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Forsdyke DR. Speciation, natural selection, and networks: three historians versus theoretical population geneticists. Theory Biosci 2024; 143:1-26. [PMID: 38282046 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-024-00412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In 1913, the geneticist William Bateson called for a halt in studies of genetic phenomena until evolutionary fundamentals had been sufficiently addressed at the molecular level. Nevertheless, in the 1960s, the theoretical population geneticists celebrated a "modern synthesis" of the teachings of Mendel and Darwin, with an exclusive role for natural selection in speciation. This was supported, albeit with minor reservations, by historians Mark Adams and William Provine, who taught it to generations of students. In subsequent decades, doubts were raised by molecular biologists and, despite the deep influence of various mentors, Adams and Provine noted serious anomalies and began to question traditional "just-so-stories." They were joined in challenging the genetic orthodoxy by a scientist-historian, Donald Forsdyke, who suggested that a "collective variation" postulated by Darwin's young research associate, George Romanes, and a mysterious "residue" postulated by Bateson, might relate to differences in short runs of DNA bases (oligonucleotides). The dispute between a small network of historians and a large network of geneticists can be understood in the context of national politics. Contrasts are drawn between democracies, where capturing the narrative makes reversal difficult, and dictatorships, where overthrow of a supportive dictator can result in rapid reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Forsdyke
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
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Bartoš O, Röslein J, Kotusz J, Paces J, Pekárik L, Petrtýl M, Halačka K, Štefková Kašparová E, Mendel J, Boroń A, Juchno D, Leska A, Jablonska O, Benes V, Šídová M, Janko K. The Legacy of Sexual Ancestors in Phenotypic Variability, Gene Expression, and Homoeolog Regulation of Asexual Hybrids and Polyploids. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 36:1902-1920. [PMID: 31077330 PMCID: PMC6735777 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and polyploidization are important evolutionary processes whose impacts range from the alteration of gene expression and phenotypic variation to the triggering of asexual reproduction. We investigated fishes of the Cobitis taenia-elongatoides hybrid complex, which allowed us to disentangle the direct effects of both processes, due to the co-occurrence of parental species with their diploid and triploid hybrids. Employing morphological, ecological, and RNAseq approaches, we investigated the molecular determinants of hybrid and polyploid forms. In contrast with other studies, hybridization and polyploidy induced relatively very little transgressivity. Instead, Cobitis hybrids appeared intermediate with a clear effect of genomic dosing when triploids expressed higher similarity to the parent contributing two genome sets. This dosage effect was symmetric in the germline (oocyte gene expression), interestingly though, we observed an overall bias toward C. taenia in somatic tissues and traits. At the level of individual genes, expression-level dominance vastly prevailed over additivity or transgressivity. Also, trans-regulation of gene expression was less efficient in diploid hybrids than in triploids, where the expression modulation of homoeologs derived from the "haploid" parent was stronger than those derived from the "diploid" parent. Our findings suggest that the apparent intermediacy of hybrid phenotypes results from the combination of individual genes with dominant expression rather than from simple additivity. The efficiency of cross-talk between trans-regulatory elements further appears dosage dependent. Important effects of polyploidization may thus stem from changes in relative concentrations of trans-regulatory elements and their binding sites between hybridizing genomes. Links between gene regulation and asexuality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Bartoš
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Röslein
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotusz
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Paces
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Pekárik
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Miloslav Petrtýl
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Halačka
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Štefková Kašparová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mendel
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alicja Boroń
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Juchno
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Leska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Olga Jablonska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Šídová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Janko
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Forsdyke DR. When acting as a reproductive barrier for sympatric speciation, hybrid sterility can only be primary. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal gametes unite to form a zygote that develops into an adult with gonads that, in turn, produce gametes. Interruption of this germinal cycle by prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive barriers can result in two cycles, each with the potential to evolve into a new species. When the speciation process is complete, members of each species are fully reproductively isolated from those of the other. During speciation a primary barrier may be supported and eventually superceded by a later-appearing secondary barrier. For those holding certain cases of prezygotic isolation to be primary (e.g. elephant cannot copulate with mouse), the onus is to show that they had not been preceded over evolutionary time by periods of postzygotic hybrid inviability (genically determined) or sterility (genically or chromosomally determined). Likewise, the onus is upon those holding cases of hybrid inviability to be primary (e.g. Dobzhansky–Muller epistatic incompatibilities) to show that they had not been preceded by periods, however brief, of hybrid sterility. The latter, when acting as a sympatric barrier causing reproductive isolation, can only be primary. In many cases, hybrid sterility may result from incompatibilities between parental chromosomes that attempt to pair during meiosis in the gonad of their offspring (Winge-Crowther-Bateson incompatibilities). While such incompatibilities have long been observed on a microscopic scale, there is growing evidence for a role of dispersed finer DNA sequence differences (i.e. in base k-mers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Forsdyke
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
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Macholán M, Baird SJE, Dufková P, Munclinger P, Bímová BV, Piálek J. ASSESSING MULTILOCUS INTROGRESSION PATTERNS: A CASE STUDY ON THE MOUSE X CHROMOSOME IN CENTRAL EUROPE. Evolution 2011; 65:1428-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Macholán
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- E‐mail:
| | | | - Petra Dufková
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Munclinger
- Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vošlajerová Bímová
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Piálek
- Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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