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Chen YS, Gehring K. New insights into the structure and function of CNNM proteins. FEBS J 2023; 290:5475-5495. [PMID: 37222397 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ) is the most abundant divalent cation in cells and plays key roles in almost all biological processes. CBS-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are a newly characterized class of Mg2+ transporters present throughout biology. Originally discovered in bacteria, there are four CNNM proteins in humans, which are involved in divalent cation transport, genetic diseases, and cancer. Eukaryotic CNNMs are composed of four domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)-pair domain, and a cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain. The transmembrane and CBS-pair core are the defining features of CNNM proteins with over 20 000 protein sequences known from over 8000 species. Here, we review the structural and functional studies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic CNNMs that underlie our understanding of their regulation and mechanism of ion transport. Recent structures of prokaryotic CNNMs confirm the transmembrane domain mediates ion transport with the CBS-pair domain likely playing a regulatory role through binding divalent cations. Studies of mammalian CNNMs have identified new binding partners. These advances are driving progress in understanding this deeply conserved and widespread family of ion transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Li H, Huang Y, Li J, Xie M. Novel homozygous nonsynonymous variant of CNNM4 gene in a Chinese family with Jalili syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1860. [PMID: 35150469 PMCID: PMC8922947 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jalili syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal‐recessive inherited disorder characterized by cone‐rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta. It is often misdiagnosed in clinical practice due to its heterogeneity and rarity. Methods Two JS patients from a consanguineous family were included in this study. Detailed ophthalmic examinations were performed. Oral photography was taken. The DNA sample of the proband was sequenced using the customized capture panel, which includes 338 retinal disease genes. Sanger sequencing was performed for validation and segregation. Results The patients had poor vision, photophobia, and nystagmus from childhood. Fundus examination revealed diffused chorioretinal atrophy with a prominent macular coloboma. OCT showed a deep staphyloma, severely reduced retinal thickness, retinoschisis, loss of photoreceptor layer, and retinal pigment epithelium in the macular region. Amelogenesis imperfecta, dental decay, staining, irregular shapes, and loss of teeth were present. Next‐generation sequencing combined with Sanger validation identified a novel homozygous nonsynonymous variant c.598T>C (p.S200P) in CNNM4 gene (NM_020184.3). Conclusions We described the clinical features of a Chinese family with JS and identified a novel disease‐causing mutation. Our findings broadened the phenotypes and mutation spectrums of JS in Chinese population, as well as are helpful in the diagnosis of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maosong Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Parveen A, Mirza MU, Vanmeert M, Akhtar J, Bashir H, Khan S, Shehzad S, Froeyen M, Ahmed W, Ansar M, Wasif N. A novel pathogenic missense variant in CNNM4 underlying Jalili syndrome: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e902. [PMID: 31347285 PMCID: PMC6732295 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jalili syndrome (JS) is a rare cone‐rod dystrophy (CRD) associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). The first clinical presentation of JS patients was published in 1988 by Jalili and Smith. Pathogenic mutations in the Cyclin and CBS Domain Divalent Metal Cation Transport Mediator 4 (CNNM4) magnesium transporter protein have been reported as the leading cause of this anomaly. Methods In the present study, a clinical and genetic investigation was performed in a consanguineous family of Pakistani origin, showing characteristic features of JS. Sanger sequencing was successfully used to identify the causative variant in CNNM4. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the effect of amino acid change over CNNM4 protein. Results Sequence analysis of CNNM4 revealed a novel missense variant (c.1220G>T, p.Arg407Leu) in exon‐1 encoding cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS) domain. To comprehend the mutational consequences in the structure, the mutant p.Arg407Leu was modeled together with a previously reported variant (c.1484C>T, p.Thr495Ile) in the same domain. Additionally, docking analysis deciphered the binding mode of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cofactor. Furthermore, 60ns MD simulations were carried out on wild type (p.Arg407/p.Thr495) and mutants (p.Arg407Leu/p.Thr495Ile) to understand the structural and energetic changes in protein structure and its dynamic behavior. An evident conformational shift of ATP in the binding site was observed in simulated mutants disrupting the native ATP‐binding mode. Conclusion The novel identified variant in CNNM4 is the first report from the Pakistani population. Overall, the study is valuable and may give a novel insight into metal transport in visual function and biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Parveen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Vanmeert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Javed Akhtar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Bashir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Shehzad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Matheus Froeyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wasim Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Wasif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Current Structural Knowledge on the CNNM Family of Magnesium Transport Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051135. [PMID: 30845649 PMCID: PMC6429129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domain magnesium transport mediators, CNNMs, are key players in maintaining the homeostasis of magnesium in different organs. The human family includes four members, whose impaired activity causes diseases such as Jalili Syndrome or Familial Hypomagnesemia, but is also linked to neuropathologic disorders, altered blood pressure, and infertility. Recent findings demonstrated that CNNMs are associated with the highly oncogenic phosphatases of the regenerating liver to promote tumor growth and metastasis, which has attracted renewed focus on their potential exploitation as targets for cancer treatment. However, the exact function of CNNMs remains unclear and is subject to debate, proposed as either direct transporters, sensors, or homeostatic factors. This review gathers the current structural knowledge on the CNNM family, highlighting similarities and differences with the closely related structural partners such as the bacterial Mg2+/Co2+ efflux protein CorC and the Mg2+ channel MgtE.
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Daneshmandpour Y, Darvish H, Pashazadeh F, Emamalizadeh B. Features, genetics and their correlation in Jalili syndrome: a systematic review. J Med Genet 2019; 56:358-369. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Jalili syndrome is a rare genetic disorder first identified by Jalili in Gaza. Amelogenesis imperfecta and cone-rode dystrophy are simultaneously seen in Jalili syndrome patients as the main and primary manifestations. Molecular analysis has revealed that theCNNM4gene is responsible for this rare syndrome. Jalili syndrome has been observed in many countries around the world, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. In the current scoping systematic review we searched electronic databases to find studies related to Jalili syndrome. In this review we summarise the reported clinical symptoms,CNNM4gene and protein structure,CNNM4mutations, attempts to reach a genotype-phenotype correlation, the functional role ofCNNM4mutations, and epidemiological aspects of Jalili syndrome. In addition, we have analysed the reported mutations in mutation effect prediction databases in order to gain a better understanding of the mutation’s outcomes.
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Hirji N, Bradley PD, Li S, Vincent A, Pennesi ME, Thomas AS, Heon E, Bhan A, Mahroo OA, Robson A, Inglehearn CF, Moore AT, Michaelides M. Jalili Syndrome: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Features of Seven Patients With Cone-Rod Dystrophy and Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 188:123-130. [PMID: 29421294 PMCID: PMC5873517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize a series of 7 patients with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) and amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) owing to confirmed mutations in CNNM4, first described as "Jalili Syndrome." DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS Seven patients from 6 families with Jalili Syndrome were identified at 3 tertiary referral centers. We systematically reviewed their available medical records, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF), color fundus photography, and electrophysiological assessments. RESULTS The mean age at presentation was 6.7 years (range 3-16 years), with 6 male and 1 female patient. CNNM4 mutations were identified in all patients. The mean Snellen best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation was 20/246 (range 20/98 to 20/399) in the right eye and 20/252 (range 20/98 to 20/480) in the left. Nystagmus was observed in all 7 patients, and photophobia was present in 6. Funduscopic findings at presentation were variable, ranging from only mild disc pallor to retinal vascular attenuation and macular atrophy. Multimodal imaging demonstrated disease progression in all 7 patients over time. Electroretinography uniformly revealed progressive cone-rod dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Jalili Syndrome is a rare CORD associated with AI. We have further characterized its ocular phenotype, including describing SD-OCT, FAF, and electrophysiological features; and report several novel disease-causing sequence variants. Moreover, this study presents novel longitudinal data demonstrating structural and functional progression over time, allowing better informed advice on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashila Hirji
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick D Bradley
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shuning Li
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Elise Heon
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aparna Bhan
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Robson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony T Moore
- UCSF School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, California
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Li S, Xi Q, Zhang X, Yu D, Li L, Jiang Z, Chen Q, Wang QK, Traboulsi EI. Identification of a mutation in CNNM4 by whole exome sequencing in an Amish family and functional link between CNNM4 and IQCB1. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:699-710. [PMID: 29322253 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated an Amish family in which three siblings presented with an early-onset childhood retinal dystrophy inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Genome-wide linkage analysis identified significant linkage to marker D2S2216 on 2q11 with a two-point LOD score of 1.95 and a multi-point LOD score of 3.76. Whole exome sequencing was then performed for the three affected individuals and identified a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.C1813T, p.R605X) in the cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 4 (CNNM4) gene located within the 2p14-2q14 Jalili syndrome locus. The initial assessment and collection of the family were performed before the clinical delineation of Jalili syndrome. Another assessment was made after the discovery of the responsible gene and the dental abnormalities characteristic of Jalili syndrome were retrospectively identified. The p.R605X mutation represents the first probable founder mutation of Jalili syndrome identified in the Amish community. The molecular mechanism underlying Jalili syndrome is unknown. Here we show that CNNM4 interacts with IQCB1, which causes Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) when mutated. A truncated CNNM4 protein starting at R605 significantly increased the rate of apoptosis, and significantly increased the interaction between CNNM4 and IQCB1. Mutation p.R605X may cause Jalili syndrome by a nonsense-mediated decay mechanism, affecting the function of IQCB1 and apoptosis, or both. Our data, for the first time, functionally link Jalili syndrome gene CNNM4 to LCA gene IQCB1, providing important insights into the molecular pathogenic mechanism of retinal dystrophy in Jalili syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research and Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quansheng Xi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research and Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research and Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Zhenyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research and Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research and Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Elias I Traboulsi
- Center for Genetic Eye Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Cherkaoui Jaouad I, Lyahyai J, Guaoua S, El Alloussi M, Zrhidri A, Doubaj Y, Boulanouar A, Sefiani A. Novel splice site mutation in CNNM4 gene in a family with Jalili syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:239-244. [PMID: 28246031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Jalili syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by the association of amelogenesis imperfecta and cone-rod retinal dystrophy. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the CNNM4 gene. Different types of CNNM4 mutations have been reported; missense, nonsense, large deletions, single base insertion, and duplication. We used Sanger sequencing to analyze a large consanguineous family with three siblings affected with Jalili syndrome, suspected clinically after dental and ophthalmological examination. These patients are carrying a novel homozygous mutation in the splice site acceptor of intron 3 (c.1682-1G > C) in the CNNM4 gene. We compare the findings of the present family to those from literature, in order to further delineate Jalili syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Cherkaoui Jaouad
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jaber Lyahyai
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Guaoua
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Alloussi
- Service d'odontologie Pédiatrique, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Zrhidri
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassamine Doubaj
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
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