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Gergely TG, Drobni ZD, Kallikourdis M, Zhu H, Meijers WC, Neilan TG, Rassaf T, Ferdinandy P, Varga ZV. Immune checkpoints in cardiac physiology and pathology: therapeutic targets for heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:443-462. [PMID: 38279046 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are physiological regulators of the adaptive immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, have revolutionized cancer treatment and their clinical use is increasing. However, ICIs can cause various immune-related adverse events, including acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. Of these cardiovascular complications, ICI-induced acute fulminant myocarditis is the most studied, although emerging clinical and preclinical data are uncovering the importance of other ICI-related chronic cardiovascular complications, such as accelerated atherosclerosis and non-myocarditis-related heart failure. These complications could be more difficult to diagnose, given that they might only be present alongside other comorbidities. The occurrence of these complications suggests a potential role of immune checkpoint molecules in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, and disruption of physiological immune checkpoint signalling might thus lead to cardiac pathologies, including heart failure. Although inflammation is a long-known contributor to the development of heart failure, the therapeutic targeting of pro-inflammatory pathways has not been successful thus far. The increasingly recognized role of immune checkpoint molecules in the failing heart highlights their potential use as immunotherapeutic targets for heart failure. In this Review, we summarize the available data on ICI-induced cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, and discuss how immune checkpoint signalling is altered in the failing heart. Furthermore, we describe how pharmacological targeting of immune checkpoints could be used to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás G Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia D Drobni
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Han Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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Peng Y, Qin D, Wang Y, Gao W, Xu X. Pharmacological inhibition of ICOS attenuates the protective effect of exercise on cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176327. [PMID: 38224847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of exercise or exercise combined with inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling. MAIN METHODS Totally 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (normal saline treatment), ISO group (subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol, 10 mg/kg/day, once daily for 5 consecutive days), the exercise with subcutaneous ISO injection group (EPI), and the exercise with injected with ISO and ICOS mAb group (EPII). The mice in EPI and EPII group were trained on a small animal treadmill for 4 weeks (13 m/min, 0% grade, 60min/day). KEY FINDINGS Exercise significantly attenuated CD45+, Mac-2 inflammatory cell infiltration, cardiac fibrosis and inhibited the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL/CaMKII and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis pathways to counter ISO-induced severe cardiac injury. The administration of the ICOS mAb may inhibit the cardioprotection of exercise against ISO-induced heart damage. Compared to those in EPI, our data showed that the increasing levels of myocardial fibrosis, the leukocyte infiltration of cardiac tissue and proteins expression of cardiac myocyte necrosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways in the EPII group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that exercise decreased leukocyte infiltration in heart, inhibited the cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and necroptosis signaling pathways, and attenuated inflammatory responses to alleviate ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis. However, the antifibrotic effects of combined treatment with exercise and ICOS mAb intervention did not exhibit synergistic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Health Project, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Rehabilitation for Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Qin
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Nursing, Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyue Gao
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Tromp J, Ouwerkerk W, Ferreira JP, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Lang CC, Metra M, Samani NJ, de Boer RA, van Veldhuisen DJ, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Multimarker profiling identifies protective and harmful immune processes in heart failure: findings from BIOSTAT-CHF. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1964-1977. [PMID: 34264317 PMCID: PMC9239579 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The exploration of novel immunomodulatory interventions to improve outcome in heart
failure (HF) is hampered by the complexity/redundancies of inflammatory pathways, which
remain poorly understood. We thus aimed to investigate the associations between the
activation of diverse immune processes and outcomes in patients with HF. Methods and results We measured 355 biomarkers in 2022 patients with worsening HF and an independent
validation cohort (n = 1691) (BIOSTAT-CHF index and validation
cohorts), and classified them according to their functions into biological processes
based on the gene ontology classification. Principal component analyses were used to
extract weighted scores per process. We investigated the association of these processes
with all-cause mortality at 2-year follow-up. The contribution of each biomarker to the
weighted score(s) of the processes was used to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Mean age was 69 (±12.0) years and 537 (27%) patients were women. We identified 64 unique
overrepresented immune-related processes representing 188 of 355 biomarkers. Of these
processes, 19 were associated with all-cause mortality (10 positively and 9 negatively).
Increased activation of ‘T-cell costimulation’ and ‘response to
interferon-gamma/positive regulation of interferon-gamma production’ showed
the most consistent positive and negative associations with all-cause mortality,
respectively, after external validation. Within T-cell costimulation,
inducible costimulator ligand, CD28, CD70, and tumour necrosis factor superfamily
member-14 were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Conclusions We demonstrate the divergent protective and harmful effects of different immune
processes in HF and suggest novel therapeutic targets. These findings constitute a rich
knowledge base for informing future studies of inflammation in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of
Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore
117549, Singapore
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan
1117, 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, -
PlurithÕmatique 14-33, and Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN
INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism – Heart Failure, Cachexia &
Sarcopenia, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative
Therapies (BCRT), at Charité University Medicine, Charitépl.
1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen
(UMG), Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen,
Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research),
Potsdamer Str. 58 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - John G Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College,
Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- University of Bergen, Stavanger University Hospital,
Gerd-Ragna Bloch Thorsens gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital
Attikon, Rimini 1, Chaidari 124 62, Athens,
Greece
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and
Public Health, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia,
Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121 Brescia BS, Italy
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University
of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen,
TheNetherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University
of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen,
TheNetherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University
of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen,
TheNetherlands
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Roth M, Fang L, Stolz D, Tamm M. Pelargonium sidoides radix extract EPs 7630 reduces rhinovirus infection through modulation of viral binding proteins on human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210702. [PMID: 30707726 PMCID: PMC6358071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells are the first target cell for rhinovirus infection. The course of viral infections in patients with acute bronchitis, asthma and COPD can be improved by oral application of Pelargonium sidoides radix extract; however, the mechanism is not well understood. This study investigated the in vitro effect of Pelargonium sidoides radix extract (EPs 7630) on the expression of virus binding cell membrane and host defence supporting proteins on primary human bronchial epithelial cells (hBEC). Cells were isolated from patients with severe asthma (n = 6), moderate COPD (n = 6) and non-diseased controls (n = 6). Protein expression was determined by Western-blot and immunofluorescence. Rhinovirus infection was determined by immunofluorescence as well as by polymerase chain reaction. Cell survival was determined by manual cell count after live/death immunofluorescence staining. All parameters were determined over a period of 3 days. The results show that EPs 7630 concentration-dependently and significantly increased hBEC survival after rhinovirus infection. This effect was paralleled by decreased expression of the inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), its ligand ICOSL and cell surface calreticulin (C1qR). In contrast, EPs 7630 up-regulated the expression of the host defence supporting proteins β-defensin-1 and SOCS-1, both in rhinovirus infected and un-infected hBEC. The expression of other virus interacting cell membrane proteins such as MyD88, TRL2/4 or ICAM-1 was not altered by EPs 7630. The results indicate that EPs 7630 may reduce rhinovirus infection of human primary BEC by down-regulating cell membrane docking proteins and up-regulating host defence proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Department of Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Department of Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Department of Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Department of Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Castañeda-Lopez ME, Garza-Veloz I, Lopez-Hernandez Y, Barbosa-Cisneros OY, Martinez-Fierro ML. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Modified Adenoviral Vectors for Gene Therapy: A View through Animal Models Tested. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:450-70. [PMID: 27245510 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1168831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The central dogma of gene therapy relies on the application of novel therapeutic genes to treat or prevent diseases. The main types of vectors used for gene transfer are adenovirus, retrovirus, lentivirus, liposome, and adeno-associated virus vectors. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The main targets are cytokines, co-stimulatory molecules, and different types of cells from hematological and mesenchymal sources. In this review, we focus on molecules with anti-inflammatory effects used for in vivo gene therapy mediated by adenoviral gene transfer in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, with particular emphasis on autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Castañeda-Lopez
- a Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,b Centro de Innovacion Tecnologica e Industrial, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - I Garza-Veloz
- a Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,b Centro de Innovacion Tecnologica e Industrial, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - Y Lopez-Hernandez
- c CONACyT Research Fellow, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - O Y Barbosa-Cisneros
- d Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Unidad Academica de Ciencias Quimicas de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
| | - M L Martinez-Fierro
- a Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico.,b Centro de Innovacion Tecnologica e Industrial, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica , Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , Mexico
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Yang D, Wang LP, Zhou H, Cheng H, Bao XC, Xu S, Zhang WP, Wang JM. Inducible Costimulator Gene-Transduced Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate the Severity of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mouse Models. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1717-31. [PMID: 25203502 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x684592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In murine allogeneic transplantation models, ICOS gene-transduced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs(ICOS-EGFP)) were evaluated for their effects on GvHD severity and long-term survival. Lethally irradiated BALB/c or first filial generation of BALB/c and C57BL/6 (CB6F1) mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells and splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice to establish acute GvHD models. Recipient mice were injected with MSCs(ICOS-EGFP), MSCs, MSCs(EGFP), ICOS-Ig fusion protein, MSCs + ICOS-Ig, or PBS (control group). Long-term survival, GvHD rates and severity, CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis and proliferation, and Th1/Th2/Th17 effecter cell polarization were evaluated. In the C57BL/6 → CB6F1 HSCT model, the long-term survival in the MSC(ICOS-EGFP) group was higher than that in the GvHD group (74.29 ± 7.39% vs. 0, p < 0.01), and this survival rate was also higher than that in the MSC, ICOS-Ig, or MSC + ICOS-Ig groups (42.86 ± 8.36%, p = 0.004; 48.57 ± 8.45%, p = 0.03; or 50.43 ± 8.45% p = 0.04, respectively). The survival advantages of MSC(ICOS-EGFP)-treated group were confirmed in the C57BL/6 → BALB/c HSCT model. In both HSCT models, the low mortality in the MSC(ICOS-EGFP) group was associated with lower incidence and severity of acute GvHD. Treatment with MSCs(ICOS-EGFP) induced more CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis compared with that in the GvHD group. The effect on CD4(+) T cells was shown as early as day 2 and maintained until day 14 (p < 0.05 on days 2, 3, 7, and 14). Furthermore, we demonstrated that MSCs(ICOS-EGFP) were able to suppress Th1 and Th17 polarization and promote Th2 polarization on both protein expression and gene transcription levels. Higher serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, and lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-17A were detected in the MSC(ICOS-EGFP) group. The MSCs(ICOS-EGFP) could also induce GATA-3, STAT6 expression and inhibit T-bet, STAT4, ROR-γt expression. Our results showed that injection of MSCs(ICOS-EGFP) is a promising strategy for acute GvHD prevention and treatment. It provides synergistic benefits of MSC immune modulation and ICOS-B7h pathway blockage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhang YY, Li JN, Xia HHX, Zhang SL, Zhong J, Wu YY, Miao SK, Zhou LM. Protective effects of losartan in mice with chronic viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3. Life Sci 2013; 92:1186-94. [PMID: 23702425 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether losartan has protective effects in mice with chronic viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). MAIN METHODS Thirty two male Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with CVB3 (10×TCID50) to induce chronic viral myocarditis (CVM). Losartan at 12.5mg/kg (n=16) or normal saline (n=16) were orally administered daily for 28 days to these mice. Uninfected mice (n=6) were used as controls. On day 29, all mice underwent anesthesia and echocardiography prior to sacrifice. Serum IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cardiac tissues were histologically examined after hematoxylin & eosin staining. In addition, the effect of losartan on the virus titers in primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes infected with CVB3 was measured on Hep-2 cells at 72 h post infection. KEY FINDINGS Mice infected with CBV3 had significantly increased mortality, heart/body weight ratios, necrosis and inflammatory scores and decreased cardiac ejection fractions, compared with the controls (all P<0.05). Losartan significantly decreased mortality from 40.0% to 12.5%, heart/body weight ratios from 7.08 ± 2.17 to 4.15 ± 0.99, and necrosis and inflammatory scores from 3.33 ± 0.50 to 2.50 ± 0.65 (all P<0.05), and increased ejection fractions from 55.80 ± 9.25 to 72.31 ± 12.15 (P<0.05). Losartan significantly enhanced IL-4, and decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 (all P<0.05). In the in vitro experiment, losartan had no influence on virus titers. SIGNIFICANCE Losartan protects mice against CVB3-induced CVM, most likely through upregulating Th2 responses, and down-regulating Th1 and Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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FU GUOQIANG, CAO YIZHAN, LU JUN, LI JUN, LIU LI, WANG HONGTAO, SU FEIFEI, ZHENG QIANGSUN. Programmed cell death-1 deficiency results in atrial remodeling in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:423-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Interleukin-17 contributes to cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7473-8. [PMID: 22331486 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Su Z, Sun C, Zhou C, Liu Y, Zhu H, Sandoghchian S, Zheng D, Peng T, Zhang Y, Jiao Z, Wang S, Xu H. HMGB1 blockade attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis and suppresses Th17-cell expansion. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3586-95. [PMID: 21928275 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone nuclear protein, has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the leading causes of heart failure, is often caused by coxsackievirus B3-triggered myocarditis and promoted by the post-infectious autoimmune process. Th17 cells, a novel CD4(+) T subset, may be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune myocarditis. In the present study, we attempted to block HMGB1 function with a monoclonal antibody specific for HMGB1 B box and investigated the effects of the blockade on Th17 cells and experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). After induction of EAM, HMGB1 protein levels were significantly elevated both in the heart and blood. Administration of an anti-HMGB1 B box mAb attenuated cardiac pathological changes and reduced the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the heart during EAM. These protective effects of HMGB1 blockade correlated with a reduced number of Th17 cells in local tissues and lower levels of IL-17 in the serum. Furthermore, in vitro, studies demonstrated that HMGB1 promoted Th17-cell expansion. Therefore, we speculate that HMGB1 blockade ameliorates cardiac pathological changes in EAM by suppressing Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
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11
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Liu W, Li S, Tian W, Li W, Zhang Z. Immunoregulatory effects of α-GalCer in a murine model of autoimmune myocarditis. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:636-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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He Y, Wu FX, Miao XR, Xu XW, Sun YM, Chen CY, Yu WF. Suppression of acute morphine withdrawal syndrome by adenovirus-mediated β-endorphin in rats. Brain Res 2011; 1422:13-9. [PMID: 21983207 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous β-endorphin (β-EP) in the central nervous system (CNS) is decreased upon opioid addiction. The current study examined whether exogenous β-EP, delivered using an adenoviral vector into the CNS could attenuate morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats. METHODS The model of opioid-dependent rats was set up by receiving subcutaneous injection of morphine using an escalating regimen for 6days (5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 60mg/kg, three times/day). The adenovirus mediated β-EP gene was constructed based on our previous work. The ilea of opioid-dependent rats were isolated and treated with the supernatant of Ad-NEP. The basic and naloxone-induced (4μm/l) contractions of dependent ilea were recorded. The Ad-NEP was injected into the left lateral ventricle of the addition rats. The expression of the β-EP gene was verified by radioimmunoassay of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and immunocytochemistry for β-EP. Withdrawal syndrome was evaluated after intraperitoneal injection of naloxone. RESULTS The contractions of dependent ilea were attenuated with supernatant containing β-EP expressed by Ad-NEP. Injection of the Ad-NEP resulted in significant increases in β-EP level in the CSF and β-EP-positive neurons. Rats receiving adenovirus carrying the β-EP gene had significantly less severe withdrawal symptoms upon naloxone challenge. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous β-EP mediated by adenovirus could attenuate withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
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Wei L. Immunological aspect of cardiac remodeling: T lymphocyte subsets in inflammation-mediated cardiac fibrosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 90:74-8. [PMID: 20965166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as a progressive accumulation of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) in the myocardium. The regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling is primarily mediated by cardiac fibroblasts (CF). Evidences suggest that various T lymphocyte phenotypes differentially affect organ fibrosis through modulating CF collagen and MMP/TIMP gene expression, MMP activity and cardiac collagen cross-linking, leading to altered ECM composition. In regard to the importance of cytokines in cardiac fibrosis and heart failure, in this review, we will address the role of different T cell subsets in inflammation-mediated cardiac fibrosis, from a distinct perspective of T cell and fibroblast interaction. We conclude that in addition to preventive strategies, therapies based on deviation of Th1/Th2 paradigm, and manipulation of Tregs and Th17 would show promising results in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, China.
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