, Garnis C. Extracellular vesicle secretion of miR-142-3p from lung adenocarcinoma cells induces tumor promoting changes in the stroma through cell-cell communication. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:376-387. [PMID: 30362621 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of communication between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. EV content is able to influence key tumorigenic changes including invasion, metastasis, and inducing pro-tumor changes in the stroma. MiR-142-3p is a known tumor suppressor in LAC and was recently shown to be enriched within LAC EVs, indicating its potential as a key signaling miRNA. Our research demonstrates the role EV associated miR-142-3p plays when transferred from LAC cells to both endothelial and fibroblast cells. We demonstrate that transfer of miR-142-3p in LAC EVs to endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis through inhibition of TGFβR1. Additionally, we show EV associated miR-142-3p promotes the cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype in lung fibroblast cells which we show is independent of TGFβ signaling. These findings suggest that miR-142-3p within LAC EVs can be transferred from LAC cells to both endothelial and fibroblast cells to promote tumor associated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lawson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher Dickman
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Towle
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Jabalee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ariana Javer
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Park G, Son B, Kang J, Lee S, Jeon J, Kim JH, Yi GR, Youn H, Moon C, Nam SY, Youn B. LDR-Induced miR-30a and miR-30b Target the PAI-1 Pathway to Control Adverse Effects of NSCLC Radiotherapy. Mol Ther 2018; 27:342-354. [PMID: 30424954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been a central part in curing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is possible that not all of the tumor cells are destroyed by radiation; therefore, it is important to effectively control residual tumor cells that could become aggressive and resistant to radiotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of decreased NSCLC radioresistance by low-dose radiation (LDR) pretreatment. The results indicated that miR-30a and miR-30b, which effectively inhibited plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were overexpressed by treatment of LDR to NSCLC cells. Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, the downstream survival signals of PAI-1, was decreased by PAI-1 inhibition. Reduced cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by PAI-1 inhibition were confirmed in NSCLC cells. Moreover, in vivo orthotopic xenograft mouse models with 7C1 nanoparticles to deliver miRNAs showed that tumor growth and aggressiveness were efficiently decreased by LDR treatment followed by radiotherapy. Taken together, the present study suggested that PAI-1, whose expression is regulated by LDR, was critical for controlling surviving tumor cells after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeul Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul 01450, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Wei L, He F, Zhang W, Chen W, Yu B. Bioinformatics analysis of microarray data to reveal the pathogenesis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Biol Res 2018; 51:26. [PMID: 30124166 PMCID: PMC6100713 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the main cause of pediatric brain tumor death. This study was designed to identify key genes associated with DIPG. Methods The gene expression profile GSE50021, which consisted of 35 pediatric DIPG samples and 10 normal brain samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed by the DAVID tool. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and transcription factor (TF)–microRNA (miRNA)–target gene network were constructed using Cytoscape. Moreover, the expression levels of several genes were validated in human glioma cell line U251 and normal glia HEB cells through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results A total of 378 DEGs were screened (74 up-regulated and 304 down-regulated genes). In the PPI network, GRM1, HTR2A, GRM7 and GRM2 had higher degrees. Besides, GRM1 and HTR2A were significantly enriched in the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. In addition, TFAP2C was a significant down-regulated functional gene and hsa-miR-26b-5p had a higher degree in the TF-miRNA-target gene network. PCR analysis revealed that GRM7 and HTR2A were significantly downregulated while TFAP2C was upregulated in U251 cells compared with that in HEB cells (p < 0.001). GRM2 was not detected in cells. Conclusions GRM1 and HTR2A might function in DIPG through the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway and the calcium signaling pathway. Furthermore, the TFAP2C and hsa-miR-26b-5p might play important roles in the development and progression mechanisms of DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, No. 2727, Jinhai Road, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, No. 2727, Jinhai Road, Shanghai, 201209, China.
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Radiation-induced overexpression of transthyretin inhibits retinol-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8394. [PMID: 29849106 PMCID: PMC5976673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is the main therapeutic strategy for treating primary and metastatic brain tumors. However, radiation is well-known to induce several unexpected side effects including emotional disorders. Although radiation-induced depression may cause decreased quality of life after radiotherapy, investigations of its molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies are still insufficient. In this study, we found that behavioral symptoms of depression on mice models with the decrease of BrdU/NeuN- and Dcx-positive populations and MAP-2 expression in hippocampus were induced by cranial irradiation, and transthyretin (TTR) was highly expressed in hippocampus after irradiation. It was shown that overexpression of TTR resulted in the inhibition of retinol-mediated neuritogenesis. PAK1 phosphorylation and MAP-2 expression were significantly reduced by TTR overexpression following irradiation. Moreover, we observed that treatment of allantoin and neferine, the active components of Nelumbo nucifera, interrupted irradiation-induced TTR overexpression, consequently leading to the increase of PAK1 phosphorylation, neurite extension, BrdU/NeuN- and Dcx-positive populations, and MAP-2 expression. Behavioral symptoms of depression following cranial irradiation were also relieved by treatment of allantoin and neferine. These findings demonstrate that TTR plays a critical role in neurogenesis after irradiation, and allantoin and neferine could be potential drug candidates for recovering the effects of radiation on neurogenesis and depression.
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Kim W, Youn H, Lee S, Kim E, Kim D, Sub Lee J, Lee JM, Youn B. RNF138-mediated ubiquitination of rpS3 is required for resistance of glioblastoma cells to radiation-induced apoptosis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e434. [PMID: 29371697 PMCID: PMC5799804 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An interaction between ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) and nuclear factor kappa B or macrophage migration inhibitory factor in non-small-cell lung cancer is responsible for radioresistance. However, the role of rpS3 in glioblastoma (GBM) has not been investigated to date. Here we found that in irradiated GBM cells, rpS3 translocated into the nucleus and was subsequently ubiquitinated by ring finger protein 138 (RNF138). Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of rpS3 consequently led to radioresistance in GBM cells. To elucidate the apoptotic role of rpS3, we analyzed the interactome of rpS3 in ΔRNF138 GBM cells. Nuclear rpS3 interacted with DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), leading to DDIT3-induced apoptosis in irradiated ΔRNF138 GBM cells. These results were confirmed using in vivo orthotopic xenograft models and GBM patient tissues. This study aims to clarify the role of RNF138 in GBM cells and demonstrate that rpS3 may be a promising substrate of RNF138 for the induction of GBM radioresistance, indicating RNF138 as a potential target for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - EunGi Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehoon Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Lee
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hochgerner H, Zeisel A, Lönnerberg P, Linnarsson S. Conserved properties of dentate gyrus neurogenesis across postnatal development revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:290-299. [PMID: 29335606 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a brain region in which neurogenesis persists into adulthood; however, the relationship between developmental and adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis has not been examined in detail. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the molecular dynamics and diversity of dentate gyrus cell types in perinatal, juvenile, and adult mice. We found distinct quiescent and proliferating progenitor cell types, linked by transient intermediate states to neuroblast stages and fully mature granule cells. We observed shifts in the molecular identity of quiescent and proliferating radial glia and granule cells during the postnatal period that were then maintained through adult stages. In contrast, intermediate progenitor cells, neuroblasts, and immature granule cells were nearly indistinguishable at all ages. These findings demonstrate the fundamental similarity of postnatal and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and pinpoint the early postnatal transformation of radial glia from embryonic progenitors to adult quiescent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hochgerner
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
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41
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Lee D, Jung Y, Baek JY, Shin MS, Lee S, Hahm DH, Lee SC, Shim JS, Kim SN, Kang KS. Cirsimaritin Contributes to the Estrogenic Activity ofCirsium japonicumvar.maackiithrough the Activation of Estrogen Receptor α. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Gachon University; Seongnam 13120 Korea
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Yujung Jung
- Natural Constituents Research Center, Institute of Natural Products; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung, 25451 Korea
| | - Ji Yun Baek
- College of Korean Medicine; Gachon University; Seongnam 13120 Korea
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- Natural Constituents Research Center, Institute of Natural Products; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung, 25451 Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science; Chung-Ang University; Anseong 17546 Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Sang Cheon Lee
- Imsil Cheese and Food Research Institute; Imsil 55918 Korea
| | - Jae Suk Shim
- Imsil Herbal Medicine Association; Imsil 55955 Korea
| | - Su Nam Kim
- Natural Constituents Research Center, Institute of Natural Products; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Gangneung, 25451 Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine; Gachon University; Seongnam 13120 Korea
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Mitochondrial UQCRB as a new molecular prognostic biomarker of human colorectal cancer. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e391. [PMID: 29147009 PMCID: PMC5704184 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase binding protein (UQCRB) is important for mitochondrial complex III stability, electron transport, cellular oxygen sensing and angiogenesis. However, its potential as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether UQCRB can be used as a diagnostic molecular marker for CRC. The correlation between the expression of three genes (UQCRB, UQCRFS1 and MT-CYB) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III and clinico-pathological features was determined. Compared to non-tumor tissues, UQCRB gene expression was upregulated in CRC tissues. Gene and protein expression of the genes were positively correlated. Copy number variation (CNV) differences in UQCRB were observed in CRC tissues (1.32-fold) compared to non-tumor tissues. The CNV of UQCRB in CRC tissues increased proportionally with gene expression and clinical stage. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′-untranslated region of UQCRB (rs7836698 and rs10504961) were investigated, and the rs7836698 polymorphism was associated with CRC clinical stage. DNA methylation of the UQCRB promoter revealed that most CRC patients had high methylation levels (12/15 patients) in CRC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. UQCRB overexpression and CNV gain were correlated with specific CRC clinico-pathological features, indicating clinical significance as a prognostic predictor in CRC. Gene structural factors may be more important than gene transcription repression factors with respect to DNA methylation in UQCRB overexpression. Our results provide novel insights into the critical role of UQCRB in regulating CRC, supporting UQCRB as a new candidate for the development of diagnostics for CRC patients.
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Kim E, Kim W, Lee S, Chun J, Kang J, Park G, Han I, Yang HJ, Youn H, Youn B. TRAF4 promotes lung cancer aggressiveness by modulating tumor microenvironment in normal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8923. [PMID: 28827764 PMCID: PMC5566719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal fibroblasts surrounding tumor cells play a crucial role in cancer progression through formation of the tumor microenvironment. Because factors secreted from normal fibroblasts can modulate the tumor microenvironment, it is necessary to identify key factors associated with regulation of secreted factors and to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to the tumor microenvironment formation process. In this study, we found that radiation induced the expression and K63-linkage poly-ubiquitination of TRAF4 in normal lung fibroblasts. The K63-linkage poly-ubiquitinated TRAF4 formed complexes with NOX2 or NOX4 by mediating phosphorylated p47-phox in normal lung fibroblasts. Moreover, we showed that TRAF4 stabilized NOX complexes by decreasing lysosomal degradation of NOX2 and NOX4 after irradiation. NOX complexes increased endosomal ROS levels that were permeable into cytoplasm, leading to NF-κB-mediated ICAM1 up-regulation. Soluble ICAM1 was subsequently secreted into conditioned media of radiation-activated normal lung fibroblasts. The conditioned media from irradiated normal fibroblasts enhanced proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that TRAF4 in irradiated fibroblasts is positively associated with aggressiveness of adjacent cancer cells by altering the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we suggest that regulation of TRAF4 might be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunGi Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jahyun Chun
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeul Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - IkJoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Son B, Kwon T, Lee S, Han I, Kim W, Youn H, Youn B. CYP2E1 regulates the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis via ER stress- and ROS-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L916-L929. [PMID: 28798253 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00144.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is one of the most common side effects of lung cancer radiotherapy. This study was conducted to identify the molecular mechanism responsible for RIPF. We revealed that the transcriptional level of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was elevated by examining expression profile analysis of RIPF mouse models. We also confirmed that CYP2E1 regulated levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of CYP2E1 via its siRNA or inhibitor significantly attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of AE2 cells, as well as myofibroblast formation induced by radiation. Finally, the effects of a CYP2E1 inhibitor on development of RIPF were evaluated by in vivo studies. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that CYP2E1 is an important mediator of RIPF development that functions by increasing cellular ER stress and ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeWoo Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - IkJoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Integrative Graduate Program of Ship and Offshore Plant Technology for Ocean Energy Resource, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; and
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Oxidative Stress Gene Expression Profile Correlates with Cancer Patient Poor Prognosis: Identification of Crucial Pathways Might Select Novel Therapeutic Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2597581. [PMID: 28770020 PMCID: PMC5523271 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2597581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of altered redox status and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still controversial in cancer development and progression. Intracellular levels of ROS are elevated in cancer cells suggesting a role in cancer initiation and progression; on the contrary, ROS elevated levels may induce programmed cell death and have been associated with cancer suppression. Thus, it is crucial to consider the double-face of ROS, for novel therapeutic strategies targeting redox regulatory mechanisms. In this review, in order to derive cancer-type specific oxidative stress genes' profile and their potential prognostic role, we integrated a publicly available oxidative stress gene signature with patient survival data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Overall, we found several genes statistically significant associated with poor prognosis in the examined six tumor types. Among them, FoxM1 and thioredoxin reductase1 expression showed the same pattern in four out of six cancers, suggesting their specific critical role in cancer-related oxidative stress adaptation. Our analysis also unveiled an enriched cellular network, highlighting specific pathways, in which many genes are strictly correlated. Finally, we discussed novel findings on the correlation between oxidative stress and cancer stem cells in order to define those pathways to be prioritized in drug development.
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