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Kashimura M. The human spleen as the center of the blood defense system. Int J Hematol 2020; 112:147-158. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alsufyani F, Mattoo H, Zhou D, Cariappa A, Van Buren D, Hock H, Avruch J, Pillai S. The Mst1 Kinase Is Required for Follicular B Cell Homing and B-1 B Cell Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2393. [PMID: 30386341 PMCID: PMC6199389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mst1 and 2 cytosolic serine/threonine protein kinases are the mammalian orthologs of the Drosophila Hippo protein. Mst1 has been shown previously to participate in T-cell and B-cell trafficking and the migration of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs in a cell intrinsic manner. We show here that the absence of Mst1 alone only modestly impacts B cell homing to lymph nodes. The absence of both Mst1 and 2 in hematopoietic cells results in relatively normal B cell development in the bone marrow and does not impact migration of immature B cells to the spleen. However, follicular B cells lacking both Mst1 and Mst2 mature in the splenic white pulp but are unable to recirculate to lymph nodes or to the bone marrow. These cells also cannot traffic efficiently to the splenic red pulp. The inability of late transitional and follicular B cells lacking Mst 1 and 2 to migrate to the red pulp explains their failure to differentiate into marginal zone B cell precursors and marginal zone B cells. Mst1 and Mst2 are therefore required for follicular B cells to acquire the ability to recirculate and also to migrate to the splenic red pulp in order to generate marginal zone B cells. In addition B-1 a B cell development is defective in the absence of Mst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alsufyani
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dawang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annaiah Cariappa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Denille Van Buren
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanno Hock
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph Avruch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Quantitative spatial analysis of haematopoiesis-regulating stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment by 3D microscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2532. [PMID: 29955044 PMCID: PMC6023894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinusoidal endothelial cells and mesenchymal CXCL12-abundant reticular cells are principal bone marrow stromal components, which critically modulate haematopoiesis at various levels, including haematopoietic stem cell maintenance. These stromal subsets are thought to be scarce and function via highly specific interactions in anatomically confined niches. Yet, knowledge on their abundance, global distribution and spatial associations remains limited. Using three-dimensional quantitative microscopy we show that sinusoidal endothelial and mesenchymal reticular subsets are remarkably more abundant than estimated by conventional flow cytometry. Moreover, both cell types assemble in topologically complex networks, associate to extracellular matrix and pervade marrow tissues. Through spatial statistical methods we challenge previous models and demonstrate that even in the absence of major specific interaction forces, virtually all tissue-resident cells are invariably in physical contact with, or close proximity to, mesenchymal reticular and sinusoidal endothelial cells. We further show that basic structural features of these stromal components are preserved during ageing. The bone marrow microenvironment modulates haematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, the authors use 3D microscopy to map the topography of haematopoietic stem cell niche stromal components.
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Pabst R. The bone marrow is not only a primary lymphoid organ: The critical role for T lymphocyte migration and housing of long‐term memory plasma cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1096-1100. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pabst
- ImmunmorphologyCentre of AnatomyMedical School Hannover Germany
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Paz H, Joo EJ, Chou CH, Fei F, Mayo KH, Abdel-Azim H, Ghazarian H, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. Treatment of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Galectin-1 inhibitor PTX008. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:67. [PMID: 29580262 PMCID: PMC5870532 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Drug resistance of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BP-ALL) cells is conferred by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which could be targeted to promote chemo-sensitization. Our previous studies showed that Galectin-3, a lectin that clusters galactose-modified glycoproteins and that has both an intracellular and extracellular location, protects different subtypes of BP-ALL cells against chemotherapy. Galectin-1 is related to Galectin-3 and its expression was previously reported to be restricted to the MLL subtype of BP-ALL. Methods and results Here, we report that Galectin-1 is expressed at different levels in and on different subclasses of BP-ALLs. Bone marrow plasma also contains high levels of Galectin-1. PTX008 is an allosteric inhibitor which inhibits Galectin-1 but not Galectin-3-mediated agglutination. The compound reduces migration of BP-ALL cells to CXCL12 and OP9 stromal cells and inhibits fibronectin-mediated adhesion. It also affects cell cycle progression of BCP-ALL cells. PTX008 is cytostatic for BP-ALL cells even when these are co-cultured with protective stroma, and can sensitize ALL cells to vincristine chemotherapy in vitro and in mice. Conclusions PTX008 inhibits multiple functions that contribute to BP-ALL survival. The effects of Galectin-1 inhibition on both BP-ALL cell proliferation and migration suggest both the leukemia cells as well as the microenvironment that protects these cells may be targeted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0721-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helicia Paz
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Hsing Chou
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Fei Fei
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Pathology Department, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Haike Ghazarian
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - John Groffen
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
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Bertocci B, Lecoeuche D, Sterlin D, Kühn J, Gaillard B, De Smet A, Lembo F, Bole-Feysot C, Cagnard N, Fadeev T, Dahan A, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. Klhl6 Deficiency Impairs Transitional B Cell Survival and Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2408-2420. [PMID: 28807996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Klhl6 belongs to the KLHL gene family, which is composed of an N-terminal BTB-POZ domain and four to six Kelch motifs in tandem. Several of these proteins function as adaptors of the Cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this article, we report that Klhl6 deficiency induces, as previously described, a 2-fold reduction in mature B cells. However, we find that this deficit is centered on the inability of transitional type 1 B cells to survive and to progress toward the transitional type 2 B cell stage, whereas cells that have passed this step generate normal germinal centers (GCs) upon a T-dependent immune challenge. Klhl6-deficient type 1 B cells showed a 2-fold overexpression of genes linked with cell proliferation, including most targets of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome complex, a set of genes whose expression is precisely downmodulated upon culture of splenic transitional B cells in the presence of BAFF. These results thus suggest a delay in the differentiation process of Klhl6-deficient B cells between the immature and transitional stage. We further show, in the BL2 Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, that KLHL6 interacts with Cullin3, but also that it binds to HBXIP/Lamtor5, a protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and cytokinesis. Finally, we report that KLHL6, which is recurrently mutated in B cell lymphomas, is an off-target of the normal somatic hypermutation process taking place in GC B cells in both mice and humans, thus leaving open whether, despite the lack of impact of Klhl6 deficiency on GC B cell expansion, mutants could contribute to the oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bertocci
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
| | - Damiana Lecoeuche
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Delphine Sterlin
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Julius Kühn
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University Medicine Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gaillard
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Annie De Smet
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Frederique Lembo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068-CNRS UMR7258, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Plateforme de Génomique, Imagine Institut des Maladies Génétiques-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM 1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Tatiana Fadeev
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Auriel Dahan
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
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Negative role of TAK1 in marginal zone B-cell development incidental to NF-κB noncanonical pathway activation. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:821-829. [PMID: 27121163 PMCID: PMC5073155 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is crucial in B-cell physiology. One key molecule regulating this pathway is the serine/threonine kinase TAK1 (MAP3K7). TAK1 is responsible for positive feedback mechanisms in B-cell receptor signaling that serve as an NF-κB activation threshold. This study aimed to better understand the correlation between TAK1-mediated signaling and B-cell development and humoral immune responses. Here we showed that a B-cell conditional deletion of TAK1 using mb1-cre resulted in a dramatic elimination of the humoral immune response, consistent with the absence of the B-1 B-cell subset. When monitoring the self-reactive B-cell system (the immunoglobulin hen egg lysozyme/soluble hen egg lysozyme double-transgenic mouse model), we found that TAK1-deficient B cells exhibited an enhanced susceptibility to cell death that might explain the disappearance of the B1 subset. In contrast, these mice gained numerous marginal zone (MZ) B cells. We consequently examined the basal and B-cell receptor-induced activity of NF-κB2 that is reported to regulate MZ B-cell development, and demonstrated that the activity of NF-κB2 increased in TAK1-deficient B cells. Thus, our results present a novel in vivo function, the negative role of TAK1 in MZ B-cell development that is likely associated with NF-κB2 activation.
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Huang Y, Getahun A, Heiser RA, Detanico TO, Aviszus K, Kirchenbaum GA, Casper TL, Huang C, Aydintug MK, Carding SR, Ikuta K, Huang H, Wysocki LJ, Cambier JC, O'Brien RL, Born WK. γδ T Cells Shape Preimmune Peripheral B Cell Populations. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:217-31. [PMID: 26582947 PMCID: PMC4684964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that selective ablation of certain γδ T cell subsets, rather than removal of all γδ T cells, strongly affects serum Ab levels in nonimmunized mice. This type of manipulation also changed T cells, including residual γδ T cells, revealing some interdependence of γδ T cell populations. For example, in mice lacking Vγ4(+) and Vγ6(+) γδ T cells (B6.TCR-Vγ4(-/-)/6(-/-)), we observed expanded Vγ1(+) cells, which changed in composition and activation and produced more IL-4 upon stimulation in vitro, increased IL-4 production by αβ T cells as well as spontaneous germinal center formation in the spleen, and elevated serum Ig and autoantibodies. We therefore examined B cell populations in this and other γδ-deficient mouse strains. Whereas immature bone marrow B cells remained largely unchanged, peripheral B cells underwent several changes. Specifically, transitional and mature B cells in the spleen of B6.TCR-Vγ4(-/-)/6(-/-) mice and other peripheral B cell populations were diminished, most of all splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells. However, relative frequencies and absolute numbers of Ab-producing cells, as well as serum levels of Abs, IL-4, and BAFF, were increased. Cell transfers confirmed that these changes are directly dependent on the altered γδ T cells in this strain and on their enhanced potential of producing IL-4. Further evidence suggests the possibility of direct interactions between γδ T cells and B cells in the splenic MZ. Taken together, these data demonstrate the capability of γδ T cells of modulating size and productivity of preimmune peripheral B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Transfer, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ryan A Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Thiago O Detanico
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Katja Aviszus
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Greg A Kirchenbaum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Tamara L Casper
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Chunjian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - M Kemal Aydintug
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Simon R Carding
- Institute of Food Research and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Lawrence J Wysocki
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Willi K Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045;
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9
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Schirrmacher V. Cancer-reactive memory T cells from bone marrow: Spontaneous induction and therapeutic potential (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2005-16. [PMID: 26459860 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognate interactions between naïve tumor antigen (TA)-specific T cells and TA-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are facilitated by secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes or the spleen. These can result either in TA-specific tolerance or, depending on environmental costimulatory signals, in TA-specific immune responses. In the present review, we describe such events for the bone marrow (BM) when blood-borne TA, released from the primary tumor or expressed by blood circulating tumor cells or DCs enters the BM stroma and parenchyma. We argue that cognate T-DC interactions in the BM result in immune responses and generation of memory T cells (MTCs) rather than tolerance because T cells in the BM show an increased level of pre-activation. The review starts with the spontaneous induction of cancer-reactive MTCs in the BM and the involvement of such MTCs in the control of tumor dormancy. The main part deals with the therapeutic potency of BM MTCs. This is a new area of research in which the authors research group has performed pioneering studies which are summarized. These include studies in animal tumor models, studies with human cells in tumor xenotransplant models and clinical studies. Based on observations of an enormous expansion capacity, longevity and therapeutic capacity of BM MTCs, a hypothesis is presented which suggests the involvement of stem-like MTCs.
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Inflammation rapidly reorganizes mouse bone marrow B cells and their environment in conjunction with early IgM responses. Blood 2015; 126:1184-92. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-635805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Mouse inflammation models cause accumulation of B cells in the bone marrow within 12 hours and prior to peak emergency granulopoiesis. Marrow B cells undergo spatial reorganization and are subjected to an altered cellular and secreted milieu.
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Kolan SS, Lejon K, Koskinen Holm C, Sulniute R, Lundberg P, Matozaki T, Oldenborg PA. Non-Hematopoietic and Hematopoietic SIRPα Signaling Differently Regulates Murine B Cell Maturation in Bone Marrow and Spleen. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222253 PMCID: PMC4519279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocyte development occurs in the bone marrow, while final differentiation and maturation can occur in both the bone marrow and the spleen. Here we provide evidence that signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), an Ig-superfamily ITIM-receptor expressed by myeloid but not by lymphoid cells, is involved in regulating B cell maturation. Lack of SIRPα signaling in adult SIRPα-mutant mice resulted in a reduced maturation of B cells in the bone marrow, evident by reduced numbers of semi-mature IgD+IgMhi follicular type-II (F-II) and mature IgD+IgMlo follicular type-I (F-I) B cells, as well as reduced blood B cell numbers. In addition, lack of SIRPα signaling also impaired follicular B cell maturation in the spleen. Maturing BM or splenic B cells of SIRPα-mutant mice were found to express higher levels of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM and apoptosis was increased among these B cells. Bone marrow reconstitution experiments revealed that the B cell maturation defect in bone marrow and blood was due to lack of SIRPα signaling in non-hematopoietic cells, while hematopoietic SIRPα signaling was important for follicular B cell maturation in the spleen. Adding on to our previous findings of a stromal cell defect in SIRPα-mutant mice was the finding that gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand (RANKL) was significantly lower in cultured bone marrow stromal cells of SIRPα mutant mice. These data suggest a novel and opposite contribution of SIRPα signaling within non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic cells, respectively, to maintain B cell maturation and to prevent apoptosis in the bone marrow and spleen of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Lejon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section for Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rima Sulniute
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Takashi Matozaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Per-Arne Oldenborg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Mohammadzadeh A, Pourfathollah AA, Shahrokhi S, Hashemi SM, Moradi SLA, Soleimani M. Immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the gene expression of major transcription factors of T cell subsets. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 20:316-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Ratliff M, Alter S, Frasca D, Blomberg BB, Riley RL. In senescence, age-associated B cells secrete TNFα and inhibit survival of B-cell precursors. Aging Cell 2013; 12:303-11. [PMID: 23410004 PMCID: PMC3716274 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged mice exhibit ~ 5-10-fold increases in an ordinarily minor CD21/35(-) CD23(-) mature B-cell subset termed age-associated B cells (ABCs). ABCs from old, but not young, mice induce apoptosis in pro-B cells directly through secretion of TNFα. In addition, aged ABCs, via TNFα, stimulate bone marrow cells to suppress pro-B-cell growth. ABC effects can be prevented by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Notably, CD21/35(+) CD23(+) follicular (FO) splenic and FO-like recirculating bone marrow B cells in both young and aged mice contain a subpopulation that produces IL-10. Unlike young adult FO B cells, old FO B cells also produce TNFα; however, secretion of IL-10 within this B-cell population ameliorates the TNFα-mediated effects on B-cell precursors. Loss of B-cell precursors in the bone marrow of old mice in vivo was significantly associated with increased ABC relative to recirculating FO-like B cells. Adoptive transfer of aged ABC into RAG-2 KO recipients resulted in significant losses of pro-B cells within the bone marrow. These results suggest that alterations in B-cell composition during old age, in particular, the increase in ABC within the B-cell compartments, contribute to a pro-inflammatory environment within the bone marrow. This provides a mechanism of inappropriate B-cell 'feedback' that promotes down-regulation of B lymphopoiesis in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ratliff
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Sarah Alter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Richard L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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O'Keeffe M, Fancke B, Suter M, Ramm G, Clark J, Wu L, Hochrein H. Nonplasmacytoid, high IFN-α-producing, bone marrow dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3774-83. [PMID: 22422879 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the producers of type I IFNs in response to TLR9 ligands. However, we have found that when bone marrow is depleted of pDC, the IFN-α produced in response to TLR9 ligands is not fully removed. We assign the source of this non-pDC IFN-α as a newly described DC type. It displays the high IFN-α producing activity of pDC but to a more limited range of viruses. Unlike pDC, the novel DC display high T cell stimulation capacity. Moreover, unlike mouse pDC, they are matured with GM-CSF and are less prone to apoptosis upon activation stimuli, including viruses. We propose that these DC constitute a novel bone marrow inflammatory DC type, ideally geared to linking innate and adaptive immune responses in bone marrow via their potent IFN-α production and high T cell stimulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith O'Keeffe
- Centre for Immunology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins, or Siglecs, vary in their specificity for sialic acid-containing ligands and are mainly expressed by cells of the immune system. Many Siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in innate immune cells that regulate inflammation mediated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs). This family also includes molecules involved in adhesion and phagocytosis and receptors that can associate with the ITAM-containing DAP12 adaptor. Siglecs contribute to the inhibition of immune cells both by binding to cis ligands (expressed in the same cells) and by responding to pathogen-derived sialoglycoconjugates. They can help maintain tolerance in B lymphocytes, modulate the activation of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and contribute to the regulation of T cell function both directly and indirectly. Siglecs modulate immune responses, influencing almost every cell in the immune system, and are of relevance both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pillai
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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Humoral responses and immune protection in mice immunized with irradiated T. gondii tachyzoites and challenged with three genetically distinct strains of T. gondii. Immunol Lett 2011; 138:187-96. [PMID: 21545808 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects a variety of mammals and birds. T. gondii also causes human toxoplasmosis; although toxoplasmosis is generally a benign disease, ocular, congenital or reactivated disease is associated with high numbers of disabled people. Infection occurs orally through the ingestion of meat containing cysts or by the intake of food or water contaminated with oocysts. Although the immune system responds to acute infection and mediates the clearance of tachyzoites, parasite cysts persist for the lifetime of the host in tissues such as the eye, muscle, and CNS. However, T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites irradiated with 255Gy do not cause residual infection and induce the same immunity as a natural infection. To assess the humoral response in BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice immunized with irradiated tachyzoites either by oral gavage (p.o.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, we analyzed total and high-affinity IgG and IgA antibodies in the serum. High levels of antigen-specific IgG were detected in the serum of parenterally immunized mice, with lower levels in mice immunized via the oral route. However, most serum antibodies exhibited low affinity for antigen in both mice strain. We also found antigen specific IgA antibodies in the stools of the mice, especially in orally immunized BALB/c mice. Examination of bone marrow and spleen cells demonstrated that both groups of immunized mice clearly produced specific IgG, at levels comparable to chronic infection, suggesting the generation of IgG specific memory. Next, we challenged i.p. or p.o. immunized mice with cysts from ME49, VEG or P strains of T. gondii. Oral immunization resulted in partial protection as compared to challenged naive mice; these findings were more evident in highly pathogenic ME49 strain challenge. Additionally, we found that while mucosal IgA was important for protection against infection, antigen-specific IgG antibodies were involved with protection against disease and disease pathogenesis. Most antigen responsive cells in culture produced specific high-affinity IgG after immunization, diverse of the findings in serum IgG or from cells after infection, which produced low proportion of high-avidity IgG.
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Saha S, Tieng A, Pepeljugoski KP, Zandamn-Goddard G, Peeva E. Prolactin, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoreactive B cells: lessons learnt from murine models. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011; 40:8-15. [PMID: 19937157 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The predominant prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women of reproductive age has led to the investigation of the effects of sex hormones on immune regulation and in autoimmune diseases, in particular the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease lupus. The female hormone prolactin has receptors beyond the reproductive axis including immune cells, and it is thought to promote autoimmunity in human and murine lupus. Induced hyperprolactinemia in experimental lupus models, regardless of gender, exacerbates disease activity and leads to premature death. Prolactin treatment in mice that are not prone to develop lupus leads to the development of a lupus-like phenotype. Persistent mild-moderate hyperprolactinemia alters the selection of the naïve B cell repertoire. Recent studies demonstrate that prolactin impairs all three mechanisms of B cell tolerance induction (negative selection, receptor editing, and anergy) and thereby contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. The effects of prolactin are genetically determined as shown by the differential response to the hormone in the different mice strains. Bromocriptine, a drug that inhibits prolactin secretion, abrogates some of the immune effects of this hormone. Further research is required to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in immune effects of prolactin and to develop novel targeted treatments for SLE patients with prolactin-responsive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Saha
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Hospital, DTC Bldg 440, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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Simard N, Konforte D, Tran AH, Esufali J, Leonard WJ, Paige CJ. Analysis of the role of IL-21 in development of murine B cell progenitors in the bone marrow. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5244-53. [PMID: 21430229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IL-21 plays a key role in the late stage of B cell development, where it has been shown to induce growth and differentiation of mature B cells into Ig-secreting plasma cells. Because IL-21R has also been reported on bone marrow (BM) B cell progenitors, we investigated whether IL-21R influenced earlier stages of B cell development. IL-21R is functional as early as the pro-B cell stage, and the strength of receptor-mediated signaling increases as cells mature. The addition of IL-21 to B cell progenitors in cell culture resulted in the accelerated appearance of mature B cell markers and was associated with the induction of Aid, Blimp1, and germline transcripts. We also found that stimulation of both IL-21R and CD40 was sufficient to induce the maturation of early B cell progenitors into IgM- and IgG-secreting cells. Consistent with a role for IL-21 in promoting B cell differentiation, the number of B220(+)CD43(+)IgM(-) pro-B cells was increased, and the number of mature IgM(hi)IgD(hi) cells was decreased in BM of IL-21R-deficient mice. We also report in this paper that IL-21 is expressed by BM CD4(+) T cells. These results provide evidence that IL-21R is functional in B cell progenitors and indicate that IL-21 regulates B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Simard
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a diverse subset of multipotent precursors present in the stromal fraction of many adult tissues and have drawn intense interest from translational and basic investigators. MSCs have been operationally defined by their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes after in vitro expansion. Nevertheless, their identity in vivo, heterogeneity, anatomical localization and functional roles in adult tissue homeostasis have remained enigmatic and are only just starting to be uncovered.
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Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family members B cell activating factor (BAFF) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) are crucial survival factors for peripheral B cells. An excess of BAFF leads to the development of autoimmune disorders in animal models, and high levels of BAFF have been detected in the serum of patients with various autoimmune conditions. In this Review, we consider the possibility that in mice autoimmunity induced by BAFF is linked to T cell-independent B cell activation rather than to a severe breakdown of B cell tolerance. We also outline the mechanisms of BAFF signalling, the impact of ligand oligomerization on receptor activation and the progress of BAFF-depleting agents in the clinical setting.
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