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Vinogradov IM, Zang C, Mahmud-Al-Hasan M, Head ML, Jennions MD. Inbreeding and high developmental temperatures affect cognition and boldness in guppies ( Poecilia reticulata). Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240785. [PMID: 39317321 PMCID: PMC11421933 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding impairs the cognitive abilities of humans, but its impact on cognition in other animals is poorly studied. For example, environmental stress (e.g. food limitation and extreme temperatures) often amplifies inbreeding depression in morphological traits, but whether cognition is similarly affected is unclear. We, therefore, tested if a higher temperature (30°C versus 26°C) during development exacerbates any difference in inhibitory control between inbred (f = 0.25) and outbred guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Inhibitory control is an aspect of cognition that is often measured in vertebrates using a detour test, in which animals have to navigate around a transparent barrier to reach a reward. We also tested if inbreeding and temperature affect 'boldness', which is a putative personality trait in guppies. Inbreeding lowered inhibitory control of guppies raised at the higher temperature but not those raised at the control temperature. Inbred fish were significantly less bold than outbred fish. In addition, males, but not females, raised at the higher temperature had significantly lower inhibitory control. There was no effect of temperature on the boldness of either sex. Our study is among the first to test if experimentally induced inbreeding impairs cognition in a non-domesticated vertebrate. We show that both inbreeding and higher temperatures during development can affect the behaviour and cognitive abilities of fish. These findings are noteworthy given the twin threats of rising global temperatures and more frequent inbreeding as habitat fragmentation reduces population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Vinogradov
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road , Canberra, Australian Captial Territory 2600, Australia
| | - C Zang
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road , Canberra, Australian Captial Territory 2600, Australia
| | - M Mahmud-Al-Hasan
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road , Canberra, Australian Captial Territory 2600, Australia
| | - M L Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road , Canberra, Australian Captial Territory 2600, Australia
| | - M D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road , Canberra, Australian Captial Territory 2600, Australia
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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2
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Vega‐Trejo R, Boer RA, Fitzpatrick JL, Kotrschal A. Sex‐specific inbreeding depression: A meta‐analysis. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1009-1026. [PMID: 35064612 PMCID: PMC9304238 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Vega‐Trejo
- Department of Zoology: Ethology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Zoology Edward Grey Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Raïssa A. Boer
- Department of Zoology: Ethology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Kotrschal
- Department of Zoology: Ethology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Behavioural Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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3
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Ivimey-Cook E, Bricout S, Candela V, Maklakov AA, Berg EC. Inbreeding reduces fitness of seed beetles under thermal stress. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1386-1396. [PMID: 34233049 PMCID: PMC9291971 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human‐induced environmental change can influence populations both at the global level through climatic warming and at the local level through habitat fragmentation. As populations become more isolated, they can suffer from high levels of inbreeding, which contributes to a reduction in fitness, termed inbreeding depression. However, it is still unclear if this increase in homozygosity also results in a corresponding increase in sensitivity to stressful conditions, which could intensify the already detrimental effects of environmental warming. Here, in a fully factorial design, we assessed the life‐long impact of increased inbreeding load and elevated temperature on key life history traits in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that beetles raised at higher temperatures had far reduced fitness and survival than beetles from control temperatures. Importantly, these negative effects were exacerbated in inbred beetles as a result of increased inbreeding load, with further detrimental effects manifesting on individual eclosion probability and lifetime reproductive success. These results reveal the harmful impact that increasing temperature and likelihood of habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenetic changes in environmental conditions could have on populations of organisms worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ivimey-Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sophie Bricout
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Candela
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexei A Maklakov
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Elena C Berg
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
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4
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Ahlinder J, Giles BE, García-Gil MR. Life stage-specific inbreeding depression in long-lived Pinaceae species depends on population connectivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8834. [PMID: 33893361 PMCID: PMC8065042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding depression (ID) is a fundamental selective pressure that shapes mating systems and population genetic structures in plants. Although it has been shown that ID varies over the life stages of shorter-lived plants, less is known about how the fitness effects of inbreeding vary across life stages in long-lived species. We conducted a literature survey in the Pinaceae, a tree family known to harbour some of the highest mutational loads ever reported. Using a meta-regression model, we investigated distributions of inbreeding depression over life stages, adjusting for effects of inbreeding levels and the genetic differentiation of populations within species. The final dataset contained 147 estimates of ID across life stages from 41 studies. 44 Fst estimates were collected from 40 peer-reviewed studies for the 18 species to aid genetic differentiation modelling. Partitioning species into fragmented and well-connected groups using Fst resulted in the best way (i.e. trade-off between high goodness-of-fit of the model to the data and reduced model complexity) to incorporate genetic connectivity in the meta-regression analysis. Inclusion of a life stage term and its interaction with the inbreeding coefficient (F) dramatically increased model precision. We observed that the correlation between ID and F was significant at the earliest life stage. Although partitioning of species populations into fragmented and well-connected groups explained little of the between-study heterogeneity, the inclusion of an interaction between life stage and population differentiation revealed that populations with fragmented distributions suffered lower inbreeding depression at early embryonic stages than species with well-connected populations. There was no evidence for increased ID in late life stages in well-connected populations, although ID tended to increase across life stages in the fragmented group. These findings suggest that life stage data should be included in inbreeding depression studies and that inbreeding needs to be managed over life stages in commercial populations of long-lived plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ahlinder
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, 901 82, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Barbara E Giles
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Rosario García-Gil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Plesnar-Bielak A, Sychta K, Gaczorek TS, Palka JK, Prus MA, Prokop ZM. Does operational sex ratio influence relative strength of purging selection in males versus females? J Evol Biol 2019; 33:80-88. [PMID: 31549754 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to theory, sexual selection in males may efficiently purge mutation load of sexual populations, reducing or fully compensating 'the cost of males'. For this to occur, mutations not only need to be deleterious to both sexes, they also must affect males more than females. A frequently overlooked problem is that relative strength of selection on males versus females may vary between environments, with social conditions being particularly likely to affect selection in males and females differently. Here, we induced mutations in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) and tested their effect in both sexes under three different operational sex ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1). Induced mutations decreased fitness of both males and females, but their effect was not stronger in males. Surprisingly, operational sex ratio did not affect selection against deleterious mutations nor its relative strength in the sexes. Thus, our results show no support for the role of sexual selection in the evolutionary maintenance of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Sychta
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz S Gaczorek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna K Palka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika A Prus
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zofia M Prokop
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Demographic comparison and population projection of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reared on sugarcane at different temperatures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31659. [PMID: 27545594 PMCID: PMC4992881 DOI: 10.1038/srep31659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how temperature affects fitness is important for conservation and pest management, especially in the era of global climate change. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a worldwide pest of many economically important crops. Although much is known about this pest’s life cycle, its adaptability to different temperatures is not fully understood. Here, we used age- and stage-specific life tables to investigate the effects of temperature on fitness-related traits and demographic parameters of R. ferrugineus under eight constant temperature regimens in the laboratory. The growth potential of these populations was also evaluated. The greatest longevity for males and females was 158.0 d at 24 °C and 144.5 d at 21 °C, respectively, but mean total fecundity was the highest at 27 °C. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) increased initially at low temperatures and then decreased. All metrics reached a maximum at 27 °C and a minimum at 36 °C. Mean generation times (T ) decreased across the temperature range with a minimum at 36 °C. Our results indicate that the optimum temperature for growth of R. ferrugineus was approximately 27 °C. Our work will be of value for developing strategies for control management of this pest species.
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7
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Generation-based life table analysis reveals manifold effects of inbreeding on the population fitness in Plutella xylostella. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12749. [PMID: 26227337 PMCID: PMC4521199 DOI: 10.1038/srep12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how inbreeding affects fitness is biologically important for conservation and pest management. Despite being a worldwide pest of many economically important cruciferous crops, the influence of inbreeding on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), populations is currently unknown. Using age-stage-specific life tables, we quantified the inbreeding effects on fitness-related traits and demographic parameters of P. xylostella. Egg hatching rate, survival and fecundity of the inbred line significantly declined compared to those of the outbred line over time. The inbred P. xylostella line showed significantly lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R0), and finite increase rate (λ), and increasing generation time (T). Inbreeding effects vary with developmental stages and the fitness-related traits can be profoundly affected by the duration of inbreeding. Our work provides a foundation for further studies on molecular and genetic bases of the inbreeding depression for P. xylostella.
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8
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Stojković B, Đorđević M, Janković J, Savković U, Tucić N. Heterosis in age-specific selected populations of a seed beetle: sex differences in longevity and reproductive behavior. INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 22:295-309. [PMID: 24677595 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We tested mutation accumulation hypothesis for the evolution of senescence using short-lived and long-lived populations of the seed-feeding beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), obtained by selection on early- and late-life for many generations. The expected consequence of the mutation accumulation hypothesis is that in short-lived populations, where the force of natural selection is the strongest early in life, the late-life fitness traits should decline due to genetic drift which increases the frequency of mutations with deleterious effects in later adult stages. Since it is unlikely that identical deleterious mutations will increase in several independent populations, hybrid vigor for late-life fitness is expected in offspring obtained in crosses among populations selected for early-life fitness traits. We tested longevity of both sexes, female fecundity and male reproductive behavior for hybrid vigor by comparing hybrid and nonhybrid short-lived populations. Hybrid vigor was confirmed for male virility, mating speed and copulation duration, and longevity of both sexes at late ages. In contrast to males, the results on female fecundity in short-lived populations did not support mutation accumulation as a genetic mechanism for the evolution of this trait. Contrary to the prediction of this hypothesis, male mating ability indices and female fecundity in long-lived populations exhibited hybrid vigor at all assayed age classes. We demonstrate that nonhybrid long-lived populations diverged randomly regarding female and male reproductive fitness, indicating that sexually antagonistic selection, when accompanied with genetic drift for female fecundity and male virility, might be responsible for overriding natural selection in the independently evolving long-lived populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Stojković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade; Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Liu X, Tu X, He H, Chen C, Xue F. Evidence for inbreeding depression and pre-copulatory, but not post copulatory inbreeding avoidance in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94389. [PMID: 24718627 PMCID: PMC3981785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is known to have adverse effects on fitness-related traits in a range of insect species. A series of theoretical and experimental studies have suggested that polyandrous insects could avoid the cost of inbreeding via pre-copulatory mate choice and/or post-copulatory mechanisms. We looked for evidence of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance using female mate preference trials, in which females were given the choice of mating with either of two males, a sibling and a non-sibling. We also tested for evidence of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance by conducting double mating experiments, in which four sibling females were mated with two males sequentially, either two siblings, two non-siblings or a sibling and a non-sibling in either order. We identified substantial inbreeding depression: offspring of females mated to full siblings had lower hatching success, slower development time from egg to adult, lower survival of larval and pupal stages, and lower adult body mass than the offspring of females mated to non-sibling males. We also found evidence of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, as females preferred to mate with non-sibling males. However, we did not find any evidence of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance: egg hatching success of females mating to both sibling and non-sibling males were consistent with sperm being used without bias in relation to mate relatedness. Our results suggest that this cabbage beetle has evolved a pre-copulatory mechanism to avoid matings between close relative, but that polyandry is apparently not an inbreeding avoidance mechanism in C. bowringi.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingPing Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - XiaoYun Tu
- Life and Sciences College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - HaiMin He
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - FangSen Xue
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Rogell B, Widegren W, Hallsson LR, Berger D, Björklund M, Maklakov AA. Sex-dependent evolution of life-history traits following adaptation to climate warming. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rogell
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University; Uppsala SE-752 36 Sweden
- Shool of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton 3800 Australia
| | - William Widegren
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University; Uppsala SE-752 36 Sweden
| | - Lára R. Hallsson
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University; Uppsala SE-752 36 Sweden
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - David Berger
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University; Uppsala SE-752 36 Sweden
| | - Mats Björklund
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University; Uppsala SE-752 36 Sweden
| | - Alexei A. Maklakov
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University; Uppsala SE-752 36 Sweden
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11
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Mattila ALK, Duplouy A, Kirjokangas M, Lehtonen R, Rastas P, Hanski I. High genetic load in an old isolated butterfly population. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E2496-505. [PMID: 22908265 PMCID: PMC3443129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205789109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated inbreeding depression and genetic load in a small (N(e) ∼ 100) population of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia), which has been completely isolated on a small island [Pikku Tytärsaari (PT)] in the Baltic Sea for at least 75 y. As a reference, we studied conspecific populations from the well-studied metapopulation in the Åland Islands (ÅL), 400 km away. A large population in Saaremaa, Estonia, was used as a reference for estimating genetic diversity and N(e). We investigated 58 traits related to behavior, development, morphology, reproductive performance, and metabolism. The PT population exhibited high genetic load (L = 1 - W(PT)/W(ÅL)) in a range of fitness-related traits including adult weight (L = 0.12), flight metabolic rate (L = 0.53), egg viability (L = 0.37), and lifetime production of eggs in an outdoor population cage (L = 0.70). These results imply extensive fixation of deleterious recessive mutations, supported by greatly reduced diversity in microsatellite markers and immediate recovery (heterosis) of egg viability and flight metabolic rate in crosses with other populations. There was no significant inbreeding depression in most traits due to one generation of full-sib mating. Resting metabolic rate was significantly elevated in PT males, which may be related to their short lifespan (L = 0.25). The demographic history and the effective size of the PT population place it in the part of the parameter space in which models predict mutation accumulation. This population exemplifies the increasingly common situation in fragmented landscapes, in which small and completely isolated populations are vulnerable to extinction due to high genetic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina L. K. Mattila
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Duplouy
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Malla Kirjokangas
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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FOX CW, XU J, WALLIN WG, CURTIS CL. Male inbreeding status affects female fitness in a seed-feeding beetle. J Evol Biol 2011; 25:29-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Agrawal
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
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14
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Rapid Evolution of Lifespan in a Novel Environment: Sex-Specific Responses and Underlying Genetic Architecture. Evol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-011-9116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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16
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Hughes KA. Mutation and the evolution of ageing: from biometrics to system genetics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 365:1273-9. [PMID: 20308103 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A notable success for evolutionary genetics during the past century was to generate a coherent, quantitative explanation for an apparent evolutionary paradox: the tendency for multicellular organisms to show declining fitness with age (senescence, often referred to simply as 'ageing'). This general theory is now widely accepted and explains most of the features of senescence that are observed in natural and laboratory populations, but specific instantiations of that theory have been more controversial. To date, most of the empirical tests of these models have relied on data generated from biometric experiments. Modern population genetics and genomics provide new, and probably more powerful, ways to test ideas that are still controversial more than half a century after the original theory was developed. System-genetic experiments have the potential to address both evolutionary and mechanistic questions about ageing by identifying causal loci and the genetic networks with which they interact. Both the biometrical approaches and the newer approaches are reviewed here, with an emphasis on the challenges and limitations that each method faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Hughes
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA.
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17
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Inbreeding-environment interactions for fitness: complex relationships between inbreeding depression and temperature stress in a seed-feeding beetle. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Bauerfeind SS, Perlick JE, Fischer K. Disentangling environmental effects on adult life span in a butterfly across the metamorphic boundary. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:805-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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