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Nayel AA, Hamdy NA, Massoud TH, Mohamed NM. A comparison of antimicrobial regimen outcomes and antibiogram development in microbial keratitis: a prospective cohort study in Alexandria, Egypt. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1865-1882. [PMID: 38240778 PMCID: PMC11106157 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance in microbial keratitis has not been previously explored in Alexandria. We aim to recommend effective therapies through identification of etiological agents, determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities, and comparing outcomes of empiric topical antimicrobials. METHODS In this 2022 prospective cohort conducted in Alexandria Main University Hospital cornea clinic, antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolated microorganisms from corneal scrapings were detected and antibiograms were developed. Bacterial (BK), fungal (FK), or mixed fungal/bacterial keratitis (MFBK) patients on empiric regimens were compared for ulcer healing, time-to-epithelialization, best-corrected visual acuity, interventions, and complications. RESULTS The prevalent microorganisms in 93 positive-cultures were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, 30.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), and Aspergillus spp. (12.9%). CoNS were susceptible to vancomycin (VAN, 100%) and moxifloxacin (MOX, 90.9%). Gram-negative bacteria showed more susceptibility to gatifloxacin (90.9%) than MOX (57.1%), and to gentamicin (GEN, 44.4%) than ceftazidime (CAZ, 11.8%). Methicillin-resistance reached 23.9% among Gram-positive bacteria. Fungi exhibited 10% resistance to voriconazole (VRC). Percentages of healed ulcers in 49 BK patients using GEN + VAN, CAZ + VAN and MOX were 85.7%, 44.4%, and 64.5%, respectively (p = 0.259). Their median time-to-epithelialization reached 21, 30, and 30 days, respectively (log-rank p = 0.020). In 51 FK patients, more ulcers (88.9%) healed with natamycin (NT) + VRC combination compared to VRC (39.1%) or NT (52.6%) (p = 0.036). Their median time-to-epithelialization was 65, 60, and 22 days, respectively (log-rank p < 0.001). The VRC group required more interventions (60.9%) than NT + VRC-treated group (11.1%) (p = 0.018). In 23 MFBK patients, none healed using NT + CAZ + VAN, while 50% healed using VRC + CAZ + VAN (p = 0.052). Regimens had comparable visual outcomes and complications. CONCLUSION Based on the higher detected susceptibility, we recommend empiric MOX in suspected Gram-positive BK, gatifloxacin in Gram-negative BK, and GEN + VAN in severe BK. Due to better outcomes, we recommend NT + VRC in severe FK. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05655689. Registered December 19, 2022- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05655689?cond=NCT05655689.&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Nayel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Alexandria Ophthalmology Hospital, Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha A Hamdy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Tamer H Massoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nelly M Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ch S, Padaga SG, Ghosh B, Roy S, Biswas S. Chitosan-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/poloxamer mixed micelles as a mucoadhesive thermo-responsive moxifloxacin eye drop to improve treatment efficacy in bacterial keratitis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120822. [PMID: 37059521 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A mucoadhesive self-assembling polymeric system was developed to carry moxifloxacin (M) for treating bacterial keratitis (BK). Chitosan-PLGA (C) conjugate was synthesized, and poloxamers (F68/127) were mixed in different proportions (1: 5/10) to prepare moxifloxacin (M)-encapsulated mixed micelles (M@CF68/127(5/10)Ms), including M@CF68(5)Ms, M@CF68(10)Ms, M@CF127(5)Ms, and M@CF127(10)Ms. The corneal penetration and mucoadhesiveness were determined biochemically, in vitro using human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells in monolayers and spheroids, ex vivo using goat cornea, and in vivo via live-animal imaging. The antibacterial efficacy was studied on planktonic biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (in vitro) and Bk-induced mice (in vivo). Both M@CF68(10)Ms and M@CF127(10)Ms demonstrated high cellular uptake, corneal retention, muco-adhesiveness, and antibacterial effect, with M@CF127(10)Ms exhibiting superior therapeutic effects in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus-infected BK mouse model by reducing the corneal bacterial load and preventing corneal damage. Therefore, the newly developed nanomedicine is promising for clinical translation in treating BK.
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Tavangarrad N, Mosleh N, Shomali T, Namazi F, Masoudian M. Evaluation of delaying effects of different short-term dosage regimens of topical ciprofloxacin on corneal ulcer healing in an avian model. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:999-1007. [PMID: 36251730 PMCID: PMC10029881 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on possible delaying effects of topical ciprofloxacin on corneal ulcer healing is scarce in avian patients. OBJECTIVES The study evaluates effects of different dosage regimens of topical ciprofloxacin on healing of corneal ulcer in an avian model. METHODS One hundred and fifty adult layers were randomly allocated into two equal categories each consisted of 5 groups (n = 15): 1, negative control (NC, normal cornea); 2, positive control (PC) (birds with experimental corneal ulcer); and 3, 4 and 5, birds with corneal injury that received ciprofloxacin 0.3% topically q6h, q8h and q12h, respectively for 3 (category 1) or 5 days (category 2). Corneas were excised for histopathological evaluation and determination of MMP-9 expression. RESULTS While no significant difference was observed in daily-measured fluorescein-stained ulcer size among ciprofloxacin-treated birds and PC group in category 1, birds in PC group of category 2 had significantly smaller ulcers as compared to antibiotic-treated birds at the end of experiment (p < 0.01 for all cases). Histopathological evaluations at the end of the experiment showed no significant difference among PC and ciprofloxacin-treated birds of both categories for almost all of the assayed parameters. Over expression of MMP-9 mRNA was observed in PC group after 3 and 5 days of ulcer induction compared to NC groups. Its expression in ciprofloxacin-treated birds of both categories remained close to PC groups. CONCLUSIONS While ciprofloxacin administration for 3 days does not affect ulcer healing, it delays healing process at the end of 5 days of treatments in an avian model of corneal ulcer injury. This delaying effect is not associated with a drastic change in MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Tavangarrad
- Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Mosleh
- Avian Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahoora Shomali
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Namazi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maliheh Masoudian
- Molecular Department of Central Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Filipe HP, Bozukova D, Pimenta A, Vieira AP, Oliveira AS, Galante R, Topete A, Masson M, Alves P, Coimbra P, Gil MH, Guiomar AJ, Mata J, Colaço R, Saramago B, Werner L, Mamalis N, Serro AP. Moxifloxacin-loaded acrylic intraocular lenses: In vitro and in vivo performance. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 45:1808-1817. [PMID: 31856994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the possibility of using acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to ensure controlled and sustained release of moxifloxacin, an antibiotic commonly used for endophthalmitis prophylaxis after cataract surgery. SETTING Academic, industrial, and clinical partners from Portugal, Belgium, Iceland, and the United States. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS The physical properties of IOLs loaded with moxifloxacin by soaking were characterized. In vitro drug-release studies were performed under hydrodynamic conditions similar to those of the eye, and the activity of the released drug was tested. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated, and the in vivo efficacy of the devices was assessed through rabbit experiments in which the effects of topical moxifloxacin drops (control) and moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs were compared. RESULTS The presence of moxifloxacin in the IOLs had little effect on the evaluated physical properties and did not induce cytotoxicity. In vitro drug release experiments showed that the IOLs provided controlled release of moxifloxacin for approximately 2 weeks. The drug remained active against the tested microorganisms during that period. Moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs and the control treatment induced similar in vivo behavior in terms of inflammatory reactions, capsular bag opacification scores, and uveal and capsule biocompatibility. The drug concentration in the aqueous humor after 1 week was similar in both groups; however, the concentration with the loaded IOLs was less variable. CONCLUSION The moxifloxacin-loaded IOLs released the drug in a controlled manner, providing therapeutic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena P Filipe
- Hospital das Forças Armadas, Polo de Lisboa-EMGFA, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Andreia Pimenta
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; IDMEC, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica Instituto Superior Técnicon, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Vieira
- CIEPQPF, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Sofia Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; IDMEC, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica Instituto Superior Técnicon, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Galante
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; CIIEM, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Topete
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; CIIEM, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Már Masson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Patrícia Alves
- CIEPQPF, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Coimbra
- CIEPQPF, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Helena Gil
- CIEPQPF, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Jorge Guiomar
- CIEPQPF, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Mata
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Colaço
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; IDMEC, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica Instituto Superior Técnicon, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Werner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Nick Mamalis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; CIIEM, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal.
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Silva D, de Sousa HC, Gil MH, Santos LF, Amaral RA, Saraiva JA, Salema-Oom M, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Serro AP, Saramago B. Imprinted hydrogels with LbL coating for dual drug release from soft contact lenses materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111687. [PMID: 33545849 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A combined strategy to control the release of two drugs, one anti-inflammatory (diclofenac sodium, DCF) and one antibiotic (moxifloxacin hydrochloride, MXF), from a soft contact lens (SCL) material, was assessed. The material was a silicone-based hydrogel, which was modified by molecular imprinting with MXF and coated by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method using natural polyelectrolytes: alginate (ALG), poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hyaluronate (HA), crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Imprinting was used to increase the amount of MXF loaded and to sustain its release, while the LbL coating acted as a diffusion barrier for DCF and improved the surface properties. The drugs were loaded by soaking in a DCF + MXF dual solution. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was successfully applied in the sterilization of the drug-loaded hydrogels. The transmittance, refractive index, wettability and ionic permeability of the hydrogels remained within the required levels for SCLs application. The concentrations of the released DCF and MXF stayed above the IC50 and the MIC (for S. aureus and S. epidermidis) values, for 9 and 10 days, respectively. No ocular irritancy was detected by the HET-CAM test. NIH/3T3 cell viability demonstrated that the drug-loaded hydrogels were not toxic, and cell adhesion was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hermínio C de Sousa
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Gil
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Renata A Amaral
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- CIIEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Yang T, Fan TJ, Xu B. Norfloxacin induces apoptosis and necroptosis in human corneal epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104868. [PMID: 32320760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR) is applied clinically to treat keratitis. However, NOR has brought severe side-effects for human corneal epithelium (HCEP) due to overdose and potential toxicity. In this study, two in vitro experimental models including monolayer HCEP cells and tissue-engineered human corneal epithelium (TE-HCEP) were used to explore the cytotoxicity and its related mechanisms. The HCEP cells treated with NOR at concentrations from 0.1875 to 3.0 mg/mL displayed abnormal morphology, declined viability, and increased plasma membrane permeability. Moreover, 0.75 mg/mL NOR induced chromatin condensation, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, and formation of apoptotic body through activation of caspase-2/-8/-9/-3, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of Bad and Bax, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor into cytosol, whereas 1.5 mg/mL and 3.0 mg/mL NOR upregulated the expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) together with inactivation of caspase-2/-8. Furthermore, 0.1875-3.0 mg/mL NOR destroyed the multilayer structure of TE-HCEP model due to a dose-dependent cytotoxicity, which validated the above results. Overall, low-dose (0.1875-0.75 mg/mL) NOR induced apoptosis through mitochondrion-dependent and death receptor-mediated pathways, and high-dose (1.5-3.0 mg/mL) NOR triggered necroptosis via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL cascade in HCEP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Singh B, Kumar A. Graft and crosslinked polymerization of polysaccharide gum to form hydrogel wound dressings for drug delivery applications. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu B, Sui YL, Fan TJ. Gatifloxacin inducing apoptosis of stromal fibroblasts through cross-talk between caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1524-1530. [PMID: 31637186 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To reveal the cytotoxicity and related mechanisms of gatifloxacin (GFX) to stromal fibroblasts (SFs) in vitro. METHODS SFs were treated with GFX at different concentrations (0.009375%-0.3%), and their viability was detected by MTT method. The cell morphology was observed using light/transmission electron microscope. The plasma membrane permeability was measured by AO/EB double-staining. Then cell cycle, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA damage was analyzed by electrophoresis and immunostaining. ELISA was used to evaluate the caspase-3/-8/-9 activation. Finally, Western blotting was applied for detecting the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS Morphological changes and reduced viability of GFX-treated SFs demonstrated that GFX above 0.009375% had cytotoxicity to SFs with dependence of concentration and time. GFX-treating cells also showed G1 phase arrest, increased membrane permeability, PS externalization and DNA damage, which indicated that GFX induced apoptosis of SFs. Additionally, GFX could activate the caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, induce MTP disruption, downregulate B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell leukemia-XL (Bcl-XL), and upregulate Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2 interacting domain (Bid) and cytoplasmic cytochrome C in SFs, suggesting that caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways were related to GFX-contributed apoptosis of SFs. CONCLUSION The cytotoxicity of GFX induces apoptosis of SFs through triggering the caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun-Long Sui
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Cheng Y, Chang Y, Ko Y, Liu CJ. Sustained release of levofloxacin from thermosensitive chitosan‐based hydrogel for the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:8-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung‐Hsin Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Fan Chang
- National Yang‐Ming University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyTaipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chieh Ko
- National Yang‐Ming University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyTaipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Catherine Jui‐ling Liu
- National Yang‐Ming University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyTaipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
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Anchordoquy JP, Anchordoquy JM, Nikoloff N, Gambaro R, Padula G, Furnus C, Seoane A. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by enrofloxacin-based antibiotic formulation Floxagen ® in two experimental models of bovine cells in vitro: peripheral lymphocytes and cumulus cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2998-3005. [PMID: 30506381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro effect of enrofloxacin (EFZ) was tested on two experimental somatic bovine cells in vitro: peripheral lymphocytes (PLs) and cumulus cells (CCs). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of this veterinary antibiotic were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assay. Cells were treated during 24 h, and three concentrations were tested (50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL). When EFZ was tested in PLs, the results demonstrated that the antibiotic was able to induce cell death and DNA damage with all concentrations. In addition, 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL EFZ increased frequencies of micronuclei (MNi). On the other hand, the highest EFZ concentration occasioned cellular cytotoxicity in CCs as evidenced by mitochondrial activity alterations. Nevertheless, EFZ was not able to induce DNA damage and MNi in CCs. These results represent the first experimental evidence of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects exerted by EFZ in bovine PLs and CCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Patricio Anchordoquy
- IGEVET, Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Calle 60 y 118, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Mateo Anchordoquy
- IGEVET, Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Calle 60 y 118, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Nikoloff
- IGEVET, Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Calle 60 y 118, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Gambaro
- IGEVET, Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Calle 60 y 118, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisel Padula
- IGEVET, Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Calle 60 y 118, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo - UNLP, Calle 60 y 122, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Furnus
- IGEVET, Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Calle 60 y 118, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Citología, Histología y Embriología "A", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - UNLP, Calle 60 y 120, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Analía Seoane
- IGEVET, Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - UNLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Calle 60 y 118, B1904AMA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Metal-organic frameworks, NH 2-MIL-88(Fe), as carriers for ophthalmic delivery of brimonidine. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:344-353. [PMID: 30134206 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed a metal-organic framework (MOF), NH2-MIL-88(Fe), as a novel carrier for topical drug delivery to the eye. The NH2-MIL-88(Fe) particles were prepared via a solvothermal synthesis method and their structure was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. When brimonidine, an anti-glaucoma medicine, was encapsulated into NH2-MIL(Fe)-88 (i.e., NH2-MIL-88(Fe)/Br), the drug was loaded at 121.3 µg/mg and released in a sustained manner for up to 12 h. The NH2-MIL-88(Fe)/Br exhibited mucoadhesive properties and remained on rabbit eyes for a period of up to 4 h. Consequently, a high concentration of brimonidine was found in tears for a prolonged period after the administration of NH2-MIL-88(Fe)/Br, which resulted in a greater than two-fold increase in drug bioavailability and activity period compared with those of Alphagan P, which are brimonidine eye drops already approved for clinical use. Hence, NH2-MIL-88(Fe) is suggested to be a promising carrier for topical delivery to the eye that provides enhanced bioavailability of ocular drugs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We suggest NH2-MIL(Fe)-88, a type of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as delivery carriers of an ophthalmic drug, brimonidine. The NH2-MIL(Fe)-88 particles possess a mucoadhesive property, hence prolonged retention in the preocular space when topically administered to the eye. The particles can also encapsulate the drug in their micro-pores, through which the drug can be released in a sustained manner. Therefore, when tested to rabbit eyes in vivo, the drug-loaded NH2-MIL(Fe)-88 particles were shown to enhance the ocular drug bioavailability, as compared with Alphagan P, the marketed eye drops of brimonidine.
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Milionis I, Banti CN, Sainis I, Raptopoulou CP, Psycharis V, Kourkoumelis N, Hadjikakou SK. Silver ciprofloxacin (CIPAG): a successful combination of chemically modified antibiotic in inorganic-organic hybrid. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:705-723. [PMID: 29654371 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The new silver(I) ionic, water soluble, compound {[Ag(CIPH)2]NO3∙0.75MeOH∙1.2H2O} (CIPAG) was obtained by reacting silver(I) nitrate with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIPH). The complex was characterized by m.p., mid-FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures of both CIPAG and the hexahydrated neutral free drug {[CIPH]∙6(H2O)} (2) were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Two neutral ligands are datively bonded to the metal ion through the piperidinic nitrogen atoms forming a cationic {[Ag(CIPH)2]+} counter part which is neutralized by a nitrate group. The antibacterial effect of CIPAG and the commercially available hydrochloric salt of the antibiotic ({[CIPH 2+ ]∙Cl - } (3)) were tested against the bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (St. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus) by the mean of minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and their inhibitory zone (IZ). The influence of CIPAG and 3 against the formation of biofilm of PAO1 or St. aureus was also evaluated by mean of biofilm elimination concentration. The IZ caused by CIPAG which has been loaded in poly-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, is determined. The genotoxicity of CIPAG and 3 is tested in vitro against normal human corneal epithelial cells (HCET cells), by the presence of micronucleus in HCET cells and in vivo by mean of Allium cepa test.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Milionis
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C N Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - I Sainis
- Cancer Biobank Center, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C P Raptopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - V Psycharis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - N Kourkoumelis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - S K Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Rusch M, Spielmeyer A, Meißner J, Kietzmann M, Zorn H, Hamscher G. Efficient Reduction of Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Fluoroquinolones by Fungal-Mediated N-Oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3118-3126. [PMID: 28365994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive usage of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in livestock results in their occurrence in manure and subsequently in the environment. Fluoroquinolone residues may promote bacterial resistance and are toxic to plants and aquatic organisms. Moreover, fluoroquinolones may enter the food chain through plant uptake, if manure is applied as fertilizer. Thus, the presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment may pose a threat to human and ecological health. In this study, the biotransformation of enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and difloxacin by the fungus X. longipes (Xylaria) was investigated. The main metabolites were unequivocally identified as the respective N-oxides by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fungal-mediated N-oxidation of fluoroquinolones led to a 77-90% reduction of the initial antibacterial activity. In contrast to their respective parent compounds, N-oxides showed low cytotoxic potential and had a reduced impact on cell proliferation. Thus, biotransformation by X. longipes may represent an effective method for inactivating fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rusch
- Justus Liebig University Giessen , Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Spielmeyer
- Justus Liebig University Giessen , Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Meißner
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation , Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation , Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Justus Liebig University Giessen , Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer IME , Project Group Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Justus Liebig University Giessen , Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Roy K, Sriramoju B, Kanwar RK, Kanwar JR. Ophthalmic Combination of SurR9-C84A and Trichostatin-A Targeting Molecular Pathogenesis of Alkali Burn. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:226. [PMID: 27516741 PMCID: PMC4963392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alkali burn is a frequently occurring ocular injury that resembles ocular inflammation caused by eye allergies, infection, and refractive surgeries. Methods: We investigated the synergistic regenerative potential of dominant negative survivin mutant (SurR9-C84A) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin-A (TSA) against alkali burn and corneal haze using human keratocytes and rabbit alkali burn model (Female New Zealand white rabbits). Results: Combination of SurR9-C84A and TSA suppressed levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, alpha smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and HDAC1, leading to apoptosis in myofibroblast cells and, showed the potential to clear the corneal haze. An insult with 0.5 N NaOH for 1 min led to neutrophils infiltration and formation of large vacuoles in the stroma. Treatments with TSA and SurR9-C84A for 40 min led to improvement in the conjunctival and corneal tissue integrity, marked by an increase in clathrin, and claudin expressions. An increase in TGF-β and endogenous survivin confirmed wound healing and cell proliferation in rabbit cornea. The blood analysis revealed a substantial decrease in the RBC, WBC, platelets, or the hemoglobin content post alkali burn. The cytokine array analysis revealed that NaOH induced expressions of IL-1α and MMP-9, which were found to be significantly downregulated (1.8 and 11.5 fold respectively) by the combinatorial treatment of SurR9-C84A and TSA. Conclusion: Our results confirmed that combination of SurR9-C84A with TSA worked in synergy to heal ocular injury and inflammations due to alkali burn and led to the regeneration of ocular tissue by increasing clathrin, claudin, survivin, and TGF-β and reversal of alkali burn by suppressing IL-1α and MMP-9 without inducing haze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kislay Roy
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Bhasker Sriramoju
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rupinder K Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Siafaka PI, Zisi AP, Exindari MK, Karantas ID, Bikiaris DN. Porous dressings of modified chitosan with poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) for topical wound delivery of levofloxacin. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chen TC, Tsai TY, Chang SW. Molecular mechanism of fluoroquinolones modulation on corneal fibroblast motility. Exp Eye Res 2016; 145:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Verstraelen J, Reichl S. Upregulation of P-glycoprotein expression by ophthalmic drugs in different corneal in-vitro models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:605-15. [PMID: 25643948 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyse P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in different human in-vitro cornea models (HCE-T epithelial model and Hemicornea construct) after stimulation with P-gp substrates (rhodamine 123, levofloxacin and acebutolol). METHODS The influence of P-gp substrates on mRNA expression was analysed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. The effect of stimulation on the transporter functionality was estimated with a digoxin efflux assay. The Caco-2 cell line was used as positive control. KEY FINDINGS The reverse transcriptase PCR results showed an increase in band intensity compared with the control medium for all substrates. The real-time PCR for the Caco-2 and HCE-T epithelial model yielded a similar outcome, in which all tested substrates upregulated P-gp. In contrast, the Hemicornea construct showed no significant increase in the mRNA expression after stimulation. Both in-vitro models possessed similar drug transport profiles after stimulation. A significantly increased efflux of digoxin was measured after 24 and 72 h of stimulation with levofloxacin and acebutolol. CONCLUSIONS The expression and functionality of the P-gp in corneal tissue can be influenced through time exposure with specific substrates. However, the exact mechanism still requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Verstraelen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Mimouni M, Geffen N, Rosen E, Segev F. The effect of gatifloxacin 0.3% or moxifloxacin 0.5% on corneal healing, ocular tolerability and toxicity following pterygium surgery. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2015; 35:8-12. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.1003266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Akal A, Ulas T, Goncu T, Guldur ME, Kocarslan S, Taskin A, Savik E, Ozkan U, Karakas EY, Koksal M, Aksoy N. Does moxifloxacin alter oxidant status in the cornea? An experimental study. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 34:139-43. [PMID: 24964171 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.918138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this experimental study, we investigated the possible effects of intracameral moxifloxacin on oxidative stress parameters and endothelial cell morphology in corneal tissue. METHODS In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 rats: the sham group (Group 1, n = 10); the control group (Group 2), where balanced salt solution (BSS) was administered at a dose of 0.01 cc (n = 10); and the treatment group (Group 3), where moxifloxacin was administered at a dose of 0.05 mg/0.01 cc (n = 10). Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in corneal tissue and blood samples were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Also, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated with caspase-3 and caspase-8 staining. Apoptotic activity was also evaluated. RESULTS In blood samples, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not statistically significantly different (all p > 0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, TOS and OSI levels in cornea tissue were significantly different in the moxifloxacin group (all p < 0.05). However, compared with the control group, no statistically significant difference was found in the sham group (all p > 0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, apoptotic activity was higher in the moxifloxacin group, in both immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and caspase-8. CONCLUSIONS Intracameral moxifloxacin injection seems to be safe systemically, but it may have toxic effects on corneal tissues, as suggested by oxidative stress parameters and a histopathological evaluation.
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Han KE, Chung WS, Kim TI, Kim S, Kim T, Kim EK. Epithelial wound healing after cataract surgery comparing two different topical fluoroquinolones. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:197-202. [PMID: 24339307 PMCID: PMC3874919 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.1.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the epithelial wound healing response of two preservative-free fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, in patients who underwent cataract surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, evaluator-masked, randomized clinical trial, 59 eyes of 50 patients who underwent cataract surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive moxifloxacin 0.5% (n=32 eyes) or levofloxacin 0.5% (n=27 eyes). All patients instilled moxifloxacin or levofloxain four times daily for 1 week prior to surgery and 2 weeks after surgery. The epithelial wound healing status in the corneal incision site was scanned with a raster scan mode of fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). The number of eyes showing epithelial defect images and average number of corneal epithelial defect cuts per eye were compared between groups. All patients were evaluated on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 10. RESULTS On postoperative days 1, 2, and 3, the number of eyes showing epithelial defects in FD-OCT was not statistically different (all p>0.05). The average number of corneal epithelial defect cuts was also not statistically different between the two groups (all p>0.05). No eyes showed epithelial defects on postoperative day 10 in either group. CONCLUSION There were no differences on epithelial wound healing comparing these two different fluoroquinolones at the incision site of cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Droy-Lefaix MT, Bueno L, Caron P, Belot E, Roche O. Ocular inflammation and corneal permeability alteration by benzalkonium chloride in rats: a protective effect of a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2705-10. [PMID: 23518768 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of an ophthalmic eyedrop preparation containing a myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor, ML-7, in the treatment of ocular surface. The local protective effect on the inflammation and the increase of corneal permeability induced by benzalkonium (BAK) was evaluated. METHODS An ocular instillation of 10 lL BAK at a concentration of 0.1% in PBS was performed on rats. The eyes were rinsed with sterilized water, 10 minutes after BAK preceded by instillation at T -24, -12, and -0.5 hours of 10 lL ofML-7: 100 μg (10 μL) into a gel form vehicle. All animals were sacrificed 6 hours after BAK instillation. The eyes were isolated for study in a masked manner. The ocular surface inflammation was assessed by measuring the inflammatory cell infiltration by a histologic quantitative analysis and for total ocular myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The tight junction permeability was tested. RESULTS Instillation of 0.1% BAK increased the inflammation of the eye. The quantitative analysis showed an increase in the number of eosinophil and neutrophil polynuclears, and MPO activity. Pretreatment with ML-7 reduced inflammation (P < 0.05). The vehicle alone produced no notable effects. BAK instillation also thickened the fluorescent corneal front on frozen sections, indicating an increase of tight junction permeability. Pretreatment with ML-7 suppressed BAK-induced alterations of paracellular permeability while the vehicle had no visible effects. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the inhibition of corneal cytoskeleton contraction by an MLCK inhibitor prevents BAK-induced ocular inflammatory response, and that ML-7 may be a new and original preparation in the treatment of ocular surface pathologies.
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Cernak M, Majtanova N, Cernak A, Majtan J. Honey Prophylaxis Reduces the Risk of Endophthalmitis During Perioperative Period of Eye Surgery. Phytother Res 2011; 26:613-6. [PMID: 22508360 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cernak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine; Slovak Medical University; Antolska 11; 851 07; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Nora Majtanova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine; Slovak Medical University; Antolska 11; 851 07; Bratislava; Slovakia
| | - Andrej Cernak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine; Slovak Medical University; Antolska 11; 851 07; Bratislava; Slovakia
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Campos M, Muccioli C, Malta JB, Gerade RA, LA Salame A, Belfort R. Efficacy and tolerability of a combined gatifloxacin plus prednisolone formulation for topical prophylaxis after LASIK. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:209-14. [PMID: 21386913 PMCID: PMC3046990 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of 0.3% gatifloxacin and 1% prednisolone formulation versus the same agents administered separately for prophylaxis in a laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) population. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study, 97 patients were evaluated for signs and symptoms of ocular infection or inflammation after bilateral LASIK. Group 1 (50 patients, 100 eyes) received a combined formulation of 0.3% gatifloxacin + 1% prednisolone acetate (Zypred®) plus placebo. Group 2 (47 patients, 94 eyes) received conventional treatment with the same agents from separate vials. The cohorts were similar in age, sex, race, and refractive error. Baseline and postoperative assessments were made on surgery days −2, 1, 3, and 15 and consisted of visual acuity; intraocular pressure; severity of inflammation of eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea; tearing; ocular discomfort (foreign-body sensation, itching, or photophobia); and ocular pain. The posterior segment was evaluated at the screening and exit visits. Results: No ocular infection or persistent inflammation was detected in either group at any time. All objective and subjective criteria of efficacy were similar regardless of treatment, with no significant differences between the groups. More patients who were dosed with the combined agent complained of mild ocular discomfort on day 3, but this difference had disappeared by day 15. Conclusion: Post-LASIK topical prophylaxis with combined gatifloxacin + prednisolone eye drops (Zypred®) was well tolerated. This formulation appears to be therapeutically equivalent to conventional dosing with gatifloxacin and prednisolone from individual bottles for topical prophylaxis after laser refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Campos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Westermeyer HD, Hendrix DVH, Ward DA, Cox SK. Tear, cornea, and aqueous humor concentrations of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin after topical ocular application in ophthalmologically normal horses. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:398-403. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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