1
|
Ben-Hamo O, Izhaki I, Ben-Shlomo R, Rinkevich B. The novel Orshina Rhythm in a colonial urochordate signifies the display of recurrent aging/rejuvenation sequels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9788. [PMID: 37328698 PMCID: PMC10276000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
When it comes to aging, some colonial invertebrates present disparate patterns from the customary aging phenomenon in unitary organisms, where a single senescence phenomenon along ontogeny culminates in their inevitable deaths. Here we studied aging processes in 81 colonies of the marine urochordate Botryllus schlosseri each followed from birth to death (over 720 days). The colonies were divided between three life history strategies, each distinct from the others based on the presence/absence of colonial fission: NF (no fission), FA (fission develops after the colony reaches maximal size), and FB (fission develops before the colony reaches maximal size). The study revealed recurring patterns in sexual reproductive statuses (hermaphroditism and male-only settings), colonial vigor, and size. These recurring patterns, collectively referred to as an Orshina, with one or more 'astogenic segments' on the genotype level. The combination of these segments forms the Orshina rhythm. Each Orshina segment lasts about three months (equivalent to 13 blastogenic cycles), and concludes with either the colonial death or rejuvenation, and is manipulated by absence/existing of fission events in NF/FA/FB strategies. These findings indicate that reproduction, life span, death, rejuvenation and fission events are important scheduled biological components in the constructed Orshina rhythm, a novel aging phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshrat Ben-Hamo
- National Institute of Oceanography, Tel Shikmona, P.O. Box 9753, 3109701, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Ben-Shlomo
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa - Oranim, 36006, Tivon, Israel.
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- National Institute of Oceanography, Tel Shikmona, P.O. Box 9753, 3109701, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olsson M, Bererhi B, Miller E, Schwartz T, Rollings N, Lindsay W, Wapstra E. Inbreeding effects on telomeres in hatchling sand lizards (Lacerta agilis): An optimal family affair? Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6605-6616. [PMID: 36208022 PMCID: PMC10092626 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleotide-protein caps, predominantly at the ends of Metazoan linear chromosomes, showing complex dynamics with regard to their lengthening and shortening through life. Their complexity has entertained the idea that net telomere length and attrition could be valuable biomarkers of phenotypic and genetic quality of their bearer. Intuitively, those individuals could be more heterozygous and, hence, less inbred. However, some inbred taxa have longer, not shorter, telomeres. To understand the role of inbreeding in this complex scenario we need large samples across a range of genotypes with known maternity and paternity in telomere-screened organisms under natural conditions. We assessed the effects of parental and hatchling inbreeding on telomere length in >1300 offspring from >500 sires and dams in a population of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). Maternal and paternal ID and their interactions predict hatchling telomere length at substantial effect sizes (R2 > .50). Deviation from mean maternal heterozygosity statistically predicts shorter offspring telomeres but this only when sibship is controlled for by paternal ID, and then is still limited (R2 = .06). Raw maternal heterozygosity scores, ignoring absolute deviation from the mean, explained 0.07% of the variance in hatchling telomere length. In conclusion, inbreeding is not a driver of telomere dynamics in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) study system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Badreddine Bererhi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily Miller
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tonia Schwartz
- Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicky Rollings
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Willow Lindsay
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rinkevich B, Ballarin L, Martinez P, Somorjai I, Ben-Hamo O, Borisenko I, Berezikov E, Ereskovsky A, Gazave E, Khnykin D, Manni L, Petukhova O, Rosner A, Röttinger E, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Tiozzo S, Hobmayer B. A pan-metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:299-325. [PMID: 34617397 PMCID: PMC9292022 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) in vertebrates and model invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) are typically long‐lived, lineage‐restricted, clonogenic and quiescent cells with somatic descendants and tissue/organ‐restricted activities. Such ASCs are mostly rare, morphologically undifferentiated, and undergo asymmetric cell division. Characterized by ‘stemness’ gene expression, they can regulate tissue/organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration. By contrast, analysis of other animal phyla shows that ASCs emerge at different life stages, present both differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes, and may possess amoeboid movement. Usually pluri/totipotent, they may express germ‐cell markers, but often lack germ‐line sequestering, and typically do not reside in discrete niches. ASCs may constitute up to 40% of animal cells, and participate in a range of biological phenomena, from whole‐body regeneration, dormancy, and agametic asexual reproduction, to indeterminate growth. They are considered legitimate units of selection. Conceptualizing this divergence, we present an alternative stemness metaphor to the Waddington landscape: the ‘wobbling Penrose’ landscape. Here, totipotent ASCs adopt ascending/descending courses of an ‘Escherian stairwell’, in a lifelong totipotency pathway. ASCs may also travel along lower stemness echelons to reach fully differentiated states. However, from any starting state, cells can change their stemness status, underscoring their dynamic cellular potencies. Thus, vertebrate ASCs may reflect just one metazoan ASC archetype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Ildiko Somorjai
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Oshrat Ben-Hamo
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Ilya Borisenko
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Vavilova, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Eve Gazave
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Bygg 19, Gaustad Sykehus, Sognsvannsveien 21, Oslo, 0188, Norway
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Olga Petukhova
- Collection of Vertebrate Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Eric Röttinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources (IFR MARRES), 28 Avenue de Valrose, Nice, 06103, France
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Tiozzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villefranche sur Mer, Cedex, France
| | - Bert Hobmayer
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr, Innsbruck, 256020, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pérez-Portela R, Garcia-Cisneros A, Campos-Canet M, Palacín C. Genetic homogeneity, lack of larvae recruitment, and clonality in absence of females across western Mediterranean populations of the starfish Coscinasterias tenuispina. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16819. [PMID: 34413402 PMCID: PMC8376918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We here analysed the populations' genetic structure of Coscinasterias tenuispina, an Atlantic-Mediterranean fissiparous starfish, focusing on the western Mediterranean, to investigate: the distribution and prevalence of genetic variants, the relative importance of asexual reproduction, connectivity across the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition, and the potential recent colonisation of the Mediterranean Sea. Individuals from 11 Atlantic-Mediterranean populations of a previous study added to 172 new samples from five new W Mediterranean sites. Individuals were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and their gonads histologically analysed for sex determination. Additionally, four populations were genotyped at two-time points. Results demonstrated genetic homogeneity and low clonal richness within the W Mediterranean, due to the dominance of a superclone, but large genetic divergence with adjacent areas. The lack of new genotypes recruitment over time, and the absence of females, confirmed that W Mediterranean populations were exclusively maintained by fission and reinforced the idea of its recent colonization. The existence of different environmental conditions among basins and/or density-depend processes could explain this lack of recruitment from distant areas. The positive correlation between clonal richness and heterozygote excess suggests that most genetic diversity is retained within individuals in the form of heterozygosity in clonal populations, which might increase their resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Pérez-Portela
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Garcia-Cisneros
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Campos-Canet
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Creu Palacín
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Foley NM, Petit EJ, Brazier T, Finarelli JA, Hughes GM, Touzalin F, Puechmaille SJ, Teeling EC. Drivers of longitudinal telomere dynamics in a long‐lived bat species,
Myotis myotis. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2963-2977. [PMID: 32105386 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Foley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Eric J. Petit
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health Agrocampus Ouest INRAE Rennes France
| | - Thomas Brazier
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health Agrocampus Ouest INRAE Rennes France
| | - John A. Finarelli
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Graham M. Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Frédéric Touzalin
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Sébastien J. Puechmaille
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Zoological Institute and Museum University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
- ISEM Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Emma C. Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science Science Centre West University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leria L, Vila-Farré M, Álvarez-Presas M, Sánchez-Gracia A, Rozas J, Sluys R, Riutort M. Cryptic species delineation in freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): Extreme intraindividual genetic diversity, morphological stasis, and karyological variability. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 143:106496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
7
|
Olsson M, Wapstra E, Friesen C. Ectothermic telomeres: it's time they came in from the cold. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2016.0449. [PMID: 29335373 PMCID: PMC5784069 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the evolutionary ecology and genetics of telomeres in taxa that cannot elevate their body temperature to a preferred level through metabolism but do so by basking or seeking out a warm environment. This group of organisms contains all living things on earth, apart from birds and mammals. One reason for our interest in this synthetic group is the argument that high, stable body temperature increases the risk of malignant tumours if long, telomerase-restored telomeres make cells 'live forever'. If this holds true, ectotherms should have significantly lower cancer frequencies. We discuss to what degree there is support for this 'anti-cancer' hypothesis in the current literature. Importantly, we suggest that ectothermic taxa, with variation in somatic telomerase expression across tissue and taxa, may hold the key to understanding ongoing selection and evolution of telomerase dynamics in the wild. We further review endotherm-specific effects of growth on telomeres, effects of autotomy ('tail dropping') on telomere attrition, and costs of maintaining sexual displays measured in telomere attrition. Finally, we cover plant ectotherm telomeres and life histories in a separate 'mini review'.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christopher Friesen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Bldg A08, Science Road, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garcia-Cisneros A, Palacín C, Ventura CRR, Feital B, Paiva PC, Pérez-Portela R. Intraspecific genetic structure, divergence and high rates of clonality in an amphi-Atlantic starfish. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:752-772. [PMID: 29218784 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific genetic diversity and divergence have a large influence on the adaption and evolutionary potential of species. The widely distributed starfish, Coscinasterias tenuispina, combines sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction via fission. Here we analyse the phylogeography of this starfish to reveal historical and contemporary processes driving its intraspecific genetic divergence. We further consider whether asexual reproduction is the most important method of propagation throughout the distribution range of this species. Our study included 326 individuals from 16 populations, covering most of the species' distribution range. A total of 12 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were analysed. COI and microsatellites were clustered in two isolated lineages: one found along the southwestern Atlantic and the other along the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. This suggests the existence of two different evolutionary units. Marine barriers along the European coast would be responsible for population clustering: the Almeria-Oran Front that limits the entrance of migrants from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, and the Siculo-Tunisian strait that divides the two Mediterranean basins. The presence of identical genotypes was detected in all populations, although two monoclonal populations were found in two sites where annual mean temperatures and minimum values were the lowest. Our results based on microsatellite loci showed that intrapopulation genetic diversity was significantly affected by clonality whereas it had lower effect for the global phylogeography of the species, although still some impact on populations' genetic divergence could be observed between some populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Garcia-Cisneros
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accès a la Cala Sant Francesc, Girona, Spain
| | - Creu Palacín
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Renato Rezende Ventura
- Invertebrate Department, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara Feital
- Invertebrate Department, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Zoology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Paiva
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rocío Pérez-Portela
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accès a la Cala Sant Francesc, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|