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Huang W, Liu H, Pan Y, Wang X, Yang H, Wang D, Lin J, Zhang H. A modified primary culture method of rat pulmonary vein smooth muscle cells. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:146. [PMID: 37069582 PMCID: PMC10111653 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pressure of pulmonary vein increases before pulmonary artery in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD), only a few studies have assessed pulmonary vein smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) because of the lack of a simple and feasible isolation method. METHODS In this study, we introduced a simple method to obtain PVSMCs. Primary pulmonary veins were removed by puncture needle cannula guidance. Then, PVSMCs were cultured by the tissue explant method and purified by the differential adhesion method. The cells were characterized by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence to observe the morphology and verify the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS The HE staining results showed that the pulmonary vein media was thinner than the pulmonary artery, the intima and adventitia of the pulmonary vein were removed by this method, and the obtained cells with good activity exhibited morphological characteristics of smooth muscle cells. In addition, higher α-SMA expression was observed in the cells obtained by our isolation method than in the traditional method. CONCLUSION This study established a simple and feasible method to isolate and culture PVSMCs that might facilitate the cytological experiments for PH-LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Huang
- Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
- Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350004, P.R. China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yichao Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Danjie Wang
- Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, P.R. China.
- Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, NO.29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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Satoh T, Wang L, Espinosa-Diez C, Wang B, Hahn SA, Noda K, Rochon ER, Dent MR, Levine A, Baust JJ, Wyman S, Wu YL, Triantafyllou GA, Tang Y, Reynolds M, Shiva S, St Hilaire C, Gomez D, Goncharov DA, Goncharova EA, Chan SY, Straub AC, Lai YC, McTiernan CF, Gladwin MT. Metabolic Syndrome Mediates ROS-miR-193b-NFYA-Dependent Downregulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase and Contributes to Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation 2021; 144:615-637. [PMID: 34157861 PMCID: PMC8384699 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction have metabolic syndrome and develop exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (EIPH). Increases in pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction portend a poor prognosis; this phenotype is referred to as combined precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH). Therapeutic trials for EIPH and CpcPH have been disappointing, suggesting the need for strategies that target upstream mechanisms of disease. This work reports novel rat EIPH models and mechanisms of pulmonary vascular dysfunction centered around the transcriptional repression of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) enzyme in pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells. METHODS We used obese ZSF-1 leptin-receptor knockout rats (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction model), obese ZSF-1 rats treated with SU5416 to stimulate resting pulmonary hypertension (obese+sugen, CpcPH model), and lean ZSF-1 rats (controls). Right and left ventricular hemodynamics were evaluated using implanted catheters during treadmill exercise. PA function was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging and myography. Overexpression of nuclear factor Y α subunit (NFYA), a transcriptional enhancer of sGC β1 subunit (sGCβ1), was performed by PA delivery of adeno-associated virus 6. Treatment groups received the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in drinking water. PA smooth muscle cells from rats and humans were cultured with palmitic acid, glucose, and insulin to induce metabolic stress. RESULTS Obese rats showed normal resting right ventricular systolic pressures, which significantly increased during exercise, modeling EIPH. Obese+sugen rats showed anatomic PA remodeling and developed elevated right ventricular systolic pressure at rest, which was exacerbated with exercise, modeling CpcPH. Myography and magnetic resonance imaging during dobutamine challenge revealed PA functional impairment of both obese groups. PAs of obese rats produced reactive oxygen species and decreased sGCβ1 expression. Mechanistically, cultured PA smooth muscle cells from obese rats and humans with diabetes or treated with palmitic acid, glucose, and insulin showed increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which enhanced miR-193b-dependent RNA degradation of nuclear factor Y α subunit (NFYA), resulting in decreased sGCβ1-cGMP signaling. Forced NYFA expression by adeno-associated virus 6 delivery increased sGCβ1 levels and improved exercise pulmonary hypertension in obese+sugen rats. Treatment of obese+sugen rats with empagliflozin improved metabolic syndrome, reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and miR-193b levels, restored NFYA/sGC activity, and prevented EIPH. CONCLUSIONS In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and CpcPH models, metabolic syndrome contributes to pulmonary vascular dysfunction and EIPH through enhanced reactive oxygen species and miR-193b expression, which downregulates NFYA-dependent sGCβ1 expression. Adeno-associated virus-mediated NFYA overexpression and SGLT2 inhibition restore NFYA-sGCβ1-cGMP signaling and ameliorate EIPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijyu Satoh
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Longfei Wang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cristina Espinosa-Diez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott A. Hahn
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kentaro Noda
- Division of Lung Transplant and Lung Failure, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Rochon
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew R. Dent
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Levine
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Baust
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Wyman
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core and Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen L. Wu
- Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core and Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Georgios A. Triantafyllou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mike Reynolds
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Delphine Gomez
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Charles F. McTiernan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Xu J, Wen X, Fu Z, Jiang Y, Hong W, Liu R, Li S, Cao W, Pu J, Huang L, Li B, Ran P, Peng G. Chronic hypoxia promoted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation through upregulated calcium-sensing receptorcanonical transient receptor potential 1/6 pathway. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12715. [PMID: 34008915 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although both calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins contribute to chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation, the relationship between CaSR and TRPC in hypoxic PASMCs proliferation remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to identify that CH promotes PASMCs proliferation through CaSR-TRPC pathway. METHODS Rat PASMCs were isolated and treated with CH. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting, CCK-8 assay, and EdU incorporation. CaSR and TRPC expressions were determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was assessed by extracellular Ca2+ restoration. RESULTS In PASMCs, CH enhanced the cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis, which is accompanied by upregulated expression of CaSR, TRPC1 and TRPC6. Negative CaSR modulators (NPS2143, NPS2390) inhibited, whereas positive modulators (spermine, R568) enhanced, the CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. Knockdown of CaSR by siRNA inhibited the CH-induced upregulation of TRPC1 and TRPC6 and enhancement of SOCE and attenuated the CH-induced enhancements of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. However, neither siTRPC1 nor siTRPC6 had an effect on the CH-induced CaSR upregulation, although both significantly attenuated the CH-induced enhancements of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that upregulated CaSR-TRPC1/6 pathway mediating PASMCs proliferation is an important pathogenic mechanism under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Department of Acupuncture, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu R, Xu J, Jiang Y, Hong W, Li S, Fu Z, Cao W, Li B, Ran P, Peng G. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induces pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells proliferation by upregulating calcium sensing receptor under hypoxic conditions. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:189-201. [PMID: 33927476 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, which exists in both pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vascular remodeling stems from excessive proliferation of pulmonary vascular myocytes. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a vital vascular regulator whose level increases in PH human lungs. Although the mechanisms by which pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells respond to PDGF-BB have been studied extensively, the effects of PDGF-BB on pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) remain unknown. We herein examined the involvement of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in PDGF-BB-induced PVSMCs proliferation under hypoxic conditions. In PVSMCs isolated from rat intrapulmonary veins, PDGF-BB increased the cell number and DNA synthesis under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, which was accompanied by upregulated CaSR expression. The influences of PDGF-BB on proliferation and CaSR expression in hypoxic PVSMCs were greater than that in normoxic PVSMCs. In hypoxic PVSMCs superfused with Ca2+-free solution, restoration of extracellular Ca2+ induced an increase of [Ca2+]i, which was significantly smaller than that in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs. The positive CaSR modulator spermine enhanced, whereas the negative CaSR modulator NPS2143 attenuated, the extracellular Ca2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs. Furthermore, the spermine enhanced, whereas the NPS2143 inhibited, PDGF-BB-induced proliferation in hypoxic PVSMCs. Silencing CaSR with siRNA attenuated the extracellular Ca2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced proliferation in hypoxic PVSMCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that CaSR mediating PDGF-BB-induced excessive PVSMCs proliferation is an important mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of PVSMCs proliferation under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Juan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxing Li
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Zhenli Fu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Weitao Cao
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
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5
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A novel function of calcium sensing receptor in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells proliferation. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:271-280. [PMID: 31853041 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH) causes remodeling not only in pulmonary arteries but also in pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vascular remodeling stems from increased pulmonary vascular myocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of CH-induced proliferation of pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which CH affects PVSMCs proliferation. PVSMCs were isolated from rat distal pulmonary veins and exposed to CH (4% O2 for 60 h). The expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) was determined by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting, CCK-8 assay, and BrdU incorporation. Apoptosis analysis was examined by flow cytometry. In rat distal PVSMCs, CH increased the cell number and cell viability and enhanced DNA synthesis, which is accompanied by upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of CaSR. Two negative CaSR modulators (NPS2143, NPS2390) not only attenuated CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also inhibited CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs, whereas two positive modulators (spermine, R568) not only amplified CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also intensified CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs. Silencing CaSR with siRNA similarly attenuated the CH-induced enhancement of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PVSMCs. Neither CH nor downregulation of CaSR with siRNA had an effect on apoptosis in PVSMCs. These results suggest that CaSR mediating excessive proliferation is a new pathogenic mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of distal PVSMCs proliferation under CH conditions.
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Le V, Lee J, Chaterji S, Spencer A, Liu YL, Kim P, Yeh HC, Kim DH, Baker AB. Syndecan-1 in mechanosensing of nanotopological cues in engineered materials. Biomaterials 2018; 155:13-24. [PMID: 29156422 PMCID: PMC5738284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the vascular system are highly sensitive to biophysical cues from their local cellular microenvironment. To engineer improved materials for vascular devices and delivery of cell therapies, a key challenge is to understand the mechanisms that cells use to sense biophysical cues from their environment. Syndecans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that consist of a protein core modified with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. Due to their presence on the cell surface and their interaction with cytoskeletal and focal adhesion associated molecules, cell surface proteoglycans are well poised to serve as mechanosensors of the cellular microenvironment. Nanotopological cues have become recognized as major regulators of cell growth, migration and phenotype. We hypothesized that syndecan-1 could serve as a mechanosensor for nanotopological cues and can mediate the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle cells to nanoengineered materials. We created engineered substrates made of polyurethane acrylate with nanogrooves using ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography. We cultured vascular smooth muscle cells with knockout of syndecan-1 on engineered substrates with varying compliance and nanotopology. We found that knockout of syndecan-1 reduced alignment of vascular smooth muscle cells to the nanogrooves under inflammatory treatments. In addition, we found that loss of syndecan-1 increased nuclear localization of Yap/Taz and phospho-Smad2/3 in response to nanogrooves. Syndecan-1 knockout vascular smooth muscle cells also had elevated levels of Rho-associated protein kinase-1 (Rock1), leading to increased cell stiffness and an enhanced contractile state in the cells. Together, our findings support that syndecan-1 knockout leads to alterations in mechanosensing of nanotopographical cues through alterations of in rho-associated signaling pathways, cell mechanics and mediators of the Hippo and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jason Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Somali Chaterji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adrianne Spencer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron B Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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7
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Du Y, Fu J, Yao L, Qiao L, Liu N, Xing Y, Xue X. Altered expression of PPAR‑γ and TRPC in neonatal rats with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627661 PMCID: PMC5562061 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a life-threatening disease that is commonly observed in the neonatal intensive care unit. PPHN is pathologically characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and, in particular, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Decreased expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), which is a member of the nuclear receptor hormone superfamily, in combination with elevated expressions of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1 (TRPC1) and TRPC6 contributes to the PASMC proliferation and excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling in adult pulmonary hypertension (PH). Whether PPAR-γ, TRPC1 and TRPC6 affect the development of vascular remodeling in PPHN model rats remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of PPAR-γ, TRPC1 and TRP6 on the pathogenesis of PPHN in rats. The rat model of PPHN was established by exposure to hypoxic conditions and indomethacin treatment. Lung tissues, hearts and blood from PPHN model and Control rats were collected and examined. Parameters, including the percentage of medial wall thickness (WT %), the percentage of medial wall area (WA %), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and the plasma concentration of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were used to estimate the development of PPHN. The expression levels of PPAR-γ, TRPC1 and TRPC6 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Significant increases were observed in the WT %, WA %, RVH and plasma BNP in the PPHN group compare with the Control group (P<0.01). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPAR-γ were markedly downregulated (P<0.05 vs. Control). In the PPHN group, the protein expression levels of TRPC1 and TRPC6 were higher compared to the control group; however, there was no difference in the mRNA expression levels (P>0.05). In conclusion, the present study successfully established a PPHN rat model, and the altered expressions of PPAR-γ, TRPC1 and TRPC6 in the pulmonary artery located in the lungs of newborn rats with PPHN suggested that these proteins may be important mediators of PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yujiao Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Peng G, Xu J, Liu R, Fu Z, Li S, Hong W, Chen J, Li B, Ran P. Isolation, culture and identification of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from rat distal pulmonary arteries. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:831-840. [PMID: 28321780 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the most powerful tools for exploring the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Both pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodeling occur predominantly in distal pulmonary arteries (PA). In this study, we provide our detailed and standardized protocol for easy isolation and culture of PASMCs from rat distal PA to supply every investigator with a simple, economical and useful method in studying PH. The protocol can be divided into four stages: isolation of distal PA, isolation of cells, growth in culture and passage of cells. Rat distal PASMCs were characterized by morphological activity and by immunostaining for smooth muscle α-actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, but not for CD90/Thy-1 or von Willebrand factor. Furthermore, functional assessments were performed, confirming the presence of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and physiological characteristic of response to hypoxia. In conclusion, we have developed a detailed and simple protocol for obtaining rat distal PASMCs. These PASMCs exhibit features consistent with vascular smooth muscle cells, and they could subsequently be used to further explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyong Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongmin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenli Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxing Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hong
- The Research Center of Experiment Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- The Research Center of Experiment Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Wang Q, Wang D, Yan G, Sun L, Tang C. TRPC6 is required for hypoxia-induced basal intracellular calcium concentration elevation, and for the proliferation and migration of rat distal pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1577-85. [PMID: 26718737 PMCID: PMC4732854 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction and reconstruction in the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins (PVs), and elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a primary factor of these processes. In the present study, the role of transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPCs) in mediating the hypoxia-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in rat distal pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) was investigated. Rats with chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (CHPH) were used for in vivo experiments, and PVSMCs were isolated for in vitro experiments. [Ca2+]i was measured using fura-2-based fluorescence calcium imaging. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRPCs. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and Transwell assays were used to investigate the proliferation and migration of PVSMCs, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that TRPC6 was increased in the distal PVs of CHPH rats, and in PVSMCs exposed to hypoxic conditions (4% O2, 72 h); however, TRPC1 was not. The 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-induced [Ca2+]i elevation was increased in PVSMCs isolated from CHPH rats and in PVSMCs cultured under hypoxic conditions (4% O2, 72 h). Hypoxia induced PVSMC [Ca2+]i elevation, proliferation and migration. These alterations were inhibited following TRPC6 knockdown. Results from the present study suggest that TRPC6 expression is increased during chronic hypoxia, which contributes to Ca2+ entry into the cell, thus promoting proliferation and migration of PVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Gaoling Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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10
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Urotensin II contributes to collagen synthesis and up-regulates Egr-1 expression in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells through the ERK1/2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:1076-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Peng G, Li S, Hong W, Hu J, Jiang Y, Hu G, Zou Y, Zhou Y, Xu J, Ran P. Chronic Hypoxia Increases Intracellular Ca 2+ Concentration via Enhanced Ca 2+ Entry Through Receptor-Operated Ca 2+ Channels in Pulmonary Venous Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ J 2015; 79:2058-68. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongyong Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Shaoxing Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Wei Hong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
- The Research Center of Experiment Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Guoping Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Yimin Zou
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Yumin Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Juan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
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12
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Xu L, Chen Y, Yang K, Wang Y, Tian L, Zhang J, Wang EW, Sun D, Lu W, Wang J. Chronic hypoxia increases TRPC6 expression and basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat distal pulmonary venous smooth muscle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112007. [PMID: 25365342 PMCID: PMC4218830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia causes remodeling and contractile responses in both pulmonary artery (PA) and pulmonary vein (PV). Here we explore the effect of hypoxia on PV and pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs). METHODS Chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (CHPH) model was established by exposing rats to 10% O2 for 21 days. Rat distal PVSMCs were isolated and cultured for in vitro experiments. The fura-2 based fluorescence calcium imaging was used to measure the basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to measure the expression of mRNA and levels of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) protein respectively. RESULTS Hypoxia increased the basal [Ca2+]i and SOCE in both freshly dissociated and serum cultured distal PVSMCs. Moreover, hypoxia increased TRPC6 expression at mRNA and protein levels in both cultured PVSMCs exposed to prolonged hypoxia (4% O2, 60 h) and distal PV isolated from CHPH rats. Hypoxia also enhanced proliferation and migration of rat distal PVSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia induces elevation of SOCE in distal PVSMCs, leading to enhancement of basal [Ca2+]i in PVSMCs. This enhancement is potentially correlated with the increased expression of TRPC6. Hypoxia triggered intracellular calcium contributes to promoted proliferation and migration of PVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lichun Tian
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Dejun Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WL); (JW)
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (JW)
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13
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Li W, Kong QY, Zhao CF, Zhao F, Li FH, Xia W, Wang R, Hu YM, Hua M. Adrenomedullin and adrenotensin regulate collagen synthesis and proliferation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:1047-1055. [PMID: 24345914 PMCID: PMC3935277 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and extracellular-matrix accumulation in the development of pulmonary hypertension and remodeling, this study determined the effects of different doses of adrenomedullin (ADM) and adrenotensin (ADT) on PASMC proliferation and collagen synthesis. The objective was to investigate whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling was involved in ADM- and ADT-stimulated proliferation of PASMCs in 4-week-old male Wistar rats (body weight: 100-150 g, n=10). The proliferation of PASMCs was examined by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation. A cell growth curve was generated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 method. Expression of collagen I, collagen III, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) was evaluated by immunofluorescence. The effects of different concentrations of ADM and ADT on collagen I, collagen III, and p-ERK1/2 protein expression were determined by immunoblotting. We also investigated the effect of PD98059 inhibition on the expression of p-ERK1/2 protein by immunoblotting. ADM dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation, whereas ADT dose-dependently increased it; and ADM and ADT inhibited each other with respect to their effects on the proliferation of PASMCs. Consistent with these results, the expression of collagen I, collagen III, and p-ERK1/2 in rat PASMCs decreased after exposure to ADM but was upregulated after exposure to ADT. PD98059 significantly inhibited the downregulation by ADM and the upregulation by ADT of p-ERK1/2 expression. We conclude that ADM inhibited, and ADT stimulated, ERK1/2 signaling in rat PASMCs to regulate cell proliferation and collagen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Shandong University, Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering, JinanShandong, China
| | - Q Y Kong
- Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, JinanShandong, China
| | - C F Zhao
- Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, JinanShandong, China
| | - F Zhao
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Department of Medicine, New YorkNY, USA
| | - F H Li
- Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, JinanShandong, China
| | - W Xia
- Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, JinanShandong, China
| | - R Wang
- Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, JinanShandong, China
| | - Y M Hu
- Shandong University, Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering, JinanShandong, China
| | - M Hua
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, JinanShandong, China
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14
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Peng G, Ran P, Lu W, Zhong N, Wang J. Acute hypoxia activates store-operated Ca(2+) entry and increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in rat distal pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:605-12. [PMID: 24255773 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to acute hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in both pulmonary arteries (PA) and pulmonary veins (PV). The mechanisms on the arterial side have been studied extensively. However, bare attention has been paid to the venous side. OBJECTIVES To investigate if acute hypoxia caused the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), and Ca(2+) influx through store-operated calcium channels (SOCC) in pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs). METHODS Fluorescent microscopy and fura-2 were used to measure effects of 4% O2 on [Ca(2+)]i and store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in isolated rat distal PVSMCs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In PVSMCs perfused with Ca(2+)-free Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRBS) containing cyclopiazonic acid to deplete Ca(2+) stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and nifedipine to prevent Ca(2+) entry through L-type voltage-depended Ca(2+) channels (VDCC), hypoxia markedly enhanced both the increase in [Ca(2+)]i caused by restoration of extracellular [Ca(2+)] and the rate at which extracellular Mn(2+) quenched fura-2 fluorescence. Moreover, the increased [Ca(2+)]i in PVSMCs perfused with normal salt solution was completely blocked by SOCC antagonists SKF-96365 and NiCl2 at concentrations that SOCE >85% was inhibited but [Ca(2+)]i responses to 60 mM KCl were not altered. On the contrary, L-type VDCC antagonist nifedipine inhibited increase in [Ca(2+)]i to hypoxia by only 50% at concentrations that completely blocked responses to KCl. The increased [Ca(2+)]i caused by hypoxia was completely abolished by perfusion with Ca(2+)-free KRBS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that acute hypoxia enhances SOCE via activating SOCCs, leading to increased [Ca(2+)]i in distal PVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyong Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; ; Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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15
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Peng G, Wen X, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Hu G, Zhou Y, Ran P. Development of a New Method for the Isolation and Culture of Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells from Rat Pulmonary Arteries. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:468-477. [DOI: 10.1159/000355271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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16
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Chang H, Ma YG, Wang YY, Song Z, Li Q, Yang N, Zhao HZ, Feng HZ, Chang YM, Ma J, Yu ZB, Xie MJ. High glucose alters apoptosis and proliferation in HEK293 cells by inhibition of cloned BK Ca channel. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1660-75. [PMID: 21413024 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that diabetic vascular dysfunction is associated with impaired function of large conductance Ca(2+) -activated K(+) (BK(Ca) ) channels. However, it is unclear whether impaired BK(Ca) channel directly participates in regulating diabetic vascular remodeling by altering cell growth in response to hyperglycemia. In the present study, we investigated the specific role of BK(Ca) channel in controlling apoptosis and proliferation under high glucose concentration (25 mM). The cDNA encoding the α+β1 subunit of BK(Ca) channel, hSloα+β1, was transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Cloned BK(Ca) currents were recorded by both whole-cell and cell-attached patch clamp techniques. Cell apoptosis was assessed with immunocytochemistry and analysis of fragmented DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cell proliferation was investigated by flow cytometry assays, MTT test, and immunocytochemistry. In addition, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, intracellular Ca(2+) , and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were also examined to investigate the possible mechanisms. Our results indicate that inhibition of cloned BK(Ca) channels might be responsible for hyperglycemia-altered apoptosis and proliferation in HEK-hSloα+β1 cells. However, activation of BK(Ca) channel by NS1619 or Tamoxifen significantly induced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in HEK-hSloα+β1 cells under hyperglycemia condition. When rat cerebral smooth muscle cells were cultured in hyperglycemia, similar findings were observed. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying the activation of BK(Ca) channel were associated with decreased expression of Bcl-2, elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) , and a concomitant depolarization of Δψm in HEK-hSloα+β1 cells. In conclusion, cloned BK(Ca) channel directly regulated apoptosis and proliferation of HEK293 cell under hyperglycemia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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