1
|
Rehman AU, Iso-Touru T, Junkers J, Rantanen M, Karhu S, Fischer D, Alsheikh M, Hjeltnes SH, Mezzetti B, Davik J, Schulman AH, Hytönen T, Haikonen T. Multi-model GWAS reveals key loci for horticultural traits in reconstructed garden strawberry. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14440. [PMID: 39030778 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The cultivated garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) has a rich history, originating from the hybridization of two wild octoploid strawberry species in the 18th century. Two-step reconstruction of Fragaria × ananassa through controlled crossings between pre-improved selections of its parental species is a promising approach for enriching the breeding germplasm of strawberry for wider adaptability. We created a population of reconstructed strawberry by hybridizing elite selections of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis. A replicated field experiment was conducted to evaluate the population's performance for eleven horticulturally important traits, over multiple years. Population structure analyses based on Fana-50 k SNP array data confirmed pedigree-based grouping of the progenies into four distinct groups. As complex traits are often influenced by environmental variables, and population structure can lead to spurious associations, we tested multiple genome-wide association study (GWAS) models. GWAS uncovered 39 quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for eight traits distributed across twenty chromosomes, including 11 consistent and 28 putative QTLs. Candidate genes for traits including winter survival, flowering time, runnering vigor, and hermaphrodism were identified within the QTL regions. To our knowledge, this study marks the first comprehensive investigation of adaptive and horticultural traits in a large, multi-familial reconstructed strawberry population using SNP markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attiq Ur Rehman
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland
- Doctoral Program in Plant Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jakob Junkers
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Saila Karhu
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland
| | | | - Muath Alsheikh
- Graminor AS, Norway
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jahn Davik
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Alan H Schulman
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Haikonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Toivainen T, Mackenzie K, Yakovlev I, Krokene P, Hytönen T, Grini PE, Fossdal CG. Methylome, transcriptome, and phenotype changes induced by temperature conditions experienced during sexual reproduction in Fragaria vesca. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13963. [PMID: 37340851 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Temperature conditions experienced during embryogenesis and seed development may induce epigenetic changes that increase phenotypic variation in plants. Here we investigate if embryogenesis and seed development at two different temperatures (28 vs. 18°C) result in lasting phenotypic effects and DNA methylation changes in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Using five European ecotypes from Spain (ES12), Iceland (ICE2), Italy (IT4), and Norway (NOR2 and NOR29), we found statistically significant differences between plants from seeds produced at 18 or 28°C in three of four phenotypic features investigated under common garden conditions. This indicates the establishment of a temperature-induced epigenetic memory-like response during embryogenesis and seed development. The memory effect was significant in two ecotypes: in NOR2 flowering time, number of growth points and petiole length were affected, and in ES12 number of growth points was affected. This indicates that genetic differences between ecotypes in their epigenetic machinery, or other allelic differences, impact this type of plasticity. We observed statistically significant differences between ecotypes in DNA methylation marks in repetitive elements, pseudogenes, and genic elements. Leaf transcriptomes were also affected by embryonic temperature in an ecotype-specific manner. Although we observed significant and lasting phenotypic change in at least some ecotypes, there was considerable variation in DNA methylation between individual plants within each temperature treatment. This within-treatment variability in DNA methylation marks in F. vesca progeny may partly be a result of allelic redistribution from recombination during meiosis and subsequent epigenetic reprogramming during embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- EVOGENE, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuomas Toivainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kathryn Mackenzie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Igor Yakovlev
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Paal Krokene
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul E Grini
- EVOGENE, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl Gunnar Fossdal
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Liu X, Chang X, Chen F, Lin Z, Zhang L. Large-scale analyses of angiosperm Flowering Locus T genes reveal duplication and functional divergence in monocots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1039500. [PMID: 36684773 PMCID: PMC9847362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) are well-known key genes for initiating flowering in plants. Delineating the evolutionary history and functional diversity of FT genes is important for understanding the diversification of flowering time and how plants adapt to the changing surroundings. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of FT genes in 47 sequenced flowering plants and the 1,000 Plant Transcriptomes (1KP) database with a focus on monocots, especially cereals. We revealed the evolutionary history of FT genes. The FT genes in monocots can be divided into three clades (I, II, and III), whereas only one monophyletic group was detected in early angiosperms, magnoliids, and eudicots. Multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD) events followed by gene retention contributed to the expansion and variation of FT genes in monocots. Amino acid sites in the clade II and III genes were preferentially under high positive selection, and some sites located in vital domain regions are known to change functions when mutated. Clade II and clade III genes exhibited high variability in important regions and functional divergence compared with clade I genes; thus, clade I is more conserved than clade II and III. Genes in clade I displayed higher expression levels in studied organs and tissues than the clade II and III genes. The co-expression modules showed that some of the FT genes might have experienced neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization, such as the acquisition of environmental resistance. Overall, FT genes in monocots might form three clades by the ancient gene duplication, and each clade was subsequently subjected to different selection pressures and amino acid substitutions, which eventually led to different expression patterns and functional diversification. Our study provides a global picture of FT genes' evolution in monocots, paving a road for investigating FT genes' function in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Liu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Chang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenguo Lin
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andrés J, Caruana J, Liang J, Samad S, Monfort A, Liu Z, Hytönen T, Koskela EA. Woodland strawberry axillary bud fate is dictated by a crosstalk of environmental and endogenous factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1221-1234. [PMID: 34618090 PMCID: PMC8567079 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is defined by fates and positions of meristematic tissues and has direct consequences on yield potential and environmental adaptation of the plant. In strawberries (Fragaria vesca L. and F. × ananassa Duch.), shoot apical meristems can remain vegetative or differentiate into a terminal inflorescence meristem. Strawberry axillary buds (AXBs) are located in leaf axils and can either remain dormant or follow one of the two possible developmental fates. AXBs can either develop into stolons needed for clonal reproduction or into branch crowns (BCs) that can bear their own terminal inflorescences under favorable conditions. Although AXB fate has direct consequences on yield potential and vegetative propagation of strawberries, the regulation of AXB fate has so far remained obscure. We subjected a number of woodland strawberry (F. vesca L.) natural accessions and transgenic genotypes to different environmental conditions and growth regulator treatments to demonstrate that strawberry AXB fate is regulated either by environmental or endogenous factors, depending on the AXB position on the plant. We confirm that the F. vesca GIBBERELLIN20-oxidase4 (FvGA20ox4) gene is indispensable for stolon development and under tight environmental regulation. Moreover, our data show that apical dominance inhibits the outgrowth of the youngest AXB as BCs, although the effect of apical dominance can be overrun by the activity of FvGA20ox4. Finally, we demonstrate that the FvGA20ox4 is photoperiodically regulated via FvSOC1 (F. vesca SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1) at 18°C, but at higher temperature of 22°C an unidentified FvSOC1-independent pathway promotes stolon development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Andrés
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julie Caruana
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, Maryland 20742, USA
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Samia Samad
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp SE-230 53, Sweden
| | - Amparo Monfort
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland
- NIAB East Malling Research, West Malling, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Elli A Koskela
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gaston A, Potier A, Alonso M, Sabbadini S, Delmas F, Tenreira T, Cochetel N, Labadie M, Prévost P, Folta KM, Mezzetti B, Hernould M, Rothan C, Denoyes B. The FveFT2 florigen/FveTFL1 antiflorigen balance is critical for the control of seasonal flowering in strawberry while FveFT3 modulates axillary meristem fate and yield. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:372-387. [PMID: 34131919 PMCID: PMC8519138 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is central in determining crop yield. In the short-day species strawberry, a crop vegetatively propagated by daughter-plants produced by stolons, fruit yield is further dependent on the trade-off between sexual reproduction (fruits) and asexual reproduction (daughter-plants). Both are largely dependent on meristem identity, which establishes the development of branches, stolons and inflorescences. Floral initiation and plant architecture are modulated by the balance between two related proteins, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1). We explored in woodland strawberry the role of the uncharacterised FveFT2 and FveFT3 genes and of the floral repressor FveTFL1 through gene expression analyses, grafting and genetic transformation (overexpression and gene editing). We demonstrate the unusual properties of these genes. FveFT2 is a nonphotoperiodic florigen permitting short-day (SD) flowering and FveTFL1 is the long-hypothesised long-day systemic antiflorigen that contributes, together with FveFT2, to the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. We additionally show that FveFT3 is not a florigen but promotes plant branching when overexpressed, that is likely to be through changing axillary meristem fate, therefore resulting in a 3.5-fold increase in fruit yield at the expense of stolons. We show that our findings can be translated into improvement of cultivated strawberry in which FveFT2 overexpression significantly accelerates flowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amèlia Gaston
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Aline Potier
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Marie Alonso
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesMarche Polytechnic UniversityAncona60131Italy
| | - Frédéric Delmas
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Tracey Tenreira
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Noé Cochetel
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Marc Labadie
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Pierre Prévost
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesMarche Polytechnic UniversityAncona60131Italy
| | - Michel Hernould
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Béatrice Denoyes
- Biologie du Fruit et PathologieUMR 1332Université BordeauxINRAEVillenave d’OrnonF‐33140France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo L, Plunkert M, Luo X, Liu Z. Developmental regulation of stolon and rhizome. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101970. [PMID: 33296747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stolons and rhizomes are modified stems for vegetative reproduction. While stolons grow above the ground, rhizomes grow beneath the ground. Stolons and rhizomes maintain the genotypes of hybrids and hence are invaluable for agricultural propagation. Diploid strawberry is a model for studying stolon development. At the axillary meristems, gibberellins and MADS box gene SOC1 promote stolon formation, while the DELLA repressor inhibits stolon development. Photoperiod regulates stolon formation through regulating GA biosynthesis or balancing asexual with sexual mode of reproduction in the axillary meristems. In rhizomatous wild rice, the BLADE-ON-PETIOLE gene promotes sheath-to-blade ratio to confer rhizome tip stiffness and support underground growth. Together, this review aims to encourage further investigations into stolon and rhizome to benefit agriculture and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Madison Plunkert
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Whitaker VM, Knapp SJ, Hardigan MA, Edger PP, Slovin JP, Bassil NV, Hytönen T, Mackenzie KK, Lee S, Jung S, Main D, Barbey CR, Verma S. A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 32194969 PMCID: PMC7072068 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an allo-octoploid species, originating nearly 300 years ago from wild progenitors from the Americas. Since that time the strawberry has become the most widely cultivated fruit crop in the world, universally appealing due to its sensory qualities and health benefits. The recent publication of the first high-quality chromosome-scale octoploid strawberry genome (cv. Camarosa) is enabling rapid advances in genetics, stimulating scientific debate and provoking new research questions. In this forward-looking review we propose avenues of research toward new biological insights and applications to agriculture. Among these are the origins of the genome, characterization of genetic variants, and big data approaches to breeding. Key areas of research in molecular biology will include the control of flowering, fruit development, fruit quality, and plant-pathogen interactions. In order to realize this potential as a global community, investments in genome resources must be continually augmented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vance M Whitaker
- 1University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, Florida 33598 USA
| | - Steven J Knapp
- 2Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Michael A Hardigan
- 2Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- 3Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Janet P Slovin
- USDA-ARS Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville, MA 20705 USA
| | - Nahla V Bassil
- 5USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA
| | - Timo Hytönen
- 6Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790 Finland
- 7Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790 Finland
- NIAB EMR, Kent, ME19 6BJ UK
| | - Kathryn K Mackenzie
- 6Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790 Finland
| | - Seonghee Lee
- 1University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, Florida 33598 USA
| | - Sook Jung
- 9Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Dorrie Main
- 9Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Christopher R Barbey
- 1University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, Florida 33598 USA
| | - Sujeet Verma
- 1University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, Florida 33598 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaston A, Osorio S, Denoyes B, Rothan C. Applying the Solanaceae Strategies to Strawberry Crop Improvement. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:130-140. [PMID: 31699520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry is a fruit crop species of major horticultural importance, for which fruit quality and the control of flowering (for fruit yield), runnering (for vegetative propagation), and the trade-off between the two are main breeding targets. The octoploid cultivated strawberry has a limited genetic basis. This raises the question of how to identify important gene targets and successfully exploit them for strawberry improvement. In this Opinion article we propose to apply to woodland strawberry, a wild diploid species displaying wide diversity, the strategies successfully employed in recent years for the identification of genetic variations underlying fruit quality and fruit yield traits in solanaceous crops (tomato, potato). Next we propose to use gene editing technologies to translate the findings to cultivated strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Gaston
- INRA and University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', University of Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Béatrice Denoyes
- INRA and University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Christophe Rothan
- INRA and University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu N, Zhang M, Xiao Y, Han D, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yi F, Zhu T, Ma W, Fan E, Qu G, Wang J. Construction of a high-density genetic map and QTL mapping of leaf traits and plant growth in an interspecific F 1 population of Catalpa bungei × Catalpa duclouxii Dode. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:596. [PMID: 31888555 PMCID: PMC6937828 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catalpa bungei is an important tree species used for timber in China and widely cultivated for economic and ornamental purposes. A high-density linkage map of C. bungei would be an efficient tool not only for identifying key quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect important traits, such as plant growth and leaf traits, but also for other genetic studies. RESULTS Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to identify molecular markers and construct a genetic map. Approximately 280.77 Gb of clean data were obtained after sequencing, and in total, 25,614,295 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2,871,647 insertions-deletions (InDels) were initially identified in the genomes of 200 individuals of a C. bungei (7080) × Catalpa duclouxii (16-PJ-3) F1 population and their parents. Finally, 9072 SNP and 521 InDel markers that satisfied the requirements for constructing a genetic map were obtained. The integrated genetic map contained 9593 pleomorphic markers in 20 linkage groups and spanned 3151.63 cM, with an average distance between adjacent markers of 0.32 cM. Twenty QTLs for seven leaf traits and 13 QTLs for plant height at five successive time points were identified using our genetic map by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). Q16-60 was identified as a QTL for five leaf traits, and three significant QTLs (Q9-1, Q18-66 and Q18-73) associated with plant growth were detected at least twice. Genome annotation suggested that a cyclin gene participates in leaf trait development, while the growth of C. bungei may be influenced by CDC48C and genes associated with phytohormone synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first genetic map constructed in C. bungei and will be a useful tool for further genetic study, molecular marker-assisted breeding and genome assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghua Han
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| | - Erqin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jibran R, Spencer J, Fernandez G, Monfort A, Mnejja M, Dzierzon H, Tahir J, Davies K, Chagné D, Foster TM. Two Loci, RiAF3 and RiAF4, Contribute to the Annual-Fruiting Trait in Rubus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1341. [PMID: 31708950 PMCID: PMC6824294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Most Rubus species have a biennial cycle of flowering and fruiting with an intervening period of winter dormancy, in common with many perennial fruit crops. Annual-fruiting (AF) varieties of raspberry (Rubus idaeus and Rubus occidentalis L.) and blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) are able to flower and fruit in one growing season, without the intervening dormant period normally required in biennial-fruiting (BF) varieties. We used a red raspberry (R. idaeus) population segregating for AF obtained from a cross between NC493 and 'Chilliwack' to identify genetic factors controlling AF. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to generate saturated linkage maps in both parents. Trait mapping in this population indicated that AF is controlled by two newly identified loci (RiAF3 and RiAF4) located on Rubus linkage groups (LGs) 3 and 4. The location of these loci was analyzed using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on independent red raspberry and blackberry populations segregating for the AF trait. This confirmed that AF in Rubus is regulated by loci on LG 3 and 4, in addition to a previously reported locus on LG 7. Comparative RNAseq analysis at the time of floral bud differentiation in an AF and a BF variety revealed candidate genes potentially regulating the trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Spencer
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Gina Fernandez
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Amparo Monfort
- IRTA (Institut de Recerca I Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mourad Mnejja
- IRTA (Institut de Recerca I Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helge Dzierzon
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jibran Tahir
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Toshi M. Foster
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
High density linkage map construction and QTL mapping for runner production in allo-octoploid strawberry Fragaria × ananassa based on ddRAD-seq derived SNPs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3275. [PMID: 30824841 PMCID: PMC6397268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput genome sequencing technologies are now making the genetic dissection of the complex genome of cultivated strawberry easier. We sequenced Maehyang (short-day cultivar) × Albion (day-neutral cultivar) crossing populations using double digest restriction-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing technique that yielded 978,968 reads, 80.2% of which were aligned to strawberry genome allowing the identification of 13,181 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Total 3051 SNPs showed Mendelian segregation in F1, of which 1268 were successfully mapped to 46 linkage groups (LG) spanning a total of 2581.57 cM with an average interval genetic distance of 2.22 cM. The LGs were assigned to the 28 chromosomes of Fragaria × ananassa as determined by positioning the sequence tags on F. vesca genome. In addition, seven QTLs namely, qRU-5D, qRU-3D1, qRU-1D2, qRU-4D, qRU-4C, qRU-5C and qRU-2D2 were identified for runner production with LOD value ranging from 3.5–7.24 that explained 22–38% of phenotypic variation. The key candidate genes having putative roles in meristem differentiation for runnering and flowering within these QTL regions were identified. These will enhance our understanding of the vegetative vs sexual reproductive behavior in strawberry and will aid in setting breeding targets for developing perpetual flowering and profuse runnering cultivar.
Collapse
|
12
|
Du J, Lv Y, Xiong J, Ge C, Iqbal S, Qiao Y. Identifying Genome-Wide Sequence Variations and Candidate Genes Implicated in Self-Incompatibility by Resequencing Fragaria viridis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1039. [PMID: 30818833 PMCID: PMC6429439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is clear that the incompatibility system in Fragaria is gametophytic, however, the genetic mechanism behind this remains elusive. Eleven second-generation lines of Fragaria viridis with different compatibility were obtained by manual self-pollination, which can be displayed directly by the level of fruit-set rate. We sequenced two second-generation selfing lines with large differences in fruit-set rate: Ls-S₂-53 as a self-incompatible sequencing sample, and Ls-S₂-76 as a strong self-compatible sequencing sample. Fragaria vesca was used as a completely self-compatible reference sample, and the genome-wide variations were identified and subsequently annotated. The distribution of polymorphisms is similar on each chromosome between the two sequencing samples, however, the distribution regions and the number of homozygous variations are inconsistent. Expression pattern analysis showed that six candidate genes were significantly associated with self-incompatibility. Using F. vesca as a reference, we focused our attention on the gene FIP2-like (FH protein interacting protein), associated with actin cytoskeleton formation, as the resulting proteins in Ls-S₂-53 and Ls-S₂-76 have each lost a number of different amino acids. Suppression of FIP2-like to some extent inhibits germination of pollen grains and growth of pollen tubes by reducing F-actin of the pollen tube tips. Our results suggest that the differential distribution of homozygous variations affects F. viridis fruit-set rate and that the fully encoded FIP2-like can function normally to promote F-actin formation, while the new FIP2-like proteins with shortened amino acid sequences have influenced the (in)compatibility of two selfing lines of F. viridis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Du
- Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Lv
- Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinsong Xiong
- Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunfeng Ge
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yushan Qiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li C, Yamagishi N, Kasajima I, Yoshikawa N. Virus-induced gene silencing and virus-induced flowering in strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) using apple latent spherical virus vectors. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:18. [PMID: 30729008 PMCID: PMC6355769 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) vector is a convenient alternative to genetic transformation in horticultural plants, especially in species recalcitrant to genetic transformation. ALSV, an RNA virus, can infect a wide variety of plant species including major horticultural plants without inducing symptoms. Here, methodologies were developed for infection of ALSV vectors to strawberry seedlings and plantlets cultured in vitro. A seed-propagated F1 hybrid strawberry cultivar 'Yotsuboshi' was aseptically grown on half-strength Murashige-Skoog medium for 1 month and true leaves were inoculated with an ALSV RNA preparation by particle bombardment. ALSV vector infection rates varied from 58 to 100% according to the insertion sequences, in 'Yotsuboshi' seedlings. Plantlets ('Dover') propagated in vitro could also be infected with ALSV vector at a similar infection rate. For virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we prepared an ALSV vector carrying a 201 nucleotide segment of the strawberry phytoene desaturase gene. 'Yotsuboshi' and 'Dover' plants infected by this vector generated completely white leaves at fifth or sixth true leaves and above. For virus-induced flowering (VIF), we used an ALSV vector expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering locus T gene. Strawberry seedlings infected by this vector started to flower from about 2 months post inoculation and bore fruits with viable seeds. The ALSV vector was no longer detected in any of the seedlings from early-flowered strawberries. Thus, the ALSV vector may be beneficial for examination of gene functions by VIGS in strawberry, and VIF using ALSV vector constitutes an effective new plant breeding technique for the promotion of cross-breeding in strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Li
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 3-18-8, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Noriko Yamagishi
- Agri-Innovation Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka 3-18-8, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Ichiro Kasajima
- Agri-Innovation Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka 3-18-8, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 3-18-8, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
- Agri-Innovation Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka 3-18-8, Iwate, 020-8550 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Edger PP, VanBuren R, Colle M, Poorten TJ, Wai CM, Niederhuth CE, Alger EI, Ou S, Acharya CB, Wang J, Callow P, McKain MR, Shi J, Collier C, Xiong Z, Mower JP, Slovin JP, Hytönen T, Jiang N, Childs KL, Knapp SJ. Single-molecule sequencing and optical mapping yields an improved genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) with chromosome-scale contiguity. Gigascience 2018; 7:1-7. [PMID: 29253147 PMCID: PMC5801600 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although draft genomes are available for most agronomically important plant species, the majority are incomplete, highly fragmented, and often riddled with assembly and scaffolding errors. These assembly issues hinder advances in tool development for functional genomics and systems biology. Findings Here we utilized a robust, cost-effective approach to produce high-quality reference genomes. We report a near-complete genome of diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) using single-molecule real-time sequencing from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio). This assembly has a contig N50 length of ∼7.9 million base pairs (Mb), representing a ∼300-fold improvement of the previous version. The vast majority (>99.8%) of the assembly was anchored to 7 pseudomolecules using 2 sets of optical maps from Bionano Genomics. We obtained ∼24.96 Mb of sequence not present in the previous version of the F. vesca genome and produced an improved annotation that includes 1496 new genes. Comparative syntenic analyses uncovered numerous, large-scale scaffolding errors present in each chromosome in the previously published version of the F. vesca genome. Conclusions Our results highlight the need to improve existing short-read based reference genomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate how genome quality impacts commonly used analyses for addressing both fundamental and applied biological questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Marivi Colle
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Thomas J Poorten
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Chad E Niederhuth
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Elizabeth I Alger
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Shujun Ou
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Charlotte B Acharya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Pete Callow
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Michael R McKain
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Bionano Genomics, San Diego, California, 92121
| | | | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jeffrey P Mower
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588
| | - Janet P Slovin
- USDA/ARS, Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, and Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823.,Center for Genomics Enabled Plant Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823
| | - Steven J Knapp
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, 95616
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li W, Zhang J, Sun H, Wang S, Chen K, Liu Y, Li H, Ma Y, Zhang Z. FveRGA1, encoding a DELLA protein, negatively regulates runner production in Fragaria vesca. PLANTA 2018; 247:941-951. [PMID: 29288326 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
FveRGA1 was highly expressed in tender tissues such as young leaves and stem apices and was localized in the nucleus. RNAi silencing of FveRGA1 in non-runnering woodland strawberry produced many runners. FveRGA1 is thus a key gene controlling strawberry runner formation. The propagation of strawberry is mainly based on runners, while the genes controlling runner production have not been well characterized. Exogenous applications of optimum concentration gibberellins (GAs) promote runner formation in strawberry cultivation and GA can accelerate the degradation of DELLA proteins. To investigate whether DELLA proteins are responsible for runner production, we analyzed all the DELLA genes in Fragaria vesca and cloned a DELLA protein-encoding gene FveRGA1 in woodland strawberry using RT-PCR. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that FveRGA1 was localized in the nucleus. A transcription analysis suggested that FveRGA1 was expressed ubiquitously in all examined strawberry organs, especially in young leaves, petioles, and stem apices. RNA interference (RNAi) technology was carried out to investigate the function of FveRGA1 in woodland strawberry 'Yellow Wonder' (YW) and 'Ruegen' (RG) via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Interestingly, the RNAi silencing transgenic plants in the naturally non-runnering YW and RG strains produced many runners, suggesting FveRGA1 as a key gene controlling strawberry runner formation. Our study lays a solid basis for unraveling the detailed molecular mechanism of runner formation in strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongying Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shouming Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Keqin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuexue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - He Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kurokura T, Samad S, Koskela E, Mouhu K, Hytönen T. Fragaria vesca CONSTANS controls photoperiodic flowering and vegetative development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4839-4850. [PMID: 29048562 PMCID: PMC5853477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the external coincidence model, photoperiodic flowering occurs when CONSTANS (CO) mRNA expression coincides with light in the afternoon of long days (LDs), leading to the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). CO has evolved in Brassicaceae from other Group Ia CO-like (COL) proteins which do not control photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. COLs in other species have evolved different functions as floral activators or even as repressors. To understand photoperiodic development in the perennial rosaceous model species woodland strawberry, we functionally characterized FvCO, the only Group Ia COL in its genome. We demonstrate that FvCO has a major role in the photoperiodic control of flowering and vegetative reproduction through runners. FvCO is needed to generate a bimodal rhythm of FvFT1 which encodes a floral activator in the LD accession Hawaii-4: a sharp FvCO expression peak at dawn is followed by the FvFT1 morning peak in LDs indicating possible direct regulation, but additional factors that may include FvGI and FvFKF1 are probably needed to schedule the second FvFT1 peak around dusk. These results demonstrate that although FvCO and FvFT1 play major roles in photoperiodic development, the CO-based external coincidence around dusk is not fully applicable to the woodland strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kurokura
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, UK
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Samia Samad
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elli Koskela
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Mouhu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|