1
|
Ivanizs L, Monostori I, Farkas A, Megyeri M, Mikó P, Türkösi E, Gaál E, Lenykó-Thegze A, Szőke-Pázsi K, Szakács É, Darkó É, Kiss T, Kilian A, Molnár I. Unlocking the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Wild Gene Source of Wheat, Aegilops biuncialis Vis., and Its Relationship With the Heading Time. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1531. [PMID: 31824545 PMCID: PMC6882925 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic diversity of Aegilops biuncialis, a valuable source of agronomical useful genes, may significantly facilitate the introgression breeding of wheat. The genetic diversity and population structure of 86 Ae. biuncialis genotypes were investigated by 32700 DArT markers with the simultaneous application of three statistical methods- neighbor-joining clustering, Principal Coordinate Analysis, and the Bayesian approach to classification. The collection of Ae. biuncialis accessions was divided into five groups that correlated well with their eco-geographic habitat: A (North Africa), B (mainly from Balkans), C (Kosovo and Near East), D (Turkey, Crimea, and Peloponnese), and E (Azerbaijan and the Levant region). The diversity between the Ae. biuncialis accessions for a phenological trait (heading time), which is of decisive importance in the adaptation of plants to different eco-geographical environments, was studied over 3 years. A comparison of the intraspecific variation in the heading time trait by means of analysis of variance and principal component analysis revealed four phenotypic categories showing association with the genetic structure and geographic distribution, except for minor differences. The detailed exploration of genetic and phenologic divergence provides an insight into the adaptation capacity of Ae. biuncialis, identifying promising genotypes that could be utilized for wheat improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Ivanizs
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - István Monostori
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - András Farkas
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Mária Megyeri
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Péter Mikó
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Edina Türkösi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eszter Gaál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | | | - Kitti Szőke-Pázsi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Éva Szakács
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Éva Darkó
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kiss
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Kilian
- University of Canberra, Diversity Array Technologies, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - István Molnár
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comes HP, Abbott RJ. POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE AND GENE FLOW ACROSS ARID VERSUS MESIC ENVIRONMENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO PARAPATRICSENECIOSPECIES FROM THE NEAR EAST. Evolution 2017; 53:36-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/1997] [Accepted: 09/30/1998] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter Comes
- School of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology; University of St. Andrews; St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Abbott
- School of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology; University of St. Andrews; St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Volis S, Ormanbekova D, Yermekbayev K, Song M, Shulgina I. The Conservation Value of Peripheral Populations and a Relationship Between Quantitative Trait and Molecular Variation. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Volis S, Ormanbekova D, Yermekbayev K, Song M, Shulgina I. Introduction beyond a species range: a relationship between population origin, adaptive potential and plant performance. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:268-76. [PMID: 24690758 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive potential of a population defines its importance for species survival in changing environmental conditions such as global climate change. Very few empirical studies have examined adaptive potential across species' ranges, namely, of edge vs core populations, and we are unaware of a study that has tested adaptive potential (namely, variation in adaptive traits) and measured performance of such populations in conditions not currently experienced by the species but expected in the future. Here we report the results of a Triticum dicoccoides population study that employed transplant experiments and analysis of quantitative trait variation. Two populations at the opposite edges of the species range (1) were locally adapted; (2) had lower adaptive potential (inferred from the extent of genetic quantitative trait variation) than the two core populations; and (3) were outperformed by the plants from the core population in the novel environment. The fact that plants from the species arid edge performed worse than plants from the more mesic core in extreme drought conditions beyond the present climatic envelope of the species implies that usage of peripheral populations for conservation purposes must be based on intensive sampling of among-population variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Volis
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - D Ormanbekova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - K Yermekbayev
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - M Song
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - I Shulgina
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Volis S, Song M, Zhang YH, Shulgina I. Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure in Emmer Wheat and the Role of Population Range Position. Evol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-013-9256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
6
|
Allozyme differentiation in four species of the Crocus cartwrightianus group and in cultivated saffron (Crocus sativus). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Olivera PD, Kolmer JA, Anikster Y, Steffenson BJ. Resistance of Sharon Goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) to Fungal Diseases of Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2007; 91:942-950. [PMID: 30780426 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-8-0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) is a wild relative of wheat that is native to Israel and Lebanon. The importance of A. sharonensis as a source of new resistance genes for wheat warrants additional research on the characterization of accessions for economically important genes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate a collection of A. sharonensis accessions for resistance to seven important fungal diseases of wheat and assess the phenotypic diversity of the germplasm for disease reaction. The frequency of resistance in A. sharonensis was highest to powdery mildew (79 to 83%) and leaf rust (60 to 77%). Resistance to stem rust also was common, although the percentage of resistant accessions varied markedly depending on the pathogen race-from 13% to race TTTT to 72% to race QCCJ. The frequency of resistance was intermediate to stripe rust (45%) and low to tan spot (15 to 29%) and spot blotch (0 to 34%). None of the A. sharonensis accessions was resistant to Fusarium head blight. Many of the accessions tested exhibited heterogeneous reactions (i.e., had both resistant and susceptible plants) to one or more of the diseases, suggesting that heterozygosity may be present at some resistance loci. Substantial variation was observed in the level of diversity to individual diseases because Shannon's Equitability index ranged from 0.116 (for Fusarium head blight) to 0.994 (for tan spot). A high level of diversity was found both between and within collection sites. Moreover, differences in the geographic distribution of resistant accessions were observed. For example, accessions from northern Israel generally were less diverse and less resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust than accessions from more southern locations. Four A. sharonensis accessions were highly resistant to most of the diseases evaluated and may provide a source of unique resistance genes for introgression into cultivated wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Olivera
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J A Kolmer
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - Y Anikster
- Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - B J Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giorgi D, D'Ovidio R, Tanzarella OA, Ceoloni C, Porceddu E. Isolation and characterization of S genome specific sequences from Aegilops sect. sitopsis species. Genome 2003; 46:478-89. [PMID: 12834066 DOI: 10.1139/g03-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three S genome specific sequences were isolated from Aegilops sect. sitopsis species using different experimental approaches. Two clones, UTV86 and UTV39, were isolated from a partial genomic library obtained from DNA of Aegilops sharonensis, whereas a third clone, UTV5, was isolated from Aegilops speltoides. The three clones were characterized by sequencing, analysis of methylation, and sequence organization and abundance in some Aegilops and Triticum species. The clones UTV39 and UTV5 belong to the same family of tandem repeated sequences and showed high homology with a sequence already present in nucleotide databases. The UTV86 clone from Ae. sharonensis corresponded to an interspersed low frequency repeated sequence and did not show any significant homology with reported sequences. Southern hybridization experiments, using the cloned sequences as probes, detected polymorphism in the restriction patterns of all the five Aegilops species in section sitopsis. Aegilops speltoides showed the most divergent hybridization pattern. A close relationship was detected between the S genome of Ae. speltoides and the G genome of the wild Triticum timopheevii. In situ hybridization revealed a telomeric and (or) subtelomeric location of the sequences UTV39 and UTV5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Volis S, Mendlinger S, Turuspekov Y, Esnazarov U. Phenotypic and allozyme variation in Mediterranean and desert populations of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum Koch. Evolution 2002; 56:1403-15. [PMID: 12206241 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Populations of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum Koch, were collected in two distinct climatic regions, desert and Mediterranean. Plants from five desert and five Mediterranean populations were compared and contrasted for extent and structure of phenotypic variation. These same 10 and one other population from each region were analyzed for allozyme variation. In a field trial of phenotypic diversity, two phenological and 14 morphological traits were examined. Study of allozyme variation was performed using eight enzyme systems encoding for 13 loci. Plants from the desert and Mediterranean regions were significantly different in seven of 16 phenotypic traits, exhibited a high (30%) interregional component of phenotypic variation, and showed a high degree of segregation on a principal component scattergram indicating ecotypic differentiation. Mediterranean populations were twice as variable as desert populations in reproductive growth parameters (stem and spike length) and grain filling (spikelet weight), but half as variable for onset of reproduction. The extent and structure of phenotypic and allozyme variation did not match. The Mediterranean and desert populations did not differ in amount of allozyme variation as estimated by mean number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles, polymorphism, and gene diversity (n(a), n(e), P, and H(e)), did not segregate on the basis of population genetic distances, and exhibited a low proportion of interregion allozyme diversity (2%). No effect of selection on allozyme distribution was detected. Our results suggest that the adaptation of plants originating from desert and Mediterranean environments is reflected in phenotypic but not in allozyme variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Volis
- The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
BUSO GSC, RANGEL PH, FERREIRA ME. Analysis of genetic variability of South American wild rice populations (Oryza glumaepatula) with isozymes and RAPD markers. Mol Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. S. C. BUSO
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, CENARGEN‐EMBRAPA, Sain Parque Rural CP 02372, 70770–900 Brasilia DF, Brazil, ,
| | - P. H. RANGEL
- CNPAF‐EMBRAPA, Rod. Goiania/Santo Antonio de Goias Km 12, GO, 74001–970
| | - M. E. FERREIRA
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, CENARGEN‐EMBRAPA, Sain Parque Rural CP 02372, 70770–900 Brasilia DF, Brazil, ,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arafeh RMH, Sapir Y, Shmida A, Iraki N, Fragman O, Comes HP. Patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in Iris haynei and I. atrofusca (Iris sect. Oncocyclus = the royal irises) along an ecogeographical gradient in Israel and the West Bank. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:39-53. [PMID: 11903903 DOI: 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Iris haynei and I. atrofusca are two closely related narrow endemics distributed vicariously along an ecogeographical north-south gradient in Israel and the West Bank. To obtain baseline information of the taxonomic status, conservation and population history of these taxa, we investigated patterns of phenotypic variation and the partitioning of genetic variation within and among populations using dominant random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Multivariate (principal components analysis) and taxonomic distance analyses based on morphometric traits from eight populations revealed no unambiguous separation into two distinct groups. Results of genetic analyses for nine populations differed only slightly when either allele- or marker-based approaches were employed. Mean within-population diversity was high (0.258 for Nei's expected heterozygosity), but there was no significant relationship between genetic diversity and either population size or latitude. Although the range-wide estimate of GST ( approximately 0.20) revealed relatively high differentiation among populations this value was inflated because of a small, but significant, component of molecular variance among regions viz. taxa ( approximately 5%). Limited long-distance dispersal capabilities in conjunction with a linearized habitat distribution are proposed to contribute to the approximate isolation by distance pattern observed. It also appears that extant populations are currently deviating from equilibrium conditions because of primary divergence of a formerly more widespread ancestral population. Given the absence of deep genetic and phenotypic subdivision among northern (I. haynei) vs. central/southern (I. atrofusca) populations, we argue for a revision of their species status. Nonetheless, we recommend conservation attention to these geographically differentiated segments as separate management units, which can be seen as an instructive example of incipient species formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M H Arafeh
- UNESCO Biotechnology Educational and Training Center, Bethlehem University, Palestinian Authority
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Volis S, Mendlinger S, Turuspekov Y, Esnazarov U. PHENOTYPIC AND ALLOZYME VARIATION IN MEDITERRANEAN AND DESERT POPULATIONS OF WILD BARLEY, HORDEUM SPONTANEUM KOCH. Evolution 2002. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1403:paavim]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Volis S, Mendlinger S, Orlovsky N. Variability in phenotypic traits in core and peripheral populations of wild barley Hordeum spontaneum Koch. Hereditas 2001; 133:235-47. [PMID: 11433968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2000.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of wild barley, H. spontaneum Koch., were collected in two countries, Israel and Turkmenistan, in environments representing two similar sharp clines of aridity. This allowed us to use the same criteria to define species core and periphery in two regions. Plants from 10 Israeli and 19 Turkmenian populations were grown in a field trial with three water treatments and compared for amount and structure of variation in phenological and morphological traits. Extent of variation was similar in populations at species border (periphery by aridity criterion) or at species border and near it (by habitat), and in populations inhabiting favorable environments away from the border (core). In contrast, two regions (Israel and Turkmenistan) exhibited different amount of variation in phenotypic traits. Israeli populations were more diverse than Turkmenian populations in all except one phenotypic traits and the variation was differently structured among regionally specific core and periphery. While Turkmenian core and periphery defined by either criterion did not differ for all except one trait, corresponding Israeli populations exhibited opposite patterns of variation for trait complexes. Israeli core (Mediterranean) populations were twice as variable than peripheral (desert) populations in parameters of reproductive growth (stem, spike and awn length) and grain filling (spikelet weight) and half as variable in the length of flag and penultimate leaves and onset of reproduction. Possible modes of regionally specific natural selection as a cause of regional/local variation in phenotypic triats are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Volis
- Institute for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma IK, Jones DL, Young AG, French CJ. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness among six endemic Pterostylis species (Orchidaceae; series Grandiflorae) of Western Australia, as revealed by allozyme polymorphisms. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2001; 29:697-710. [PMID: 11399357 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(00)00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Starch gel electrophoresis was employed to survey the allozyme polymorphism and phylogenetic relationships among 35 populations covering six closely related Western Australian endemic Pterostylis species (series Grandiflorae); viz P. rogersii, P. aspera, P. angusta, P. hamiltonii, P. scabra and P. aff. alata. The aim of this study was to determine intraspecific and interspecific genetic diversity and species relationships based on allozyme analysis. The frequencies of 56 alleles at 12 enzyme systems coded by 15 loci were determined along with a mean intraspecific genetic identity value. Allozyme markers clearly discriminated populations belonging to different species. Nei's genetic distance/identity co-efficient was used to measure the level of genetic differentiation among populations and species. Based on these values, a dendrogram was constructed which revealed that all the populations clustered into groups corresponding to the respective species. Gene diversity analysis among all the species revealed total genetic diversity H(t) of 0.23 with co-efficient of gene differentiation 10% (G(st)=0.10). Mean genetic variability (H(e)=0.136, P=40%) was also higher than for other outbreeding plant species. Mean genetic identity coefficient of populations of all species was 0.859 which increased to 0.877 upon exclusion of P. aff. alata, indicating a high degree of similarity among all species except P. aff. alata which segregated distinctively from the rest. Overall, the investigation provided independent support for the morphological segregation of these taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I K. Sharma
- Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|