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Mariki H, Muze K, Mussa F, Manji KP. Osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII: highlighting the need for genetic testing. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253155. [PMID: 37437959 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VIII from a lower-middle income country. This is the first case report of this type in Tanzania. The term neonate was delivered normally via spontaneous vaginal delivery and presented at the neonatal unit with features of shortened limb girdles and macrocephaly. The long bones had multiple fractures. He was diagnosed clinically to have OI or a type of metaphysial dysplasia. A plain X-ray showed multiple fractures of the long bones. The eyes did not have blue sclerae. Clinically, the generic diagnosis of OI was made.Genetic testing revealed typical prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3HI) gene mutations and a variant coordinate NM_001243246.1:c.1095C>G p, indicating a severe, fatal form of autosomal-recessive OI type VIII which presents with white sclerae. This rare variant is described here for the first time in our setting. This case highlights the need for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haika Mariki
- Paediatrics, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Kandi Muze
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Fatima Mussa
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Karim Premji Manji
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
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Panzaru MC, Florea A, Caba L, Gorduza EV. Classification of osteogenesis imperfecta: Importance for prophylaxis and genetic counseling. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:2604-2620. [PMID: 37214584 PMCID: PMC10198117 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i12.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic disease characterized by decreased bone mass, bone fragility, and recurrent fractures. The phenotypic spectrum varies considerably ranging from prenatal fractures with lethal outcomes to mild forms with few fractures and normal stature. The basic mechanism is a collagen-related defect, not only in synthesis but also in folding, processing, bone mineralization, or osteoblast function. In recent years, great progress has been made in identifying new genes and molecular mechanisms underlying OI. In this context, the classification of OI has been revised several times and different types are used. The Sillence classification, based on clinical and radiological characteristics, is currently used as a grading of clinical severity. Based on the metabolic pathway, the functional classification allows identifying regulatory elements and targeting specific therapeutic approaches. Genetic classification has the advantage of identifying the inheritance pattern, an essential element for genetic counseling and prophylaxis. Although genotype-phenotype correlations may sometimes be challenging, genetic diagnosis allows a personalized management strategy, accurate family planning, and pregnancy management decisions including options for mode of delivery, or early antenatal OI treatment. Future research on molecular pathways and pathogenic variants involved could lead to the development of genotype-based therapeutic approaches. This narrative review summarizes our current understanding of genes, molecular mechanisms involved in OI, classifications, and their utility in prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica-Cristina Panzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Andreea Florea
- Department of Medical Genetics - Medical Genetics resident, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
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Mikhail KA, VanSickle E, Rossetti LZ. Milder presentation of osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII due to compound heterozygosity for a predicted loss-of-function variant and novel missense variant in P3H1-further expansion of the phenotypic spectrum. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2023; 9:mcs.a006260. [PMID: 36963805 PMCID: PMC10111797 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder of bone metabolism characterized by multiple fractures with minimal trauma. Autosomal recessive OI type VIII is associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in P3H1 and classically characterized by skeletal anomalies in addition to significant bone fragility, sometimes presenting with in utero fractures and/or neonatal lethality. P3H1 encodes a collagen prolyl hydroxylase that critically 3-hydroxylates proline residue 986 on the α chain of collagen types I and II to achieve proper folding and assembly of mature collagen and is present in a complex with CRTAP and CypB. Most individuals with OI type VIII have had biallelic predicted loss-of-function variants leading to reduced or absent levels of P3H1 mRNA. The reported missense variants have all fallen in the catalytic domain of the protein and are thought to be associated with a milder phenotype. Here, we describe an infant presenting with five long bone fractures in the first year of life found to have a novel missense variant in trans with a nonsense variant in P3H1 without any other bony anomalies on imaging. We hypothesize that missense variants in the catalytic domain of P3H1 lead to decreased but not absent hydroxylation of Pro986, with preserved KDEL retention signal and complex stability, causing an attenuated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Mikhail
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA;
| | - Elizabeth VanSickle
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Linda Z Rossetti
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA;
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
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Does the c.-14C>T Mutation in the IFITM5 Gene Provide Identical Phenotypes for Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type V? Data from Russia and a Literature Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102363. [PMID: 36289625 PMCID: PMC9598403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a large group of genetically heterogeneous diseases resulting from decreased bone density and an abnormal microarchitecture, which are clinically manifested by abnormal bone fractures. A distinctive clinical feature of this group of diseases is the presence of spontaneous fractures and skeletal deformities. However, the clinical manifestations of different types of OI are characterized by marked polymorphism with variable severity of skeletal and extra-skeletal features. Previous studies have shown that a mutation (c.-14C>T) in the IFITM5 gene is responsible for autosomal dominant OI type V. However, the mutation has a variable expression pattern and marked clinical heterogeneity. In this study, a clinical and genetic analysis of 12 cases with molecularly confirmed OI type V from 12 unrelated families was performed. Significant clinical heterogeneity of the disease with the same molecular defect was detected. In six subjects (50%), there were no classic signs of OI type V (formation of a hyperplastic bone callus, calcification of the interosseous membrane and dislocation of the radial head). In all cases, the mutation occurred de novo.
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Yan K, Sun Y, Yang Y, Liu B, Dong M. Case Report: Identification Pathogenic Abnormal Splicing of BBS1 Causing Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type I (BBS1) due to Missense Mutation. Front Genet 2022; 13:849562. [PMID: 35692835 PMCID: PMC9186647 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.849562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, protein features affected by missense mutation was attributed to destroy an important domain with amino acid alternation, and it was difficult to clearly specify the pathogenicity of a novel missense mutation. Nevertheless, the associations between missense mutations and abnormal splicing are nowadays increasingly reported. Rarely, some missense mutations, locating at the non-canonical splicing sites, are observed to damage the splicing process. In this study, a couple has three adverse pregnancy history that the affected fetus presented typical polydactyly, renal abnormalities, and cerebral ventriculomegaly. To identify its genetic etiology, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed and a missense mutation c.1339G > A was identified, which was located at the non-canonical splicing sites of the BBS1 gene. Then, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out and demonstrated extra 115bp originating from intron 13 cut into cDNA, which generated a predicted premature termination codon (PTC) in the BBS1 protein. Further expression analysis by using real-time reverse-transcribed PCR confirmed the occurrence of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Therefore, the pathogenicity of the missense mutation c.1339G > A was explicit and our study helped to extend the spectrum of pathogenic mutations in Bardet–Biedl syndrome type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Sun
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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Phenotypic Variation in Vietnamese Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients Sharing a Recessive P3H1 Pathogenic Variant. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030407. [PMID: 35327962 PMCID: PMC8950175 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a syndromic disorder of bone fragility with high variation in its clinical presentation. Equally variable is molecular aetiology; recessive forms are caused by approximately 20 different genes, many of which are directly implicated in collagen type I biosynthesis. Biallelic variants in prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) are known to cause severe OI by affecting the competence of the prolyl 3-hydroxylation—cartilage associated protein—peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (P3H1-CRTAP-CyPB) complex, which acts on the Pro986 residue of collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1) and Pro707 collagen type I α 2 (COL1A2) chains. The investigation of an OI cohort of 146 patients in Vietnam identified 14 families with P3H1 variants. The c.1170+5G>C variant was found to be very prevalent (12/14) and accounted for 10.3% of the Vietnamese OI cohort. New P3H1 variants were also identified in this population. Interestingly, the c.1170+5G>C variants were found in families with the severe clinical Sillence types 2 and 3 but also the milder types 1 and 4. This is the first time that OI type 1 is reported in patients with P3H1 variants expanding the clinical spectrum. Patients with a homozygous c.1170+5G>C variant shared severe progressively deforming OI type 3: bowed long bones, deformities of ribcage, long phalanges and hands, bluish sclera, brachycephaly, and early intrauterine fractures. Although it remains unclear if the c.1170+5G>C variant constitutes a founder mutation in the Vietnamese population, its prevalence makes it valuable for the molecular diagnosis of OI in patients of the Kinh ethnicity. Our study provides insight into the clinical and genetic variation of P3H1-related OI in the Vietnamese population.
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Tüysüz B, Elkanova L, Uludağ Alkaya D, Güleç Ç, Toksoy G, Güneş N, Yazan H, Bayhan AI, Yıldırım T, Yeşil G, Uyguner ZO. Osteogenesis imperfecta in 140 Turkish families: Molecular spectrum and, comparison of long-term clinical outcome of those with COL1A1/A2 and biallelic variants. Bone 2022; 155:116293. [PMID: 34902613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by increased bone fragility and deformities. Although most patients with OI have heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2, 17 genes have been reported to cause OI, most of which are autosomal recessive (AR) inherited, during the last years. The aim of this study is to determine the mutation spectrum in Turkish OI cohort and to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS 150 patients from 140 Turkish families with OI phenotype were included in this study. Mutations in OI-related genes were identified using targeted gene panel, MLPA analysis for COL1A1 and whole exome sequencing. 113 patients who had OI disease-causing variants were followed for 1-20 years. RESULTS OI disease-causing variants were detected in 117 families, of which 62.4% in COL1A1/A2, 35.9% in AR-related genes. A heterozygous variant in IFITM5 and a hemizygous in MBTPS2 were also described, one in each patient. Eighteen biallelic variants (13 novel) were identified in nine genes (FKBP10, P3H1, SERPINF1, TMEM38B, WNT1, BMP1, CRTAP, FAM46A, MESD) among which FKBP10, P3H1 and SERPINF1 were most common. The most severe phenotypes were in patients with FKBP10, SERPINF1, CRTAP, FAM46A and MESD variants. P3H1 patients had moderate, while BMP1 had the mild phenotype. Clinical phenotypes were variable in patients with WNT1 and TMEM38B mutations. We also found mutations in ten genes (PLS3, LRP5, ANO5, SLC34A1, EFEMP2, PRDM5, GORAB, OCRL1, TNFRSF11B, DPH1) associated with diseases presenting clinical features which overlap OI, in eleven families. CONCLUSION We identified disease-causing mutations in 83.6% in a large Turkish pediatric OI cohort. 40 novel variants were described. Clinical features and long-term follow-up findings of AR inherited OI types and especially very rare biallelic variants were presented for the first time. Unlike previously reported studies, the mutations that we found in P3H1 were all missense, causing a moderate phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Elkanova
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Güleç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güven Toksoy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Güneş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yazan
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ilhan Bayhan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Timur Yıldırım
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gözde Yeşil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhu W, Yan K, Chen X, Zhao W, Wu Y, Tang H, Chen M, Wu J, Wang P, Zhang R, Shen Y, Zhang D. A Founder Pathogenic Variant of PPIB Unique to Chinese Population Causes Osteogenesis Imperfecta IX. Front Genet 2021; 12:717294. [PMID: 34659339 PMCID: PMC8511635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.717294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility. PPIB pathogenic variants cause a perinatal lethal form of OI type IX. A limited number of pathogenic variants have been reported so far worldwide. Methods: We identified a rare pedigree whose phenotype was highly consistent with OI-IX. Exome sequencing was performed to uncover the causal variants. The variant pathogenicity was classified following the ACMG/AMP guidelines. The founder effect and the age of the variant were assessed. Results: We identified a homozygous missense variant c.509G > A/p.G170D in PPIB in an affected fetus. This variant is a Chinese-specific allele and can now be classified as pathogenic. We estimated the allele frequency (AF) of this variant to be 0.0000427 in a Chinese cohort involving 128,781 individuals. All patients and carriers shared a common haplotype, indicative of a founder effect. The estimated age of variant was 65,160 years. We further identified pathogenic variants of PPIB in gnomAD and ClinVar databases, the conserved estimation of OI type IX incidence to be 1/1,000,000 in Chinese population. Conclusion: We reported a founder pathogenic variant in PPIB specific to the Chinese population. We further provided our initial estimation of OI-IX disease incidence in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhu
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanna Tang
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jian Wu
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, China
| | | | - Runju Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dan Zhang
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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Chetty M, Roomaney IA, Beighton P. The evolution of the nosology of osteogenesis imperfecta. Clin Genet 2020; 99:42-52. [PMID: 32901963 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a relatively common genetic skeletal disorder with an estimated frequency of 1 in 20 000 worldwide. The manifestations are diverse and although individually rare, the several different forms contribute to the production of a significant number of affected individuals with considerable morbidity and mortality. During the last decade, there have been extensive molecular investigations into the etiology of OI and these advances have direct relevance to the medical management of the disorder, and the purpose of this review is to document the history and evolution of the nosology of OI. The current nosology, based on molecular concepts, which are crucial in the identification of genotype-phenotype correlations in persons with OI, is also outlined. The successive revisions of the nosology and classification of OI have highlighted the importance of the nomenclature of the condition in order for it to be recognized by clinicians, scientists and patient advocacy groups. In this way, improved counseling of patients and individualized, tailored therapeutic approaches based on the underlying pathophysiology of the individual's type of OI have been facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manogari Chetty
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.,University of the Western Cape/University of Cape Town Combined Dental Genetics Clinic, Red Cross Childrens' Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Imaan Amina Roomaney
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.,University of the Western Cape/University of Cape Town Combined Dental Genetics Clinic, Red Cross Childrens' Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Beighton
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,University of the Western Cape/University of Cape Town Combined Dental Genetics Clinic, Red Cross Childrens' Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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de Souza LT, Nunes RR, de Azevedo Magalhães O, Maria Félix T. A new case of osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII and retinal detachment. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:238-241. [PMID: 33098264 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VIII (OMIM: 610915) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by white sclerae, severe growth deficiency, and bone fragility. This condition results from pathogenic variants of P3H1, a gene that codes for P3H1, an important protein involved in the prolyl-3-hydroxylation complex required for collagen type I folding. Here, we described a woman with OI type VIII due to a homozygous mutation of c.1914+1G>C (NM_001243246.1) in P3H1 and retinal detachment. We compared our case to five severe OI and retinal detachment cases reported in the literature. The only case previously reported with a molecular diagnosis had a similar mutation in P3H1 c.1914+1G>A and a giant retinal detachment. We suggest that individuals with OI type VIII should be submitted to careful fundoscopic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Todeschini de Souza
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Têmis Maria Félix
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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11
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Zhytnik L, Simm K, Salumets A, Peters M, Märtson A, Maasalu K. Reproductive options for families at risk of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:128. [PMID: 32460820 PMCID: PMC7251694 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder involving bone fragility. OI patients typically suffer from numerous fractures, skeletal deformities, shortness of stature and hearing loss. The disorder is characterised by genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Pathogenic variants in more than 20 different genes can lead to OI, and phenotypes can range from mild to lethal forms. As a genetic disorder which undoubtedly affects quality of life, OI significantly alters the reproductive confidence of families at risk. The current review describes a selection of the latest reproductive approaches which may be suitable for prospective parents faced with a risk of OI. The aim of the review is to alleviate suffering in relation to family planning around OI, by enabling prospective parents to make informed and independent decisions. Main body The current review provides a comprehensive overview of possible reproductive options for people with OI and for unaffected carriers of OI pathogenic genetic variants. The review considers reproductive options across all phases of family planning, including pre-pregnancy, fertilisation, pregnancy, and post-pregnancy. Special attention is given to the more modern techniques of assisted reproduction, such as preconception carrier screening, preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases and non-invasive prenatal testing. The review outlines the methodologies of the different reproductive approaches available to OI families and highlights their advantages and disadvantages. These are presented as a decision tree, which takes into account the autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive nature of the OI variants, and the OI-related risks of people without OI. The complex process of decision-making around OI reproductive options is also discussed from an ethical perspective. Conclusion The rapid development of molecular techniques has led to the availability of a wide variety of reproductive options for prospective parents faced with a risk of OI. However, such options may raise ethical concerns in terms of methodologies, choice management and good clinical practice in reproductive care, which are yet to be fully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Zhytnik
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kadri Simm
- Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Ethics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,COMBIVET ERA Chair, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aare Märtson
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Petersen JL, Tietze SM, Burrack RM, Steffen DJ. Evidence for a de novo, dominant germ-line mutation causative of osteogenesis imperfecta in two Red Angus calves. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:81-87. [PMID: 30788588 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A genetic disorder, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is broadly characterized by connective tissue abnormalities and bone fragility most commonly attributed to alterations in Type I collagen. Two Red Angus calves by the same sire presented with severe bone and dental fragility, blue sclera, and evidence of in utero fractures consistent with OI congenita. Comparative analyses with human cases suggested the OI in these calves most closely resembled that classified as OI Type II. Due to the phenotypic classification and shared paternity, a dominant, germ-line variant was hypothesized as causative although recessive genotypes were also considered due to a close relationship between the sire and dam of one calf. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of a missense mutation in the alpha 1 chain of collagen Type I (COL1A1), for which both calves were heterozygous. The variant resulted in the substitution of a glycine residue with serine in the triple helical domain of the protein; in this region, glycine normally occupies every third position as is critical for correct formation of the Type I collagen molecule. Allele-specific amplification by droplet digital PCR further quantified the variant at a frequency of nearly 4.4% in the semen of the sire while it was absent in his blood, supporting the hypothesis of a de novo causative variant for which the germ line of the sire was mosaic. The identification of novel variants associated with unwanted phenotypes in livestock is critical as the high prolificacy of breeding stock has the potential to rapidly disseminate undesirable variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA.
| | - Shauna M Tietze
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA
| | - Rachel M Burrack
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908, USA
| | - David J Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905, USA
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13
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A moderate form of osteogenesis imperfecta caused by compound heterozygous LEPRE1 mutations. Bone Rep 2018; 9:132-135. [PMID: 30246063 PMCID: PMC6146588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder causing skeletal fragility, multiple fractures, and other extraskeletal manifestations. Most cases are caused by mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2. Recent investigations have discovered several other autosomal recessive genes responsible for OI. Among these genes is LEPRE1, which is involved in post-translational modifications of collagen. To date, more than 40 LEPRE1 mutations have been described. One of these mutations is carried by 1.5% of West Africans and 0.4% of African Americans, and is associated with OI Type VIII. We describe the case of a five year old male with a moderate form of OI and compound heterozygous LEPRE1 mutations (c.1080 + 1G > T; c.1646 T > G, p.Met549Arg). He was diagnosed shortly after birth following a skeletal survey demonstrating multiple healing fractures as well as lower extremity deformity suggestive of remote fractures. He was then without a fracture until a calvarial fracture at 18 months of age, a femur fracture at 4 years and seven months and a second femur fracture at 5 years and 4 months. He walked at age 14 months and has been an active boy. Pamidronate infusions began at seven weeks of age and were discontinued at three years of age due to increased bone mineral density and absence of fractures. Type VIII OI typically causes a severe to lethal phenotype presenting at birth with severe osteopenia, congenital fractures and other clinical manifestations. Only a few individuals have survived to childhood. This case description serves to expand the clinical phenotyping of this recessive form of OI into the more moderate spectrum. Osteogenesis imperfecta caused by LEPRE1 mutations can be moderate in its severity. LEPRE1 missense mutations appear to lead to milder clinical phenotypes. Bisphosphonate treatments were effective in this patient with LEPRE1 OI.
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14
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Cutrona MB, Morgan NE, Simpson JC. Heritable Skeletal Disorders Arising from Defects in Processing and Transport of Type I Procollagen from the ER: Perspectives on Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 245:191-225. [PMID: 29071510 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare bone disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases, initially associated with mutations in type I procollagen (PC) genes. Recent developments from dissection at the molecular and cellular level have expanded the list of disease-causing proteins, revealing that disruption of the machinery that handles protein secretion can lead to failure in PC secretion and in several cases result in skeletal dysplasia. In parallel, cell-based in vitro studies of PC trafficking pathways offer clues to the identification of new disease candidate genes. Together, this raises the prospect of heritable bone disorders as a paradigm for biosynthetic protein traffic-related diseases, and an avenue through which therapeutic strategies can be explored.Here, we focus on human syndromes linked to defects in type I PC secretion with respect to the landscape of biosynthetic and protein transport steps within the early secretory pathway. We provide a perspective on possible therapeutic interventions for associated heritable craniofacial and skeletal disorders, considering different orders of complexity, from the cellular level by manipulation of proteostasis pathways to higher levels involving cell-based therapies for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell B Cutrona
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh E Morgan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Abstract
Skeletal deformity and bone fragility are the hallmarks of the brittle bone dysplasia osteogenesis imperfecta. The diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta usually depends on family history and clinical presentation characterized by a fracture (or fractures) during the prenatal period, at birth or in early childhood; genetic tests can confirm diagnosis. Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by dominant autosomal mutations in the type I collagen coding genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) in about 85% of individuals, affecting collagen quantity or structure. In the past decade, (mostly) recessive, dominant and X-linked defects in a wide variety of genes encoding proteins involved in type I collagen synthesis, processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells have been shown to cause osteogenesis imperfecta. The large number of causative genes has complicated the classic classification of the disease, and although a new genetic classification system is widely used, it is still debated. Phenotypic manifestations in many organs, in addition to bone, are reported, such as abnormalities in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, skin fragility, muscle weakness, hearing loss and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Management involves surgical and medical treatment of skeletal abnormalities, and treatment of other complications. More innovative approaches based on gene and cell therapy, and signalling pathway alterations, are under investigation.
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16
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Malcov M, Gold V, Peleg S, Frumkin T, Azem F, Amit A, Ben-Yosef D, Yaron Y, Reches A, Barda S, Kleiman SE, Yogev L, Hauser R. Improving preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) reliability by selection of sperm donor with the most informative haplotype. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:31. [PMID: 28446182 PMCID: PMC5405512 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study is aimed to describe a novel strategy that increases the accuracy and reliability of PGD in patients using sperm donation by pre-selecting the donor whose haplotype does not overlap the carrier's one. METHODS A panel of 4-9 informative polymorphic markers, flanking the mutation in carriers of autosomal dominant/X-linked disorders, was tested in DNA of sperm donors before PGD. Whenever the lengths of donors' repeats overlapped those of the women, additional donors' DNA samples were analyzed. The donor that demonstrated the minimal overlapping with the patient was selected for IVF. RESULTS In 8 out of 17 carriers the markers of the initially chosen donors overlapped the patients' alleles and 2-8 additional sperm donors for each patient were haplotyped. The selection of additional sperm donors increased the number of informative markers and reduced misdiagnosis risk from 6.00% ± 7.48 to 0.48% ±0.68. The PGD results were confirmed and no misdiagnosis was detected. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that pre-selecting a sperm donor whose haplotype has minimal overlapping with the female's haplotype, is critical for reducing the misdiagnosis risk and ensuring a reliable PGD. This strategy may contribute to prevent the transmission of affected IVF-PGD embryos using a simple and economical procedure. TRIAL REGISTRATION All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. DNA testing of donors was approved by the institutional Helsinki committee (registration number 319-08TLV, 2008). The present study was approved by the institutional Helsinki committee (registration number 0385-13TLV, 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Malcov
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Veronica Gold
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sagit Peleg
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsvia Frumkin
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Foad Azem
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ami Amit
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Yaron
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Reches
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Wolfe PGD-Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimi Barda
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37The Institute for the Study of Fertility, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel
| | - Sandra E. Kleiman
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37The Institute for the Study of Fertility, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel
| | - Leah Yogev
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37The Institute for the Study of Fertility, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel
| | - Ron Hauser
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37The Institute for the Study of Fertility, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv, 6423906 Israel
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17
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Kang H, Aryal A C S, Marini JC. Osteogenesis imperfecta: new genes reveal novel mechanisms in bone dysplasia. Transl Res 2017; 181:27-48. [PMID: 27914223 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by fragile bones and short stature and known for its clinical and genetic heterogeneity which is now understood as a collagen-related disorder. During the last decade, research has made remarkable progress in identifying new OI-causing genes and beginning to understand the intertwined molecular and biochemical mechanisms of their gene products. Most cases of OI have dominant inheritance. Each new gene for recessive OI, and a recently identified gene for X-linked OI, has shed new light on its (often previously unsuspected) function in bone biology. Here, we summarize the literature that has contributed to our current understanding of the pathogenesis of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseog Kang
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Smriti Aryal A C
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Joan C Marini
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md.
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18
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Rotimi CN, Tekola-Ayele F, Baker JL, Shriner D. The African diaspora: history, adaptation and health. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 41:77-84. [PMID: 27644073 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The trans-Atlantic slave trade brought millions of Africans to the New World. Advances in genomics are providing novel insights into the history and health of Africans and the diasporan populations. Recent examples reviewed here include the unraveling of substantial hunter-gatherer and 'Eurasian' admixtures across sub-Saharan Africa, expanding our understanding of ancestral African genetics; the global ubiquity of mixed ancestry; the revealing of African ancestry in Latin Americans that likely derived from the slave trade; and understanding of the ancestral backgrounds of APOL1 and LPL found to influence kidney disease and lipid levels, respectively, providing specific insights into disease etiology and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A, Room 4047 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A, Room 4047 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A, Room 4047 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A, Room 4047 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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19
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Fratzl-Zelman N, Barnes AM, Weis M, Carter E, Hefferan TE, Perino G, Chang W, Smith PA, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Glorieux FH, Eyre DR, Raggio C, Rauch F, Marini JC. Non-Lethal Type VIII Osteogenesis Imperfecta Has Elevated Bone Matrix Mineralization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3516-25. [PMID: 27383115 PMCID: PMC5010570 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type VIII osteogenesis imperfecta (OI; OMIM 601915) is a recessive form of lethal or severe OI caused by null mutations in P3H1, which encodes prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1. OBJECTIVES Clinical and bone material description of non-lethal type VIII OI. DESIGN Natural history study of type VIII OI. SETTING Pediatric academic research centers. PATIENTS Five patients with non-lethal type VIII OI, and one patient with lethal type VIII OI. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical examinations included bone mineral density, radiographs, and serum and urinary metabolites. Bone biopsy samples were analyzed for histomorphometry and bone mineral density distribution by quantitative backscattered electron imaging microscopy. Collagen biochemistry was examined by mass spectrometry, and collagen fibrils were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Type VIII OI patients have extreme growth deficiency, an L1-L4 areal bone mineral density Z-score of -5 to -6, and normal bone formation markers. Collagen from bone and skin tissue and cultured osteoblasts and fibroblasts have nearly absent 3-hydroxylation (1-4%). Collagen fibrils showed abnormal diameters and irregular borders. Bone histomorphometry revealed decreased cortical width and very thin trabeculae with patches of increased osteoid, although the overall osteoid surface was normal. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging showed increased matrix mineralization of cortical and trabecular bone, typical of other OI types. However, the proportion of bone with low mineralization was increased in type VIII OI bone, compared to type VII OI. CONCLUSIONS P3H1 is the unique enzyme responsible for collagen 3-hydroxylation in skin and bone. Bone from non-lethal type VIII OI children is similar to type VII, especially bone matrix hypermineralization, but it has distinctive features including extremely thin trabeculae, focal osteoid accumulation, and an increased proportion of low mineralized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Aileen M Barnes
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Erin Carter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Theresa E Hefferan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Giorgio Perino
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Weizhong Chang
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Peter A Smith
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Francis H Glorieux
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - David R Eyre
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Cathleen Raggio
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Joan C Marini
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Wiener Gebietskrankenkasse and Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt Trauma Centre Meidling (N.F.-Z., P.R., K.K.), First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria; Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone (A.M.B., W.C., J.C.M.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (M.W., D.R.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Hospital for Special Surgery (E.C., G.P., C.R.), New York, New York 10021; Department of Orthopedics (T.E.H.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Shriners Hospital for Children (P.A.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60707; and Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University (F.H.G., F.R.), Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
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Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a phenotypically and molecularly heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue disorders that share similar skeletal abnormalities causing bone fragility and deformity. Previously, the disorder was thought to be an autosomal dominant bone dysplasia caused by defects in type I collagen, but in the past 10 years discoveries of novel (mainly recessive) causative genes have lent support to a predominantly collagen-related pathophysiology and have contributed to an improved understanding of normal bone development. Defects in proteins with very different functions, ranging from structural to enzymatic and from intracellular transport to chaperones, have been described in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Knowledge of the specific molecular basis of each form of the disorder will advance clinical diagnosis and potentially stimulate targeted therapeutic approaches. In this Seminar, together with diagnosis, management, and treatment, we describe the defects causing osteogenesis imperfecta and their mechanism and interrelations, and classify them into five groups on the basis of the metabolic pathway compromised, specifically those related to collagen synthesis, structure, and processing; post-translational modification; folding and cross-linking; mineralisation; and osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joan C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Fratzl-Zelman N, Bächinger HP, Vranka JA, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Rauch F. Bone matrix hypermineralization in prolyl-3 hydroxylase 1 deficient mice. Bone 2016; 85:15-22. [PMID: 26808442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lack of prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) due to mutations in P3H1 results in severe forms of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. In the present study, we investigated the bone tissue characteristics of P3H1 null mice. Histomorphometric analyses of cancellous bone in the proximal tibia and lumbar vertebra in 1-month and 3-month old mice demonstrated that P3H1 deficient mice had low trabecular bone volume and low mineral apposition rate, but normal osteoid maturation time and normal osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging revealed that the bone mineralization density distribution was shifted towards higher values, indicating hypermineralization of bone matrix. It thus appears that P3H1 deficiency leads to decreased deposition of extracellular matrix by osteoblasts and increased incorporation of mineral into the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Med. Dept., Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Janice A Vranka
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Ophtalmology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Med. Dept., Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Med. Dept., Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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22
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Murdoch AD, Hardingham TE, Eyre DR, Fernandes RJ. The development of a mature collagen network in cartilage from human bone marrow stem cells in Transwell culture. Matrix Biol 2015; 50:16-26. [PMID: 26523516 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Damaged hyaline cartilage shows a limited capacity for innate repair. Potential sources of cells to augment the clinical repair of cartilage defects include autologous chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. We have reported that culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with specific growth and differentiation factors as shallow multilayers on Transwell permeable membranes provided ideal conditions for chondrogenesis. Rigid translucent cartilaginous disks formed and expressed cartilage-specific structural proteins aggrecan and type II collagen. We report here the analysis of the collagen network assembled in these cartilage constructs and identify key features of the network as it became mature during 28 days of culture. The type II collagen was co-polymerized with types XI and IX collagens in a fibrillar network stabilized by hydroxylysyl pyridinoline cross-links as in epiphyseal and hyaline cartilages. Tandem ion-trap mass-spectrometry identified 3-hydroxylation of Proline 986 and Proline 944 of the α1(II) chains, a post-translational feature of human epiphyseal cartilage type II collagen. The formation of a type II collagen based hydroxy-lysyl pyridinoline cross-linked network typical of cartilage in 28 days shows that the Transwell system not only produces, secretes and assembles cartilage collagens, but also provides all the extracellular mechanisms to modify and generate covalent cross-links that determine a robust collagen network. This organized assembly explains the stiff, flexible nature of the cartilage constructs developed from hMSCs in this culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Murdoch
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy E Hardingham
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David R Eyre
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Russell J Fernandes
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
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23
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Pereira EM. Clinical perspectives on osteogenesis imperfecta versus non-accidental injury. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 169:302-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Lindert U, Weis MA, Rai J, Seeliger F, Hausser I, Leeb T, Eyre D, Rohrbach M, Giunta C. Molecular Consequences of the SERPINH1/HSP47 Mutation in the Dachshund Natural Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17679-17689. [PMID: 26004778 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disease characterized by bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Up to now, mutations in at least 18 genes have been associated with dominant and recessive forms of OI that affect the production or post-translational processing of procollagen or alter bone homeostasis. Among those, SERPINH1 encoding heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a chaperone exclusive for collagen folding in the ER, was identified to cause a severe form of OI in dachshunds (L326P) as well as in humans (one single case with a L78P mutation). To elucidate the disease mechanism underlying OI in the dog model, we applied a range of biochemical assays to mutant and control skin fibroblasts as well as on bone samples. These experiments revealed that type I collagen synthesized by mutant cells had decreased electrophoretic mobility. Procollagen was retained intracellularly with concomitant dilation of ER cisternae and activation of the ER stress response markers GRP78 and phospho-eIF2α, thus suggesting a defect in procollagen processing. In line with the migration shift detected on SDS-PAGE of cell culture collagen, extracts of bone collagen from the OI dog showed a similar mobility shift, and on tandem mass spectrometry, the chains were post-translationally overmodified. The bone collagen had a higher content of pyridinoline than control dog bone. We conclude that the SERPINH1 mutation in this naturally occurring model of OI impairs how HSP47 acts as a chaperone in the ER. This results in abnormal post-translational modification and cross-linking of the bone collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi Lindert
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Frank Seeliger
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Marini JC. Heritable connective tissue disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Marini JC, Reich A, Smith SM. Osteogenesis imperfecta due to mutations in non-collagenous genes: lessons in the biology of bone formation. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014; 26:500-7. [PMID: 25007323 PMCID: PMC4183132 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteogenesis imperfecta or 'brittle bone disease' has mainly been considered a bone disorder caused by collagen mutations. Within the last decade, however, a surge of genetic discoveries has created a new paradigm for osteogenesis imperfecta as a collagen-related disorder, where most cases are due to autosomal dominant type I collagen defects, while rare, mostly recessive, forms are due to defects in genes whose protein products interact with collagen protein. This review is both timely and relevant in outlining the genesis, development, and future of this paradigm shift in the understanding of osteogenesis imperfecta. RECENT FINDINGS Bone-restricted interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM)-like protein (BRIL) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) defects cause types V and VI osteogenesis imperfecta via defective bone mineralization, while defects in cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP), prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1), and cyclophilin B (CYPB) cause types VII-IX osteogenesis imperfecta via defective collagen post-translational modification. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and FK506-binding protein-65 (FKBP65) defects cause types X and XI osteogenesis imperfecta via aberrant collagen crosslinking, folding, and chaperoning, while defects in SP7 transcription factor, wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 1 (WNT1), trimeric intracellular cation channel type b (TRIC-B), and old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS) disrupt osteoblast development. Finally, absence of the type I collagen C-propeptidase bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) causes type XII osteogenesis imperfecta due to altered collagen maturation/processing. SUMMARY Identification of these multiple causative defects has provided crucial information for accurate genetic counseling, inspired a recently proposed functional grouping of osteogenesis imperfecta types by shared mechanism to simplify current nosology, and has prodded investigations into common pathways in osteogenesis imperfecta. Such investigations could yield critical information on cellular and bone tissue mechanisms and translate to new mechanistic insight into clinical therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C. Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Adi Reich
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Simone M. Smith
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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27
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Van Dijk FS, Sillence DO. Osteogenesis imperfecta: clinical diagnosis, nomenclature and severity assessment. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1470-81. [PMID: 24715559 PMCID: PMC4314691 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the genetic heterogeneity in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), proposed in 1979 by Sillence et al., has been confirmed with molecular genetic studies. At present, 17 genetic causes of OI and closely related disorders have been identified and it is expected that more will follow. Unlike most reviews that have been published in the last decade on the genetic causes and biochemical processes leading to OI, this review focuses on the clinical classification of OI and elaborates on the newly proposed OI classification from 2010, which returned to a descriptive and numerical grouping of five OI syndromic groups. The new OI nomenclature and the pre-and postnatal severity assessment introduced in this review, emphasize the importance of phenotyping in order to diagnose, classify, and assess severity of OI. This will provide patients and their families with insight into the probable course of the disorder and it will allow physicians to evaluate the effect of therapy. A careful clinical description in combination with knowledge of the specific molecular genetic cause is the starting point for development and assessment of therapy in patients with heritable disorders including OI. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Van Dijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Connective Tissue Disorders, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Lazarus S, Moffatt P, Duncan EL, Thomas GP. A brilliant breakthrough in OI type V. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:399-405. [PMID: 24030286 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 or bone-restricted ifitm-like gene (Bril) was first identified as a bone gene in 2008, although no in vivo role was identified at that time. A role in human bone has now been demonstrated with a number of recent studies identifying a single point mutation in Bril as the causative mutation in osteogenesis imperfecta type V (OI type V). Such a discovery suggests a key role for Bril in skeletal regulation, and the completely novel nature of the gene raises the possibility of a new regulatory pathway in bone. Furthermore, the phenotype of OI type V has unique and quite divergent features compared with other forms of OI involving defects in collagen biology. Currently it appears that the underlying genetic defect in OI type V may be unrelated to collagen regulation, which also raises interesting questions about the classification of this form of OI. This review will discuss current knowledge of OI type V, the function of Bril, and the implications of this recent discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lazarus
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Level 4, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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29
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McInerney-Leo AM, Marshall MS, Gardiner B, Coucke PJ, Van Laer L, Loeys BL, Summers KM, Symoens S, West JA, West MJ, Paul Wordsworth B, Zankl A, Leo PJ, Brown MA, Duncan EL. Whole exome sequencing is an efficient, sensitive and specific method of mutation detection in osteogenesis imperfecta and Marfan syndrome. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:456. [PMID: 24501682 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and Marfan syndrome (MFS) are common Mendelian disorders. Both conditions are usually diagnosed clinically, as genetic testing is expensive due to the size and number of potentially causative genes and mutations. However, genetic testing may benefit patients, at-risk family members and individuals with borderline phenotypes, as well as improving genetic counseling and allowing critical differential diagnoses. We assessed whether whole exome sequencing (WES) is a sensitive method for mutation detection in OI and MFS. WES was performed on genomic DNA from 13 participants with OI and 10 participants with MFS who had known mutations, with exome capture followed by massive parallel sequencing of multiplexed samples. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small indels were called using Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) and annotated with ANNOVAR. CREST, exomeCopy and exomeDepth were used for large deletion detection. Results were compared with the previous data. Specificity was calculated by screening WES data from a control population of 487 individuals for mutations in COL1A1, COL1A2 and FBN1. The target capture of five exome capture platforms was compared. All 13 mutations in the OI cohort and 9/10 in the MFS cohort were detected (sensitivity=95.6%) including non-synonymous SNPs, small indels (<10 bp), and a large UTR5/exon 1 deletion. One mutation was not detected by GATK due to strand bias. Specificity was 99.5%. Capture platforms and analysis programs differed considerably in their ability to detect mutations. Consumable costs for WES were low. WES is an efficient, sensitive, specific and cost-effective method for mutation detection in patients with OI and MFS. Careful selection of platform and analysis programs is necessary to maximize success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aideen M McInerney-Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mhairi S Marshall
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brooke Gardiner
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Medical Genetics, The University Hospital Ghent , Gent, Belgium
| | - Lut Van Laer
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital , Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart L Loeys
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital , Antwerp, Belgium ; Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Summers
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian, UK
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Medical Genetics, The University Hospital Ghent , Gent, Belgium
| | - Jennifer A West
- The University of Qld Northside Clinical School, Prince Charles Hospital , Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malcolm J West
- The University of Qld Northside Clinical School, Prince Charles Hospital , Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - B Paul Wordsworth
- NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre , Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Zankl
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research , Herston, Queensland, Australia ; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia ; Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma L Duncan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia ; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Herston, Queensland, Australia
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30
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McAlinden A, Traeger G, Hansen U, Weis MA, Ravindran S, Wirthlin L, Eyre DR, Fernandes RJ. Molecular properties and fibril ultrastructure of types II and XI collagens in cartilage of mice expressing exclusively the α1(IIA) collagen isoform. Matrix Biol 2013; 34:105-13. [PMID: 24113490 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Until now, no biological tools have been available to determine if a cross-linked collagen fibrillar network derived entirely from type IIA procollagen isoforms, can form in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage. Recently, homozygous knock-in transgenic mice (Col2a1(+ex2), ki/ki) were generated that exclusively express the IIA procollagen isoform during post-natal development while type IIB procollagen, normally present in the ECM of wild type mice, is absent. The difference between these Col2a1 isoforms is the inclusion (IIA) or exclusion (IIB) of exon 2 that is alternatively spliced in a developmentally regulated manner. Specifically, chondroprogenitor cells synthesize predominantly IIA mRNA isoforms while differentiated chondrocytes produce mainly IIB mRNA isoforms. Recent characterization of the Col2a1(+ex2) mice has surprisingly shown that disruption of alternative splicing does not affect overt cartilage formation. In the present study, biochemical analyses showed that type IIA collagen extracted from ki/ki mouse rib cartilage can form homopolymers that are stabilized predominantly by hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) cross-links at levels that differed from wild type rib cartilage. The findings indicate that mature type II collagen derived exclusively from type IIA procollagen molecules can form hetero-fibrils with type XI collagen and contribute to cartilage structure and function. Heteropolymers with type XI collagen also formed. Electron microscopy revealed mainly thin type IIA collagen fibrils in ki/ki mouse rib cartilage. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry of purified type XI collagen revealed a heterotrimeric molecular composition of α1(XI)α2(XI)α1(IIA) chains where the α1(IIA) chain is the IIA form of the α3(XI) chain. Since the N-propeptide of type XI collagen regulates type II collagen fibril diameter in cartilage, the retention of the exon 2-encoded IIA globular domain would structurally alter the N-propeptide of type XI collagen. This structural change may subsequently affect the regulatory function of type XI collagen resulting in the collagen fibril and cross-linking differences observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St Louis MO, USA
| | - Geoffrey Traeger
- Department of Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Soumya Ravindran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis MO, USA
| | - Louisa Wirthlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis MO, USA
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Russell J Fernandes
- Department of Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.
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31
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Moul A, Alladin A, Navarrete C, Abdenour G, Rodriguez MM. Osteogenesis imperfecta due to compound heterozygosity for the LEPRE1 gene. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2013; 32:319-25. [PMID: 23301918 PMCID: PMC3786543 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2012.754528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility and low bone density. Most cases are caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in either COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene encoding type I collagen. However, autosomal recessive forms have been identified. We present a patient with severe respiratory distress due to osteogenesis imperfecta simulating type II, born to a non-consanguineous couple with mixed African-American and African-Hispanic ethnicity. Cultured skin fibroblasts demonstrated compound heterozygosity for mutations in the LEPRE1 gene encoding prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 confirming the diagnosis of autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII, perinatal lethal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Moul
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable bone dysplasia characterized by bone fragility and deformity and growth deficiency. Most cases of OI (classical types) have autosomal dominant inheritance and are caused by mutations in the type I collagen genes. During the past several years, a number of noncollagenous genes whose protein products interact with collagen have been identified as the cause(s) of rare forms of OI. This has led to a paradigm shift for OI as a collagen-related condition. The majority of the non-classical OI types have autosomal recessive inheritance and null mutations in their respective genes. The exception is a unique dominant defect in IFITM5, which encodes Bril and leads to hypertrophic callus and interosseous membrane ossification. Three recessive OI types arise from defects in any of the components of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex (CRTAP, P3H1, CyPB), which modifies the collagen α1(I)Pro986 residue. Complex dysfunction leads to delayed folding of the procollagen triple helix and increased helical modification. Next, defects in collagen chaperones, HSP47 and FKBP65, lead to improper procollagen folding and deficient collagen cross-linking in matrix, respectively. A form of OI with a mineralization defect is caused by mutations in SERPINF1, whose protein product, PEDF, is a well-known antiangiogenesis factor. Defects in the C-propeptide cleavage enzyme, BMP1, also cause recessive OI. Additional genes, including SP7 and TMEM38B, have been implicated in recessive OI but are as yet unclassified. Elucidating the mechanistic pathways common to dominant and recessive OI may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to improve clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Pepin MG, Schwarze U, Singh V, Romana M, Jones-Lecointe A, Byers PH. Allelic background of LEPRE1 mutations that cause recessive forms of osteogenesis imperfecta in different populations. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 1:194-205. [PMID: 24498616 PMCID: PMC3865588 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in LEPRE1 result in recessively inherited forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) that are often lethal in the perinatal period. A mutation (c.1080+1G>T, IVS5+1G>T) in African Americans has a carrier frequency of about 1/240. The mutant allele originated in West Africa in tribes of Ghana and Nigeria where the carrier frequencies are 2% and 5%. By examining 200 samples from an African-derived population in Tobago and reviewing hospital neonatal death records, we determined that the carrier frequency of c.1080+1G>T was about one in 200 and did not contribute to the neonatal deaths recorded over a 3-year period of time in Trinidad. In the course of sequence analysis, we found surprisingly high LEPRE1 allelic diversity in the Tobago DNA samples in which there were 11 alleles distinguished by a single basepair variant in or near exon 5. All the alleles found in the Tobago population that were within the sequence analysis region were found in the African American population in the Exome Variant Project. This diversity appeared to reflect the geographic origin of the original population in Tobago. In 44 individuals with biallelic LEPRE1 mutations identified by clinical diagnostic testing, we found the sequence alterations occurred on seven of the 11 variant alleles. All but one of the mutations identified resulted in mRNA or protein instability for the majority of the transcripts from the altered allele. These findings suggest that the milder end of the clinical spectrum could be due to as yet unidentified missense mutations in LEPRE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie G Pepin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Washington
| | - Ulrike Schwarze
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Washington
| | - Virendra Singh
- Mt. Hope Hospital, University of West Indies Medical School Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Marc Romana
- Inserm/Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre Guadeloupe
| | | | - Peter H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Washington ; Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Seattle, Washington
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Byers
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
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Rohrbach M, Giunta C. Recessive osteogenesis imperfecta: clinical, radiological, and molecular findings. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 160C:175-89. [PMID: 22791419 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) or "brittle bone disease" is currently best described as a group of hereditary connective tissue disorders related to primary defects in type I procollagen, and to alterations in type I procollagen biosynthesis, both associated with osteoporosis and increased susceptibility to bone fractures. Initially, the autosomal dominant forms of OI, caused by mutations in either COL1A1 or COL1A2, were described. However, for decades, the molecular defect of a small percentage of patients clinically diagnosed with OI has remained elusive. It has been in the last 6 years that the genetic causes of several forms of OI with autosomal recessive inheritance have been characterized. These comprise defects of collagen chaperones, and proteins involved in type I procollagen assembly, processing and maturation, as well as proteins involved in the formation and homeostasis of bone tissue. This article reviews the recently characterized forms of recessive OI, focusing in particular on their clinical and molecular findings, and on their radiological characterisation. Clinical management and treatment of OI in general will be discussed, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rohrbach
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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