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Wang SH, Cao Z, Farazuddin M, Chen J, Janczak KW, Tang S, Cannon J, Baker JR. A novel intranasal peptide vaccine inhibits non-small cell lung cancer with KRAS mutation. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:464-471. [PMID: 38177307 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
KRAS mutations occur commonly in the lung and can lead to the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While the mutated KRAS protein is a neoantigen, it usually does not generate an effective anti-tumor immune response on mucosal/epithelial surfaces. Despite this, mutated KRAS remains a potential target for immunotherapy since immune targeting of this protein in animal models has been effective at eliminating tumor cells. We attempted to develop a KRAS vaccine using mutated and wild-type KRAS peptides in combination with a nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant. The efficacy of this approach was tested in an inducible mutant KRAS-mouse lung tumor model. Animals were immunized intranasally using NE with KRAS peptides. These animals had decreased CD4+FoxP3+ T cells in both lymph nodes and spleen. Immunized animals also showed higher IFN-γ and IL-17a levels to mutated KRAS that were produced by CD8+ T cells and enhancement in KRAS-specific Th1 and Th17 responses that persisted for 3 months after the last vaccination. Importantly, the immunized animals had significantly decreased tumor incidence compared to control animals. In conclusion, a mucosal approach to KRAS vaccination demonstrated the ability to induce local KRAS-specific immune responses in the lung and resulted in reduced tumor incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su He Wang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Zhengyi Cao
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mohammad Farazuddin
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jesse Chen
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katarzyna W Janczak
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shengzhuang Tang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jayme Cannon
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James R Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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2
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Lahiri A, Maji A, Potdar PD, Singh N, Parikh P, Bisht B, Mukherjee A, Paul MK. Lung cancer immunotherapy: progress, pitfalls, and promises. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:40. [PMID: 36810079 PMCID: PMC9942077 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the United States and around the globe. Therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Medical management is often associated with the development of treatment resistance leading to relapse. Immunotherapy is profoundly altering the approach to cancer treatment owing to its tolerable safety profile, sustained therapeutic response due to immunological memory generation, and effectiveness across a broad patient population. Different tumor-specific vaccination strategies are gaining ground in the treatment of lung cancer. Recent advances in adoptive cell therapy (CAR T, TCR, TIL), the associated clinical trials on lung cancer, and associated hurdles are discussed in this review. Recent trials on lung cancer patients (without a targetable oncogenic driver alteration) reveal significant and sustained responses when treated with programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Accumulating evidence indicates that a loss of effective anti-tumor immunity is associated with lung tumor evolution. Therapeutic cancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can achieve better therapeutic effects. To this end, the present article encompasses a detailed overview of the recent developments in the immunotherapeutic landscape in targeting small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, the review also explores the implication of nanomedicine in lung cancer immunotherapy as well as the combinatorial application of traditional therapy along with immunotherapy regimens. Finally, ongoing clinical trials, significant obstacles, and the future outlook of this treatment strategy are also highlighted to boost further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritraa Lahiri
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Avik Maji
- grid.416241.4Department of Radiation Oncology, N. R. S. Medical College & Hospital, 138 A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700014 India
| | - Pravin D. Potdar
- grid.414939.20000 0004 1766 8488Department of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, 400026 India
| | - Navneet Singh
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Purvish Parikh
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302022 India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012 India
| | - Bharti Bisht
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Anubhab Mukherjee
- Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt Ltd, 4BA, 4Th Floor, B Wing, Gundecha Onclave, Khairani Road, Sakinaka, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400072, India.
| | - Manash K. Paul
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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3
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Recent Advances in DNA Vaccines against Lung Cancer: A Mini Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101586. [PMID: 36298450 PMCID: PMC9612219 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is regarded as the major causes of patient death around the world. Although the novel tumor immunotherapy has made great progress in the past decades, such as utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors or oncolytic viruses, the overall 5-year survival of patients with lung cancers is still low. Thus, development of effective vaccines to treat lung cancer is urgently required. In this regard, DNA vaccines are now considered as a promising immunotherapy strategy to activate the host immune system against lung cancer. DNA vaccines are able to induce both effective humoral and cellular immune responses, and they possess several potential advantages such as greater stability, higher safety, and being easier to manufacture compared to conventional vaccination. In the present review, we provide a global overview of the mechanism of cancer DNA vaccines and summarize the innovative neoantigens, delivery platforms, and adjuvants in lung cancer that have been investigated or approved. Importantly, we highlight the recent advance of clinical studies in the field of lung cancer DNA vaccine, focusing on their safety and efficacy, which might accelerate the personalized design of DNA vaccine against lung cancer.
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Nagasaka M, Potugari B, Nguyen A, Sukari A, Azmi AS, Ou SHI. KRAS Inhibitors- yes but what next? Direct targeting of KRAS- vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy and beyond. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 101:102309. [PMID: 34715449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is a proto-oncogene of the RAS-MAPK pathway. KRAS mutations are present in a variety of malignancies including lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer. Until the recent approval of sotorasib, a KRAS G12C inhibitor, lack of targeted therapy for KRAS has resulted in poor prognosis of patients with tumors harboring KRAS mutations. While the conditional approval of sotorasib was a major breakthrough for those patients harboring KRAS G12C mutations, G12C only accounts for a fraction of those with KRAS mutations and eventual resistance to G12C inhibitors are unavoidable. This comprehensive review on KRAS inhibitors covers accumulating evidence on not only the G12C inhibitors but also other therapeutic attempts to tackle KRAS including combination therapy as well as direct inhibition with vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, proteolysis-targeted chimeras (PROTACs) and CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nagasaka
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Bindu Potugari
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexis Nguyen
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Asfar S Azmi
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA
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5
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Chen PS, Hsu HP, Phan NN, Yen MC, Chen FW, Liu YW, Lin FP, Feng SY, Cheng TL, Yeh PH, Omar HA, Sun Z, Jiang JZ, Chan YS, Lai MD, Wang CY, Hung JH. CCDC167 as a potential therapeutic target and regulator of cell cycle-related networks in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4157-4181. [PMID: 33461170 PMCID: PMC7906182 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
According to cancer statistics reported in 2020, breast cancer constitutes 30% of new cancer cases diagnosed in American women. Histological markers of breast cancer are expressions of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2. Up to 80% of breast cancers are grouped as ER-positive, which implies a crucial role for estrogen in breast cancer development. Therefore, identifying potential therapeutic targets and investigating their downstream pathways and networks are extremely important for drug development in these patients. Through high-throughput technology and bioinformatics screening, we revealed that coiled-coil domain-containing protein 167 (CCDC167) was upregulated in different types of tumors; however, the role of CCDC167 in the development of breast cancer still remains unclear. Integrating many kinds of databases including ONCOMINE, MetaCore, IPA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter, we found that high expression levels of CCDC167 predicted poor prognoses of breast cancer patients. Knockdown of CCDC167 attenuated aggressive breast cancer growth and proliferation. We also demonstrated that treatment with fluorouracil, carboplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin resulted in decreased expression of CCDC167 and suppressed growth of MCF-7 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that CCDC167 has high potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shern Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Ping Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yao Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Orthopedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Hsiang Yeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ajman University, Ajman 23000, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, BeniSuef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Zhengda Sun
- Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Regional Laboratories, The Permanente Medical Group, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jia-Zhen Jiang
- Emergency Department, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shin Chan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China.,PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
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6
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Wan Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Mwangi PM, Cai H, Li R. Recombinant KRAS G12D Protein Vaccines Elicit Significant Anti-Tumor Effects in Mouse CT26 Tumor Models. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1326. [PMID: 32903495 PMCID: PMC7435050 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development targeting the most frequently mutation G12D of KRAS has great significance. As an attractive immunotherapy, cancer vaccines can overcome binding difficulties of small molecules; however, the weak immunogenicity and production difficulties of reported KRAS mutation vaccines limit their clinical application. To improve antigen-specific immune responses and Anti-Tumor effects on tumors expressing KRAS G12D mutation, we designed recombinant proteins containing KRAS peptide (amino acids 5–21) with G12D (called SP) in two forms: DTT-SP4 and DTSP. DTT-SP4 was constructed by fusing four copies of SP to the C-terminal of the translocation domain of diphtheria toxin (DTT), and DTSP was constructed by grafting SP onto DTT. The two vaccines in combination with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and cytosine phosphoguanine (CpG) successfully induced conspicuous SP-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and displayed prominent protective and therapeutic Anti-Tumor effects in mouse CT26 tumor models. Surprisingly, the DTSP-treated group displayed better Anti-Tumor effects in vivo compared with the DTT-SP4-treated and control groups. Moreover, 87.5 and 50% of DTSP-treated mice in the preventive and therapeutic models were tumor free, respectively. Notably, in the DTSP-treated group, the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression of T cells in vitro and the T-helper 1 (Th1)–related cytokine expression in tumor tissues indicated that the activated Th1 immune response may be involved in Anti-Tumor activity. Furthermore, DTSP treatment remarkably altered the subpopulation of T cells in splenocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The percentage of effector CD8+ T cells increased, whereas that of immunosuppressive CD4+Foxp3+ T cells remained reduced in the DTSP group. Dramatic tumor-inhibitory effects of DTSP, which is easily prepared, make it a more attractive strategy against KRAS G12D tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick Malonza Mwangi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaman Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai HyCharm Inc., Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Ma JA, Zhang HX, Jiang YN, Luo WH. Cancer vaccines: Targeting KRAS-driven cancers. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:163-173. [PMID: 32174221 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1733420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mutant KRAS is a genetic driver of multiple cancers that has challenged clinical anti-cancer therapeutics in the last 3 decades. Neo-antigens encoded by KRAS mutations have been identified as tumor-specific with high immunogenicity and can be used to deliver precision cancer vaccines to promote anti-tumor immune responses. KRAS mutation-based cancer vaccines have produced encouraging preclinical and clinical results. Cancer vaccines represent a promising approach to treat KRAS-driven cancers.Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the development and progress of vaccines targeting KRAS and evaluate their potential benefits and obstacles in the current landscape of therapy for KRAS-driven cancers.Expert opinion: KRAS mutation-based cancer vaccines can induce immunogenicity in patients with KRAS-driven cancers. However, the mechanisms of tumor suppression including cellular and molecular factors within the tumor microenvironment may limit vaccine efficacy. Combining KRAS-driven therapeutic cancer vaccines with other methods and adjuvants can circumvent immunosuppression and promote therapeutic successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-An Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Na Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Hao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Duong HTT, Thambi T, Yin Y, Kim SH, Nguyen TL, Phan VG, Kim J, Jeong JH, Lee DS. Degradation-regulated architecture of injectable smart hydrogels enhances humoral immune response and potentiates antitumor activity in human lung carcinoma. Biomaterials 2020; 230:119599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hoo WPY, Siak PY, In LLA. Overview of Current Immunotherapies Targeting Mutated KRAS Cancers. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2158-2175. [PMID: 31483231 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190904163524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of somatic substitution mutations of the KRAS proto-oncogene is highly prevalent in certain cancer types, which often leads to constant activation of proliferative pathways and subsequent neoplastic transformation. It is often seen as a gateway mutation in carcinogenesis and has been commonly deemed as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis and relapse when conventional chemotherapeutics are employed. Additionally, its mutational status also renders EGFR targeted therapies ineffective owing to its downstream location. Efforts to discover new approaches targeting this menacing culprit have been ongoing for years without much success, and with incidences of KRAS positive cancer patients being on the rise, researchers are now turning towards immunotherapies as the way forward. In this scoping review, recent immunotherapeutic developments and advances in both preclinical and clinical studies targeting K-ras directly or indirectly via its downstream signal transduction machinery will be discussed. Additionally, some of the challenges and limitations of various K-ras targeting immunotherapeutic approaches such as vaccines, adoptive T cell therapies, and checkpoint inhibitors against KRAS positive cancers will be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfrey Pui Yee Hoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yan Siak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel L A In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Saad MI, Rose-John S, Jenkins BJ. ADAM17: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1218. [PMID: 31438559 PMCID: PMC6769596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, which histologically is classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer diagnoses, with the majority of patients presenting with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). KRAS mutations are a major driver of LAC, and are closely related to cigarette smoking, unlike mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which arise in never-smokers. Although the past two decades have seen fundamental progress in the treatment and diagnosis of NSCLC, NSCLC still is predominantly diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic interventions are mostly palliative. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-converting enzyme (TACE), is responsible for the protease-driven shedding of more than 70 membrane-tethered cytokines, growth factors and cell surface receptors. Among these, the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), which drives pro-inflammatory and pro-tumourigenic IL-6 trans-signaling, along with several EGFR family ligands, are the best characterised. This large repertoire of substrates processed by ADAM17 places it as a pivotal orchestrator of a myriad of physiological and pathological processes associated with the initiation and/or progression of cancer, such as cell proliferation, survival, regeneration, differentiation and inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent research implicating ADAM17 as a key player in the development of LAC, and highlight the potential of ADAM17 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy to tackle this deadly malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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11
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Homoharringtonine induced immune alteration for an Efficient Anti-tumor Response in Mouse Models of Non-small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma Expressing Kras Mutation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8216. [PMID: 29844447 PMCID: PMC5974086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homoharringtonine (HHT), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, has been used to treat leukemia. Its therapeutic effects on non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma carrying KRAS mutation and their immune system are less understood. The present study examined the therapeutic efficacy and the immune effects of HHT in two murine lung tumor models, xenograft and transgenic, carrying the Kras mutation G12D and G12C respectively. HHT exhibited efficient anticancer activity, significantly suppressing lung tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The levels of 22 cytokines and chemokines in splenocytes of tumor-bearing mice were examined. Interleukin-12 expression was lower in splenocytes of HHT-treated mice when compared to the controls as demonstrated by a cytokine array and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of CD80, CD86, and CD69 in B220+ B cells from splenocytes of HHT-treated mice were higher than that of control mice in two mouse tumor models. Furthermore, antitumor effect of HHT was attenuated with depletion of B cells. Increased numbers of CD80+ and CD86+ B cells were observed in the mice treated with narciclasine, another translation inhibitor. In conclusion, HHT changed the features of immune cells, and exhibited efficient anti-tumor activity against lung tumor carrying mutant Kras expression.
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12
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Weng TY, Li CJ, Li CY, Hung YH, Yen MC, Chang YW, Chen YH, Chen YL, Hsu HP, Chang JY, Lai MD. Skin Delivery of Clec4a Small Hairpin RNA Elicited an Effective Antitumor Response by Enhancing CD8 + Immunity In Vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:419-427. [PMID: 29246320 PMCID: PMC5701806 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clec4a has been reported to be an immune suppressor of dendritic cells (DCs), but its potential role in cancer therapy remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated whether downregulating the expression of Clec4a via skin delivery of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) using a gene gun produced stronger host immunity and inhibited tumor progression in animal models. Administration of Clec4a2 shRNA delayed tumor growth in both mouse bladder and lung tumor-bearing mouse models. The result was further confirmed with a compensation experiment showing that the antitumor effects induced by Clec4a2 shRNA were restored by co-injection of a plasmid expressing exogenous Clec4a2. Increased numbers of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at tumor sites were observed in mice treated with Clec4a2 shRNA. Splenocytes from mice with Clec4a2 shRNA administration exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity compared with splenocytes from control mice. CD8-deletion in vivo abrogated the antitumor effects elicited by Clec4a2 shRNA. Additionally, shClec4a enhanced the antitumor effects of the Neu DNA vaccine in the MBT-2 tumor model. In summary, the findings provide evidence that silencing of Clec4a2 expression via skin delivery of shRNA produces an effective antitumor response and that Clec4a2 shRNA may have therapeutic potential as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yang Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd., Cianjin District, Kaohsiung City 80145, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Senior Citizen Services Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60, Sec. 1, Erren Rd., Rende District, Tainan City 717, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, No. 367, Sheng-li Rd., North District, Tainan City 704, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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13
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Generation of antibodies against disintegrin and cysteine-rich domains by DNA immunization: An approach to neutralize snake venom-induced haemorrhage. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
RAS mutations are among the most common oncogenic drivers in human cancers, affecting nearly a third of all solid tumors and around a fifth of common myeloid malignancies, but they have evaded therapeutic interventions, despite being the focus of intense research over the last three decades. Recent discoveries lend new understanding about the structure, function, and signaling of RAS and have opened new avenues for development of much needed new therapies. We discuss the various approaches under investigation to target mutant RAS proteins. The recent development of direct RAS inhibitors specific to KRAS G12C mutations represents a landmark discovery that promises to change the perception about RAS's druggability. Multiple clinical trials targeting synthetically lethal partners and/or downstream signaling partners of RAS are underway. Novel inhibitors targeting various arms of RAS processing and signaling have yielded encouraging results in the laboratory, but refinement of the drug-like properties of these molecules is required before they will be ready for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshabad Singh
- Harshabad Singh and Bruce A. Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Harshabad Singh, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Dan L. Longo, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dan L Longo
- Harshabad Singh and Bruce A. Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Harshabad Singh, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Dan L. Longo, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce A Chabner
- Harshabad Singh and Bruce A. Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Harshabad Singh, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Dan L. Longo, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
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