1
|
Fouad YA, Soliman MK, Elhusseiny AM, Yang YC, Sallam AB. Visual outcomes and complications of combined versus sequential pars plana vitrectomy and phacoemulsification for epiretinal membrane. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1707-1713. [PMID: 38486117 PMCID: PMC11156636 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic epiretinal membrane (ERM) often requires surgical intervention via pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), for which cataract development is a common complication. There is insufficient data on the visual outcomes and complications of combined phacovitrectomy (COMB) in comparison to sequential PPV with deferred cataract surgery (SEQ) for ERM. METHODS A retrospective dataset analysis of 8 National Health Service ophthalmology departments. The main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity (VA), operative complications, postoperative cystoid macular oedema (CMO) and recurrent ERM. RESULTS We included 898 and 299 eyes in the COMB and SEQ groups, respectively. Both procedures resulted in significantly better VA across all follow-up intervals (24 weeks). The proportion of eyes with Snellen VA of at least 20/40 at 12-24 weeks was comparable in both groups (47.8% [COMB] vs. 54.7% [SEQ], p = 0.4456). More eyes in the COMB group experienced posterior capsular rupture (2.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.0009) and iatrogenic retinal trauma (2.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.0023). However, regression analysis revealed that combined surgery did not predict either complication. There were no significant differences in the rates of CMO (6.5% [COMB] vs. 9% [SEQ], p = 0.1522) and recurrent ERM (2.1% [COMB] vs. 3.3% [SEQ], p = 0.2758) between both groups. CONCLUSION Both combined and sequential procedures are comparably effective and safe means for managing eyes with ERM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A Fouad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
- University Hospitals Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yit C Yang
- Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, New Cross, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ahmed B Sallam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Relton SD, Chi GC, Lotery AJ, West RM, McKibbin M. Associations with baseline visual acuity in 12,414 eyes starting treatment for neovascular AMD. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:1652-1658. [PMID: 36028762 PMCID: PMC10219991 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine baseline visual acuity before the start of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), compare median and visual acuity states between treatment sites and investigate the association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with baseline acuity. METHODS Anonymised demographic and clinical data, collected as part of routine clinical care, were extracted from electronic medical records at treating National Health Service (NHS) Trusts. Analyses were restricted to eyes with baseline visual acuity recorded at treatment initiation. Associations with baseline acuity were investigated using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Analysis included 12,414 eyes of 9116 patients at 13 NHS Trusts. Median baseline acuity was LogMAR 0.46 (interquartile range = 0.26-0.80) and 34.5% of eyes had good acuity, defined as LogMAR ≤0.3. Baseline acuity was positively associated with second-treated eye status, younger age, lower socio-economic deprivation, independent living, and female sex. There was little evidence of association between baseline acuity and distance to the nearest treatment centre, systemic or ocular co-morbidity. Despite case-mix adjustments, there was evidence of significant variation of baseline visual acuity between sites. CONCLUSIONS Despite access to publicly funded treatment within the NHS, variation in visual acuity at the start of neovascular AMD treatment persists. Identifying the characteristics associated with poor baseline acuity, targeted health awareness campaigns, professional education, and pathway re-design may help to improve baseline acuity, the first eye gap, and visual acuity outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Relton
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G C Chi
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A J Lotery
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - R M West
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M McKibbin
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang HS, Bai CH, Cheng CK. STRICT PRO RE NATA VERSUS TREAT-AND-EXTEND REGIMENS IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Retina 2023; 43:420-432. [PMID: 36669130 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the visual and anatomical outcomes between strict pro re nata (strict PRN) and treat-and-extend (T&E) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS A meta-analysis of 1-year and 2-year changes between strict PRN and T&E anti-VEGF regimens were conducted in both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world studies (RWSs). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and weighted mean numbers of visits and injections were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 19 RCTs and 23 RWSs (2,530 eyes in strict PRN and 4,399 eyes in T&E) were included. Mean BCVA change in strict PRN group in both 1-year and 2-year (5.95 and 5.78, respectively) was noninferior to the T&E group (7.85 and 5.96, respectively). Mean CRT changes were also similar in both strict PRN and T&E groups. Mean number of visits were significantly more in the strict PRN group, whereas mean number of injections was significantly more in the T&E group. CONCLUSION The strict PRN regimen demonstrates a noninferior BCVA improvement to the T&E regimen, achieving fewer injections, and may be both economically and medically beneficial. Both selections should be provided to patients with an overall consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Shin Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University
| | - Cheng-Kuo Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University; and
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Relton SD, Chi GC, Lotery A, West RM, McKibbin M. Associations with visual acuity outcomes after 12 months of treatment in 9401 eyes with neovascular AMD. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:bmjophth-2022-001038. [PMID: 36161843 PMCID: PMC9240889 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To record visual acuity outcomes after 12 months of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NvAMD), investigate variation between sites and explore associations with baseline characteristics and care processes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Anonymised demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records at treating National Health Service (NHS) Trusts. Associations with acuity outcomes were investigated using multivariate linear and logistic regression. RESULTS Analysis included 9401 eyes (7686 patients) treated at 13 NHS Trusts. From baseline to month 12, median acuity improved from LogMAR 0.50 (IQR 0.30-0.80) to 0.40 (0.22-0.74) and the proportion of eyes with LogMAR ≥0.3 increased from 34.5% to 39.8%. Baseline visual acuity was the strongest predictor of visual acuity outcomes. For each LogMAR 0.1 worsening of baseline acuity, the acuity at 12 months was improved by LogMAR 0.074 (95% CI 0.073 to 0.074) and the odds of a 'poor' acuity outcome was multiplied by 1.66 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.70). Younger age, independent living status, lower socioeconomic deprivation, timely loading phase completion and higher number of injections were associated with better acuity outcomes. Despite case-mix adjustments, there was evidence of significant variation in acuity outcomes between sites. CONCLUSIONS Even after adjustment for other variables, variation in acuity outcomes after NvAMD treatment within the NHS remains. Meaningful comparison of outcomes between different providers requires adjustment for a range of baseline characteristics, not visual acuity alone. Identifying best practice at sites with better outcomes and adapting local care processes are required to tackle this health inequality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SD Relton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - GC Chi
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - RM West
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Martin McKibbin
- Ophthalmology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
William A, Dias Blak M, Eshref A, Gekeler F, Schatz A, Gekeler K. Chromatic Full-Field Stimulus Thresholds in Patients with Treatment-Naive Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:223-229. [PMID: 35125864 PMCID: PMC8809673 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s346291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate retinal sensitivity using chromatic full-field stimulus thresholds (FST) in patients with treatment naive exudative age-related macular degeneration (e-ARMD) before and during the first intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment. Patients and Methods After general ophthalmological examinations to diagnose patients with e-ARMD the FST, the central foveal thickness (FCt) and the visual acuity were assessed in 20 eyes of 20 patients during this prospective study. Examinations were performed before and during the first treatment series with three intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Normal values for FST were assessed in 19 eyes of 19 healthy subjects. Results were analyzed using Student’s two-tailed t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients between all functional parameters. Results At baseline and before the 1st intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment, a moderately significant negative correlation between VA and FCt was found in the e-ARMD group (p = 0.02, r = −0.45 and p = 0.03, r = −0.45), respectively. After the 2nd intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, no significant correlation between VA and FCt was found (p = 0.12). However, a significant correlation between FCt and blue FST was evident (p = 0.04, r = 0.4). After the 3rd intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment, there was no correlation evident between VA and FCt (p = 0.31) but a high significant correlation between FCt and FST using red (p = 0.01, r = 0.53), green (p = 0.002, r = 0.6) and blue light (p = 0.007, r = 0.66). Conclusion During anti-VEGF treatment in patients with e-ARMD, the FST test showed higher significant correlations with the morphology measured by FCt, as it is the case for VA. These findings support that the FST test might serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for monitoring patients with e-ARMD and enhance functional assessment of retinal function under treatment with anti-VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony William
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Altan Eshref
- Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Gekeler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schatz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence: Andreas Schatz, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Elfriede –Alhorn-Straße 7, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany, Tel +4970712988088, Email
| | - Katrin Gekeler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
RANIBIZUMAB TREATMENT IN TREATMENT-NAIVE NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Results From LUMINOUS, a Global Real-World Study. Retina 2021; 40:1673-1685. [PMID: 31764612 PMCID: PMC7447127 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and treatment patterns of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in treatment-naive patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration enrolled in LUMINOUS study. METHODS This 5-year, prospective, multicenter, observational study recruited 30,138 adult patients (treatment-naive or previously treated with ranibizumab or other ocular treatments) who were treated according to the local ranibizumab label. RESULTS Six thousand two hundred and forty-one treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients were recruited. Baseline (BL) demographics were, mean (SD) age 75.0 (10.2) years, 54.9% females, and 66.5% Caucasian. The mean (SD) visual acuity (VA; letters) gain at 1 year was 3.1 (16.51) (n = 3,379; BLVA, 51.9 letters [Snellen: 20/92]) with a mean (SD) of 5.0 (2.7) injections and 8.8 (3.3) monitoring visits. Presented by injection frequencies <3 (n = 537), 3 to 6 (n = 1,924), and >6 (n = 918), visual acuity gains were 1.6 (14.93), 3.3 (16.57), and 3.7 (17.21) letters, respectively. Stratified by BLVA <23 (n = 382), 23 to <39 (n = 559), 39 to <60 (n = 929), 60 to <74 (n = 994), and ≥74 (n = 515), visual acuity change was 12.6 (20.63), 6.7 (17.88), 3.6 (16.41), 0.3 (13.83), and -3.0 (11.82) letters, respectively. The incidence of ocular/nonocular adverse events was 8.2%/12.8% and serious adverse events were 0.9%/7.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hussain RM, Shaukat BA, Ciulla LM, Berrocal AM, Sridhar J. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antagonists: Promising Players in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:2653-2665. [PMID: 34188445 PMCID: PMC8232378 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s295223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treatment has been revolutionized by the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists (anti-VEGF), but the need for frequent intravitreal injections poses a heavy burden to patients and physicians. Evolving anti-VEGF therapies include longer duration agents, approaches that target multiple pathways, topical anti-VEGF agents, sustained-release, and genetic therapies. Abicipar pegol, a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin), demonstrated the ability to maintain stable visual acuity with 12-week dosing, but was not approved by the FDA due to higher than usual rates of intraocular inflammation. Conbercept, a recombinant anti-VEGF fusion protein, has been approved in China, and is in Phase 3 trials globally. KSI-301 is an anti-VEGF antibody biopolymer conjugate that allowed 66% of nAMD patients to maintain at least a 6-month treatment-free interval in Phase 1b studies. OPT-302, an inhibitor of VEGF-C/D, will be tested in phase 3 studies that compare anti-VEGF-A monotherapy against combination therapy with OPT-302. Faricimab is a bispecific anti-VEGF/Ang-2 antibody that upregulates the Tie-2 signaling pathway and promotes vascular stability; it is undergoing phase 3 trials with potential for 12- or 16-week dosing. PAN-90806 is a topical anti-VEGF agent that showed the ability to reduce injection frequency by 79% compared to ranibizumab monotherapy in a phase 1/2a trial. Sustained-release anti-VEGF therapies include the ranibizumab Port Delivery System (in phase 3 studies), GB-102 (Phase 2b), OTX-TKI (phase 1), and Durasert (preclinical). Suprachoroidal delivery of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, axitinib, is in preclinical studies. Genetic therapies in phase 1 studies include RGX-314 and ADVM-022, which introduce a viral vector that modifies the retina's cellular apparatus to create an anti-VEGF biofactory, potentially serving as a one-time treatment. Further investigation is warranted for drugs and delivery systems that hope to advance visual outcomes and reduce treatment burden of nAMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilal A Shaukat
- Retina Associates Ltd, Elmhurst, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren M Ciulla
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audina M Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136,USA
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136,USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
REAL-WORLD EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF RANIBIZUMAB TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY: Twelve-Month Results From the LUMINOUS Study. Retina 2021; 40:1529-1539. [PMID: 31385918 PMCID: PMC7392585 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Twelve-month results from LUMINOUS support the use of ranibizumab as an effective first-line therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Higher baseline visual acuity and adequate injection frequency were associated with better visual acuity outcomes. No new safety signals were identified. Purpose: To evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg in treatment-naive patients with and without polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: Assessment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients with or without PCV after 12 months of ranibizumab treatment during the LUMINOUS study. Outcome measures were visual acuity and central retinal thickness changes from baseline and the rate of ocular adverse events. Results: At baseline, 572 and 5,644 patients were diagnosed with and without PCV, respectively. The mean visual acuity gain from baseline at Month 12 in the PCV and non-PCV groups was +5.0 and +3.0 letters, respectively; these gains were achieved with a mean of 4.4 and 5.1 ranibizumab injections. Eighty percent of PCV patients and 72.2% of non-PCV patients who had baseline visual acuity ≥73 letters maintained this level of vision at Month 12; 20.6% and 17.9% of patients with baseline visual acuity <73 letters achieved visual acuity ≥73 letters in these groups. Greater reductions in central retinal thickness from baseline were also observed for the PCV group versus the non-PCV group. The rate of serious ocular adverse events was 0.7% (PCV group) and 0.9% (non-PCV group). Conclusion: LUMINOUS confirms the effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab in treatment-naive patients with PCV.
Collapse
|
9
|
Beka S, Strauss RW, Podkowinski D, Mursch-Edlmayr AS, Mariacher S, Hofer AS, Bolz M. Efficacy of a disease management program of a tertiary center and ophthalmologic practitioners for the treatment of neovascular age related macular degeneration. Ophthalmologica 2021; 245:10-18. [PMID: 34023820 DOI: 10.1159/000517188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Beka
- Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria,
| | - Rupert Wolfgang Strauss
- Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Dominika Podkowinski
- Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Anna Sophie Mursch-Edlmayr
- Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Siegfried Mariacher
- Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Bolz
- Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mehta H, Kim LN, Mathis T, Zalmay P, Ghanchi F, Amoaku WM, Kodjikian L. Trends in Real-World Neovascular AMD Treatment Outcomes in the UK. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:3331-3342. [PMID: 33116384 PMCID: PMC7569079 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s275977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report trends in real-world outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the United Kingdom (UK) over the last decade. Design Systematic review. Methods Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from 9 April 2010 to 8 April 2020 for publications that met the inclusion criteria: treatment-naïve eyes, UK-only data and ≥1 year of follow-up. ICHOM (International Consortium for Health Outcome Measures) outcomes and study quality were assessed. Visual acuity (VA) trends were assessed in studies with ≥100 eyes at baseline. Results Twenty-six studies (n=25,761 eyes) were included, meeting 14–17 out of 20 Institute of Health Economics Quality Appraisal of Case Series checklist domains. Only ranibizumab and aflibercept outcome data were available. The mean injection number in the first year of treatment was 5.9 in publications from 2010 to 2015 and 7.1 from 2015 to 2020. Average baseline VA and mean one-year, two-year and three-year VA gains gradually improved over the last decade. Longer-term studies reported that the visual gains achieved in the first year of treatment were rarely maintained, with under-treatment a likely contributing factor. Conclusion UK real-world outcomes have improved over the last decade with improved service delivery and the adoption of more proactive treatment regimens but are still not always as impressive as registration clinical trial results. Access to longer-acting anti-VEGF therapies would reduce the treatment burden for patients, carers, and the healthcare system, potentially making replication of clinical trial results possible in the NHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemal Mehta
- Ophthalmology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Macular Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leah N Kim
- Macular Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thibaud Mathis
- Service d'ophtalmologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire UMR-CNRS 5510 Matéis, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Pardis Zalmay
- Ophthalmology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Faruque Ghanchi
- Ophthalmology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Winfried M Amoaku
- Academic Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Eye and ENT Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laurent Kodjikian
- Service d'ophtalmologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire UMR-CNRS 5510 Matéis, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hussain RM, Weng CY, Wykoff CC, Gandhi RA, Hariprasad SM. Abicipar pegol for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1782379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Y. Weng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles C. Wykoff
- Retina Consultants of Houston, Blanton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Seenu M. Hariprasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meira J, Carneiro J, Madeira C, Falcão M, Beato J, Correia S, Falcão-Reis F, Carneiro Â. Effectiveness of treat-and-extend versus pro re nata regimens in the treatment of Neovascular Age Macular Degeneration: A Real World Comparison. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2020; 95:263-270. [PMID: 32370878 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate and compare the visual and morphological results of Pro re nata (PRN) and treat-and-extend (T&E) treatment regimens at 3 years in real world clinical practice. METHODS Retrospective study of patients with neovascular age macular degeneration (AMD) treated with anti-VEGF with 3 years of continuous follow-up and no previous anti-VEGF treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) and number of intravitreal injections outcomes were tested for statistical differences between the two groups at baseline and during follow-up. RESULTS A total of 240 eyes were included in the study, 170 in the PRN group and 70 in the T&E group. At 12 months, mean BCVA (ETDRS letters) gain from baseline was at its highest point in the T&E group (+6.38±13.32; p=0.25). In the PRN group, BCVA peaked at 3 months and slowly decreased until end of follow-up. With both regimens, from baseline, CFT continued to decrease until the second year (PRN -138.81 [-846.7 to +162.77] and T&E -81 [-604 to +100] μm, p=0.06). After that, T&E group maintained this tendency, reaching the lowest CFT value at 36 months, whereas PRN group showed an increased in CFT values (PRN -104 [-807.7 to +297] μm and T&E -103 [-575 to +244], μm p=0.63). Patients treated with T&E regimen received a significantly higher number of injections (PRN 16.3±7.6 vs T&E 23.9 ±9.4, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated a trend towards for T&E to achieve higher marks in BCVA, peaking at 12 months, and lower CFT thickness at the end of three years. Despite the higher number of injections performed in the T&E group the mean BCVA reverts to baseline values at 3 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Meira
- Departmento de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - J Carneiro
- Departamento de Cirugía y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Madeira
- Departmento de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Falcão
- Departmento de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Cirugía y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Beato
- Departmento de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Cirugía y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Correia
- EpiUnit - Instituto de Salud Pública Universidad de Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Salud Pública y Ciencias Forenses y Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Falcão-Reis
- Departmento de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Cirugía y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Â Carneiro
- Departmento de Oftalmologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Cirugía y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF AUTOLOGOUS RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND CHOROID TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXUDATIVE AND ATROPHIC MACULOPATHIES. Retina 2020; 40:507-520. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Carrasco J, Pietsch GA, Nicolas MP, Koerber C, Bennison C, Yoon J. Real-World Effectiveness and Real-World Cost-Effectiveness of Intravitreal Aflibercept and Intravitreal Ranibizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Real-World Studies. Adv Ther 2020; 37:300-315. [PMID: 31728825 PMCID: PMC6979459 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) has evolved with the advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents such that intravitreally administered aflibercept and ranibizumab (RBZ) have become the standard of care. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the benefits of these agents in nAMD; however, results achieved under RCT protocols may not always be replicated in clinical practice. Assessing real-world outcomes is important to estimate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these two agents. Our objective was to assess the real-world effectiveness of intravitreally administered aflibercept and RBZ in treatment-naive patients with nAMD and determine the cost-effectiveness of intravitreally administered aflibercept versus RBZ in a real-world setting. Methods A multistage approach was undertaken. A systematic literature review (SLR) was completed to identify studies describing real-world outcomes in patients with nAMD treated intravitreally with aflibercept or RBZ. A meta-analysis of data identified in the SLR generated a pooled estimate of the effectiveness of intravitreally administered aflibercept and RBZ at 52 weeks and an estimate of treatment burden (injection frequency and monitoring). The impact of treatment effect modifiers, such as baseline visual acuity (VA) and age, were corrected through a multivariable meta-regression. A Markov state transition model was developed to estimate the real-world cost-effectiveness of intravitreally administered aflibercept using results from the pooled estimates for effectiveness and treatment burden as primary inputs. The analysis considered the perspective of the French National Healthcare System. Results Patients treated intravitreally with aflibercept had a mean age of 79.52 years and mean baseline VA of 55.80 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters. At week 52, mean VA gain was 5.30 ETDRS letters in patients reporting an average of 7.10 intravitreal injections of aflibercept and 8.65 visits (injection and/or monitoring). RBZ-treated patients were younger (77.28 years), with a lower mean baseline VA (52.81 ETDRS letters). At week 52, mean VA gain from baseline was 4.24 ETDRS letters, with an average of 5.88 injections and 10.10 visits (injection and/or monitoring). After correcting for differences in age (77.28 years) and baseline VA (52.81 ETDRS letters) and considering the current clinical practice with aflibercept and RBZ, the mean VA gain was 6.57 ETDRS letters for patients treated intravitreally with aflibercept and 4.42 ETDRS for patients treated intravitreally with RBZ. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that intravitreally administered aflibercept is a more effective treatment option with an incremental gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (4.918 versus 4.880) and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €27,087 per QALY. Conclusions The analysis identified differences in the overall treatment approach and how ophthalmologists use intravitreally administered aflibercept and RBZ in clinical practice. These differences ultimately influence the mean real-world effectiveness of the two agents. Intravitreal treatment with aflibercept (injection frequency and patients follow-up) was consistent and in line with the European label recommendations. Patients treated intravitreally with aflibercept in clinical practice reported a mean gain in VA of similar magnitude to the mean VA gain reported in the pivotal RCT. Conversely, treatment with RBZ varied significantly across the different studies. On average, RBZ-treated patients reported a low injection frequency and a frequent follow-up, driven in part by the high number of patients treated with pro re nata (PRN) regimens. RBZ-treated patients reported gains in VA versus baseline; however, the magnitude of the gain in VA was not comparable to the VA gains reported in the RBZ pivotal RCT. Intravitreal treatment with aflibercept was associated with better mean VA outcomes and an incremental gain in QALYs compared with RBZ and can be considered cost-effective for the treatment of nAMD in patients in France despite a higher price for each individual intravitreal injection of aflibercept compared with RBZ. Funding Bayer AG, Basel. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-019-01147-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
15
|
Khanani AM, Skelly A, Bezlyak V, Griner R, Torres LR, Sagkriotis A. SIERRA-AMD: A Retrospective, Real-World Evidence Study of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 4:122-133. [PMID: 31812631 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterize real-world baseline visual acuity (VA) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment patterns in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients in 2012-2015. DESIGN Retrospective, multicenter, noninterventional real-world evidence study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 98 821 eyes from 79 885 patients receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. METHODS Anonymized patient data routinely collected over 5 years were extracted from 58 United States centers to a central database using an electronic medical records system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Baseline VA, VA change from baseline, treatment frequencies, annual anti-VEGF injections, bilateral treatment frequencies, annual total clinic visits, and noninjection clinic visits. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were comparable across years. Baseline VAs (Mean±standard deviation [SD] Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters) were similar for 2012, 2013, and 2014 (53.6±23.3, 53.2±23.4, and 53.1±23.6, respectively), but was lower for 2015 (50.7±24.4). In eyes with 4-year follow-up, VA changes from baseline (ETDRS letters) were least squares means of +1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0;1.3), -1.3 (95%CI, -1.5;-1.0), and -3.1 (95%CI, -3.5;-2.7), and -5.2 (95%CI, -6.0;-4.3) for years 1-4. Mean±SD number of injections was 7.5±1.9, 6.7±2.1, 6.6±2.3, and 6.4±2.3 for years 1-4. By year 4, 36.7% of eyes had ≤8-week dosing intervals (q8w) and 21.2% had ≥12-week dosing intervals. Eyes treated q8w increased 40% from Year 1 (32.4%) to Year 4 (45.3%). Baseline bilateral treatment frequency was 6.1%. Of the patients treated bilaterally, 32.0% received the first treatment in the better-seeing eye, and 68.0% received first treatment in an eye with vision the same as or worse than the fellow-eye. This trend was evident across all index years. CONCLUSIONS This real-world study describes the treatment burden, initiation and monitoring patterns, and VA outcomes at a scale and timeframe that has not been previously reported. In this cohort, baseline VA was similar for the index years 2012-2014, but lower for 2015. In patients with 4-year follow-up, both VA and injection frequency declined, whereas the proportion of eyes treated more frequently than the recommended q8w interval increased. The reduction in dosing intervals may be a consequence of intensification of treatment due to year-on-year VA loss and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad M Khanani
- Sierra Eye Associates, Reno, Nevada; The University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENTS IN EYES WITH NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. Retina 2019; 38:2103-2117. [PMID: 29697591 PMCID: PMC6221406 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search suggests that anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is effective in treating eyes with pigment epithelial detachment due to neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This therapy should focus primarily on vision gains because there is no apparent correlation between anatomical and functional improvement in most eyes with pigment epithelial detachment and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Purpose: This review aimed to determine the optimal management of retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based on review of available evidence in the literature. Methods: A comprehensive literature review evaluates previous retrospective and prospective studies that assessed the treatment of PEDs in nAMD. Results: Studies illustrated that anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy can be effective in eyes with PED secondary to nAMD. Similar visual outcomes are associated with different anti-VEGF treatments. Higher anti-VEGF doses may improve anatomical response, without correlation with vision improvement. Fibrovascular PEDs may be difficult to treat, but even these eyes can gain vision with anti-VEGF therapy. A retinal pigment epithelial tear may develop in 15% to 20% of eyes with PEDs after anti-VEGF therapy, especially in PEDs greater than 500 µm to 600 µm in height; however, vision may stabilize with continued therapy. Atrophy may complicate eyes with PED and nAMD after anti-VEGF therapy, especially in association with complete PED resolution. Conclusion: Available literature suggests that anti-VEGF therapy is safe and efficacious for PED and nAMD. Treatment should focus on vision gains rather than PED resolution because there is no apparent correlation between anatomical and functional improvement in most eyes with PED and nAMD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Khersan H, Hussain RM, Ciulla TA, Dugel PU. Innovative therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1879-1891. [PMID: 31298960 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1636031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Investigational anti-VEGF treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) aim to improve visual outcomes and reduce treatment burden; these include long-acting agents, combination strategies, topical agents, sustained-release, and genetic therapies. Areas covered: The authors provide a comprehensive review of investigational therapies for nAMD, focusing on therapies currently in clinical trial. Expert opinion: Long-acting anti-VEGF agents have demonstrated promising results in phase 3 studies, and include Brolucizumab, a single-chain antibody fragment, and Abicipar, a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin). Other unique anti-VEGF agents in current trials include Conbercept - a fusion protein of the VEGF receptor domains, KSI-301 - an anti-VEGF antibody biopolymer conjugate, and OPT-302 - an inhibitor of VEGF-C/D. Strategies to activate the Tie-2 receptor, some in combination with VEGF inhibition, are of interest, with recent trials of Faricimab, ARP-1536, and nesvacumab. Topical anti-VEGF ± anti-PDGF agents, such as pazopanib, squalamine lactate, regorafenib, and LHA510 have shown limited efficacy and/or have not been advanced, although PAN-90806 continues to advance with promising initial results. Sustained-release anti-VEGF treatments, to address treatment burden, include the ranibizumab Port Delivery System, GB-102, NT-503, hydrogel depot, Durasert, and ENV1305. Similarly, genetic therapies, including RGX-314 and ADVM-022, aim to provide sustained anti-VEGF expression from the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasenin Al-Khersan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Rehan M Hussain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Thomas A Ciulla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,Retina Service, Midwest Eye Institute , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,Clearside Biomedical , Alpharetta , GA , USA
| | - Pravin U Dugel
- Retinal Consultants of Arizona , Phoenix , Arizona.,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ciulla TA, Hussain RM, Pollack JS, Williams DF. Visual Acuity Outcomes and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy Intensity in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients: A Real-World Analysis of 49 485 Eyes. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 4:19-30. [PMID: 31324588 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy intensity and its relationship with visual acuity (VA) change in real-world neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. DESIGN This retrospective analysis was performed on a large database of aggregated, longitudinal, de-identified electronic medical records from a geographically and demographically diverse sample of patients of United States retina specialists (Vestrum Health Retina Database). PARTICIPANTS Treatment-naïve nAMD patients who underwent anti-VEGF injections between January 1, 2012, and October 31, 2016, were eligible if follow-up data were available before October 31, 2017. METHODS Age, gender, anti-VEGF treatment type, number of treatments, and VA were extracted from the database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mean VA change assessed at 1 year and stratified based on number of anti-VEGF injections received over 1 year. RESULTS In this analysis, 49 485 eyes were included. The mean age was 80.9 years, and 64% were female. Mean baseline VA was 53.8 letters (Snellen equivalent, 20/80). At 1 year, after a mean of 7.3 anti-VEGF injections, there was a mean gain of 1 letter (0.95 letter; 95% confidence interval [CI] for change in VA, +0.77 to +1.13 letter; P < 0.001). When stratified by anti-VEGF agent, the mean VA changes were nearly identical at 1 year. There was a linear relationship between mean letters gained and mean number of injections, between 4 and 10 injections over 1 year, with 4 or fewer or 10 or more injections associated with loss of vision or a plateau, respectively. Greater mean 1-year change in VA also trended with worse baseline VA; those patients with better VA at presentation tended to be particularly vulnerable to vision loss. Those who received the fewest injections tended to be older and have worse baseline VA. CONCLUSIONS Real-world nAMD patients receive fewer anti-VEGF injections and experience worse visual outcomes compared with patients receiving fixed, frequent therapy in randomized controlled trials. Mean change in VA correlates with treatment intensity at 1 year, but with ceiling effects related to treatment intensity and baseline VA. Older patients and those with poor baseline VA may be particularly prone to undertreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ciulla
- Indiana University School of Medicine and Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Rehan M Hussain
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - John S Pollack
- Rush University Medical Center and Illinois Retina Associates, Chicago, Illinois; Vestrum Health, Naperville, Illinois
| | - David F Williams
- Vestrum Health, Naperville, Illinois; VitreoRetinal Surgery, PA, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gale RP, Mahmood S, Devonport H, Patel PJ, Ross AH, Walters G, Downey L, El-Sherbiny S, Freeman M, Berry S, Jain N. Action on neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD): recommendations for management and service provision in the UK hospital eye service. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1-21. [PMID: 30926932 PMCID: PMC6474281 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This report by a group of UK retina specialists and health professionals considers best practice recommendations for the management of sight-threatening neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), based on collective experience and expertise in routine clinical practice. The authors provide an update for ophthalmologists, allied healthcare professionals and commissioners on practice principles for optimal patient care and service provision standards. Refinement of care pathways for nAMD has improved access to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy but there are still variations in care and reported outcomes between clinic centres. Innovative organisational models of service provision allow providers to better match capacity with increasing demand. The authors review the recent NICE guideline for diagnosis and management of AMD, considerations for switching therapies and stopping treatment and need for regular monitoring of non-affected fellow eyes in patients with unilateral nAMD. Actions for delivery of high-quality care and to improve long-term patient outcomes are discussed. Local pathways need to detail nAMD target time to treat, maintenance of review intervals to ensure proactive treatment regimens are delivered on time and appropriate discharge for patients deemed low risk or no longer benefiting from treatment. Actual visual acuity outcomes achieved and maintenance of the level of vision when disease stability is achieved are considered good measures for judging the quality of care in the treatment of patients with nAMD. Robust community referral pathways must be in place for suspected reactivation of choroidal neovascularisation and rapid referral for second eye involvement. Practical considerations for intravitreal injection therapy are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Gale
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK.
- The York Hospital, York, UK.
| | - Sajjad Mahmood
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Devonport
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Praveen J Patel
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Adam H Ross
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin Walters
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, UK
| | - Louise Downey
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Samer El-Sherbiny
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwickshire, UK
| | - Mary Freeman
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon Berry
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- Simon Berry Optometrist, Durham, UK
| | - Nitin Jain
- The Action on nAMD Group, Birmingham, UK
- Bayer, Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guo MY, Etminan M, Cheng JZ, Zafari Z, Maberley DAL. One-Year Effectiveness Study of Intravitreous Ranibizumab in Wet (Neovascular) Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis. Pharmacotherapy 2018; 38:197-204. [PMID: 29286545 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical efficacy of ranibizumab has been examined by a large number of prospective and retrospective studies to date. This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the current body of evidence on visual acuity (VA) changes with use of ranibizumab in the treatment of wet (neovascular) age-related macular degeneration (wAMD). METHODS A literature review of multiple electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, MedMEME) was conducted to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that reported changes in VA while patients with wAMD were on ranibizumab. Study factors analyzed were baseline patient characteristics, study type, sample size, and 12-month change in VA. Data were pooled in a meta-analysis with VA change as the main outcome. Data were then stratified by study design and a meta-regression was conducted to assess 12-month VA change against baseline VA and age. RESULTS A total of 42 studies were included for analysis. An overall increase of 5.58 letters (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.42-6.75; p heterogeneity, < 0.001) was shown with use of ranibizumab compared to baseline. Improvements in VA were larger for RCTs, at 7.71 letters (95% CI: 6.66-8.76; p heterogeneity, 0.013), compared to observational studies, at 4.85 letters (95% CI: 3.32-6.38; p heterogeneity, < 0.001). The meta-regression showed a significant decrease in effect size between baseline VA and 12-month VA change. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests visual improvements at 12 months of 0.5-mg ranibizumab use in patients with wAMD. A higher gain in VA was observed when pooling results from RCTs compared to those in observational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mahyar Etminan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jasmine Z Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zafar Zafari
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David A L Maberley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mehta H, Tufail A, Daien V, Lee AY, Nguyen V, Ozturk M, Barthelmes D, Gillies MC. Real-world outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 65:127-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Ciulla TA, Huang F, Westby K, Williams DF, Zaveri S, Patel SC. Real-world Outcomes of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States. Ophthalmol Retina 2018; 2:645-653. [PMID: 31047372 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Real-world visual outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have been reported in cohorts outside of the United States. This study sought to assess the relationship between presenting visual acuity (VA) and visual outcomes, as well as the potential impact of loss to follow-up, in real-world anti-VEGF-treated nAMD patients from the United States. DESIGN Retrospective study of aggregated, longitudinal electronic medical records obtained from a geographically diverse sample of US retina specialists and included in the Vestrum Health Retina Database. PARTICIPANTS Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of nAMD, no previous treatment, and ≥3 monthly anti-VEGF injections in the first 4 months from diagnosis in patients diagnosed between January 2011 and July 2013. METHODS To model loss to follow-up, mutually exclusive cohorts of nAMD patients with loss to follow-up after specific time points of 6 and 12 months (i.e., no follow-up beyond) were compared with a separate cohort of patients who completed 24 months of follow-up ending prior to July 2015 (n = 2213). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE VA outcomes were assessed on each cohort as a whole, with additional stratification by baseline VA. RESULTS The 6-, 12-, and 24-month cohorts received means of 5.4, 7.3, and 12.1 injections and showed no change, no change, and a mean change of +3.1 letters from baseline (95% confidence interval 1.8-4.4 letters, P < 0.01), respectively. When stratified by baseline VA, nearly all groups lose VA at their respective follow-up periods, except for those with baseline VA of 20/200 or worse. CONCLUSIONS Real-world nAMD patients in the United States receive fewer anti-VEGF injections and experience worse visual outcomes compared with patients in randomized clinical trials, consistent with non-US studies. Patients with better VA at presentation tend to be particularly vulnerable to vision loss. Compared with other patients, those ultimately lost to follow-up have worse visual outcomes at, or prior to, their final visit, suggesting that loss to follow-up may lead to overestimation of visual outcomes in clinical studies of nAMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David F Williams
- VitreoRetinal Surgery, PA, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Vestrum Health, Naperville, Illinois
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dispensing Patterns of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept for the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Australia. Adv Ther 2017; 34:2585-2600. [PMID: 29164480 PMCID: PMC5709459 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is the standard of care for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The dosage of two licensed agents, ranibizumab and aflibercept, was established through clinical trials; however, it is unclear if either agent is administered as recommended in routine clinical practice. Using pharmacy claims data, we investigated if the dispensing patterns of ranibizumab differ from those of aflibercept 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation. METHODS Prescription data retrieved from the Australian IMS® AUS LRx database were used to identify nAMD patients with one or more claims for ranibizumab or aflibercept between December 1, 2012, and March 31, 2015, with follow-up of at least 6 months. The number of ranibizumab and aflibercept units dispensed was adjusted for baseline patient Medication-Based Disease Burden Index (MBDBI) scores. No difference in the number of ranibizumab versus aflibercept units dispensed was concluded if the 95% confidence interval (CI) limits of the adjusted mean difference between the study cohorts were 1.00 unit or less. RESULTS Baseline patient MBDBI scores were similar for the ranibizumab (N = 1235) and aflibercept (N = 959) cohorts. The adjusted mean (standard deviation) number of units dispensed was 5.3 (1.3) versus 5.1 (1.4) at month 6 and 8.9 (2.2) versus 8.9 (2.3) at month 12. The 95% CI limits of the adjusted mean difference did not exceed 1.00 unit dispensed at either time point: 95% CI of 0.09 to 0.32 for an adjusted mean difference of 0.20 at month 6 and -0.23 to 0.30 for an adjusted mean difference of 0.04 at month 12. Mean (standard deviation) dispensing intervals were comparable for both cohorts: 35.3 (19.2) days versus 36.8 (20.0) days at month 6 (adjusted mean difference -1.59 days; 95% CI -2.51 to -0.67 days) and 41.2 (20.9) days versus 41.6 (20.4) days at month 12 (adjusted mean difference -0.40 days; 95% CI -1.70 to 0.91 days). CONCLUSIONS Ranibizumab and aflibercept are dispensed in a similar manner by Australian pharmacies during the first year of treatment. FUNDING Novartis Pharma AG.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bracha P, Moore NA, Ciulla TA. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1113-1126. [PMID: 28664762 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1346079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), stem cells could possibly replace or regenerate disrupted pathologic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and produce supportive growth factors and cytokines such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived RPE was first subretinally transplanted in a neovascular AMD patient in 2014. Areas covered: Induced PSCs are derived from the introduction of transcription factors to adult cells under specific cell culture conditions, followed by differentiation into RPE cells. Induced PSC-derived RPE cells exhibit ion transport, membrane potential, polarized VEGF secretion and gene expression that is similar to native RPE. Despite having similar in vitro function, morphology, immunostaining and microscopic analysis, it remains to be seen if iPSC-derived RPE can replicate the myriad of in vivo functions, including immunomodulatory effects, of native RPE cells. Historically, adjuvant RPE transplantation during CNV resections were technically difficult and complicated by immune rejection. Autologous iPSCs are hypothesized to reduce the risk of immune rejection, but their production is time-consuming and expensive. Alternatively, allogenic transplantation using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched iPSCs, similar to HLA-matched organ transplantation, is currently being investigated. Expert opinion: Challenges to successful transplantation with iPSCs include surgical technique, a pathologic subretinal microenvironment, possible immune rejection, and complications of immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bracha
- a Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Nicholas A Moore
- a Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Thomas A Ciulla
- a Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,b Retina Service , Midwest Eye Institute , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jaffe GJ, Ciulla TA, Ciardella AP, Devin F, Dugel PU, Eandi CM, Masonson H, Monés J, Pearlman JA, Quaranta-El Maftouhi M, Ricci F, Westby K, Patel SC. Dual Antagonism of PDGF and VEGF in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
26
|
The UK Neovascular AMD Database Report 3: inter-centre variation in visual acuity outcomes and establishing real-world measures of care. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1462-1468. [PMID: 27419839 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeInternational variations in visual acuity (VA) outcomes of eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are well-documented, but intra-country inter-centre regional variations are not known. These data are important for national quality outcome indicators. We aimed to determine intra-country and inter-centre regional variations in outcomes for treatment of nAMD.Patients and methodsProspective multicentre national database study of 13 UK centres that treated patients according to a set protocol (three loading doses, followed by Pro-Re-Nata retreatment). A total of 5811 treatment naive eyes of 5205 patients received a total of 36 206 ranibizumab injections over 12 months.ResultsMean starting VA between centres varied from 48.9 to 59.9 ETDRS letters. Mean inter-centre VA change from baseline to 12 months varied from +6.9 letters to -0.6 letters (mean of +2.5 letters). The proportion of eyes achieving VA of 70 letters or more varied between 21.9 and 48.7% at 12 months. Median number of injections (visits) at each centre varied from 5 to 8 (9 to 12), with an overall median of 6 (11). Age, starting VA, number of injections, and visits, but not gender were significantly associated with variation in these VA outcomes (P<0.01). Significant variation between centres persisted even after adjusting for these factors.ConclusionThere are modest differences in VA outcomes between centres in the UK. These differences are influenced, but not completely explained, by factors such as patient age, starting VA, number of injections, and visits. These data provide an indication of the VA outcomes that are achievable in real-world settings.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ranibizumab for the treatment of wet AMD: a summary of real-world studies. Eye (Lond) 2015; 30:270-86. [PMID: 26634711 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from real-world studies of ranibizumab in neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration suggest that outcomes in clinical practice fail to match those seen in clinical trials. These real-world studies follow treatment regimens that differ from the fixed dosing used in the pivotal clinical trial programme. To better understand the effectiveness of ranibizumab in clinical practice, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 12-month outcomes reported in peer-reviewed 'real-world' publications. Key measures included in our analysis were mean change in visual acuity (VA) and the proportion of patients gaining ≥15 letters or losing ≤15 letters. Twenty studies were eligible for inclusion in our study, with 18 358 eyes having sufficient data for analysis of 12-month outcomes. Mean baseline VA ranged from 48.8 to 61.6 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. Mean change in VA was between -2.0 and +5.5 letters, with a grand mean of +2.9±3.2, and a weighted mean (adjusted for the number of eyes in the study) of +1.95. Eleven studies reported that 19±7.5 (mean value) of patients gained ≥15 letters, while in 12 studies the mean percentage of patient losing ≤15 letters was 89±6.5%. Our comprehensive analysis of real-world ranibizumab study data confirm that patient outcomes are considerably poorer than those reported in randomised control trials of both fixed and pro re nata regimens.
Collapse
|
28
|
Airody A, Venugopal D, Allgar V, Gale RP. Clinical characteristics and outcomes after 5 years pro re nata treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with ranibizumab. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e511-2. [PMID: 25488611 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Airody
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology; York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; York North Yorkshire UK
| | - Divya Venugopal
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology; York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; York North Yorkshire UK
| | - Victoria Allgar
- Department of Health Sciences; University of York; York North Yorkshire UK
| | - Richard P. Gale
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology; York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; York North Yorkshire UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferreira A, Sagkriotis A, Olson M, Lu J, Makin C, Milnes F. Treatment Frequency and Dosing Interval of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Routine Clinical Practice in the USA. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208030 PMCID: PMC4514835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare treatment patterns of intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a real-world setting over the first 12 months of treatment. Methods A proprietary clinical database was used to identify treatment-naïve patients with nAMD in the USA with claims for ranibizumab or aflibercept between November 1, 2011 and November 30, 2013 and with follow-up of at least 12 months. Patients were considered treatment-naïve if they had no anti-VEGF treatment code for 6 months before the index date. Mean numbers of injections and of non-injection visits to a treating physician were compared between the two treatment cohorts (ranibizumab or aflibercept). In addition, the mean interval between doses was also investigated. Results Patient characteristics were similar for those receiving either ranibizumab (n = 5421) or aflibercept (n = 3506) at the index date. The mean (± standard deviation) numbers of injections received by patients treated with ranibizumab (4.9 ± 3.3) or aflibercept (5.2 ± 2.9) were not clinically different. The mean number of non-injection visits was 2.8 ± 2.8 and 2.1 ± 2.5 for ranibizumab and aflibercept, respectively. Mean dosing interval was 51.0 days (± 41.8 days) in patients receiving ranibizumab and 54.1 days (± 36.0 days) in those receiving aflibercept. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses for definition of treatment-naïve, length of follow-up and treatment in the index eye only. Conclusions Limited data exist regarding real-world treatment patterns of aflibercept for the management of nAMD. Our results suggest that, in routine clinical practice, patients receive a comparable number of injections in the first year of treatment with ranibizumab or aflibercept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingsong Lu
- IMS Health, Plymouth Meeting, PA, United States of America
| | - Charles Makin
- IMS Health, Plymouth Meeting, PA, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zarranz-Ventura J, Liew G, Johnston RL, Xing W, Akerele T, McKibbin M, Downey L, Natha S, Chakravarthy U, Bailey C, Khan R, Antcliff R, Armstrong S, Varma A, Kumar V, Tsaloumas M, Mandal K, Bunce C, Tufail A. The Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Database. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:1966-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
31
|
Murray CD, Wood D, Allgar V, Walters G, Gale RP. Short-term intraocular pressure trends following intravitreal ranibizumab injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration-the role of oral acetazolamide in protecting glaucoma patients. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1218-22. [PMID: 25081290 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of oral acetazolamide on lowering the peak and duration of intraocular pressure (IOP) rise in glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients, following intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS The study was an open-label, parallel, randomised, controlled trial (EudraCT Number: 2010-023037-35). Twenty-four glaucoma or glaucoma suspect patients received either 500 mg acetazolamide or no treatment 60-90 min before 0.5 mg ranibizumab. The primary outcome measure was the difference in IOP immediately after injection (T0) and 5, 10, and 30 min following injection. ANCOVA was used to compare groups, adjusting for baseline IOP. The study was powered to detect a 9-mm Hg difference at T0. RESULTS The IOP at T0 was 2.3 mm Hg higher in the non-treated group (mean 44.5 mm Hg, range (19-86 mm Hg)) compared with the treated group (mean 42.2 mm Hg, range (25-58 mm Hg)), but was not statistically significant after adjusting for baseline IOP (P=0.440). At 30 min, IOP was 4.9 mm Hg higher in the non-treated group (mean 20.6 mm Hg, range (11-46 mm Hg)) compared with the treated group (mean 15.7 mm Hg, range (8-21 mm Hg)). This was statistically significant after adjusting for baseline IOP (P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS Although the primary end points were not reached, 500 mg oral acetazolamide, 60-90 min before intravitreal injection, results in a statistically significant reduction in IOP at 3O min post injection. Prophylactic treatment may be considered as an option to minimise neuro-retinal rim damage in high-risk glaucoma patients who are most vulnerable to IOP spikes and undergoing repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Murray
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - D Wood
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - V Allgar
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - G Walters
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - R P Gale
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The neovascular age-related macular degeneration database: multicenter study of 92 976 ranibizumab injections: report 1: visual acuity. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:1092-101. [PMID: 24461586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study real-world ranibizumab therapy for treatment-naïve eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and to benchmark standards of care. DESIGN Multicenter, national nAMD database study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 92 976 treatment episodes from 12 951 eyes of 11 135 patients. METHODS Up to 5 years of routinely collected, anonymized data were extracted remotely from 14 United Kingdom centers to a central database using an electronic medical record (EMR) system. Participating centers used ranibizumab to treat nAMD using a loading phase of 3 monthly injections and a pro re nata retreatment regimen. The minimum data set defined before first patient data entry and mandated by the EMR system included age, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity (VA) at all visits, and injection episodes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Baseline VA, change in VA, number of treatments and clinic visits, and baseline characteristics affecting VA change. RESULTS Information from more than 300 000 clinic visits (2.8 million data points) were collated. Mean age at first treatment was 79.1 years, with a female preponderance of 1.7:1. Mean VA (letters) for eyes followed up for at least 3 years from a baseline of 55 letters was 57 (+2) letters at 1 year, 56 (+1) letters at 2 years, and 53 (-2) letters at 3 years. The proportion of eyes that avoided moderate vision loss at years 1, 2, and 3 were 90%, 84%, and 82%, respectively. The proportion of eyes with VA of 20/40 or better were: baseline, 16%; year 1, 30%; year 2, 30%; and year 3, 29%. The median number of treatments for eyes followed up for at least 3 years in years 1, 2 and 3 was 5, 4, and 4, respectively, and the median number of outpatient visits was 9.2, 8.2, and 8.2, respectively. Baseline VA was related inversely to mean vision gain at 3 months. Older age was associated with lower presenting VA. CONCLUSIONS Real-world visual outcomes achieved at a large number of centers across the United Kingdom do not match the results achieved in most randomized trials, but they were delivered with substantially fewer injections and hospital visits. This study provides important benchmark results that should be of interest to patients, retina specialists, and commissioners of health care. This study demonstrates the EMR system's potential usefulness for future phase 4 and 5 clinical trials.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chavan R, Panneerselvam S, Adhana P, Narendran N, Yang Y. Bilateral visual outcomes and service utilization of patients treated for 3 years with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:717-23. [PMID: 24748766 PMCID: PMC3986417 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s60763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to describe bilateral visual outcomes and the effect of incomplete follow-up after 3 years of ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Secondarily, the demands on service provision over a 3-year period were described. Methods Data on visual acuity, hospital visits, and injections were collected over 36 months on consecutive patients commencing treatment over a 9-month period. Visual outcome was determined for 1) all patients, using last observation carried forward for missed visits due to early discontinuation and 2) only those patients completing full 36-month follow-up. Results Over 3 years, 120 patients cumulatively attended hospital for 1,823 noninjection visits and 1,365 injection visits. A visual acuity loss of <15 letters (L) was experienced by 78.2% of patients. For all patients (n=120), there was a mean loss of 1.68 L using last observation carried forward for missing values. Excluding five patients who died and 30 who discontinued follow-up, mean gain was 1.47 L. In bilateral cases, final acuity was on average 9 L better in second eyes compared to first eyes. Also, 91% of better-seeing eyes continued to be the better-seeing eye. Conclusion We have demonstrated our approach to describing the long-term service provision and visual outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a consecutive cohort of patients. Although there was a heavy burden with very frequent injections and clinic visits, patients can expect a good level of visual stability and a very high chance of maintaining their better-seeing eye for up to 3 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randhir Chavan
- Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
| | - Swati Panneerselvam
- Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
| | - Parul Adhana
- Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nirodhini Narendran
- Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK
| | - Yit Yang
- Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK ; Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Keenan TDL, Kelly SP, Sallam A, Mohamed Q, Tufail A, Johnston RL. Incidence and baseline clinical characteristics of treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a well-defined region of the UK. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97:1168-72. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|