1
|
Chen L, Yuan H, Wang XJ, Li L, Tan X, Lin YW. Engineering Human Neuroglobin into a Cytochrome c-Like Protein with a Single Thioether Bond in Non-native State. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200531. [PMID: 36217897 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A double mutant of human H64M/V71C neuroglobin (Ngb) was engineered, which formed a single thioether bond as that in atypical cytochrome c, whereas the heme distal Met64 was oxidized to both sulfoxide (SO-Met) and sulfone (SO2 -Met). By contrast, no Cys-heme cross-link was formed in V71C Ngb with His64/His96 coordination, as shown by the X-ray crystal structure, which indicates that an open distal site facilitates the activation of heme iron for structural modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Lianzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.,Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Falgayrac G, Vitale R, Delannoy Y, Behal H, Penel G, Olejnik C, Duponchel L, Colard T. Bone Molecular Modifications Induced by Diagenesis Followed-Up for 12 Months. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36290445 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
After death, diagenesis takes place. Numerous processes occur concomitantly, which makes it difficult to identify the diagenetic processes. The diagenetic processes refer to all processes (chemical or physical) that modify the skeletal remains. These processes are highly variable depending on the environmental factors (weather, temperature, age, sex, etc.), especially in the early stages. Numerous studies have evaluated bone diagenetic processes over long timescales (~millions of years), but fewer have been done over short timescales (between days and thousands of years). The objective of the study is to assess the early stages of diagenetic processes by Raman microspectroscopy over 12 months. The mineral and organic matrix modifications are monitored through physicochemical parameters. Ribs from six humans were buried in soil. The modifications of bone composition were followed by Raman spectroscopy each month. The decrease in the mineral/organic ratio and carbonate type-B content and the increase in crystallinity reveal that minerals undergo dissolution-recrystallization. The decrease in collagen cross-linking indicates that collagen hydrolysis induces the fragmentation of collagen fibres over 12 months.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mukhametzyanov T, Schmelzer JW, Yarko E, Abdullin A, Ziganshin M, Sedov I, Schick C. Crystal Nucleation and Growth in Cross-Linked Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213617. [PMID: 34771173 PMCID: PMC8588086 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal nucleation and overall crystallization kinetics of cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone) was studied experimentally by fast scanning calorimetry in a wide temperature range. With an increasing degree of cross-linking, both the nucleation and crystallization half-times increase. Concurrently, the glass transition range shifts to higher temperatures. In contrast, the temperatures of the maximum nucleation and the overall crystallization rates remain the same, independent of the degree of cross-linking. The cold crystallization peak temperature generally increases as a function of heating rate, reaching an asymptotic value near the temperature of the maximum growth rate. A theoretical interpretation of these results is given in terms of classical nucleation theory. In addition, it is shown that the average distance between the nearest cross-links is smaller than the estimated lamellae thickness, which indicates the inclusion of cross-links in the crystalline phase of the polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timur Mukhametzyanov
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.S.); Tel.: +7-903-343-9026 (T.M.); +49-381-498-6880 (C.S.)
| | - Jürn W.P. Schmelzer
- Institute of Physics and Competence Centre CALOR, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Egor Yarko
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Albert Abdullin
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Marat Ziganshin
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Igor Sedov
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Christoph Schick
- A. M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.Y.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Physics and Competence Centre CALOR, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (C.S.); Tel.: +7-903-343-9026 (T.M.); +49-381-498-6880 (C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mariotti M, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Hägglund P, Davies MJ. Cross-linking and modification of fibronectin by peroxynitrous acid: Mapping and quantification of damage provides a new model for domain interactions. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100360. [PMID: 33539924 PMCID: PMC7950325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an abundant glycoprotein found in plasma and the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is present at high concentrations at sites of tissue damage, where it is exposed to oxidants generated by activated leukocytes, including peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH) formed from nitric oxide (from inducible nitric oxide synthase) and superoxide radicals (from NADPH oxidases and other sources). ONOOH reacts rapidly with the abundant tyrosine and tryptophan residues in ECM proteins, resulting in the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine, di-tyrosine, and 6-nitrotryptophan. We have shown previously that human plasma FN is readily modified by ONOOH, but the extent and location of modifications, and the role of FN structure (compact versus extended) in determining these factors is poorly understood. Here, we provide a detailed LC-MS analysis of ONOOH-induced FN modifications, including the extent of their formation and the sites of intramolecular and intermolecular cross-links, including Tyr-Tyr, Trp-Trp, and Tyr-Trp linkages. The localization of these cross-links to specific domains provides novel data on the interactions between different modules in the compact conformation of plasma FN and allows us to propose a model of its unknown quaternary structure. Interestingly, the pattern of modifications is significantly different to that generated by another inflammatory oxidant, HOCl, in both extent and sites. The characterization and quantification of these modifications offers the possibility of the use of these materials as specific biomarkers of ECM modification and turnover in the many pathologies associated with inflammation-associated fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mariotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bayer M, Angenendt L, Schliemann C, Hartmann W, König S. Are formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues fit for proteomic analysis? J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4347. [PMID: 30828905 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-tissue archives are potential treasure troves in the search for clinically interesting specimens. However, while the FFPE-treatment provides excellent conservation of the three-dimensional structure of the tissue and prevents degradation over decades, it also introduces numerous nonspecific and irreversible protein modifications. In this study, we have evaluated several published workflows for FFPE-tissue by fit-for-purpose proteomics technologies. We demonstrate that many protein modifications and cross-links remain after treatment and conclude that the proteomics of FFPE-tissue is of value, but clear-cut limitations must be kept in mind. The analysis of abundant proteins in FFPE is straightforward, but confident identification of low-level proteins and/or biologically relevant modifications is seriously hampered by the FFPE-treatment. Peptide assignment should only be performed on high-quality spectra, even if this is at the cost of lower numbers of protein IDs. As Yergey and Coorssen stated in 2015: "Data quality is considered the primary criterion, and we thus emphasize that the standards of Analytical Chemistry must apply throughout any proteomic analysis."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bayer
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Linus Angenendt
- Department of Medicine A, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stammers M, Ivanova IM, Niewczas IS, Segonds-Pichon A, Streeter M, Spiegel DA, Clark J. Age-related changes in the physical properties, cross-linking, and glycation of collagen from mouse tail tendon. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10562-10571. [PMID: 32381510 PMCID: PMC7397091 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a structural protein whose internal cross-linking critically determines the properties and functions of connective tissue. Knowing how the cross-linking of collagen changes with age is key to understanding why the mechanical properties of tissues change over a lifetime. The current scientific consensus is that collagen cross-linking increases with age and that this increase leads to tendon stiffening. Here, we show that this view should be reconsidered. Using MS-based analyses, we demonstrated that during aging of healthy C57BL/6 mice, the overall levels of collagen cross-linking in tail tendon decreased with age. However, the levels of lysine glycation in collagen, which is not considered a cross-link, increased dramatically with age. We found that in 16-week-old diabetic db/db mice, glycation reaches levels similar to those observed in 98-week-old C57BL/6 mice, while the other cross-links typical of tendon collagen either decreased or remained the same as those observed in 20-week-old WT mice. These results, combined with findings from mechanical testing of tendons from these mice, indicate that overall collagen cross-linking in mouse tendon decreases with age. Our findings also reveal that lysine glycation appears to be an important factor that contributes to tendon stiffening with age and in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina M Ivanova
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Matthew Streeter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Listrat A, Gagaoua M, Normand J, Gruffat D, Andueza D, Mairesse G, Mourot BP, Chesneau G, Gobert C, Picard B. Contribution of connective tissue components, muscle fibres and marbling to beef tenderness variability in longissimus thoracis, rectus abdominis, semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2502-2511. [PMID: 31960978 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to identify relationships between components of intramuscular connective tissue, proportions of the different fiber types, intramuscular fat and sensory tenderness of beef cooked at 55 °C. Accordingly, four muscles differing in their metabolic and contractile properties, as well as in their collagen content and butcher value, were obtained from dairy and beef cattle of several ages and sexes and were then used to create variability. RESULTS Correlation analyses and/or stepwise regressions were applied on Z-scores to identify the existing and robust associations. Tenderness scores were further categorized into tender, medium and tough classes using unsupervised learning methods. The findings revealed a muscle-dependant role with respect to tenderness of total and insoluble collagen, cross-links, and type IIB + X and IIA muscle fibers. The longissimus thoracis and semitendinosus muscles that, in the present study, were found to be extreme in their tenderness potential were also very different from each other and from the rectus abdominis (RA) and semimembranosus (SM). RA and SM muscles were very similar regarding their relationship for muscle components and tenderness. A relationship between marbling and tenderness was only present when the results were analysed irrespective of all factors of variation of the experimental model relating to muscle and animal type. CONCLUSION The statistical approaches applied in the present study using Z-scores allowed identification of the robust associations between muscle components and sensory beef tenderness and also identified discriminatory variables of beef tenderness classes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Listrat
- PHASE Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- PHASE Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jérome Normand
- Institut de l'Elevage, Service Qualité des Viandes, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Gruffat
- PHASE Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Donato Andueza
- PHASE Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Brigitte Picard
- PHASE Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Tendons transmit forces from muscles to bones to enable skeletal motility. During development, tendons begin to bear load at the onset of embryo movements. Using the chick embryo model, this study showed that altered embryo movement frequency led to changes in elastic modulus of calcaneal tendon. In particular, paralysis led to decreased modulus, whereas hypermotility led to increased modulus. Paralysis also led to reductions in activity levels of lysyl oxidase (LOX), an enzyme that we previously showed is required for cross-linking-mediated elaboration of tendon mechanical properties. Additionally, inhibition of LOX activity abrogated hypermotility-induced increases in modulus. Taken together, our findings suggest embryo movements are critical for tendon mechanical property development and implicate LOX in this process. These exciting findings expand current knowledge of how functional tendons form during development and could guide future clinical approaches to treat tendon defects associated with abnormal mechanical loading in utero. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Mechanics of development’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sabrina Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Jiewen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Edward B Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Catherine K Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA .,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hong H, Chaplot S, Chalamaiah M, Roy BC, Bruce HL, Wu J. Removing Cross-Linked Telopeptides Enhances the Production of Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptides from Spent Hens. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:7491-7499. [PMID: 28745049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The low-molecular-weight (LMW) peptides derived from collagen have shown a potential for various nutritional and pharmaceutical applications. However, production of LMW peptides from vertebrate collagen remains a challenge. Herein, we report a new method to produce LMW collagen peptides using pepsin pretreatment that removed cross-linked telopeptides in collagen molecules. After the pretreatment, the proportion of LMW collagen peptides (<1.4 kDa) that were obtained from pepsin-soluble collagen increased to 32.59% compared to heat-soluble collagen peptides (16.10%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated that telopeptide cleavage retained the triple-helical conformation of collagen. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis suggested that Gly-X-Y (X is often proline, while Y is either hydroxyproline or hydroxylysine) repeats were not the main factors that hindered the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen molecules. However, cross-link quantification demonstrated that trivalent cross-links that included pyridinolines and pyrroles were the primary obstacles to producing small peptides from collagen of spent hens. This study demonstrated for the first time that removing cross-linked telopeptides could enhance the production of LMW peptides from spent hen collagen, which is also of interest to manufacturers who produce LMW collagen peptides from other vertebrate animals, such as bovids and porcids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hong
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Shreyak Chaplot
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Meram Chalamaiah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Bimol C Roy
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Heather L Bruce
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hudson DM, Weis M, Rai J, Joeng KS, Dimori M, Lee BH, Morello R, Eyre DR. P3h3-null and Sc65-null Mice Phenocopy the Collagen Lysine Under-hydroxylation and Cross-linking Abnormality of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VIA. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3877-3887. [PMID: 28115524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry was applied to tissues from targeted mutant mouse models to explore the collagen substrate specificities of individual members of the prolyl 3-hydroxylase (P3H) gene family. Previous studies revealed that P3h1 preferentially 3-hydroxylates proline at a single site in collagen type I chains, whereas P3h2 is responsible for 3-hydroxylating multiple proline sites in collagen types I, II, IV, and V. In screening for collagen substrate sites for the remaining members of the vertebrate P3H family, P3h3 and Sc65 knock-out mice revealed a common lysine under-hydroxylation effect at helical domain cross-linking sites in skin, bone, tendon, aorta, and cornea. No effect on prolyl 3-hydroxylation was evident on screening the spectrum of known 3-hydroxyproline sites from all major tissue collagen types. However, collagen type I extracted from both Sc65-/- and P3h3-/- skin revealed the same abnormal chain pattern on SDS-PAGE with an overabundance of a γ112 cross-linked trimer. The latter proved to be from native molecules that had intramolecular aldol cross-links at each end. The lysine under-hydroxylation was shown to alter the divalent aldimine cross-link chemistry of mutant skin collagen. Furthermore, the ratio of mature HP/LP cross-links in bone of both P3h3-/- and Sc65-/- mice was reversed compared with wild type, consistent with the level of lysine under-hydroxylation seen in individual chains at cross-linking sites. The effect on cross-linking lysines was quantitatively very similar to that previously observed in EDS VIA human and Plod1-/- mouse tissues, suggesting that P3H3 and/or SC65 mutations may cause as yet undefined EDS variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Hudson
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195,
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jyoti Rai
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Milena Dimori
- the Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Brendan H Lee
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Roy Morello
- the Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - David R Eyre
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gagarinskyi EL, Vekshin NL. [Blue death of nematodes.]. Adv Gerontol 2017; 30:676-684. [PMID: 29322733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows that the aging and death of nematodes, accompanied by the ignition of a blue glow under fluorescent microscopy, are not directly linked to any lipofuscin (aging pigment), nor with the anthranilic acid (a product of degradation of tryptophan residues of proteins). The main contribution in the blue flash of the dying nematodes belongs to parasitic light, scattered on the cuticle and bodies of the worm. The main contribution in the blue region at spectrofluorometry of homogenates, obtained from nematodes, really gives anthranilic acid. However, the content of anthranilic acid, measured by spectrofluorimetry, in adult nematodes is lower than that in the young ones. Artificial aging of nematodes by moderate heating revealed no accumulation of anthranilate and no loss of tryptophan, from which it must be formed. Thus, it is hardly lipofuscin or anthranilic acid. The cause of aging and death of nematodes is the formation of strong cross-links between proteins. This is supported by data on tryptophan fluorescence and light scattering of homogenates: the old worms show a large number of denaturated proteins and large protein particles with a strong cross-links, which are not destroyed be detergent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Gagarinskyi
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russian Federation;
| | - N L Vekshin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, RAS, 3, Institutskaya str., Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russian Federation;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Type I collagen is the fundamental component of the extracellular matrix. Its α1 gene is the direct descendant of ancestral fibrillar collagen and contains 57 exons encoding the rod-like triple-helical COL domain. We trace the evolution of the COL domain from a primordial collagen 18 residues in length to its present 1014 residues, the limit of its possible length. In order to maintain and improve the essential structural features of collagen during evolution, exons can be added or extended only in permitted, non-random increments that preserve the position of spatially sensitive cross-linkage sites. Such sites cannot be maintained unless the twist of the triple helix is close to 30 amino acids per turn. Inspection of the gene structure of other long structural proteins, fibronectin and titin, suggests that their evolution might have been subject to similar constraints.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lindert U, Weis MA, Rai J, Seeliger F, Hausser I, Leeb T, Eyre D, Rohrbach M, Giunta C. Molecular Consequences of the SERPINH1/HSP47 Mutation in the Dachshund Natural Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17679-17689. [PMID: 26004778 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disease characterized by bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Up to now, mutations in at least 18 genes have been associated with dominant and recessive forms of OI that affect the production or post-translational processing of procollagen or alter bone homeostasis. Among those, SERPINH1 encoding heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a chaperone exclusive for collagen folding in the ER, was identified to cause a severe form of OI in dachshunds (L326P) as well as in humans (one single case with a L78P mutation). To elucidate the disease mechanism underlying OI in the dog model, we applied a range of biochemical assays to mutant and control skin fibroblasts as well as on bone samples. These experiments revealed that type I collagen synthesized by mutant cells had decreased electrophoretic mobility. Procollagen was retained intracellularly with concomitant dilation of ER cisternae and activation of the ER stress response markers GRP78 and phospho-eIF2α, thus suggesting a defect in procollagen processing. In line with the migration shift detected on SDS-PAGE of cell culture collagen, extracts of bone collagen from the OI dog showed a similar mobility shift, and on tandem mass spectrometry, the chains were post-translationally overmodified. The bone collagen had a higher content of pyridinoline than control dog bone. We conclude that the SERPINH1 mutation in this naturally occurring model of OI impairs how HSP47 acts as a chaperone in the ER. This results in abnormal post-translational modification and cross-linking of the bone collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uschi Lindert
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Frank Seeliger
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Forrest AJ, Exley P, Mayze J, Paulo C, Williams D, Sikes A, Poole SE. Physiological factors influencing toughness in cooked Saddletail snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus). J Food Sci 2014; 79:C1877-85. [PMID: 25164088 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Saddletail snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) is a commercially significant tropical species in Australia and has been the subject of consumer complaints of extreme toughness in cooked fillets. Textural and biochemical analyses including collagen and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (PYD) cross-links concentrations were conducted on 101 commercially harvested Saddletail snapper to identify causes of toughness. Fish age was found to account for 75.6% of observed variation in cooked muscle texture (work done) of Saddletail snapper. A significant linear relationship (P < 0.001) between PYD content and cooked muscle texture was also identified accounting for 50.3% of observed variation. The concentration ratio of PYD to total collagen (TC) ranged from 0.04 to 0.38 mol PYD per mol of TC. Fish size was also found to be a poor indicator of fish age and therefore a poor indicator of the potential risk of toughness of the cooked muscle. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Some tropical fish species of commercial significance can grow reasonably old without growing into particularly large fish. These fish can have a cooked meat texture that is very firm and not dissimilar to that of cooked chicken meat. These species should be marketed as such and not targeted toward existing markets and consumers more familiar with fish species with softer meat texture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Forrest
- Innovative Food Technologies, Dept. of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, Queensland, 4108, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pingel J, Lu Y, Starborg T, Fredberg U, Langberg H, Nedergaard A, Weis M, Eyre D, Kjaer M, Kadler KE. 3-D ultrastructure and collagen composition of healthy and overloaded human tendon: evidence of tenocyte and matrix buckling. J Anat 2014; 224:548-55. [PMID: 24571576 PMCID: PMC3981497 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathies display focal tissue thickening with pain and ultrasonography changes. Whilst complete rupture might be expected to induce changes in tissue organization and protein composition, little is known about the consequences of non-rupture-associated tendinopathies, especially with regards to changes in the content of collagen type I and III (the major collagens in tendon), and changes in tendon fibroblast (tenocyte) shape and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To gain new insights, we took biopsies from the tendinopathic region and flanking healthy region of Achilles tendons of six individuals with clinically diagnosed tendinopathy who had no evidence of cholesterol, uric acid and amyloid accumulation. Biochemical analyses of collagen III/I ratio were performed on all six individuals, and electron microscope analysis using transmission electron microscopy and serial block face-scanning electron microscopy were made on two individuals. In the tendinopathic regions, compared with the flanking healthy tissue, we observed: (i) an increase in the ratio of collagen III : I proteins; (ii) buckling of the collagen fascicles in the ECM; (iii) buckling of tenocytes and their nuclei; and (iv) an increase in the ratio of small-diameter : large-diameter collagen fibrils. In summary, load-induced non-rupture tendinopathy in humans is associated with localized biochemical changes, a shift from large-to small-diameter fibrils, buckling of the tendon ECM, and buckling of the cells and their nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pingel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital and Centre for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Veres SP, Harrison JM, Lee JM. Cross-link stabilization does not affect the response of collagen molecules, fibrils, or tendons to tensile overload. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1907-13. [PMID: 24038530 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether immature allysine-derived cross-links provide mechanically labile linkages by exploring the effects of immature cross-link stabilization at three levels of collagen hierarchy: damaged fibril morphology, whole tendon mechanics, and molecular stability. Tendons from the tails of young adult steers were either treated with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) to stabilize labile cross-links, exposed only to the buffer used during stabilization treatment, or maintained as untreated controls. One-half of each tendon was then subjected to five cycles of subrupture overload. Morphologic changes to collagen fibrils resulting from overload were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and changes in the hydrothermal stability of collagen molecules were assessed using hydrothermal isometric tension testing. NaBH4 cross-link stabilization did not affect the response of tendon collagen to tensile overload at any of the three levels of hierarchy studied. Cross-link stabilization did not prevent the characteristic overload-induced mode of fibril damage that we term discrete plasticity. Similarly, stabilization did not alter the mechanical response of whole tendons to overload, and did not prevent an overload-induced thermal destabilization of collagen molecules. Our results indicate that hydrothermally labile cross-links may not be as mechanically labile as was previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Veres
- Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3C3
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liaptsis G, Hertel D, Meerholz K. Solution processed organic double light-emitting layer diode based on cross-linkable small molecular systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9563-7. [PMID: 23824646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Liaptsis
- Chemistry Department, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Strasse 116, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barkaoui A, Hambli R. Nanomechanical properties of mineralised collagen microfibrils based on finite elements method: biomechanical role of cross-links. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 17:1590-601. [PMID: 23439084 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2012.758255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structures in bio-composites such as bone tissue have many scales or levels and synergic interactions between the different levels. They also have a highly complex architecture in order to fulfil their biological and mechanical functions. In this study, a new three-dimensional (3D) model based on the finite elements (FEs) method was used to model the relationship between the hierarchical structure and the properties of the constituents at the sub-structure scale (mineralised collagen microfibrils) and to investigate their apparent nanomechanical properties. The results of the proposed FE simulations show that the elastic properties of microfibrils depend on different factors such as the number of cross-links, the mechanical properties and the volume fraction of phases. The results obtained under compression loading at a small deformation < 2% show that the microfibrils have a Young's modulus (Ef) ranging from 0.4 to 1.16 GPa and a Poisson's ratio ranging from 0.26 to 0.3. These results are in excellent agreement with experimental data (X-ray, AFM and MEMS) and molecular simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahed Barkaoui
- a PRISME Laboratory, EA4229, University of Orleans , Polytech' Orléans, 8, Rue Léonard de Vinci 45072, Orléans , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Pectate (polygalacturonic acid) acts as a chelator to bind calcium and form cross-links that hold adjacent pectate polymers and thus plant cell walls together. When under tension from turgor pressure in the cell, the cross-links appear to distort and weaken. New pectate supplied by the cytoplasm is undistorted and removes wall calcium preferentially from the weakened bonds, loosening the wall and accelerating cell expansion. The new pectate now containing the removed calcium can bind to the wall, strengthening it and linking expansion to wall deposition. But new calcium needs to be added as well to replenish the calcium lost from the vacated wall pectate. A recent report demonstrated that growth was disrupted if new calcium was unavailable. The present addendum highlights this conclusion by reviewing an experiment from before the chelation chemistry was understood. Using cell wall labeling, a direct link appeared between wall expansion and wall deposition. Together, these experiments support the concept that newly supplied pectate has growth activity on its way to deposition in the wall. Growth rate is thus controlled by signals affecting the rate of pectate release. After release, the coordination of expansion and deposition arises naturally from chelation chemistry when polymers are under tension from turgor pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E. Proseus
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment (formerly Marine Studies); University of Delaware; Lewes, DE USA
| | - John S. Boyer
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment (formerly Marine Studies); University of Delaware; Lewes, DE USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Giambini H, Ikeda J, Amadio PC, An KN, Zhao C. The quadriga effect revisited: designing a "safety incision" to prevent tendon repair rupture and gap formation in a canine model in vitro. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:1482-9. [PMID: 20872585 PMCID: PMC3591491 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Loss of experimental animals due to tendon repair failure results in the need for additional animals to complete the study. We designed a relief proximal to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon repair site to serve as a "safety incision" to prevent repair site ruptures and maximize safety incision-to-suture strength. The FDP tendons were dissected in 24 canine forepaws. The 2nd and 5th tendons were lacerated at the proximal interphalangeal joint level and sutured using a modified Kessler technique and peripheral running suture. Tendon width was measured where the FDP tendon separates into each individual digit and a safety incision, equal to the 2nd and 5th tendon widths, was performed 3, 4, or 5 mm (Groups 1, 2, and 3) proximal to the separation. The tendons were pulled at a rate of 1 mm/s until either the "safety incision" ruptured or the repair failed. There was no gap formation at the repair site in Groups 1 and 2. However, all Group 3 tendons failed by repair site rupture with the safety incision intact. An adequate safety incision to protect repair gap and rupture and maintain tendon tension for the FDP animal model should be about 4 mm from where the FDP tendon separates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Giambini
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Serafini-Fracassini D, Del Duca S. Transglutaminases: widespread cross-linking enzymes in plants. Ann Bot 2008; 102:145-52. [PMID: 18492735 PMCID: PMC2712369 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transglutaminases have been studied in plants since 1987 in investigations aimed at interpreting some of the molecular mechanisms by which polyamines affect growth and differentiation. Transglutaminases are a widely distributed enzyme family catalysing a myriad of biological reactions in animals. In plants, the post-translational modification of proteins by polyamines forming inter- or intra-molecular cross-links has been the main transglutaminase reaction studied. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT TRANSGLUTAMINASES The few plant transglutaminases sequenced so far have little sequence homology with the best-known animal enzymes, except for the catalytic triad; however, they share a possible structural homology. Proofs of their catalytic activity are: (a) their ability to produce glutamyl-polyamine derivatives; (b) their recognition by animal transglutaminase antibodies; and (c) biochemical features such as calcium-dependency, etc. However, many of their fundamental biochemical and physiological properties still remain elusive. TRANSGLUTAMINASE ACTIVITY IS UBIQUITOUS It has been detected in algae and in angiosperms in different organs and sub-cellular compartments, chloroplasts being the best-studied organelles. POSSIBLE ROLES Possible roles concern the structural modification of specific protein substrates. In chloroplasts, transglutaminases appear to stabilize the photosynthetic complexes and Rubisco, being regulated by light and other factors, and possibly exerting a positive effect on photosynthesis and photo-protection. In the cytosol, they modify cytoskeletal proteins. Preliminary reports suggest an involvement in the cell wall construction/organization. Other roles appear to be related to fertilization, abiotic and biotic stresses, senescence and programmed cell death, including the hypersensitive reaction. CONCLUSIONS The widespread occurrence of transglutaminases activity in all organs and cell compartments studied suggests a relevance for their still incompletely defined physiological roles. At present, it is not possible to classify this enzyme family in plants owing to the scarcity of information on genes encoding them.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tilney LG, Connelly PS, Vranich KA, Shaw MK, Guild GM. Why are two different cross-linkers necessary for actin bundle formation in vivo and what does each cross-link contribute? J Cell Biol 1998; 143:121-33. [PMID: 9763425 PMCID: PMC2132811 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.143.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/1998] [Revised: 08/28/1998] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing Drosophila bristles two species of cross-linker, the forked proteins and fascin, connect adjacent actin filaments into bundles. Bundles form in three phases: (a) tiny bundles appear; (b) these bundles aggregate into larger bundles; and (c) the filaments become maximally cross-linked by fascin. In mutants that completely lack forked, aggregation of the bundles does not occur so that the mature bundles consist of <50 filaments versus approximately 700 for wild type. If the forked concentration is genetically reduced to half the wild type, aggregation of the tiny bundles occurs but the filaments are poorly ordered albeit with small patches of fascin cross-linked filaments. In mutants containing an excess of forked, all the bundles tend to aggregate and the filaments are maximally crossbridged by fascin. Alternatively, if fascin is absent, phases 1 and 2 occur normally but the resultant bundles are twisted and the filaments within them are poorly ordered. By extracting fully elongated bristles with potassium iodide which removes fascin but leaves forked, the bundles change from being straight to twisted and the filaments within them become poorly ordered. From these observations we conclude that (a) forked is used early in development to aggregate the tiny bundles into larger bundles; and (b) forked facilitates fascin entry into the bundles to maximally cross-link the actin filaments into straight, compact, rigid bundles. Thus, forked aligns the filaments and then directs fascin binding so that inappropriate cross-linking does not occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Tilney
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|