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Inayatullah M, Mahesh A, Turnbull AK, Dixon JM, Natrajan R, Tiwari VK. Basal-epithelial subpopulations underlie and predict chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:823-853. [PMID: 38480932 PMCID: PMC11018633 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, characterized by extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, high metastasis, and chemoresistance, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Despite progress, the mechanistic basis of these aggressive behaviors remains poorly understood. Using single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis, here we discovered basal epithelial subpopulations located within the stroma that exhibit chemoresistance characteristics. The subpopulations are defined by distinct signature genes that show a frequent gain in copy number and exhibit an activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program. A subset of these genes can accurately predict chemotherapy response and are associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, among these genes, elevated ITGB1 participates in enhancing intercellular signaling while ACTN1 confers a survival advantage to foster chemoresistance. Furthermore, by subjecting the transcriptional signatures to drug repurposing analysis, we find that chemoresistant tumors may benefit from distinct inhibitors in treatment-naive versus post-NAC patients. These findings shed light on the mechanistic basis of chemoresistance while providing the best-in-class biomarker to predict chemotherapy response and alternate therapeutic avenues for improved management of TNBC patients resistant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Inayatullah
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- Edinburgh Breast Cancer Now Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - J Michael Dixon
- Edinburgh Breast Cancer Now Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Odense M, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
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2
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Lusby R, Zhang Z, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK. Decoding gene regulatory circuitry underlying TNBC chemoresistance reveals biomarkers for therapy response and therapeutic targets. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:64. [PMID: 38472332 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype characterised by extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, high rates of metastasis and chemoresistance, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Despite progress, the mechanistic basis of chemotherapy resistance in TNBC patients remains poorly understood. Here, leveraging single-cell transcriptome datasets of matched longitudinal TNBC chemoresponsive and chemoresistant patient cohorts, we unravel distinct cell subpopulations intricately associated with chemoresistance and the signature genes defining these populations. Notably, using genome-wide mapping of the H3K27ac mark, we show that the expression of these chemoresistance genes is driven via a set of TNBC super-enhancers and associated transcription factor networks across TNBC subtypes. Furthermore, genetic screens reveal that a subset of these transcription factors is essential for the survival of TNBC cells, and their loss increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, our study has revealed epigenetic and transcription factor networks underlying chemoresistance and suggests novel avenues to stratify and improve the treatment of patients with a high risk of developing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lusby
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Odense M, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
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3
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Heiland M, Connolly NMC, Mamad O, Nguyen NT, Kesavan JC, Langa E, Fanning K, Sanfeliu A, Yan Y, Su J, Venø MT, Costard LS, Neubert V, Engel T, Hill TDM, Freiman TM, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK, Rosenow F, Bauer S, Kjems J, Morris G, Henshall DC. MicroRNA-335-5p suppresses voltage-gated sodium channel expression and may be a target for seizure control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216658120. [PMID: 37463203 PMCID: PMC10372546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains an urgent need for new therapies for treatment-resistant epilepsy. Sodium channel blockers are effective for seizure control in common forms of epilepsy, but loss of sodium channel function underlies some genetic forms of epilepsy. Approaches that provide bidirectional control of sodium channel expression are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs which negatively regulate gene expression. Here we show that genome-wide miRNA screening of hippocampal tissue from a rat epilepsy model, mice treated with the antiseizure medicine cannabidiol, and plasma from patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, converge on a single target-miR-335-5p. Pathway analysis on predicted and validated miR-335-5p targets identified multiple voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Intracerebroventricular injection of antisense oligonucleotides against miR-335-5p resulted in upregulation of Scn1a, Scn2a, and Scn3a in the mouse brain and an increased action potential rising phase and greater excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in brain slice recordings, consistent with VGSCs as functional targets of miR-335-5p. Blocking miR-335-5p also increased voltage-gated sodium currents and SCN1A, SCN2A, and SCN3A expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Inhibition of miR-335-5p increased susceptibility to tonic-clonic seizures in the pentylenetetrazol seizure model, whereas adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of miR-335-5p reduced seizure severity and improved survival. These studies suggest modulation of miR-335-5p may be a means to regulate VGSCs and affect neuronal excitability and seizures. Changes to miR-335-5p may reflect compensatory mechanisms to control excitability and could provide biomarker or therapeutic strategies for different types of treatment-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Heiland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Niamh M. C. Connolly
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Omar Mamad
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ngoc T. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jaideep C. Kesavan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Elena Langa
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Kevin Fanning
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Albert Sanfeliu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten T. Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lara S. Costard
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Valentin Neubert
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas D. M. Hill
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Thomas M. Freiman
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, Rostock18057, Germany
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000Odense, Denmark
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University, BelfastBT9 7BL, United Kingdom
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000Odense, Denmark
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
- Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M.60528, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gareth Morris
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, DublinD02 YN77, Ireland
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4
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Griffin A, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK. Disruption of the gene regulatory programme in neurodevelopmental disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2022; 1865:194860. [PMID: 36007842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortical development consists of a series of synchronised events, including fate transition of cortical progenitors, neuronal migration, specification and connectivity. It is becoming clear that gene expression programs governing these events rely on the interplay between signalling molecules, transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. When genetic or environmental factors disrupt expression of genes involved in important brain development processes, neurodevelopmental disorders can occur. This review aims to highlight how recent advances in technologies have helped uncover and imitate the gene regulatory mechanisms commonly disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Griffin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
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5
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Fuchs M, Radulescu C, Tang M, Mahesh A, Lavin D, Umbreen S, McKenna J, Smyth M, McColgan E, Molnar Z, Baxter C, Skvortsov T, Singh A, Rogan F, Miskelly J, Bridgett S, Fairley D, Simpson DA. Mini-XT, a miniaturized tagmentation-based protocol for efficient sequencing of SARS-CoV-2. J Transl Med 2022; 20:105. [PMID: 35241105 PMCID: PMC8892412 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2 to inform public health policy. By enabling definition of lineages it facilitates tracking of the global spread of the virus. The evolution of new variants can be monitored and knowledge of specific mutations provides insights into the mechanisms through which the virus increases transmissibility or evades immunity. To date almost 1 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes have been sequenced by members of the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium. To achieve similar feats in a more cost-effective and sustainable manner in future, improved high throughput virus sequencing protocols are required. We have therefore developed a miniaturized library preparation protocol with drastically reduced consumable use and costs. RESULTS We present the 'Mini-XT' miniaturized tagmentation-based library preparation protocol available on protocols.io ( https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bvntn5en ). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was amplified using the ARTIC nCov-2019 multiplex RT-PCR protocol and purified using a conventional liquid handling system. Acoustic liquid transfer (Echo 525) was employed to reduce reaction volumes and the number of tips required for a Nextera XT library preparation. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq. The final version of Mini-XT has been used to sequence 4384 SARS-CoV-2 samples from N. Ireland with a COG-UK QC pass rate of 97.4%. Sequencing quality was comparable and lineage calling consistent for replicate samples processed with full volume Nextera DNA Flex (333 samples) or using nanopore technology (20 samples). SNP calling between Mini-XT and these technologies was consistent and sequences from replicate samples paired together in maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. CONCLUSIONS The Mini-XT protocol maintains sequence quality while reducing library preparation reagent volumes eightfold and halving overall tip usage from sample to sequence to provide concomitant cost savings relative to standard protocols. This will enable more efficient high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates and future pathogen WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fuchs
- Genomics Core Technology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Clara Radulescu
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Miao Tang
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Arun Mahesh
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Deborah Lavin
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Syed Umbreen
- Genomics Core Technology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James McKenna
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark Smyth
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Eilís McColgan
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Zoltan Molnar
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris Baxter
- Genomics Core Technology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Aditi Singh
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona Rogan
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Julia Miskelly
- Genomics Core Technology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen Bridgett
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Derek Fairley
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - David A. Simpson
- The Wellcome–Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
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6
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Singh A, Mahesh A, Noack F, Cardoso de Toledo B, Calegari F, Tiwari VK. Tcf12 and NeuroD1 cooperatively drive neuronal migration during cortical development. Development 2022; 149:274349. [PMID: 35147187 PMCID: PMC8918803 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Corticogenesis consists of a series of synchronised events, including fate transition of cortical progenitors, neuronal migration, specification and connectivity. NeuroD1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF), contributes to all of these events, but how it coordinates these independently is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NeuroD1 expression is accompanied by a gain of active chromatin at a large number of genomic loci. Interestingly, transcriptional activation of these loci relied on a high local density of adjacent bHLH TFs motifs, including, predominantly, Tcf12. We found that activity and expression levels of Tcf12 were high in cells with induced levels of NeuroD1 that spanned the transition of cortical progenitors from proliferative to neurogenic divisions. Moreover, Tcf12 forms a complex with NeuroD1 and co-occupies a subset of NeuroD1 target loci. This Tcf12-NeuroD1 cooperativity is essential for gaining active chromatin and targeted expression of genes involved in cell migration. By functional manipulation in vivo, we further show that Tcf12 is essential during cortical development for the correct migration of newborn neurons and, hence, for proper cortical lamination. Summary: How the functional cooperativity of Tcf12 and NeuroD1 in specific subpopulations of the developing cortex creates the gene regulatory program essential for neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Florian Noack
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Beatriz Cardoso de Toledo
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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7
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Verma M, Khan MIK, Kadumuri RV, Chakrapani B, Awasthi S, Mahesh A, Govindaraju G, Chavali PL, Rajavelu A, Chavali S, Dhayalan A. PRMT3 interacts with ALDH1A1 and regulates gene-expression by inhibiting retinoic acid signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:109. [PMID: 33495566 PMCID: PMC7835222 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) regulates protein functions by introducing asymmetric dimethylation marks at the arginine residues in proteins. However, very little is known about the interaction partners of PRMT3 and their functional outcomes. Using yeast-two hybrid screening, we identified Retinal dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) as a potential interaction partner of PRMT3 and confirmed this interaction using different methods. ALDH1A1 regulates variety of cellular processes by catalyzing the conversion of retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. By molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the specific residues in the catalytic domain of PRMT3 that facilitate interaction with the C-terminal region of ALDH1A1. PRMT3 inhibits the enzymatic activity of ALDH1A1 and negatively regulates the expression of retinoic acid responsive genes in a methyltransferase activity independent manner. Our findings show that in addition to regulating protein functions by introducing methylation modifications, PRMT3 could also regulate global gene expression through protein-protein interactions. Here, the authors demonstrate that protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) interacts with and inhibits the retinal dehydrogenase ALDH1A1, negatively regulating the expression of retinoic acid responsive genes. This study shows that PRMT3 affects diverse biological processes not only by globally regulating protein function through methylation but also by regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Baskar Chakrapani
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Gayathri Govindaraju
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Pavithra L Chavali
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Arunkumar Dhayalan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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8
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Chakrapani B, Khan MIK, Kadumuri RV, Gupta S, Verma M, Awasthi S, Govindaraju G, Mahesh A, Rajavelu A, Chavali S, Dhayalan A. The uncharacterized protein FAM47E interacts with PRMT5 and regulates its functions. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/3/e202000699. [PMID: 33376131 PMCID: PMC7772775 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncharacterized protein FAM47E interacts with and stabilizes the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5, regulating its epigenetic functions thereby modulating target gene expression. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues in various proteins affecting diverse cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, splicing, DNA repair, differentiation, and cell cycle. Elevated levels of PRMT5 are observed in several types of cancers and are associated with poor clinical outcomes, making PRMT5 an important diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target for cancers. Here, using yeast two-hybrid screening, followed by immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays, we identify a previously uncharacterized protein, FAM47E, as an interaction partner of PRMT5. We report that FAM47E regulates steady-state levels of PRMT5 by affecting its stability through inhibition of its proteasomal degradation. Importantly, FAM47E enhances the chromatin association and histone methylation activity of PRMT5. The PRMT5–FAM47E interaction affects the regulation of PRMT5 target genes expression and colony-forming capacity of the cells. Taken together, we identify FAM47E as a protein regulator of PRMT5, which promotes the functions of this versatile enzyme. These findings imply that disruption of PRMT5–FAM47E interaction by small molecules might be an alternative strategy to attenuate the oncogenic function(s) of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Chakrapani
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Somlee Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Gayathri Govindaraju
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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9
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Kumaran NK, Mahesh A, Sankar TK, Moorthy A. COVID-19 and international medical graduates: the frustrated and forgotten future NHS workforce. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1. [PMID: 32730149 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N K Kumaran
- Department of Surgery, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, UK
| | - A Mahesh
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - T K Sankar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, UK
| | - A Moorthy
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Jain N, Manivannan A, Mahesh A, Moorthy A. AB1169 RHEUMATOLOGY PATIENT PERCEPTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS: A SURVEY AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:It is well known that individuals with rheumatological conditions are at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVS) and they are the most common cause of mortality. However, there is still lack of awareness about the CVS risk among Rheumatology patients. We carried out a patient survey to assess their awareness and perception of CVS risk associated with their condition. We also assessed if the health professionals attending to these patients gave adequate education to the patients regarding the CVS risk.Objectives:To study awareness about CVS risks among rheumatology patientsMethods:This was a prospective cross sectional survey where in multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to consecutive patients attending rheumatology clinic. The questionnaire contained 18 questions including demographics, diagnosis, medications and their awareness of cardiovascular risks associated with their underlying rheumatic conditions. We also explored as patient attempted any Primary preventive measures for reducing the CVS risk.Results:We collected data of 57 patients with 47% of patients were above 60 years of age with Female: Male ratio of 3:1. Rheumatoid arthritis was the most common diagnosis (60%) with others including AS (22%), SLE(5%). 32% of patients had been suffering from inflammatory disorder for >10 years and 44% believed their disease was still not fully controlled. 37% had family history of heart diseases.More than half of the patients (56%) were unaware of cardiovascular risks associated with their condition and 65% overall reported that they were not personally informed about these risks by the treating health professionals. When we analysed the newly diagnosed patients (<5years) 64% were unaware about the CVS risks which is higher compared to patients with diagnosis of >5 years. We tried to explore any ethnic differences, however the number is too small to compare. We noted that around 60% of white British with rheumatological diagnosis were not aware of CVS risk in our group. When further asked about the primary preventive measures, only 23% engage in exercise, 21% have made diet changes, 12% take aspirin, 16% have quit smoking and only 5% quit alcohol.Conclusion:This was a small pilot study to look at the patient awareness of CVS risks associated with rheumatological conditions. Clearly there is lack of awareness among patients about CVS risks. Furthermore, most of the patients reported they were not educated about the risks from the health professionals. Majority do not engage in any kind of primary preventive measure for heart diseases. It is crucial that the health professionals actively educate patients regarding the CVS risks and the various methods through which these can be prevented. We believe patient-targeted educational programmes and behavioural interventions can be incorporated for holistic patient management.References:[1]John, Holly et al. Inflammatory arthritis as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease European Journal of Internal Medicine, Volume 23, Issue 7, 575 – 579Disclosure of Interests:Nibha Jain: None declared, Anukripa Manivannan: None declared, Aswin Mahesh: None declared, Arumugam Moorthy Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis,UCB,MSD
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Mahesh A, Khan MIK, Govindaraju G, Verma M, Awasthi S, Chavali PL, Chavali S, Rajavelu A, Dhayalan A. SET7/9 interacts and methylates the ribosomal protein, eL42 and regulates protein synthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2020; 1867:118611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Udayachandran Thampy US, Mahesh A, Sibi KS, Jawahar IN, Biju V. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO–NiO nanocomposites synthesized through a facile sonochemical route. SN Appl Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Awasthi S, Verma M, Mahesh A, K Khan MI, Govindaraju G, Rajavelu A, Chavali PL, Chavali S, Dhayalan A. DDX49 is an RNA helicase that affects translation by regulating mRNA export and the levels of pre-ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6304-6317. [PMID: 29618122 PMCID: PMC6158705 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the proteins predicted to be a part of the DExD box RNA helicase family, the functions of DDX49 are unknown. Here, we characterize the enzymatic activities and functions of DDX49 by comparing its properties with the well-studied RNA helicase, DDX39B. We find that DDX49 exhibits a robust ATPase and RNA helicase activity, significantly higher than that of DDX39B. DDX49 is required for the efficient export of poly (A)+ RNA from nucleus in a splicing-independent manner. Furthermore, DDX49 is a resident protein of nucleolus and regulates the steady state levels of pre-ribosomal RNA by regulating its transcription and stability. These dual functions of regulating mRNA export and pre-ribosomal RNA levels enable DDX49 to modulate global translation. Phenotypically, DDX49 promotes proliferation and colony forming potential of cells. Strikingly, DDX49 is significantly elevated in diverse cancer types suggesting that the increased abundance of DDX49 has a role in oncogenic transformation of cells. Taken together, this study shows the physiological role of DDX49 in regulating distinct steps of mRNA and pre-ribosomal RNA metabolism and hence translation and potential pathological role of its dysregulation, especially in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Gayathri Govindaraju
- Bacterial and Parasite Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Bacterial and Parasite Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | - Pavithra L Chavali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Arunkumar Dhayalan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
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Selvaraj J, Mahesh A, Baskaralingam V, Dhayalan A, Paramasivam T. Organic-to-water dispersible Mn:ZnS–ZnS doped core–shell quantum dots: synthesis, characterization and their application towards optical bioimaging and a turn-off fluorosensor. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02222h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dot-in-dot core/shell Mn:ZnS/ZnS QDs as a good fluorescent agent for bioimaging and a turn-off fluorescent probe for detection of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joicy Selvaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry – 605 014
- India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry – 605 014
- India
| | | | - Arunkumar Dhayalan
- Department of Biotechnology
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry – 605 014
- India
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Awasthi S, Chakrapani B, Mahesh A, Chavali PL, Chavali S, Dhayalan A. DDX39B promotes translation through regulation of pre-ribosomal RNA levels. RNA Biol 2018; 15:1157-1166. [PMID: 30176153 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1517011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX39B, a DExD RNA helicase, is known to be involved in various cellular processes such as mRNA export, splicing and translation. Previous studies showed that the overexpression of DDX39B promotes the global translation but inhibits the mRNA export in a dominant negative manner. This presents a conundrum as to how DDX39B overexpression would increase the global translation if it inhibits the nuclear export of mRNAs. We resolve this by showing that DDX39B affects the levels of pre-ribosomal RNA by regulating its stability as well as synthesis. Furthermore, DDX39B promotes proliferation and colony forming potential of cells and its levels are significantly elevated in diverse cancer types. Thus, increase in DDX39B enhances global translation and cell proliferation through upregulation of pre-ribosomal RNA. This highlights a possible mechanism by which dysregulation of DDX39B expression could lead to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Awasthi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Pondicherry University , Puducherry , India
| | - Baskar Chakrapani
- a Department of Biotechnology , Pondicherry University , Puducherry , India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Pondicherry University , Puducherry , India
| | - Pavithra L Chavali
- b Structural Studies Division , MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge , UK
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- b Structural Studies Division , MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge , UK
| | - Arunkumar Dhayalan
- a Department of Biotechnology , Pondicherry University , Puducherry , India
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Selvaraj J, Mahesh A, Baskaralingam V, Dhayalan A, Paramasivam T. Colloidal Gradated Alloyed (Cu)ZnInS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Tunable Optical Properties for Live Cell Optical Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joicy Selvaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and TechnologyPondicherry University Puducherry - 605 014 India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of BiotechnologyPondicherry University Puducherry - 605 014 India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Department of Animal Health and ManagementAlagappa University Karaikudi – 630 003, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arunkumar Dhayalan
- Department of BiotechnologyPondicherry University Puducherry - 605 014 India
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Vinothkumar G, Arunkumar P, Mahesh A, Dhayalan A, Suresh Babu K. Size- and defect-controlled anti-oxidant enzyme mimetic and radical scavenging properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04435j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improved enzymatic activity and concentration-dependent selective activation of peroxidase and oxidase activity of combustion-synthesized nanoceria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Vinothkumar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Madanjeet School of Green Energy Technology
- Pondicherry University
- Kalapet
- India
| | - P. Arunkumar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Madanjeet School of Green Energy Technology
- Pondicherry University
- Kalapet
- India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology
- Pondicherry University
- India
| | | | - K. Suresh Babu
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Madanjeet School of Green Energy Technology
- Pondicherry University
- Kalapet
- India
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Ravichandran G, Kumaresan V, Mahesh A, Dhayalan A, Arshad A, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Pasupuleti M, Arockiaraj J. Bactericidal and fungistatic activity of peptide derived from GH18 domain of prawn chitinase 3 and its immunological functions during biological stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:1014-1022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Srinivas CV, Mahesh A, Nair S. Nasopharyngeal Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Difficult Surgical Proposition. J Clin Diagn Res 2017. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/29024.10828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Claimer CS, Mahesh A, Sinilal B, Rao DM, Thangadurai D. Protective Effect of Indigofera Aspalathoides Roots on N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:157-60. [PMID: 23325997 PMCID: PMC3546333 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemopreventive effect of ethanol root extract of Indigofera aspalathoides was evaluated in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced experimental liver tumor in mice. Pretreatment with ethanol root extract (100 mg/kg, p.o.) for three weeks significantly reduced the impact of N-nitrosodiethylamine toxicity (50 mg/kg, i.p.) on the serum markers of liver damage, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Protective effect was reconfirmed the elevated serum total protein levels were significantly restored towards normalization by the extracts, and this was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Histological examination of the liver of animals treated with ethanol root extract of Indigofera aspalathoides showed the reduction of necrosis. These results suggest that ethanol root extract of Indigofera aspalathoides possess protective effect against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Claimer
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, India
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Mahesh A, Jeyachandran R, Cindrella L, Thangadurai D, Veerapur VP, Muralidhara Rao D. Hepatocurative potential of sesquiterpene lactones of Taraxacum officinale on carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in mice. Acta Biol Hung 2010; 61:175-90. [PMID: 20519172 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocurative potential of ethanolic extract (ETO) and sesquiterpene lactones enriched fraction (SL) of Taraxacum officinale roots was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The diagnostic markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin contents were significantly elevated, whereas significant reduction in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and enhanced hepatic lipid peroxidation, liver weight and liver protein were observed in CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Post-treatment with ETO and SL significantly protected the hepatotoxicity as evident from the lower levels of hepatic enzyme markers, such as serum transaminase (ALT, AST), ALP and total bilirubin. Further, significant reduction in the liver weight and liver protein in drug-treated hepatotoxic mice and also reduced oxidative stress by increasing reduced glutathione content and decreasing lipid peroxidation level has been noticed. The histopathological evaluation of the liver also revealed that ETO and SL reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl 4 . The results indicate that sesquiterpene lactones have a protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by the administration of CCl 4 in mice. Furthermore, observed activity of SL may be due to the synergistic action of two sesquiterpene lactones identified from enriched ethyl acetate fraction by HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahesh
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center Department of Plant Genetics Bet-Dagan 50250 Israel.
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Mahesh A, Shastri N, Sadanandam M. Development of Taste Masked Fast Disintegrating Films of Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride for Oral Use. Curr Drug Deliv 2010; 7:21-7. [DOI: 10.2174/156720110790396454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Somi Reddy M, Narender M, Mahesh A, Nageswar YVD, Rama Rao K. Facile Deprotection of 1,3‐Oxathiolanes to Carbonyl Compounds with O‐Iodoxy Benzoic Acid (IBX) in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600947866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Surendra K, Krishnaveni NS, Mahesh A, Rao KR. Supramolecular Catalysis of Strecker Reaction in Water under Neutral Conditions in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin. J Org Chem 2006; 71:2532-4. [PMID: 16526812 DOI: 10.1021/jo052510n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign and highly efficient procedure for the nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to imines (Strecker reaction) has been developed under biomimetic conditions in water in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin to afford alpha-aminonitriles in quantitative yields. The use of cyclodextrin precludes the use of either acid or base, and the catalyst can be recycled a number of times without loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Surendra
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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Kutty KK, Ledge GS, Mahesh A, Ramesh S, Rajendran CP. Childhood systemic sclerosis with calcified foci over scalp. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52:215. [PMID: 15636312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K K Kutty
- Department of Rheumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai 600003, Tamil Nadu
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