1
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Xie Y, Butler M. N-glycomic profiling of capsid proteins from Adeno-Associated Virus serotypes. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad074. [PMID: 37774344 PMCID: PMC10950483 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector has become the leading platform for gene delivery. Each serotype exhibits a different tissue tropism, immunogenicity, and in vivo transduction performance. Therefore, selecting the most suitable AAV serotype is critical for efficient gene delivery to target cells or tissues. Genome divergence among different serotypes is due mainly to the hypervariable regions of the AAV capsid proteins. However, the heterogeneity of capsid glycosylation is largely unexplored. In the present study, the N-glycosylation profiles of capsid proteins of AAV serotypes 1 to 9 have been systemically characterized and compared using a previously developed high-throughput and high-sensitivity N-glycan profiling platform. The results showed that all 9 investigated AAV serotypes were glycosylated, with comparable profiles. The most conspicuous feature was the high abundance mannosylated N-glycans, including FM3, M5, M6, M7, M8, and M9, that dominated the chromatograms within a range of 74 to 83%. Another feature was the relatively lower abundance of fucosylated and sialylated N-glycan structures, in the range of 23%-40% and 10%-17%, respectively. However, the exact N-glycan composition differed. These differences may be utilized to identify potential structural relationships between the 9 AAV serotypes. The current research lays the foundation for gaining better understanding of the importance of N-glycans on the AAV capsid surface that may play a significant role in tissue tropism, interaction with cell surface receptors, cellular uptake, and intracellular processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Xie
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Michael Butler
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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2
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Xie Y, Butler M. Multi-attribute analysis of adeno-associated virus by size exclusion chromatography with fluorescence and triple-wavelength UV detection. Anal Biochem 2023; 680:115311. [PMID: 37666384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the leading platform for in vivo gene therapy to treat numerous genetic diseases. Comprehensive analysis of the AAV particles is essential to ensure desired safety and efficacy. An array of techniques is required to evaluate their critical quality attributes. However, many of these techniques are expensive, time-consuming, labour-intensive, and varying in accuracy. Size exclusion chromatography coupled with fluorescence and triple-wavelength ultraviolet detection (SEC-FLD-TWUV) and incorporating an aromatic amino acid of tryptophan as an internal standard offers a simple, rapid, and reliable approach for simultaneous multi-attribute analysis of AAVs. In the current study, we demonstrate its capability for AAV characterization and quantification, that includes capsid concentration, empty to full capsid ratio, vector genome concentration, and the presence of aggregates or fragments. All were performed in 20-min chromatographic runs with minimal sample handling. Data analysis involves the assessment of intrinsic fluorescence and UV absorbance of samples at three wavelengths that can be utilised to determine the content of the capsid protein and genome copy number. The separation efficiency using SEC columns with different pore sizes, and elution buffers of varying compositions, ionic strength, and pH values was also evaluated. This SEC-FLD-TWUV method may serve as a powerful yet cost-effective tool for responsive quality evaluation of AAVs. This may enhance performance, robustness, and safety of bioprocessing for AAV vectors to be used in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Xie
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Michael Butler
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
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3
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Vervoorn MT, Amelink JJGJ, Ballan EM, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, Mishra M, Boink GJJ, Bowles DE, van der Kaaij NP. Gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion: a new frontier in cardiac regenerative medicine? Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264449. [PMID: 37908499 PMCID: PMC10614057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ organ preservation by machine perfusion can improve preservation of organs for transplantation. Furthermore, machine perfusion opens up the possibilities for selective immunomodulation, creation of tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury and/or correction of a pathogenic genetic defect. The application of gene modifying therapies to treat heart diseases caused by pathogenic mutations during ex situ heart perfusion seems promising, especially given the limitations related to delivery of vectors that were encountered during clinical trials using in vivo cardiac gene therapy. By isolating the heart in a metabolically and immunologically favorable environment and preventing off-target effects and dilution, it is possible to directly control factors that enhance the success rate of cardiac gene therapy. A literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify all relevant studies regarding gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion, aiming to highlight important lessons learned and discuss future clinical prospects of this promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats T. Vervoorn
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantijn J. G. J. Amelink
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa M. Ballan
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. J. Boink
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Divison of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Moço PD, Xu X, Silva CAT, Kamen AA. Production of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 6 by triple transfection of suspension HEK293 cells at higher cell densities. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300051. [PMID: 37337925 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as vectors for gene and cell therapy has increased, leading to a rise in the amount of AAV vectors required during pre-clinical and clinical trials. AAV serotype 6 (AAV6) has been found to be efficient in transducing different cell types and has been successfully used in gene and cell therapy protocols. However, the number of vectors required to effectively deliver the transgene to one single cell has been estimated at 106 viral genomes (VG), making large-scale production of AAV6 necessary. Suspension cell-based platforms are currently limited to low cell density productions due to the widely reported cell density effect (CDE), which results in diminished production at high cell densities and decreased cell-specific productivity. This limitation hinders the potential of the suspension cell-based production process to increase yields. In this study, we investigated the improvement of the production of AAV6 at higher cell densities by transiently transfecting HEK293SF cells. The results showed that when the plasmid DNA was provided on a cell basis, the production could be carried out at medium cell density (MCD, 4 × 106 cells mL-1 ) resulting in titers above 1010 VG mL-1 . No detrimental effects on cell-specific virus yield or cell-specific functional titer were observed at MCD production. Furthermore, while medium supplementation alleviated the CDE in terms of VG/cell at high cell density (HCD, 10 × 106 cells mL-1 ) productions, the cell-specific functional titer was not maintained, and further studies are necessary to understand the observed limitations for AAV production in HCD processes. The MCD production method reported here lays the foundation for large-scale process operations, potentially solving the current vector shortage in AAV manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Moço
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xingge Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cristina A T Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amine A Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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5
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Ravichandran AJ, Romeo FJ, Mazurek R, Ishikawa K. Barriers in Heart Failure Gene Therapy and Approaches to Overcome Them. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:780-789. [PMID: 37045653 PMCID: PMC10440286 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
With the growing prevalence and incidence of heart failure worldwide, investigation and development of new therapies to address disease burden are of great urgency. Gene therapy is one promising approach for the management of heart failure, but several barriers currently exclude safe and efficient gene delivery to the human heart. These barriers include the anatomical and biological difficulty of specifically targeting cardiomyocytes, the vascular endothelium, and immunogenicity against administered vectors and the transgene. We review approaches taken to overcome these barriers with a focus on vector modification, evasion of immune responses, and heart-targeted delivery techniques. While various modifications proposed to date show promise in managing some barriers, continued investigation into improvements to existing therapies is required to address transduction efficiency, duration of transgene expression, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali J Ravichandran
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco J Romeo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. https://twitter.com/FJRomeoMD
| | - Renata Mazurek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Issa SS, Shaimardanova AA, Solovyeva VV, Rizvanov AA. Various AAV Serotypes and Their Applications in Gene Therapy: An Overview. Cells 2023; 12:785. [PMID: 36899921 PMCID: PMC10000783 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific discoveries in the field of gene and cell therapy, some diseases still have no effective treatment. Advances in genetic engineering methods have enabled the development of effective gene therapy methods for various diseases based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). Today, many AAV-based gene therapy medications are being investigated in preclinical and clinical trials, and new ones are appearing on the market. In this article, we present a review of AAV discovery, properties, different serotypes, and tropism, and a following detailed explanation of their uses in gene therapy for disease of different organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza S. Issa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alisa A. Shaimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Vekstein AM, Wendell DC, DeLuca S, Yan R, Chen Y, Bishawi M, Devlin GW, Asokan A, Poss KD, Bowles DE, Williams AR, Bursac N. Targeted Delivery for Cardiac Regeneration: Comparison of Intra-coronary Infusion and Intra-myocardial Injection in Porcine Hearts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:833335. [PMID: 35224061 PMCID: PMC8866722 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.833335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal delivery route to enhance effectiveness of regenerative therapeutics to the human heart is poorly understood. Direct intra-myocardial (IM) injection is the gold standard, however, it is relatively invasive. We thus compared targeted IM against less invasive, catheter-based intra-coronary (IC) delivery to porcine myocardium for the acute retention of nanoparticles using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and viral vector transduction using qPCR. METHODS Ferumoxytol iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (5 ml) were administered to Yorkshire swine (n = 13) by: (1) IM via thoracotomy, (2) catheter-based IC balloon-occlusion (BO) with infusion into the distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, (3) IC perforated side-wall (SW) infusion into the LAD, or (4) non-selective IC via left main (LM) coronary artery infusion. Hearts were harvested and imaged using at 3T whole-body MRI scanner. In separate Yorkshire swine (n = 13), an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector was similarly delivered, tissue harvested 4-6 weeks later, and viral DNA quantified from predefined areas at risk (apical LV/RV) vs. not at risk in a potential mid-LAD infarct model. Results were analyzed using pairwise Student's t-test. RESULTS IM delivery yielded the highest IO retention (16.0 ± 4.6% of left ventricular volume). Of the IC approaches, BO showed the highest IO retention (8.7 ± 2.2% vs. SW = 5.5 ± 4.9% and LM = 0%) and yielded consistent uptake in the porcine distal LAD territory, including the apical septum, LV, and RV. IM delivery was limited to the apex and anterior wall, without septal retention. For the AAV delivery, the BO was most efficient in the at risk territory (Risk: BO = 6.0 × 10-9, IM = 1.4 × 10-9, LM = 3.2 × 10-10 viral copies per μg genomic DNA) while all delivery routes were comparable in the non-risk territory (BO = 1.7 × 10-9, IM = 8.9 × 10-10, LM = 1.2 × 10-9). CONCLUSIONS Direct IM injection has the highest local retention, while IC delivery with balloon occlusion and distal infusion is the most effective IC delivery technique to target therapeutics to a heart territory most in risk from an infarct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Vekstein
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David C. Wendell
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruorong Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Muath Bishawi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Garth W. Devlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Adam R. Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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8
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Manini A, Abati E, Nuredini A, Corti S, Comi GP. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-Mediated Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: The Issue of Transgene Persistence. Front Neurol 2022; 12:814174. [PMID: 35095747 PMCID: PMC8797140 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.814174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive, infancy-onset neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, leading to delay of motor milestones, loss of autonomous ambulation, respiratory failure, cardiomyopathy, and premature death. DMD originates from mutations in the DMD gene that result in a complete absence of dystrophin. Dystrophin is a cytoskeletal protein which belongs to the dystrophin-associated protein complex, involved in cellular signaling and myofiber membrane stabilization. To date, the few available therapeutic options are aimed at lessening disease progression, but persistent loss of muscle tissue and function and premature death are unavoidable. In this scenario, one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for DMD is represented by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy. DMD gene therapy relies on the administration of exogenous micro-dystrophin, a miniature version of the dystrophin gene lacking unnecessary domains and encoding a truncated, but functional, dystrophin protein. Limited transgene persistence represents one of the most significant issues that jeopardize the translatability of DMD gene replacement strategies from the bench to the bedside. Here, we critically review preclinical and clinical studies of AAV-mediated gene therapy in DMD, focusing on long-term transgene persistence in transduced tissues, which can deeply affect effectiveness and sustainability of gene replacement in DMD. We also discuss the role played by the overactivation of the immune host system in limiting long-term expression of genetic material. In this perspective, further studies aimed at better elucidating the need for immune suppression in AAV-treated subjects are warranted in order to allow for life-long therapy in DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Manini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andi Nuredini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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9
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Updates on Cardiac Gene Therapy Research and Methods: Overview of Cardiac Gene Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2573:3-10. [PMID: 36040582 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2707-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has made a significant progress in clinical translation over the past few years with several gene therapy products currently approved or anticipating approval for clinical use. Cardiac gene therapy lags behind that of other areas of diseases, with no application of cardiac gene therapy yet approved for clinical use. However, several clinical trials for gene therapy targeting the heart are underway, and innovative research studies are being conducted to close the gap. The second edition of Cardiac Gene Therapy in Methods in Molecular Biology provides protocols for cutting-edge methodologies used in these studies. In this chapter, we discuss recent updates on cardiac gene therapy studies and provide an overview of the chapters in the book.
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10
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Farraha M, Barry MA, Lu J, Pouliopoulos J, Le TYL, Igoor S, Rao R, Kok C, Chong J, Kizana E. Analysis of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector shedding in sheep following intracoronary delivery. Gene Ther 2019; 26:399-406. [PMID: 31467408 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Differences between mouse and human hearts pose a significant limitation to the value of small animal models when predicting vector behavior following recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector-mediated cardiac gene therapy. Hence, sheep have been adopted as a preclinical animal, as they better model the anatomy and cardiac physiological processes of humans. There is, however, no comprehensive data on the shedding profile of rAAV in sheep following intracoronary delivery, so as to understand biosafety risks in future preclinical and clinical applications. In this study, sheep received intracoronary delivery of rAAV serotypes 2/6 (2 × 1012 vg), 2/8, and 2/9 (1 × 1013 vg) at doses previously administered in preclinical and clinical trials. This was followed by assessment over 96 h to examine vector shedding in urine, feces, nasal mucus, and saliva samples. Vector genomes were detected via real-time quantitative PCR in urine and feces up to 48 and 72 h post vector delivery, respectively. Of these results, functional vector particles were only detected via a highly sensitive infectious replication assay in feces samples up to 48 h following vector delivery. We conclude that rAAV-mediated gene transfer into sheep hearts results in low-grade shedding of non-functional vector particles for all excreta samples, except in the case of feces, where functional vector particles are present up to 48 h following vector delivery. These results may be used to inform containment and decontamination guidelines for large animal dealings, and to understand the biosafety risks associated with future preclinical and clinical uses of rAAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melad Farraha
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Center for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juntang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Pouliopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thi Y L Le
- Center for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sindhu Igoor
- Center for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renuka Rao
- Center for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy Kok
- Center for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Chong
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Center for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eddy Kizana
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Center for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Belbellaa B, Reutenauer L, Monassier L, Puccio H. Correction of half the cardiomyocytes fully rescue Friedreich ataxia mitochondrial cardiomyopathy through cell-autonomous mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1274-1285. [PMID: 30544254 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is currently an incurable inherited mitochondrial neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced levels of frataxin. Cardiac failure constitutes the main cause of premature death in FA. While adeno-associated virus-mediated cardiac gene therapy was shown to fully reverse the cardiac and mitochondrial phenotype in mouse models, this was achieved at high dose of vector resulting in the transduction of almost all cardiomyocytes, a dose and biodistribution that is unlikely to be replicated in clinic. The purpose of this study was to define the minimum vector biodistribution corresponding to the therapeutic threshold, at different stages of the disease progression. Correlative analysis of vector cardiac biodistribution, survival, cardiac function and biochemical hallmarks of the disease revealed that full rescue of the cardiac function was achieved when only half of the cardiomyocytes were transduced. In addition, meaningful therapeutic effect was achieved with as little as 30% transduction coverage. This therapeutic effect was mediated through cell-autonomous mechanisms for mitochondria homeostasis, although a significant increase in survival of uncorrected neighboring cells was observed. Overall, this study identifies the biodistribution thresholds and the underlying mechanisms conditioning the success of cardiac gene therapy in Friedreich ataxia and provides guidelines for the development of the clinical administration paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Belbellaa
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurence Reutenauer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Flotte TR, Daniels E, Benson J, Bevett-Rose JM, Cornetta K, Diggins M, Johnston J, Sepelak S, van der Loo JCM, Wilson JM, McDonald CL. The Gene Therapy Resource Program: A Decade of Dedication to Translational Research by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2017; 28:178-186. [PMID: 29130351 PMCID: PMC5733658 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a 10-year period, the Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute has provided a set of core services to investigators to facilitate the clinical translation of gene therapy. These services have included a preclinical (research-grade) vector production core; current Good Manufacturing Practice clinical-grade vector cores for recombinant adeno-associated virus and lentivirus vectors; a pharmacology and toxicology core; and a coordinating center to manage program logistics and to provide regulatory and financial support to early-phase clinical trials. In addition, the GTRP has utilized a Steering Committee and a Scientific Review Board to guide overall progress and effectiveness and to evaluate individual proposals. These resources have been deployed to assist 82 investigators with 172 approved service proposals. These efforts have assisted in clinical trial implementation across a wide range of genetic, cardiac, pulmonary, and blood diseases. Program outcomes and potential future directions of the program are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence R. Flotte
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Daniels
- Social and Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Janet Benson
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Kenneth Cornetta
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Julie Johnston
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Sepelak
- Social and Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Johannes C. M. van der Loo
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Jin X, Liu L, Nass S, O'Riordan C, Pastor E, Zhang XK. Direct Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Complete Characterization of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jin
- Biopharmaceutics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Lin Liu
- Biopharmaceutics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley Nass
- Gene Therapy Research, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Eric Pastor
- Biopharmaceutics Development, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - X. Kate Zhang
- Translational Science, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Weber T, Hajjar RJ, Bridges CR. Use of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector for Cardiac Gene Delivery in Large-Animal Surgical Models of Heart Failure. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2017; 28:157-164. [PMID: 28726495 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2017.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of gene therapy-based approaches to treat heart disease represents a need for clinically relevant animal models with characteristics equivalent to human pathologies. Rodent models of cardiac disease do not precisely reproduce heart failure phenotype and molecular defects. This has motivated researchers to use large animals whose heart size and physiological processes more similar and comparable to those of humans. Today, adeno-associated viruses (AAV)-based vectors are undoubtedly among the most promising DNA delivery vehicles. Here, AAV biology and technology are reviewed and discussed in the context of their use and efficacy for cardiac gene delivery in large-animal models of heart failure, using different surgical approaches. The remaining challenges and opportunities for the use of AAV-based vector delivery for gene therapy applications in the clinic are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Center , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Center , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Cardiovascular Research Center , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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15
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Status of Therapeutic Gene Transfer to Treat Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2017. [PMID: 28647114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a procedure resulting in the transfer of a gene into an individual's cells to treat a disease. One goal of gene transfer is to express a functional gene when the endogenous gene is inactive. However, because heart failure is a complex disease characterized by multiple abnormalities at the cellular level, an alternate gene delivery approach is to alter myocardial protein levels to improve function. This article discusses background information on gene delivery, including packaging, administration, and a brief discussion of some of the candidate transgenes likely to alter the progression of naturally occurring heart disease in dogs and cats.
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16
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Cao W, Chang YF, Zhao AC, Chen BD, Liu F, Ma YT, Ma X. Synergistic cardioprotective effects of rAAV9-CyclinA2 combined with fibrin glue in rats after myocardial infarction. J Mol Histol 2017. [PMID: 28643114 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of rAAV9-CyclinA2 combined with fibrin glue (FG) in vivo in rats after myocardial infarction (MI). Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 6 groups (15 in each group): sham, MI, rAAV9-green fluorescent protein (GFP) + MI, rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI, FG + MI, and rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI. Packed virus (5 × 1011vg/ml) in 150 µl of normal saline or FG was injected into the infarcted myocardium at five locations in rAAV9-GFP + MI, rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI, and rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI groups. The sham, MI, and FG + MI groups were injected with an equal volume of normal saline or FG at the same sites. Five weeks after injection, echocardiography was performed to evaluate the left ventricular function. The expressions of CyclinA2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and phospho-histone-H3 (H3P), vascular density, and infarct area were assessed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Masson staining. As a result, the combination of rAAV9-CyclinA2 and FG increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with FG or rAAV9-CyclinA2 alone. The expression level of CyclinA2 was significantly higher in the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI group compared with the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI and FG + MI groups (70.1 ± 1.86% vs. 14.74 ± 2.02%, P < 0.01; or vs. 50.13 ± 3.80%; P < 0.01). A higher expression level of PCNA and H3P was found in the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI group compared with other groups. Comparing with other experiment groups, collagen deposition and the infarct size significantly decreased in rAAV9-CyclinA2 + Fibrin + MI group. The vascular density was much higher in the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI group compared with the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI group. We concluded that fibrin glue combined with rAAV9-CyclinA2 was found to be effective in cardiac remodeling and improving myocardial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Ya-Fei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Ai-Chao Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Dezhou, 1751 Xihu Road, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Hajjar RJ, Bridges CR. In Situ Heart Isolation Featuring Closed Loop Recirculation: The Gold Standard for Optimum Cardiac Gene Transfer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5. [PMID: 29682631 PMCID: PMC5905412 DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The concept of delivering nucleic material encoding a therapeutic gene to the heart has arduously moved from hypothesis to a variety of high potential clinical applications. Despite the promise however, the results achieved have yet to be realized due to several problems that persist in the clinic. One of these identified problems is the need for an efficient delivery method which facilitates complete cardiotropism and minimizes collateral effects. Additional parameters impacting gene delivery that most need to be improved have been identified as follows: (1) Increasing the contact time of vector in coronary circulation permitting transfer, (2) Sustained intravascular flow rate and perfusion pressure to facilitate proper kinetics, (3) Modulation of cellular permeability to increase uptake efficiency, and once in the cells (4) Enhancing transcription and translation within the transfected cardiac cells, and (5) Obtaining the global gene distribution for maximum efficacy. Recently it was hypothesized that use of cardiopulmonary bypass may facilitate cardiac-selective gene transfer and permit vector delivery in the arrested heart in isolated "closed loop" recirculating model. This system was named molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery (MCARD). The key components of this approach include: isolation of the heart from systemic organs, multiple pass recirculation of vector through the coronary vasculature, and removing the residual vector from the coronary circulation to minimize collateral expression. These attributes unique to a surgical approach such as MCARD can effectively increase vector transduction efficiency in coronary vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gene therapy as a treatment for neuromuscular disease has significantly advanced over the past decade. In the present review, the progress of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) vector-mediated gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) during the past year is highlighted. RECENT FINDINGS Modulating the immune response to AAV vector capsid or the transgene has helped to increase stable transduction efficiency. Full-length dystrophin expression via gene editing with targeted nucleases may ultimately be an ideal treatment option. Also genes with homologues function may ameliorate many aspects of the DMD pathophysiology. SUMMARY The work during the past year has increased our understanding of AAV vector-mediated therapy and has also validated new approaches to treat DMD. The results will aid in the design of both preclinical and clinical trials.
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Jakobsen M, Askou AL, Stenderup K, Rosada C, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Jensen TG, Corydon TJ, Mikkelsen JG, Aagaard L. Robust Lentiviral Gene Delivery But Limited Transduction Capacity of Commonly Used Adeno-Associated Viral Serotypes in Xenotransplanted Human Skin. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2016. [PMID: 26204415 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2014.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is an easily accessible organ, and therapeutic gene transfer to skin remains an attractive alternative for the treatment of skin diseases. Although we have previously documented potent lentiviral gene delivery to human skin, vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) rank among the most promising gene delivery tools for in vivo purposes. Thus, we compared the potential usefulness of various serotypes of recombinant AAV vectors and lentiviral vectors for gene transfer to human skin in a xenotransplanted mouse model. Vector constructs encoding firefly luciferase were packaged in AAV capsids of serotype 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 and separately administered by intradermal injection in human skin transplants. For all serotypes, live bioimaging demonstrated low levels of transgene expression in the human skin graft, and firefly luciferase expression was observed primarily in neighboring tissue outside of the graft. In contrast, gene delivery by intradermally injected lentiviral vectors was efficient and led to extensive and persistent firefly luciferase expression within the human skin graft only. The study demonstrates the limited capacity of single-stranded AAV vectors of six commonly used serotypes for gene delivery to human skin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jakobsen
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Denmark .,2 Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | | | - Karin Stenderup
- 3 Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Rosada
- 3 Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars Aagaard
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
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20
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Zhai H, Chen QJ, Gao XM, Ma YT, Chen BD, Yu ZX, Li XM, Liu F, Xiang Y, Xie J, Yang YN. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by R65 ribozyme gene via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 ameliorated oxidized LDL induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9912-9921. [PMID: 26617700 PMCID: PMC4637785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NF-κB signaling plays a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis. R65 ribozyme gene suppresses activation of NF-κB pathway, therefore we studied whether R65 gene therapy can ameliorate oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAVV9) vector was used to transfect the R65 ribozyme gene (rAVV9-R65) into HUVECs then following ox-LDL stimulation, expression of NF-κB p65 and p50 subunits, inflammatory mediators and cell apoptosis were examined. First, rAVV9-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-R65 at 1×10(7) v.g./cell multiplicity of infection reached a long-lasting and significant increase in R65 gene expression. Second, ox-LDL treatment led to time- and dose-dependent activation of NF-κB pathway, and enhanced inflammatory response and cell death evidenced by increased expression of nuclear NF-κB p65 and p50 subunits, greater production of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 and von willebrand factor and 20.57% increased apoptotic HUVECs. Third, over-expression of R65 gene was 2-fold increased in HUVECs attenuated ox-LDL induced unclear accumulation and expression of p65 subunit and ameliorated inflammation and cell death (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION rAAV9-mediated R65 ribozyme gene transfection in cultured HUVECs effectively inhibits ox-LDL induced activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory cytokines and prevents cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Qing-Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- The Institution of Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, Australia
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease ResearchUrumqi, China
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Lisowski L, Tay SS, Alexander IE. Adeno-associated virus serotypes for gene therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 24:59-67. [PMID: 26291407 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) are showing exciting therapeutic promise in early phase clinical trials. The ability to cross-package the prototypic AAV2 vector genome into different capsids is a powerful way of conferring novel tropism and biology, with evolving capsid engineering technologies and directed evolution approaches further enhancing the utility and flexibility of these vectors. Novel properties of specific capsids show unpredictable species and cell-type specificity. Therefore, full realisation of the therapeutic potential of AAV vectors requires the development of more therapeutically predictive preclinical methods for evaluating capsid performance. This will strongly complement an iterative approach to the evaluation of capsid variants in the clinic and, should wherever possible, include the determination of gene transfer efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Lisowski
- Gene Transfer, Targeting and Therapeutics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Szun Szun Tay
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Edward Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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FrzA gene protects cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced oxidative stress through restraining the Wnt/Frizzled pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:90. [PMID: 26282432 PMCID: PMC4539933 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lately, there is accumulating evidence that the Wnt/Frizzled pathway is reactivated after myocardial infarction, the inhibition of the pathway is beneficial since it reduce of myocardial apoptosis and prevents heart failure. FrzA/Sfrp-1, a secreted frizzled-related protein and antagonist for the wnt/frizzled pathway. We assessed the hypothesis that FrzA protects cardiomyocytes from H2O2-Induced Oxidative damage through the inhibition of Wnt/Frizzled pathway activity. Methods We used a recombinant AAV9 vector to deliver FrzA gene into neonatal rat ventricle myocytes and developed an oxidative stress model using H2O2. The cell vitality was measured by MTT colorimetric assay. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the expressions of Dvl-1, β-catenin, c-Myc, Bax and Bcl-2. Flow cytometry analysis of cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Results We confirmed that Wnt/frizzled pathway is involved in H2O2-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Compared with controls, H2O2 induced the upregulation of Dvl-1, β-catenin, and c-Myc. FrzA suppressed the expression of Dvl-1, β-catenin, c-Myc and the activity of the Wnt/frizzled pathway. Furthermore, FrzA over-expression decreased the apoptotic rate, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in cardiomyocytes treated with H2O2. Conclusions FrzA, through the inhibition of Wnt/Frizzled pathway activity reduced H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis and could be a potential therapeutic target for prevention of cardiac oxidative damage.
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Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus–Delivered Hypoxia-inducible Stanniocalcin-1 Expression Effectively Inhibits Hypoxia-induced Cell Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 64:522-9. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction in the setting of congestive heart failure have created a new opportunity in developing nonpharmacological approaches to treatment. Gene therapy has emerged as a powerful tool in targeting the molecular mechanisms of disease by preventing the ventricular remodeling and improving bioenergetics in heart failure. Refinements in vector technology, including the creation of recombinant adeno-associated viruses, have allowed for safe and efficient gene transfer. These advancements have been coupled with evolving delivery methods that include vascular, pericardial, and direct myocardial approaches. One of the most promising targets, SERCA2a, is currently being used in clinical trials. The recent success of the Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease phase 2 trials using adeno-associated virus 1-SERCA2a in improving outcomes highlights the importance of gene therapy as a future tool in treating congestive heart failure.
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25
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Zacchigna S, Zentilin L, Giacca M. Adeno-associated virus vectors as therapeutic and investigational tools in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2014; 114:1827-46. [PMID: 24855205 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of vectors based on the small parvovirus adeno-associated virus has gained significant momentum during the past decade. Their high efficiency of transduction of postmitotic tissues in vivo, such as heart, brain, and retina, renders these vectors extremely attractive for several gene therapy applications affecting these organs. Besides functional correction of different monogenic diseases, the possibility to drive efficient and persistent transgene expression in the heart offers the possibility to develop innovative therapies for prevalent conditions, such as ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Therapeutic genes are not only restricted to protein-coding complementary DNAs but also include short hairpin RNAs and microRNA genes, thus broadening the spectrum of possible applications. In addition, several spontaneous or engineered variants in the virus capsid have recently improved vector efficiency and expanded their tropism. Apart from their therapeutic potential, adeno-associated virus vectors also represent outstanding investigational tools to explore the function of individual genes or gene combinations in vivo, thus providing information that is conceptually similar to that obtained from genetically modified animals. Finally, their single-stranded DNA genome can drive homology-directed gene repair at high efficiency. Here, we review the main molecular characteristics of adeno-associated virus vectors, with a particular view to their applications in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Zacchigna
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy (S.Z., L.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (S.Z., M.G.)
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy (S.Z., L.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (S.Z., M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacca
- From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy (S.Z., L.Z., M.G.); and Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (S.Z., M.G.).
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26
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Williams RD, Bridges CR. Surgical methods for cardiac gene transfer. Future Cardiol 2014; 10:323-6. [PMID: 24976468 DOI: 10.2217/fca.14.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1001 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Williams RD, Bridges CR. Gene therapy delivery systems for enhancing viral and nonviral vectors for cardiac diseases: current concepts and future applications. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:914-27. [PMID: 24164239 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the most promising fields for developing new treatments for the advanced stages of ischemic and monogenetic, particularly autosomal or X-linked recessive, cardiomyopathies. The remarkable ongoing efforts in advancing various targets have largely been inspired by the results that have been achieved in several notable gene therapy trials, such as the hemophilia B and Leber's congenital amaurosis. Rate-limiting problems preventing successful clinical application in the cardiac disease area, however, are primarily attributable to inefficient gene transfer, host responses, and the lack of sustainable therapeutic transgene expression. It is arguable that these problems are directly correlated with the choice of vector, dose level, and associated cardiac delivery approach as a whole treatment system. Essentially, a delicate balance exists in maximizing gene transfer required for efficacy while remaining within safety limits. Therefore, the development of safe, effective, and clinically applicable gene delivery techniques for selected nonviral and viral vectors will certainly be invaluable in obtaining future regulatory approvals. The choice of gene transfer vector, dose level, and the delivery system are likely to be critical determinants of therapeutic efficacy. It is here that the interactions between vector uptake and trafficking, delivery route means, and the host's physical limits must be considered synergistically for a successful treatment course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute , Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203
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28
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Gwathmey JK, Yerevanian A, Hajjar RJ. Targeting sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase by gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:937-47. [PMID: 24164241 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pharmacologic therapies have provided gains in reducing the mortality of heart failure, the rising incidence of the disease requires new approaches to combat its health burden. Twenty-five years ago, abnormal calcium cycling was identified as a characteristic of failing human myocardium. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a), the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, was found to be a key factor in the alteration of calcium cycling. With the advancement of gene vectors, SERCA2a emerged as an attractive clinical target for gene delivery purposes. Using adeno-associated virus constructs, SERCA2a upregulation has been found to improve myocardial function in animal models. The clinical benefits of overexpressing SERCA2a have been demonstrated in the phase I study Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID). This study has demonstrated that a persistent expression of the transgene SERCA2a is associated with a significant improvement in associated biochemical alterations and clinical symptoms of heart failure. In the coming years, additional targets will likely emerge that are amenable to genetic manipulations along with the development of more advanced vector systems with safer delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Gwathmey
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine , New York, NY 10029
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Denegri M, Bongianino R, Lodola F, Boncompagni S, De Giusti VC, Avelino-Cruz JE, Liu N, Persampieri S, Curcio A, Esposito F, Pietrangelo L, Marty I, Villani L, Moyaho A, Baiardi P, Auricchio A, Protasi F, Napolitano C, Priori SG. Single delivery of an adeno-associated viral construct to transfer the CASQ2 gene to knock-in mice affected by catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is able to cure the disease from birth to advanced age. Circulation 2014; 129:2673-81. [PMID: 24888331 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is an inherited arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by sudden cardiac death in children. Drug therapy is still insufficient to provide full protection against cardiac arrest, and the use of implantable defibrillators in the pediatric population is limited by side effects. There is therefore a need to explore the curative potential of gene therapy for this disease. We investigated the efficacy and durability of viral gene transfer of the calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) wild-type gene in a catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia knock-in mouse model carrying the CASQ2(R33Q/R33Q) (R33Q) mutation. METHODS AND RESULTS We engineered an adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9) containing cDNA of CASQ2 wild-type (AAV9-CASQ2) plus the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene to infect newborn R33Q mice studied by in vivo and in vitro protocols at 6, 9, and 12 months to investigate the ability of the infection to prevent the disease and adult R33Q mice studied after 2 months to assess whether the AAV9-CASQ2 delivery could revert the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia phenotype. In both protocols, we observed the restoration of physiological expression and interaction of CASQ2, junctin, and triadin; the rescue of electrophysiological and ultrastructural abnormalities in calcium release units present in R33Q mice; and the lack of life-threatening arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that viral gene transfer of wild-type CASQ2 into the heart of R33Q mice prevents and reverts severe manifestations of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and that this curative effect lasts for 1 year after a single injection of the vector, thus posing the rationale for the design of a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Denegri
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Rossana Bongianino
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Francesco Lodola
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Verónica C De Giusti
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - José E Avelino-Cruz
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Nian Liu
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Simone Persampieri
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Antonio Curcio
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Francesca Esposito
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Isabelle Marty
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Laura Villani
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Alejandro Moyaho
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Paola Baiardi
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Carlo Napolitano
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.)
| | - Silvia G Priori
- From Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (M.D., R.B., F.L., V.C.D.G., J.E.A.-C., S.P., A.C., F.E., P.B., C.N., S.G.P.); CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing & DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy (S.B., L.P., F.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina (V.C.D.G.); Laboratorio de Cardiología Molecular, Insituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (J.E.A.-C.); Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N.L.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (A.C.); Federico II University of Naples, Cardiology, Naples, Italy (F.E.); INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (I.M.); Pathology Division, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (L.V.); Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México (A.M.); Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy (A.A.); Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (A.A.); and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (S.G.P.).
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30
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Milani-Nejad N, Janssen PML. Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:235-49. [PMID: 24140081 PMCID: PMC3947198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is responsible for not only pumping blood throughout the body but also adjusting this pumping activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the metabolic demands of the body. For the most part, the human heart is capable of performing its duties without complications; however, throughout many decades of use, at some point this system encounters problems. Research into the heart's activities during healthy states and during adverse impacts that occur in disease states is necessary in order to strategize novel treatment options to ultimately prolong and improve patients' lives. Animal models are an important aspect of cardiac research where a variety of cardiac processes and therapeutic targets can be studied. However, there are differences between the heart of a human being and an animal and depending on the specific animal, these differences can become more pronounced and in certain cases limiting. There is no ideal animal model available for cardiac research, the use of each animal model is accompanied with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we will discuss these advantages and disadvantages of commonly used laboratory animals including mouse, rat, rabbit, canine, swine, and sheep. Since the goal of cardiac research is to enhance our understanding of human health and disease and help improve clinical outcomes, we will also discuss the role of human cardiac tissue in cardiac research. This review will focus on the cardiac ventricular contractile and relaxation kinetics of humans and animal models in order to illustrate these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Milani-Nejad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.
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31
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Asokan A, Samulski RJ. An emerging adeno-associated viral vector pipeline for cardiac gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:906-13. [PMID: 24164238 PMCID: PMC3815036 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) isolates display diverse tissue tropisms in different hosts. Robust cardiac transduction in particular has been reported for certain AAV strains. Successful applications of these AAV strains in preclinical and clinical settings with a focus on treating cardiovascular disease continue to be reported. At the same time, these studies have highlighted challenges such as cross-species variability in AAV tropism, transduction efficiency, and immunity. Continued progress in our understanding of AAV capsid structure and biology has provided the rationale for designing improved vectors that can possibly address these concerns. The current report provides an overview of cardiotropic AAV, existing gaps in our knowledge, and newly engineered AAV strains that are viable candidates for the cardiac gene therapy clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - R. Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
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32
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Tellez J, Van Vliet K, Tseng YS, Finn JD, Tschernia N, Almeida-Porada G, Arruda VR, Agbandje-McKenna M, Porada CD. Characterization of naturally-occurring humoral immunity to AAV in sheep. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75142. [PMID: 24086458 PMCID: PMC3782463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AAV vectors have shown great promise for clinical gene therapy (GT), but pre-existing human immunity against the AAV capsid often limits transduction. Thus, testing promising AAV-based GT approaches in an animal model with similar pre-existing immunity could better predict clinical outcome. Sheep have long been used for basic biological and preclinical studies. Moreover, we have re-established a line of sheep with severe hemophilia A (HA). Given the impetus to use AAV-based GT to treat hemophilia, we characterized the pre-existing ovine humoral immunity to AAV. ELISA revealed naturally-occurring antibodies to AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, AAV8, and AAV9. For AAV2, AAV8, and AAV9 these inhibit transduction in a luciferase-based neutralization assay. Epitope mapping identified peptides that were common to the capsids of all AAV serotypes tested (AAV2, AAV5, AAV8 and AAV9), with each animal harboring antibodies to unique and common capsid epitopes. Mapping using X-ray crystallographic AAV capsid structures demonstrated that these antibodies recognized both surface epitopes and epitopes located within regions of the capsid that are internal or buried in the capsid structure. These results suggest that sheep harbor endogenous AAV, which induces immunity to both intact capsid and to capsid epitopes presented following proteolysis during the course of infection. In conclusion, their clinically relevant physiology and the presence of naturally-occurring antibodies to multiple AAV serotypes collectively make sheep a unique model in which to study GT for HA, and other diseases, and develop strategies to circumvent the clinically important barrier of pre-existing AAV immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tellez
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Kim Van Vliet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yu-Shan Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Finn
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nick Tschernia
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Valder R. Arruda
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Raissadati A, Jokinen JJ, Syrjälä SO, Keränen MAI, Krebs R, Tuuminen R, Arnaudova R, Rouvinen E, Anisimov A, Soronen J, Pajusola K, Alitalo K, Nykänen AI, Lemström K. Ex vivo intracoronary gene transfer of adeno-associated virus 2 leads to superior transduction over serotypes 8 and 9 in rat heart transplants. Transpl Int 2013; 26:1126-37. [PMID: 24102821 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart transplant gene therapy requires vectors with long-lasting gene expression, high cardiotropism, and minimal pathological effects. Here, we examined transduction properties of ex vivo intracoronary delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 2, 8, and 9 in rat syngenic and allogenic heart transplants. Adult Dark Agouti (DA) rat hearts were intracoronarily perfused ex vivo with AAV2, AAV8, or AAV9 encoding firefly luciferase and transplanted heterotopically into the abdomen of syngenic DA or allogenic Wistar-Furth (WF) recipients. Serial in vivo bioluminescent imaging of syngraft and allograft recipients was performed for 6 months and 4 weeks, respectively. Grafts were removed for PCR-, RT-PCR, and luminometer analysis. In vivo bioluminescent imaging of recipients showed that AAV9 induced a prominent and stable luciferase activity in the abdomen, when compared with AAV2 and AAV8. However, ex vivo analyses revealed that intracoronary perfusion with AAV2 resulted in the highest heart transplant transduction levels in syngrafts and allografts. Ex vivo intracoronary delivery of AAV2 resulted in efficient transgene expression in heart transplants, whereas intracoronary AAV9 escapes into adjacent tissues. In terms of cardiac transduction, these results suggest AAV2 as a potential vector for gene therapy in preclinical heart transplants studies, and highlight the importance of delivery route in gene transfer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Raissadati
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Fargnoli AS, Katz MG, Yarnall C, Isidro A, Petrov M, Steuerwald N, Ghosh S, Richardville KC, Hillesheim R, Williams RD, Kohlbrenner E, Stedman HH, Hajjar RJ, Bridges CR. Cardiac surgical delivery of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase rescues myocytes in ischemic heart failure. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:586-95. [PMID: 23773730 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) is an important molecular regulator of contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Gene transfer of SERCA2a mediated by molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery (MCARD) is a novel and clinically translatable strategy. METHODS Ischemic heart failure was induced by ligation of OM1 and OM2 in 14 sheep. Seven sheep underwent MCARD-mediated AAV1-SERCA2a delivery 4 weeks after myocardial infarction, and seven sheep served as untreated controls. Magnetic resonance imaging-based mechanoenergetic studies were performed at baseline, 3 weeks, and 12 weeks after infarction. Myocyte apoptosis was quantified by Tdt-mediated nick-end labeling assay. Myocyte cross-sectional area and caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity was measured with imaging software, specific fluorogenic peptides, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MCARD-mediated AAV1-SERCA2a gene delivery resulted in robust cardiac-specific SERCA2a expression and stable improvements in global and regional contractility. There were significantly higher stroke volume index, left ventricular fractional thickening, and ejection fraction at 12 weeks in the MCARD group than in the control group (30 ± 3 vs 21 ± 2 mL/m(2); 12% ± 5% vs 3% ± 3%; and 43 ± 4 vs 32 ± 4, respectively, all p < 0.05). Apoptotic myocytes were observed more frequently in the control group than in the MCARD-SERCA2a group (0.57.2 ± 0.16 AU vs 0.32.4 ± 0.08 AU, p < 0.05). MCARD-SERCA2a also resulted in decreased caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression and decreased myocyte area in the border zone of transgenic sheep compared with control sheep (14.6% ± 1.2% vs 2.9% ± 0.7%; 18.2% ± 1.9% vs 8.6% ± 1.4%; and 102.1 ± 3.8 μm(2) vs 88.1 ± 3.6 μm(2), all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MCARD-mediated SERCA2a delivery results in robust cardiac specific gene expression, improved contractility, and a decrease in both myocyte apoptosis and myocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Fargnoli
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Percutaneous Approaches for Efficient Cardiac Gene Delivery. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 6:649-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Swain JD, Fargnoli AS, Katz MG, Tomasulo CE, Sumaroka M, Richardville KC, Koch WJ, Rabinowitz JE, Bridges CR. MCARD-mediated gene transfer of GRK2 inhibitor in ovine model of acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2013; 6:253-62. [PMID: 23208013 PMCID: PMC3695486 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (βAR) dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with elevated levels of the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2), which plays a key role in heart failure progression. Inhibition of GRK2 via expression of a peptide βARKct transferred by molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery (MCARD) may be a promising intervention. Five sheep underwent scAAV6-mediated MCARD delivery of βARKct, and five received no treatment (control). After a 3-week period, the branch of the circumflex artery (OM1) was ligated. Quantitative PCR data showed intense βARKct expression in the left ventricle (LV). Circumferential fractional shortening was 23.4 ± 7.1 % (baseline) vs. -2.9 ± 5.2 % (p < 0.05) in the control at 10 weeks. In the MCARD-βARKct group, this parameter was close to baseline. The same trend was observed with LV wall thickening. Cardiac index fully recovered in the MCARD-βARKct group. LV end-diastolic volume and LV end-diastolic pressure did not differ in both groups. MCARD-mediated βARKct gene expression results in preservation of regional and global systolic function after acute MI without arresting progressive ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaBaris D. Swain
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony S. Fargnoli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Michael G. Katz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Catherine E. Tomasulo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marina Sumaroka
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle C. Richardville
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph E. Rabinowitz
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles R. Bridges
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
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37
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Bridges CR. Myocardial gene transfer: routes and devices for regulation of transgene expression by modulation of cellular permeability. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:375-92. [PMID: 23427834 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Gene therapy approaches are becoming promising therapeutic modalities to improve underlying molecular processes affecting failing cardiomyocytes. Numerous cardiac clinical gene therapy trials have yet to demonstrate strong positive results and advantages over current pharmacotherapy. The success of gene therapy depends largely on the creation of a reliable and efficient delivery method. The establishment of such a system is determined by its ability to overcome the existing biological barriers, including cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking as well as modulation of cellular permeability. In this article, we describe a variety of physical and mechanical methods, based on the transient disruption of the cell membrane, which are applied in nonviral gene transfer. In addition, we focus on the use of different physiological techniques and devices and pharmacological agents to enhance endothelial permeability. Development of these methods will undoubtedly help solve major problems facing gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
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Abstract
Advances in understanding of the molecular basis of myocardial dysfunction, together with the development of increasingly efficient gene transfer technology, has placed heart failure within reach of gene-based therapy. Multiple components of cardiac contractility, including the Beta-adrenergic system, the calcium channel cycling pathway, and cytokine mediated cell proliferation, have been identified as appropriate targets for gene therapy. The development of efficient and safe vectors such as adeno-associated viruses and polymer nanoparticles has provided an opportunity for clinical application for gene therapy. The recent successful and safe completion of a phase 2 trial targeting the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump (SERCA2a) has the potential to open a new era for gene therapy in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Naim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Abstract
Advances in understanding the molecular basis of myocardial dysfunction, together with the evolution of increasingly efficient gene transfer technology, make gene-based therapy a promising treatment option for heart conditions. Cardiovascular gene therapy has benefitted from recent advancements in vector technology, design, and delivery modalities. There is a critical need to explore new therapeutic approaches in heart failure, and gene therapy has emerged as a viable alternative. Advances in understanding of the molecular basis of myocardial dysfunction, together with the development of increasingly efficient gene transfer technology, has placed heart failure within reach of gene-based therapy. The recent successful and safe completion of a phase 2 trial targeting the cardiac sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA2a) has the potential to open a new era for gene therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Neovascularization in tissue engineering. Cells 2012; 1:1246-60. [PMID: 24710553 PMCID: PMC3901123 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A prerequisite for successful tissue engineering is adequate vascularization that would allow tissue engineering constructs to survive and grow. Angiogenic growth factors, alone and in combination, have been used to achieve this, and gene therapy has been used as a tool to enable sustained release of these angiogenic proteins. Cell-based therapy using endothelial cells and their precursors presents an alternative approach to tackling this challenge. These studies have occurred on a background of advancements in scaffold design and assays for assessing neovascularization. Finally, several studies have already attempted to translate research in neovascularization to clinical use in the blossoming field of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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41
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Fang H, Lai NC, Gao MH, Miyanohara A, Roth DM, Tang T, Hammond HK. Comparison of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes and Delivery Methods for Cardiac Gene Transfer. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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42
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Fang H, Lai NC, Gao MH, Miyanohara A, Roth DM, Tang T, Hammond HK. Comparison of adeno-associated virus serotypes and delivery methods for cardiac gene transfer. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012; 23:234-41. [PMID: 22966786 PMCID: PMC3555516 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac gene transfer is a potentially useful strategy for cardiovascular diseases. The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a common vector to obtain transgene expression in the heart. Initial studies conducted in rodents used indirect intracoronary delivery for cardiac gene transfer. More recently AAV vectors with so-called cardiac tropism have enabled significant cardiac transgene expression following intravenous injection. However, a direct comparison of intravenous versus intracoronary delivery with rigorous quantification of cardiac transgene expression has not been conducted. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that intracoronary AAV delivery would be superior to intravenous delivery vis-à-vis cardiac transgene expression. We compared intravenous and intracoronary delivery of AAV5, AAV6, and AAV9 (5×10(11) genome copies per mouse). Using enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we quantified transgene expression by fluorescence intensity and Western blotting. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed to assess vector DNA copies, employing primers against common sequences on AAV5, AAV6, and AAV9. Intracoronary delivery resulted in 2.6- to 28-fold higher transgene protein expression in the heart 3 weeks after AAV injection compared to intravenous delivery depending on AAV serotype. The highest level of cardiac gene expression was achieved following intracoronary delivery of AAV9. Intracoronary delivery of AAV9 is a preferred method for cardiac gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Ngai Chin Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - David M. Roth
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Tong Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Abstract
Congestive heart failure accounts for half a million deaths per year in the United States. Despite its place among the leading causes of morbidity, pharmacological and mechanic remedies have only been able to slow the progression of the disease. Today's science has yet to provide a cure, and there are few therapeutic modalities available for patients with advanced heart failure. There is a critical need to explore new therapeutic approaches in heart failure, and gene therapy has emerged as a viable alternative. Recent advances in understanding of the molecular basis of myocardial dysfunction, together with the evolution of increasingly efficient gene transfer technology, have placed heart failure within reach of gene-based therapy. The recent successful and safe completion of a phase 2 trial targeting the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump (SERCA2a), along with the start of more recent phase 1 trials, opens a new era for gene therapy for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tilemann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Asokan A, Schaffer DV, Jude Samulski R. The AAV vector toolkit: poised at the clinical crossroads. Mol Ther 2012; 20:699-708. [PMID: 22273577 PMCID: PMC3321598 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) isolates in different animal species and the generation of engineered AAV strains using molecular genetics tools have yielded a versatile AAV vector toolkit. Promising results in preclinical animal models of human disease spurred the much awaited transition toward clinical application, and early successes in phase I/II clinical trials for a broad spectrum of genetic diseases have recently been reported. As the gene therapy community forges ahead with cautious optimism, both preclinical and clinical studies using first generation AAV vectors have highlighted potential challenges. These include cross-species variation in vector tissue tropism and gene transfer efficiency, pre-existing humoral immunity to AAV capsids and vector dose-dependent toxicity in patients. A battery of second generation AAV vectors, engineered through rational and combinatorial approaches to address the aforementioned concerns, are now available. This review will provide an overview of preclinical studies with the ever-expanding AAV vector portfolio in large animal models and an update on new lead AAV vector candidates poised for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - R Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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45
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Pritchette LA, Bridges CR. Gene delivery technologies for cardiac applications. Gene Ther 2012; 19:659-69. [PMID: 22418063 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western society. Advances in understanding the molecular pathology of these diseases, the evolution of vector technology, as well as defining the targets for therapeutic interventions has placed these conditions within the reach of gene-based therapy. One of the cornerstones of limiting the effectiveness of gene therapy is the establishment of clinically relevant methods of genetic transfer. Recently there have been advances in direct and transvascular gene delivery methods with the use of new technologies. Current research efforts in IHD are focused primarily on the stimulation of angiogenesis, modify the coronary vascular environment and improve endothelial function with localized gene-eluting catheters and stents. In contrast to standard IHD treatments, gene therapy in HF primarily targets inhibition of apoptosis, reduction in adverse remodeling and increase in contractility through global cardiomyocyte transduction for maximal efficacy. This article will review a variety of gene-transfer strategies in models of coronary artery disease and HF and discuss the relative success of these strategies in improving the efficiency of vector-mediated cardiac gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Katz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
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46
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Stedman HH, Byrne BJ. Signs of progress in gene therapy for muscular dystrophy also warrant caution. Mol Ther 2012; 20:249-51. [PMID: 22297820 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hansell H Stedman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Yang YN, Ji WN, Ma YT, Li XM, Chen BD, Xiang Y, Liu F. Activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by the CaMEK gene via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 in cardiomyocytes. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4672-81. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.17.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Swain JD, Tomasulo CE, Ciccarelli M, Huang ZM, Rabinowitz JE, Bridges CR. AAV6-βARKct gene delivery mediated by molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery (MCARD) in sheep results in robust gene expression and increased adrenergic reserve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 143:720-726.e3. [PMID: 22143102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic modulation of heart function is a novel therapeutic strategy. We investigated the effect of molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery (MCARD)-mediated carboxyl-terminus of the β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARKct) gene transfer on cardiac mechanoenergetics and β-adrenoreceptor (βAR) signaling. METHODS After baseline measurements, sheep underwent MCARD-mediated delivery of 10(14) genome copies of self-complimentary adeno-associated virus (scAAV6)-βARKct. Four and 8 weeks after MCARD, mechanoenergetic studies using magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Tissues were analyzed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. βAR density, cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, and physiologic parameters were evaluated. RESULTS There was a significant increase in dP/dt(max) at 4 weeks: 1384 ± 76 versus 1772 ± 182 mm Hg/s; and the increase persisted at 8 weeks in response to isoproterenol (P < .05). Similarly, the magnitude of dP/dt(min) increased at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks with isoproterenol stimulation (P < .05). At 8 weeks, potential energy was conserved, whereas in controls there was a decrease in potential energy (P < .05) in response to isoproterenol. RT-qPCR confirmed robustness of βARKct expression throughout the left ventricle and undetectable expression in extracardiac tissues. Quantitative Western blot data confirmed higher expression of βARKct in the left ventricle: 0.46 ± 0.05 versus 0.00 in lung and liver (P < .05). Survival was 100% and laboratory parameters of major organ function were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS MCARD-mediated βARKct delivery is safe, results in robust cardiac-specific gene expression, enhances cardiac contractility and lusitropy, increases adrenergic reserve, and improves energy utilization efficiency in a preclinical large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Quinn K, Quirion MR, Lo CY, Misplon JA, Epstein SL, Chiorini JA. Intranasal administration of adeno-associated virus type 12 (AAV12) leads to transduction of the nasal epithelia and can initiate transgene-specific immune response. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1990-8. [PMID: 21829176 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical aspect in defining the utility of a vector for gene therapy applications is the cell tropism and biodistribution of the vector. Adeno-associated virus type 12 (AAV12) has several unique biological and immunological properties that could be exploited for gene therapy purposes, including a unique cell surface receptor, transduction of epithelial cells, and limited neutralization by pooled human antibodies. However, little is known about its cell tropism and biodistribution in vivo. In vivo biodistribution studies with AAV12 vectors encoding a cytomegalovirus promoted luciferase transgene indicated preferential transduction of the nasal epithelia which was not observed with AAV2-based vectors. Expression peaked 2 weeks postadministration, before decreasing to a persistent level. The level of neutralizing antibodies (Nab) induced was sevenfold lower for AAV12 than for AAV2, an advantage for use in repeat administration. Furthermore, vectors encoding influenza A nucleoprotein (NP), an antigen which has previously been shown to induce immune protection against challenge, resulted in generation of both anti-A/NP antibodies and lung anti-A/NP T cells. Our findings suggest further evaluation of AAV12 as a vector for gene therapy and as a potential nasal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrina Quinn
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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50
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Gao G, Bish LT, Sleeper MM, Mu X, Sun L, Lou Y, Duan J, Hu C, Wang L, Sweeney HL. Transendocardial Delivery of AAV6 Results in Highly Efficient and Global Cardiac Gene Transfer in Rhesus Macaques. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:979-84. [PMID: 21563985 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Microbiology and Physiology Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Lawrence T. Bish
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Meg M. Sleeper
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Studies, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xin Mu
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Microbiology and Physiology Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Lan Sun
- West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - You Lou
- West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiachuan Duan
- Chengdu National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Chengdu National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Chengdu National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - H. Lee Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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