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Wu WK, Stier MT, Stokes JW, Ukita R, Patel YJ, Cortelli M, Landstreet SR, Talackine JR, Cardwell NL, Simonds EM, Mentz M, Lowe C, Benson C, Demarest CT, Alexopoulos SP, Shaver CM, Bacchetta M. Immune characterization of a xenogeneic human lung cross-circulation support system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7647. [PMID: 37000867 PMCID: PMC10065447 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Improved approaches to expanding the pool of donor lungs suitable for transplantation are critically needed for the growing population with end-stage lung disease. Cross-circulation (XC) of whole blood between swine and explanted human lungs has previously been reported to enable the extracorporeal recovery of donor lungs that declined for transplantation due to acute, reversible injuries. However, immunologic interactions of this xenogeneic platform have not been characterized, thus limiting potential translational applications. Using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that porcine immune cell and immunoglobulin infiltration occurs in this xenogeneic XC system, in the context of calcineurin-based immunosuppression and complement depletion. Despite this, xenogeneic XC supported the viability, tissue integrity, and physiologic improvement of human donor lungs over 24 hours of xeno-support. These findings provide targets for future immunomodulatory strategies to minimize immunologic interactions on this organ support biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei K. Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew T. Stier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John W. Stokes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rei Ukita
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yatrik J. Patel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Cortelli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stuart R. Landstreet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Talackine
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy L. Cardwell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Simonds
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meredith Mentz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cindy Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clayne Benson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caitlin T. Demarest
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sophoclis P. Alexopoulos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ciara M. Shaver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.B.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.B.); (C.M.S.)
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Klapholz B, Levy H, Kumbha R, Hosny N, D'Angelo ME, Hering BJ, Burlak C. Highly efficient multiplex genetic engineering of porcine primary fetal fibroblasts. Surg Open Sci 2020; 4:26-31. [PMID: 33937740 PMCID: PMC8074785 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetically engineered porcine donors are a potential solution for the shortage of human organs for transplantation. Incompatibilities between humans and porcine donors are largely due to carbohydrate xenoantigens on the surface of porcine cells, provoking an immune response which leads to xenograft rejection. Materials and Methods Multiplex genetic knockout of GGTA1, β4GalNT2, and CMAH is predicted to increase the rate of xenograft survival, as described previously for GGTA1. In this study, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 system was used to target genes relevant to xenotransplantation, and a method for highly efficient editing of multiple genes in primary porcine fibroblasts was described. Results Editing efficiencies greater than 85% were achieved for knockout of GGTA1, β4GalNT2, and CMAH. Conclusion The high-efficiency protocol presented here reduces scale and cost while accelerating the production of genetically engineered primary porcine fibroblast cells for in vitro studies and the production of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klapholz
- Horizon Discovery, 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Heather Levy
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ramesh Kumbha
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nora Hosny
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Michael E D'Angelo
- Horizon Discovery, 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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3
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Jin C, Cherian RM, Liu J, Playà-Albinyana H, Galli C, Karlsson NG, Breimer ME, Holgersson J. Identification by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting of xenogeneic antigens in the N- and O-glycomes of porcine, bovine and equine heart tissues. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:485-498. [PMID: 32542517 PMCID: PMC7329767 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) are used to replace defective valves in patients with valvular heart disease. Especially young BHV recipients may experience a structural valve deterioration caused by an immune reaction in which α-Gal and Neu5Gc are potential target antigens. The expression of these and other carbohydrate antigens in animal tissues used for production of BHV was explored. Protein lysates of porcine aortic and pulmonary valves, and porcine, bovine and equine pericardia were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-carbohydrate antibodies and lectins. N-glycans were released by PNGase F digestion and O-glycans by β-elimination. Released oligosaccharides were analyzed by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 102 N-glycans and 40 O-glycans were identified in animal heart tissue lysates. The N- and O-glycan patterns were different between species. α-Gal and Neu5Gc were identified on both N- and O-linked glycans, N,N´-diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) on N-glycans only and sulfated O-glycans. The relative amounts of α-Gal-containing N-glycans were higher in bovine compared to equine and porcine pericardia. In contrast to the restricted number of proteins carrying α-Gal and LacdiNAc, the distribution of proteins carrying Neu5Gc-determinants varied between species and between different tissues of the same species. Porcine pericardium carried the highest level of Neu5Gc-sialylated O-glycans, and bovine pericardium the highest level of Neu5Gc-sialylated N-glycans. The identified N- and O-linked glycans, some of which may be immunogenic and remain in BHVs manufactured for clinical use, could direct future genetic engineering to prevent glycan expression rendering the donor tissues less immunogenic in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Reeja Maria Cherian
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jining Liu
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heribert Playà-Albinyana
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy.,Avantea Foundation, Cremona, Italy
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E Breimer
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Zhang X, Li X, Yang Z, Tao K, Wang Q, Dai B, Qu S, Peng W, Zhang H, Cooper DKC, Dou K. A review of pig liver xenotransplantation: Current problems and recent progress. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12497. [PMID: 30767272 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pig liver xenotransplantation appears to be more perplexing when compared to heart or kidney xenotransplantation, even though great progress has been achieved. The relevant molecular mechanisms involved in xenogeneic rejection, including coagulopathy, and particularly thrombocytopenia, are complex, and need to be systematically investigated. The deletion of expression of Gal antigens in the liver graft highlights the injurious impact of nonGal antigens, which continue to induce humoral rejection. Innate immunity, particularly mediated by macrophages and natural killer cells, interplays with inflammation and coagulation disorders. Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) together mediate leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet sequestration and phagocytosis, which can be exacerbated by increased cytokine production, cell desialylation, and interspecies incompatibilities. The coagulation cascade is activated by release of tissue factor which can be dependent or independent of the xenoreactive immune response. Depletion of endothelial anticoagulants and anti-platelet capacity amplify coagulation activation, and interspecies incompatibilities of coagulation-regulatory proteins facilitate dysregulation. LSECs involved in platelet phagocytosis and transcytosis, coupled with hepatocyte-mediated degradation, are responsible for thrombocytopenia. Adaptive immunity could also be problematic in long-term liver graft survival. Currently, relevant evidence and study results of various genetic modifications to the pig donor need to be fully determined, with the aim of identifying the ideal transgene combination for pig liver xenotransplantation. We believe that clinical trials of pig liver xenotransplantation should initially be considered as a bridge to allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quancheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shibin Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Li H, Song X, Yang F, Bao H, Lu X, Perez-Campo FM, Zhao J. Application of oligonucleotides to construct a conditional targeting vector for porcine IκBα. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:653-659. [PMID: 29115518 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional gene targeting at porcine IκBα may be a solution to delayed xenograft rejection, the main barrier to xenotransplantation. An oligonucleotide‑based method was applied to construct the vector for conditional targeting of porcine IκBα. This method was free from PCR amplification during the assembling of the different vector elements, avoiding introduction of unwanted mutations. With the help of short double‑stranded DNA fragments produced by annealing oligonucleotides, nondirectional cloning has also been avoided. By making the best of directional cloning, a highly complex targeting vector was built within 3 weeks. The present study also explained why the two recombination‑based methods (recombineering and gateway recombination), although having demonstrated to be highly efficient in constructing ordinary targeting vectors, were not appropriate in this context. The description in the present study of an additional method to efficiently construct targeting vectors is suggested to introduce more flexibility in the field therefore helping to meet the different needs of the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegang Li
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Song
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Hanxun Bao
- Jiaozhou Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Jiaozhou Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266300, P.R. China
| | - Flor M Perez-Campo
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
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6
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Liu L, Gao H, Hong C, He C, Pan D, Dai Y, Hara H, Cooper DKC, Li Z, Cai Z, Mou L. Klotho attenuated antibody-mediated porcine endothelial cell activation and injury. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28130792 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-term success in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation is currently hampered by acute vascular rejection (AVR), characterized by endothelial cell (EC) activation and injury. Klotho has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory effects on EC and protects EC against reactive oxygen species, rendering klotho a promising molecule to control AVR. In this study, porcine ECs were pre-incubated with klotho and then exposed to xenoreactive antibodies and complement. Real-time PCR revealed that klotho suppressed antibody-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression of VCAM-1 and IL-1α. NF-κB activation, IκBα phosphorylation, was also attenuated by klotho administration. Furthermore, klotho induced in porcine EC resistance against complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Accompanying this change, the binding of IgG and IgM xenoreactive antibodies to porcine EC was decreased and the expression of anti-inflammatory gene HO-1 was upregulated. These findings indicated that klotho protein protected porcine EC from activation and injury caused by binding of xenoreactive antibodies and was a promising candidate molecule in a multitransgenic pig strategy for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chungu Hong
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen He
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resource and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program/Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program/Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Zesong Li
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Timsit MO, Branchereau J, Thuret R, Kleinclauss F. [Renal transplantation in 2046: Future and perspectives]. Prog Urol 2016; 26:1132-1142. [PMID: 27665406 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report major findings that may build the future of kidney transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant publications were identified through Medline (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and Embase (http://www.embase.com) database from 1960 to 2016 using the following keywords, in association, "bio-engineering; heterotransplantation; immunomodulation; kidney; regenerative medicine; xenotransplantation". Articles were selected according to methods, language of publication and relevance. A total of 5621 articles were identified including 2264 for xenotransplantation, 1058 for regenerative medicine and 2299 for immunomodulation; after careful selection, 86 publications were eligible for our review. RESULTS Despite genetic constructs, xenotransplantation faces the inevitable obstacle of species barrier. Uncertainty regarding xenograft acceptance by recipients as well as ethical considerations due to the debatable utilization of animal lives, are major limits for its future. Regenerative medicine and tridimensional bioprinting allow successful implantation of organs. Bioengineering, using decellularized tissue matrices or synthetic scaffold, seeded with pluripotent cells and assembled using bioreactors, provide exciting results but remain far for reconstituting renal complexity and vascular patency. Immune tolerance may be achieved through a tough initial T-cell depletion or a combined haplo-identical bone marrow transplant leading to lymphohematopoietic chimerism. CONCLUSION Current researches aim to increase the pool of organs available for transplantation (xenotransplants and bio-artificial kidneys) and to increase allograft survival through the induction of immune tolerance. Reported results suggest the onset of a thrilling new era for renal transplantation providing end-stage renal disease-patients with an improved survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-O Timsit
- Service d'urologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - J Branchereau
- Service d'urologie et transplantation, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - R Thuret
- Service d'urologie et transplantation rénale, CHU de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - F Kleinclauss
- Service d'urologie et transplantation rénale, CHRU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Inserm UMR 1098, 25000 Besançon, France
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8
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Kim YJ, Ahn KS, Kim M, Kim MJ, Ahn JS, Ryu J, Heo SY, Park SM, Kang JH, Choi YJ, Shim H. Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient miniature pigs produced by serial cloning using neonatal skin fibroblasts with loss of heterozygosity. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:439-445. [PMID: 27165032 PMCID: PMC5337925 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Production of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (αGT)-deficient pigs is essential to overcome xenograft rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. However, the production of such pigs requires a great deal of cost, time, and labor. Heterozygous αGT knockout pigs should be bred at least for two generations to ultimately obtain homozygote progenies. The present study was conducted to produce αGT-deficient miniature pigs in much reduced time using mitotic recombination in neonatal ear skin fibroblasts. Methods Miniature pig fibroblasts were transfected with αGT gene-targeting vector. Resulting gene-targeted fibroblasts were used for nuclear transfer (NT) to produce heterozygous αGT gene-targeted piglets. Fibroblasts isolated from ear skin biopsies of these piglets were cultured for 6 to 8 passages to induce loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and treated with biotin-conjugated IB4 that binds to galactose-α-1,3-galactose, an epitope produced by αGT. Using magnetic activated cell sorting, cells with monoallelic disruption of αGT were removed. Remaining cells with LOH carrying biallelic disruption of αGT were used for the second round NT to produce homozygous αGT gene-targeted piglets. Results Monoallelic mutation of αGT gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in fibroblasts. Using these cells as nuclear donors, three heterozygous αGT gene-targeted piglets were produced by NT. Fibroblasts were collected from ear skin biopsies of these piglets, and homozygosity was induced by LOH. The second round NT using these fibroblasts resulted in production of three homozygous αGT knockout piglets. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the time required for the production of αGT-deficient miniature pigs could be reduced significantly by postnatal skin biopsies and subsequent selection of mitotic recombinants. Such procedure may be beneficial for the production of homozygote knockout animals, especially in species, such as pigs, that require a substantial length of time for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young June Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Institute of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Kwang Sung Ahn
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jin Seop Ahn
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Junghyun Ryu
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Soon Young Heo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - You Jung Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hosup Shim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Dankook University School of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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9
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Argaw T, Colon-Moran W, Wilson C. Susceptibility of porcine endogenous retrovirus to anti-retroviral inhibitors. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:151-8. [PMID: 27028725 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is an endogenous retrovirus that poses a risk of iatrogenic transmission in the context of pig-to-human xenotransplantation. The lack of a means to control PERV infection in the context of pig-to-human xenotransplantation is a major concern in the field. In this study, we set out to evaluate the ability of currently licensed anti-HIV drugs, and other types of anti-retroviral compounds, to inhibit PERV infection in vitro. METHODS We used target cells stably expressing one of the known PERV viral receptors, an infectious molecular clone, PERV-A 14/220, and at least one drug from each class of anti-retroviral inhibitors as well as off-label drugs shown to have anti-viral activities. The susceptibility of PERV-A 14/220 LacZ to the anti-retroviral drugs was determined from infected cells by histochemical staining. RESULTS We extend the results of previous studies by showing that, in addition to raltegravir, dolutegravir is found to have a potent inhibitory activity against PERV replication (IC50 8.634 ±0.336 and IC50 3.06 ± 0.844 nM, respectively). The anti-HIV drug zidovudine (AZT) showed considerable anti-PERV activity with IC50 of 1.923 ±0.691 μM as well. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that some of the licensed anti-retroviral drugs may be useful for controlling PERV infection. However, the efficacy at nanomolar concentrations put forward integrase inhibitors as a drug that has the potential to be useful in the event that xenotransplantation recipients have evidence of PERV transmission and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takele Argaw
- Gene Transfer and Immunogenicity Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Winston Colon-Moran
- Gene Transfer and Immunogenicity Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn Wilson
- Gene Transfer and Immunogenicity Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Kang JT, Kwon DK, Park AR, Lee EJ, Yun YJ, Ji DY, Lee K, Park KW. Production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase targeted pigs using transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated genome editing technology. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:89-96. [PMID: 27051344 PMCID: PMC4808648 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in genome editing technology using meganucleases demonstrate an efficient method of producing gene edited pigs. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) system in generating specific mutations on the pig genome. Specific TALEN was designed to induce a double-strand break on exon 9 of the porcine α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene as it is the main cause of hyperacute rejection after xenotransplantation. Human decay-accelerating factor (hDAF) gene, which can produce a complement inhibitor to protect cells from complement attack after xenotransplantation, was also integrated into the genome simultaneously. Plasmids coding for the TALEN pair and hDAF gene were transfected into porcine cells by electroporation to disrupt the porcine GGTA1 gene and express hDAF. The transfected cells were then sorted using a biotin-labeled IB4 lectin attached to magnetic beads to obtain GGTA1 deficient cells. As a result, we established GGTA1 knockout (KO) cell lines with biallelic modification (35.0%) and GGTA1 KO cell lines expressing hDAF (13.0%). When these cells were used for somatic cell nuclear transfer, we successfully obtained live GGTA1 KO pigs expressing hDAF. Our results demonstrate that TALEN-mediated genome editing is efficient and can be successfully used to generate gene edited pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Taek Kang
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Dae-Kee Kwon
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - A-Rum Park
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Yun
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Dal-Young Ji
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kwang-Wook Park
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea.; Department of Animal Science & Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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11
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Porcine models of digestive disease: the future of large animal translational research. Transl Res 2015; 166:12-27. [PMID: 25655839 PMCID: PMC4458388 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in nonrodent translational models for the study of human disease. The pig, in particular, serves as a useful animal model for the study of pathophysiological conditions relevant to the human intestine. This review assesses currently used porcine models of gastrointestinal physiology and disease and provides a rationale for the use of these models for future translational studies. The pig has proven its utility for the study of fundamental disease conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, stress-induced intestinal dysfunction, and short bowel syndrome. Pigs have also shown great promise for the study of intestinal barrier function, surgical tissue manipulation and intervention, as well as biomaterial implantation and tissue transplantation. Advantages of pig models highlighted by these studies include the physiological similarity to human intestine and mechanisms of human disease. Emerging future directions for porcine models of human disease include the fields of transgenics and stem cell biology, with exciting implications for regenerative medicine.
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12
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Le BBS, Tillou X, Branchereau J, Dilek N, Poirier N, Châtelais M, Charreau B, Minault D, Hervouet J, Renaudin K, Crossan C, Scobie L, Takeuchi Y, Diswall M, Breimer M, Klar N, Daha M, Simioni P, Robson S, Nottle M, Salvaris E, Cowan P, d’Apice A, Sachs D, Yamada K, Lagutina I, Duchi R, Perota A, Lazzari G, Galli C, Cozzi E, Soulillou JP, B. V, Blancho G. Bortezomib, C1-inhibitor and plasma exchange do not prolong the survival of multi-transgenic GalT-KO pig kidney xenografts in baboons. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:358-70. [PMID: 25612490 PMCID: PMC4306235 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Galactosyl-transferase KO (GalT-KO) pigs represent a potential solution to xenograft rejection, particularly in the context of additional genetic modifications. We have performed life supporting kidney xenotransplantation into baboons utilizing GalT-KO pigs transgenic for human CD55/CD59/CD39/HT. Baboons received tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, corticosteroids and recombinant human C1 inhibitor combined with cyclophosphamide or bortezomib with or without 2-3 plasma exchanges. One baboon received a control GalT-KO xenograft with the latter immunosuppression. All immunosuppressed baboons rejected the xenografts between days 9 and 15 with signs of acute humoral rejection, in contrast to untreated controls (n = 2) that lost their grafts on days 3 and 4. Immunofluorescence analyses showed deposition of IgM, C3, C5b-9 in rejected grafts, without C4d staining, indicating classical complement pathway blockade but alternate pathway activation. Moreover, rejected organs exhibited predominantly monocyte/macrophage infiltration with minimal lymphocyte representation. None of the recipients showed any signs of porcine endogenous retrovirus transmission but some showed evidence of porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) replication within the xenografts. Our work indicates that the addition of bortezomib and plasma exchange to the immunosuppressive regimen did not significantly prolong the survival of multi-transgenic GalT-KO renal xenografts. Non-Gal antibodies, the alternative complement pathway, innate mechanisms with monocyte activation and PCMV replication may have contributed to rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas-Bernardet S. Le
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - X. Tillou
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J. Branchereau
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - N. Dilek
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,Effimune, Nantes, France
| | - N. Poirier
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,Effimune, Nantes, France
| | - M. Châtelais
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - B. Charreau
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - D. Minault
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J. Hervouet
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - K. Renaudin
- Pathology Laboratory, CHU- Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - C. Crossan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - L. Scobie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Takeuchi
- University College London, London, United Kingdom,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - M. Diswall
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M.E. Breimer
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N. Klar
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - M.R. Daha
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy
| | - P. Simioni
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - S.C. Robson
- Gastroenterology and Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M.B. Nottle
- Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - E.J. Salvaris
- Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P.J. Cowan
- Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A.J.F. d’Apice
- Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D.H. Sachs
- Transplantation Biology Research Center (TBRC), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K. Yamada
- Transplantation Biology Research Center (TBRC), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I. Lagutina
- Avantea, Cremona, Italy,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - R. Duchi
- Avantea, Cremona, Italy,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - A. Perota
- Avantea, Cremona, Italy,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - G. Lazzari
- Avantea, Cremona, Italy,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - C. Galli
- Avantea, Cremona, Italy,Dept. of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - E. Cozzi
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua General Hospital, Padua, Italy and Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation (CORIT), Padua, Italy,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - J.-P. Soulillou
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
| | - Vanhove B.
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,Effimune, Nantes, France
| | - G. Blancho
- Institut de Transplantation- Urologie- Néphrologie (ITUN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1064, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,European Xenotransplantation Network Xenome (LSHB- CT- 2006- 037377)
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13
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Kim JW, Kim HM, Lee SM, Kang MJ. Porcine Knock-in Fibroblasts Expressing hDAF on α-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) Gene Locus. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1473-80. [PMID: 25049505 PMCID: PMC4093019 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Galactose-α1,3-galactose (α1,3Gal) epitope is responsible for hyperacute rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Human decay-accelerating factor (hDAF) is a cell surface regulatory protein that serves as a complement inhibitor to protect self cells from complement attack. The generation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) knock-out pigs expressing DAF is a necessary step for their use as organ donors for humans. In this study, we established GGTA1 knock-out cell lines expressing DAF from pig ear fibroblasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer. hDAF expression was detected in hDAF knock-in heterozygous cells, but not in normal pig cells. Expression of the GGTA1 gene was lower in the knock-in heterozygous cell line compared to the normal pig cell. Knock-in heterozygous cells afforded more effective protection against cytotoxicity with human serum than with GGTA1 knock-out heterozygous and control cells. These cell lines may be used in the production of GGTA1 knock-out and DAF expression pigs for xenotransplantation.
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14
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Ménoret S, Tesson L, Remy S, Usal C, Iscache AL, Thynard R, Nguyen TH, Anegon I. Transgenesis and genome analysis, Nantes, France, June 6th 2011. Transgenic Res 2011. [PMCID: PMC7101805 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ménoret
- Platform Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Platform Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR 643, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- Platform Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR 643, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Usal
- Platform Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR 643, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Anne-Laure Iscache
- Platform Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR 643, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Reynald Thynard
- Platform Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMR 643, 44093 Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- Platform Transgenic Rats Nantes IBiSA, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, Nantes, France
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15
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Contribution of large pig for renal ischemia-reperfusion and transplantation studies: the preclinical model. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:532127. [PMID: 21403881 PMCID: PMC3051176 DOI: 10.1155/2011/532127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal experimentation is necessary to characterize human diseases and design adequate therapeutic interventions. In renal transplantation research, the limited number of in vitro models involves a crucial role for in vivo models and particularly for the porcine model. Pig and human kidneys are anatomically similar (characterized by multilobular structure in contrast to rodent and dog kidneys unilobular). The human proximity of porcine physiology and immune systems provides a basic knowledge of graft recovery and inflammatory physiopathology through in vivo studies. In addition, pig large body size allows surgical procedures similar to humans, repeated collections of peripheral blood or renal biopsies making pigs ideal for medical training and for the assessment of preclinical technologies. However, its size is also its main drawback implying expensive housing. Nevertheless, pig models are relevant alternatives to primate models, offering promising perspectives with developments of transgenic modulation and marginal donor models facilitating data extrapolation to human conditions.
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16
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Arcidiacono JA, Evdokimov E, Lee MH, Jones J, Rudenko L, Schneider B, Snoy PJ, Wei CH, Wensky AK, Wonnacott K. Regulation of xenogeneic porcine pancreatic islets. Xenotransplantation 2011; 17:329-37. [PMID: 20955290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of xenogeneic porcine pancreatic islets has been shown to be a potentially promising alternative to using human allogeneic islets to treat insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes (T1D). This article provides an overview of the existing FDA regulatory framework that would be applied to the regulation of clinical trials utilizing xenogeneic porcine pancreatic islets to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Arcidiacono
- FDA, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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17
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Toubert A. Grand challenges in alloimmunity and transplantation. Front Immunol 2011; 2:38. [PMID: 22566828 PMCID: PMC3342515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Toubert
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, INSERM UMR940, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, Laboratoire Jean Dausset, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Paris, France.
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18
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Resurrection of an alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-targeted miniature pig by recloning using postmortem ear skin fibroblasts. Theriogenology 2010; 75:933-9. [PMID: 21196043 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Animals with a targeted disruption of genes can be produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, difficulties in clonal selection of somatic cells with a targeted mutation often result in heterogeneous nuclear donor cells, including gene-targeted and non-targeted cells, and impose a risk of producing undesired wildtype cloned animals after SCNT. In addition, the efficiency of cloning by SCNT has remained extremely low. Most cloned embryos die in utero, and the few that develop to term show a high incidence of postnatal death and abnormalities. In the present study, resurrection of an alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (αGT) gene-targeted miniature pig by recloning using postmortem ear skin fibroblasts was attempted. Three cloned piglets were produced from the first round of SCNT, including one stillborn and two who died immediately after birth due to respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac dysfunction. Among the three piglets, two were confirmed to be αGT gene-targeted. Fibroblasts derived from postmortem ear skin biopsies were used as nuclear donor cells for the second round of SCNT, and a piglet was produced. As expected, PCR and Southern analyses confirmed that the piglet produced from recloning was αGT gene-targeted. Currently, the piglet is fourteen months of age, and no overt health problems have been observed. Results from the present study demonstrate that loss of an invaluable animal, such as a gene-targeted miniature pig, may be rescued by recloning, with assurance of the desired genetic modification.
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19
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Ahn KS, Won JY, Park JK, Sorrell AM, Heo SY, Kang JH, Woo JS, Choi BH, Chang WK, Shim H. Production of human CD59-transgenic pigs by embryonic germ cell nuclear transfer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:667-72. [PMID: 20816662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to produce transgenic pigs expressing the human complement regulatory protein CD59 (hCD59) using the nuclear transfer (NT) of embryonic germ (EG) cells, which are undifferentiated stem cells derived from primordial germ cells. Because EG cells can be cultured indefinitely in an undifferentiated state, they may provide an inexhaustible source of nuclear donor cells for NT to produce transgenic pigs. A total of 1980 NT embryos derived from hCD59-transgenic EG cells were transferred to ten recipients, resulting in the birth of fifteen piglets from three pregnancies. Among these offspring, ten were alive without overt health problems. Based on PCR analysis, all fifteen piglets were confirmed as hCD59 transgenic. The expression of the hCD59 transgene in the ten living piglets was verified by RT-PCR. Western analysis showed the expression of the hCD59 protein in four of the ten RT-PCR-positive piglets. These results demonstrate that hCD59-transgenic pigs could effectively be produced by EG cell NT and that such transgenic pigs may be used as organ donors in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sung Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Dankook University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Klymiuk N, Aigner B, Brem G, Wolf E. Genetic modification of pigs as organ donors for xenotransplantation. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 77:209-21. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Matsunari H, Nagashima H. Application of genetically modified and cloned pigs in translational research. J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:225-30. [PMID: 19571468 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are increasingly being recognized as good large-animal models for translational research, linking basic science to clinical applications in order to establish novel therapeutics. This article reviews the current status and future prospects of genetically modified and cloned pigs in translational studies. It also highlights pigs specially designed as disease models, for xenotransplantation or to carry cell marker genes. Finally, use of porcine somatic stem and progenitor cells in preclinical studies of cell transplantation therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsunari
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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22
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Fondevila C, Jiménez-Galanes S, García-Valdecasas JC. [How can the number of liver transplantations be increased?]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2009; 32:519-30. [PMID: 19608299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients suitable for liver transplantation is progressively increasing due to the excellent results achieved with this procedure, giving rise to a growing imbalance in the number of candidates on the waiting list and the number of donors. This situation has prompted transplant teams to search for alternatives to increase the number of liver grafts. On the one hand, the criteria for donation have been broadened to include donors with advanced age, liver steatosis, hepatitis B and C viruses, neoplasms, and benign underlying diseases. On the other hand, new transplant techniques have been used with grafts from split livers, living donors, sequential or domino transplants and non-heart-beating donors. Other options such as xenotransplantation and hepatocyte transplants currently lack clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Fondevila
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepática y Trasplante, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, IMDM, CIBEREHD, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
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23
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Vassalli G, Roehrich ME, Vogt P, Pedrazzini GB, Siclari F, Moccetti T, von Segesser LK. Modalities and future prospects of gene therapy in heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 35:1036-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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24
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25
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Londrigan SL, Brady JL, Sutherland RM, Cowan PJ, d’Apice AJF, Hawthorne WJ, O’Connell PJ, Lew AM. Optimizing transduction of pig islet cell clusters for xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2009; 16:45-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2009.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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