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Kataoka T. Elucidation of Pathology in Urological Diseases and Creation of New Therapeutics. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1129-1136. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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Esposito A, Cotta CK, Lacchini R. Beyond eNOS: Genetic influence in NO pathway affecting drug response. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220157. [PMID: 36264109 PMCID: PMC9583294 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) has important biological functions, and its production may be
influenced by genetic polymorphisms. Since NO mediates the drug response, the
same genetic polymorphism that alter NO levels may also impact drug therapy. The
vast majority of studies in the literature that assess the genetic influence on
NO-related drug response focus on NOS3 (which encodes
endothelial nitric oxide synthase), however several other proteins are
interconnected in the same pathway and may also impact NO availability and drug
response. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding genetic
polymorphisms that influence NO in response to pharmacological agents located in
genes other than NOS3. Articles were obtained from Pubmed and
consisted of 17 manuscripts that assessed polymorphisms of the following
targets: Arginases 1 and 2 (ARG1 and ARG2),
dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases 1 and 2 (DDAH1 and
DDAH2), and vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF). Here we analyze the main results of these articles,
which show promising evidences that may suggest that the NO-driven
pharmacological response is affected by more than the eNOS gene. The search for
genetic markers may result in better understanding of the variability of drug
response and turn pharmacotherapy involving NO safer and more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Esposito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Farmacologia, Ribeirão
Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cezar Kayzuka Cotta
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Farmacologia, Ribeirão
Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e
Ciências Humanas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Shoeibi S, Mahdipour E, Mohammadi S, Moohebati M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Treatment of atherosclerosis through transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells overexpressing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) in rabbits. Int J Cardiol 2021; 331:189-198. [PMID: 33535073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a key event in the development of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular repair. Decreased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity is observed in several pathological conditions, and it is associated with an increased risk of vascular disease. We hypothesized that bone marrow-derived EPCs and combination therapy with DDAH2-EPCs could reduce plaque size and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in an atherosclerosis rabbit model. METHOD Four groups of rabbits (n = 8 per group) were subjected to a hyperlipidemic diet for a month. After establishing the atherosclerosis model, rabbits received 4 × 106 EPC, EPCs expressing DDAH2, through femoral vein injection, or saline (the control group with basic food and the untreated group). One month after transplantation, plaque thickness, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mRNAs, DDAH, and eNOS function were assessed. RESULTS DDAH2-EPCs transplantation (p < 0.05) and EPCs transplantation (p < 0.05) were both associated with a reduction in plaque size compared to the control saline injection. The antiproliferative and antiatherogenic effects of EPCs were further enhanced by the overexpression of DDAH2 (p < 0.05, DDAH2-EPCs vs. EPCs). Furthermore, DDAH2-EPCs transplantation significantly increased endothelium integrity compared to the EPCs transplantation. CONCLUSION Transplantation of EPCs overexpressing DDAH2 may enhance the repair of injured endothelium by reducing inflammation and restoring endothelial function. Therefore, pCMV6-mediated DDAH2 gene-transfected EPCs are a potentially valuable tool for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shoeibi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Mahdipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohammadi
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Kishimoto T, Kataoka T, Yamamoto Y, Asano G, Fukamoto A, Hotta Y, Maeda Y, Takahashi M, Kanayama HO, Kimura K. High Salt Intake Impairs Erectile Function in Salt-Sensitive Rats Through Mineralocorticoid Receptor Pathway Beyond Its Effect on Blood Pressure. J Sex Med 2020; 17:1280-1287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Guan L, Geng X, Stone C, Cosky EEP, Ji Y, Du H, Zhang K, Sun Q, Ding Y. PM 2.5 exposure induces systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in an intracranial atherosclerosis rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:530-538. [PMID: 30672636 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to airborne particle (PM2.5 ) is a risk factor for intracranial atherosclerosis (ICA). Because of the established role of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by PM2.5 , we determined whether these processes account for PM2.5 -mediated ICA, and also whether omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) dietary supplementation could attenuate them. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 and fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), administered with or without O3FA (5 mg/kg/day by gavage) for 12 weeks. The lumen and thickness of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were assessed. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were detected by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity, mRNA levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, and protein level of NOX subunit gp91 were quantified to determine the oxidative profile of brain vessels. RESULTS PM2.5 increased (P < .05) ICA, especially in the HCD group; elevated serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ; increased cerebrovascular ROS, MDA, NOX activity, and gp91 protein levels; and decreased cerebrovascular SOD activity. Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 mRNA levels were upregulated (P < .05) by PM2.5 exposure, especially in the HCD group. O3FA attenuated (P < .05) PM2.5 -induced systemic inflammation, vascular oxidative injury, and ICA. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure induced systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular oxidative injury, and ICA in rats with HCD. O3FA prevented ICA development, and may therefore exert a protective effect against the atherogenic potential of PM2.5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eric E P Cosky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huishan Du
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
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Shen J, Rastogi R, Guan L, Li F, Du H, Geng X, Ding Y. Omega-3 fatty acid supplement reduces activation of NADPH oxidase in intracranial atherosclerosis stenosis. Neurol Res 2018; 40:499-507. [PMID: 29576013 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1451290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Shen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Radhika Rastogi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huishan Du
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Chen D, Zhang KQ, Li B, Sun DQ, Zhang H, Fu Q. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates erectile function in aged rats via regulation of PRMT1/DDAH/ADMA/NOS metabolism pathway. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:291-297. [PMID: 27080477 PMCID: PMC5427783 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.178486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related ED is predominantly attributed to neurovascular dysfunction mediated by NO suppression and increased oxidative stress in penis. The alterations of protein arginine methyltransferases 1 (PRMT1)/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA)/NO synthase (NOS) pathway regulate NO production in the vascular endothelium. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the most abundant and antioxidative ingredients isolated from green tea. In the present study, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into four groups: one young rat group and three aged rat groups treated with daily gavage feedings of EGCG at doses of 0, 10 mg kg−1, and 100 mg kg−1 for 12 weeks, respectively. Erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves with intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement. After euthanasia, penile tissue was investigated using Western blot and ELISA to assess the PRMT1/DDAH/ADMA/NOS metabolism pathway. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by colorimetry. We also evaluated smooth muscle contents. The ratio of maximal ICP and mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) was markedly higher in EGCG-treated aged rats than in untreated aged rats. We found that DDAH1 and DDAH2 were expressed in cavernosal tissue, and they were downregulated in corpora of aged rats. The administration of EGCG upregulated the expression and activity of DDAH. In contrast, EGCG treatment downregulated the expression of PRMT1 and ADMA content. Moreover, EGCG-treated rats showed an improvement in smooth muscle expression, the ratio of smooth muscle cell/collagen fibril, SOD activity, and MDA levels when compared with untreated aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ding-Qi Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
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Kataoka T, Hotta Y, Maeda Y, Kimura K. Testosterone Deficiency Causes Endothelial Dysfunction via Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Oxidative Stress in Castrated Rats. J Sex Med 2018; 14:1540-1548. [PMID: 29198509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone is believed to mediate the penile erectile response by producing adequate nitric oxide; therefore, testosterone deficiency results in erectile dysfunction through decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. However, the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in testosterone deficiency remain unclear. AIM To investigate the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of testosterone deficiency. METHODS Rats were distributed into 3 groups: castrated (Cast), castrated and supplemented with testosterone (Cast + T), and sham (Sham). In the Cast + T group, castrated rats were treated daily with subcutaneous testosterone (3 mg/kg daily) for 4 weeks; Sham and Cast rats received only the vehicle. OUTCOMES Erectile function using intracavernosal pressure and mean arterial pressure measurements after electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve, endothelial function using isometric tension, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, and inflammatory biomarker expression were performed 4 weeks after the operation. RESULTS In the Cast group, the ratio of intracavernosal pressure to mean arterial pressure significantly decreased, acetylcholine-induced relaxation was lower, and serum ADMA, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarker levels were significantly increased (P < .01). Testosterone injection significantly improved each of these parameters (P < .01). CLINICAL TRANSLATION The present results provide scientific evidence of the effect of testosterone deficiency on erectile function and the effect of testosterone replacement therapy. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS This study provides evidence of the influence of testosterone deficiency on endothelial function by investigating ADMA and oxidative stress. A major limitation of this study is the lack of a direct link of increased ADMA by oxidative stress to inflammation. CONCLUSION Testosterone deficiency increased not only ADMA levels but also oxidative stress and inflammation in castrated rats, which can cause damage to the corpus cavernosum, resulting in erectile dysfunction. Kataoka T, Hotta Y, Maeda Y, Kimura K. Testosterone Deficiency Causes Endothelial Dysfunction via Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Oxidative Stress in Castrated Rats. J Sex Med 2017;14:1540-1548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Guan L, Geng X, Shen J, Yip J, Li F, Du H, Ji Z, Ding Y. PM2.5 inhalation induces intracranial atherosclerosis which may be ameliorated by omega 3 fatty acids. Oncotarget 2018; 9:3765-3778. [PMID: 29423081 PMCID: PMC5790498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICA) a major health problem. This study investigated whether inhalation of fine airborne particulate matters (PM2.5) causes ICA and whether omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) attenuated the development of ICA. RESULTS Twelve but not 6 week exposure significantly increased triglycerides (TG) in normal chow diet (NCD), while PM2.5 enhanced all lipid profiles (TG, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol (CHO)) after both 6 and 12-week exposure with high-cholesterol diet (HCD). PM2.5 exposure for 12 but not 6 weeks significantly induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) narrowing and thickening, in association with the enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines, (interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ)), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). O3FA significantly attenuated vascular alterations, even without favorable changes in lipid profiles, in association with reduced expression of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IFN-γ, VCAM-1 and iNOS in brain vessels. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 exposure for 12 weeks aggravates ICA in a dietary model (HCD + short-term L-NAME), which may be mediated by vascular inflammation. O3FA dietary supplementation prevents ICA development and inflammatory reaction in cerebral vessels. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawly rats were under filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 exposure with NCD or HCD for 6 or 12 weeks. Half of the HCD rats were treated with O3FA (5 mg/kg/day) by gavage. A total of 600 mg NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 3 mg/mL) per rat was administered over two weeks as supplementation in the HCD group. Blood lipids, including LDL, CHO, TG and high density lipoprotein (HDL), were measured at 6 and 12 weeks. ICA was determined by lumen diameter and thickness of the MCA. Inflammatory markers, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IFN-γ, VCAM-1 and iNOS were assessed by real-time PCR for mRNA and Western blot for protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Guan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
| | - Jiamei Shen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - James Yip
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
| | - Huishan Du
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
| | - Zhili Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou Qu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Azevedo AMM, Brites-Anselmi G, Pinheiro LC, de Almeida Belo V, Coeli-Lacchini FB, Molina CAF, de Andrade MF, Tucci S, Hirsch E, Tanus-Santos JE, Lacchini R. Relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine, nitrite and genetic polymorphisms: Impact on erectile dysfunction therapy. Nitric Oxide 2017; 71:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Time-course changes of nLDL-induced erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2017; 29:115-119. [PMID: 28298622 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and is frequently seen in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). This study was designed to evaluate whether the acute effect of native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) on intracavernosal pressure (ICP) is reversible and related to plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), endogenous inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels and eNOS expression in cavernous tissues. Hyperlipidemia was induced by a single dose of intravenous 4 mg kg-1 nLDL. Experiments were performed 72 h (72H), 2 weeks (2W) and 8 weeks (8W) after nLDL injection. Endothelium-dependent relaxations, the ratio of ICP to mean arterial pressure (MAP; ICP/MAP), plasma ADMA levels and eNOS mRNA and protein levels were evaluated. The ICP/MAP ratio decreased in both the 2W and 8W groups. Endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine in the rat thoracic aorta were damaged in the 8W group. Plasma ADMA levels increased in the 8W group. mRNA expression of eNOS decreased in a time-dependent manner, whereas the protein expression increased. These results suggest that acute nLDL injection-induced impairments in erectile functions during an 8-week period are irreversible and might be related to an increase in ADMA levels and changes in the regulation of the eNOS/NO pathway.
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Shen J, Hafeez A, Stevenson J, Yang J, Yin C, Li F, Wang S, Du H, Ji X, Rafols JA, Geng X, Ding Y. Omega-3 fatty acid supplement prevents development of intracranial atherosclerosis. Neuroscience 2016; 334:226-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Tao L, Zhu J, Chen Y, Wang Q, Pan Y, Yu Q, Zhou B, Zhu H. IL-35 improves T reg-mediated immune suppression in atherosclerotic mice. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2469-2476. [PMID: 27698748 PMCID: PMC5038850 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that may have a protective role in atherosclerosis (AS). However, the exact role of IL-35 in the disease, and the etiology of AS, remain incompletely understood. The present study aimed to investigate whether exogenous IL-35 was able to attenuate the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice, and analyze alterations in the expression levels of forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) in peripheral blood and the lesions during the progression of AS. ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups that received either a basal diet (negative control group) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. The HFD group was further subdivided into groups that received IL-35, atorvastatin or no treatment for 12 weeks. Diagnostic enzyme assay kits were applied for the detection of plasma lipids, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to analyze the severity of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the expression of Foxp3 in the plasma and atherosclerotic plaques. As compared with the negative control group, the plasma lipids were significantly increased, and the lesions were obviously formed, in the HFD groups. Furthermore, the area of the lesion was reduced in IL-35- and atorvastatin-treated groups, as compared with the AS control group. In addition, Foxp3 expression was upregulated in the plasma and lesions of the IL-35- and atorvastatin-treated groups, as compared with the AS control group. The present study demonstrated that IL-35 improved Treg-mediated immune suppression in atherosclerotic mice, thus suggesting that IL-35 may be a novel therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yuefeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Qinghang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Birong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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14
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Shen J, Stevenson J, Geng X, Yang J, Yin C, Li F, Wang S, Du H, Ji X, Ding Y. A new clinically relevant model for intracranial atherosclerosis in rats. Neurol Res 2016; 38:817-22. [PMID: 27477859 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1211232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and, in particular, has been implicated as a leading cause of recurrent ischemic stroke. We developed a new rat model to study intracranial atherosclerosis. METHODS Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control (on a maintain diet) and a high-cholesterol group (on a daily 1% cholesterol diet) for up to 6 weeks. During the first two weeks, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 3 mg/mL) was added to the drinking water in the high-cholesterol group to induce intimal changes making the rats susceptible to atherosclerosis. Blood lipids, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were measured after 3 and 6 weeks. Histological sections of the brains, including internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and basilar artery (BA), were prepared to study intracranial artery morphometry and intimal thickening. The levels of CD68, an inflammatory marker, within the vessel walls as determined by immunohistochemistry were also measured. RESULTS The high-cholesterol diet increased the levels of classic blood markers of atherosclerosis, LDL, CHO, and TG as well as decreased HDL, which became progressively more intensive with time. Rats showed increased intimal thickening in the ICA, MCA, and BA. This protocol also increased the levels of CD68 immunoreactivity within the vessel walls. CONCLUSIONS A rat model of intracranial atherosclerosis was effectively developed by high-cholesterol diet and L-NAME administration. This clinically relevant model would be beneficial for studying ICAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Shen
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - James Stevenson
- b Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Jianjie Yang
- d Department of Pathology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Changbin Yin
- e Department of Clinical Laboratory , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Fengwu Li
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Sainan Wang
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Huishan Du
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,c Department of Neurology , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xunming Ji
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience , Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Department of Neurological Surgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
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Wang JH, Chen D, Zhang KQ, Zhang H, Fu Q. Effect of DDAH/ADMA/NOS regulation pathway on cavernae corporum cavernosorum rat penis of different age. Andrologia 2015; 48:262-7. [PMID: 26011316 DOI: 10.1111/and.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of DDAH/ADMA/NOS pathway in penile tissue of rats of different age was investigated to better understand the mechanism of age-related erectile dysfunction (ED). The Sprague Dawley male rats were assigned as the young group (3 month old, n = 10) and the old group (18 month old, n = 10) respectively. Intracavernous pressure (ICP) was measured before and after papaverine intracavernous injection. Pathology structure of penile tissue was evaluated under transmission electron microscope. The expression amounts of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in penile tissue were detected by ELISA; the expression levels of isoform-specific DDAH and NOS were assessed via Western blot. Compared with the young group, the ICP in the old group rat decreased significantly (33.46 ± 5.37 versus 39.71 ± 3.67 mmHg, P = 0.02) after papaverine injection. Diffused fibrosis and impairment of endothelial cell were observed in corpus cavernosum in the old group rats. Higher level of ADMA (10.83 ± 0.96 versus 7.51 ± 1.39 μmol per gpro, P = 3.14 × 10(-4) ) and lower level of cGMP (29.42 ± 3.84 versus 47.09 ± 6.07 nmol per gpro, P = 1.57 × 10(-6) ) were detected in penile tissue of the old group compared with those of the young group. Expression of DDAH1, DDAH2, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS(nNOS) all decreased significantly in penile tissue of the old group rat. The DDAH/ADMA/NOS regulation pathway changes dramatically accompanying with lower ICP in old group rat compared with those of the young group. Such findings in rats are suggestive in understanding the mechanism of age-related ED in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - D Chen
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - K-Q Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Q Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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16
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Toque HA, Caldwell RW. New approaches to the design and discovery of therapies to prevent erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1447-69. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.949234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Yetik-Anacak G, Sorrentino R, Linder AE, Murat N. Gas what: NO is not the only answer to sexual function. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1434-54. [PMID: 24661203 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to get and keep an erection is important to men for several reasons and the inability is known as erectile dysfunction (ED). ED has started to be accepted as an early indicator of systemic endothelial dysfunction and subsequently of cardiovascular diseases. The role of NO in endothelial relaxation and erectile function is well accepted. The discovery of NO as a small signalling gasotransmitter led to the investigation of the role of other endogenously derived gases, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The role of NO and CO in sexual function and dysfunction has been investigated more extensively and, recently, the involvement of H2 S in erectile function has also been confirmed. In this review, we focus on the role of these three sister gasotransmitters in the physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiology of sexual function in man, specifically erectile function. We have also reviewed the role of soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway as a common target of these gasotransmitters. Several studies have proposed alternative therapies targeting different mechanisms in addition to PDE-5 inhibition for ED treatment, since some patients do not respond to these drugs. This review highlights complementary and possible coordinated roles for these mediators and treatments targeting these gasotransmitters in erectile function/ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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18
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Kataoka T, Hotta Y, Maeda Y, Kimura K. Assessment of androgen replacement therapy for erectile function in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus by examining nitric oxide-related and inflammatory factors. J Sex Med 2014; 11:920-929. [PMID: 24467772 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major public health issue and is considered a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). T2DM is also associated with androgen deficiency. However, there have been few basic studies on androgen replacement therapy (ART) for ED treatment in T2DM animal models, and the mechanism underlying the effect of ART on T2DM-induced ED is unclear. AIM To investigate the effect of ART on ED in T2DM rats by examining inflammatory and nitric oxide (NO)-related factors. METHODS Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and their controls, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats, were distributed into three groups: LETO, OLETF, and ART. In the ART group, OLETF rats were treated daily with testosterone (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) from 20 to 25 weeks of age; LETO and OLETF rats received vehicle only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured erectile function by using measurements of the ratio between intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) following electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve and by evaluating the endothelial function of the corpus cavernosum in an isometric tension study. Expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The ICP/MAP ratio in the OLETF group was significantly decreased and that in the ART group was significantly improved (P < 0.01). The response to acetylcholine was significantly decreased in the OLETF group and improved in the ART group (P < 0.01). Although expression of eNOS and Sirt1 mRNA was decreased and that of iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA was increased in the OLETF group, ART improved mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS ART suppressed inflammation in rats with T2DM and metabolic disorders and improved their endothelial and erectile functions. ART could be effective for T2DM-induced ED and may be considered a potential ED treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan; Department of Clinical PharmacyGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan.
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Decaluwé K, Pauwels B, Boydens C, Van de Voorde J. Treatment of erectile dysfunction: new targets and strategies from recent research. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 121:146-57. [PMID: 24291648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research on penile erection has increasingly been centered on the molecular mechanisms involved. Major progress has been made in the field and at present a whole number of neurotransmitters, chemical effectors, growth factors, second-messenger molecules, ions, intercellular proteins, and hormones have been characterized as components of the complex process of erection. This knowledge has led to the discovery of several new therapeutic targets and multiple medical approaches for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). This review focuses on the progress made in this field within the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Decaluwé
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Pauwels
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Boydens
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Van de Voorde
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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20
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Jansakul C, Tachanaparuksa K, Mulvany MJ, Sukpondma Y. Relaxant mechanisms of 3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone on isolated human cavernosum. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:235-44. [PMID: 22800934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated effects and mechanisms responsible for the activity of 3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF) on isolated human cavernosum. PMF is the major flavone isolated from Kaempferia parviflora claimed to act as an aphrodisiac. PMF caused relaxation of phenylephrine precontracted human cavernosal strips, and this effect was slightly inhibited by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, but not by ODQ (soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor), TEA (tetraethylammonium, blocker of voltage-dependent K(+) channels) or glybenclamide (blocker of ATP-dependent K(+) channels). PMF did not significantly inhibit the relaxant activity of glyceryltrinitrate or acetylcholine on human cavernosal strips precontracted with phenylephrine. In contrast, sildenafil (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) potentiated the relaxant activity of glyceryl trinitrate but not of acetylcholine. In normal Krebs solution with nifedipine (blocker of l-type Ca(2+) channels), or in Ca(2+)-free Krebs solution, PMF caused a further inhibition of human cavernosum contracted with phenylephrine. In human cavernosum treated with thapsigargin (inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase) in Ca(2+)-free medium, PMF suppressed the concentration-response curve of human cavernosum to phenylephrine and a further suppression was found when SKF-96365 (a blocker of store-operated Ca(2+) channels and Y-27632 (inhibitor of Rho-kinase)), but not nifedipine, were added sequentially. Thus, PMF had only a weak effect on the release of nitric oxide, and had no effect as a K(ATP)- or K(Ca) channel opener, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a store-operated Ca(2+) channel blocker or a Rho-kinase inhibitor. Therefore, these studies suggest that PMF causes relaxation of human cavernosum through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and other mechanisms associated with calcium mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaweewan Jansakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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21
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All-trans-retinoic acid ameliorated high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits by inhibiting platelet activation and inflammation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:259693. [PMID: 22505807 PMCID: PMC3303861 DOI: 10.1155/2012/259693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is effective for many proliferative diseases. We investigated the protective effects of atRA against atherosclerosis. Methods. Rabbits were randomly allocated to receive basal diet or an HFD for 4 weeks. HFD group then received rosuvastatin (3 mg/day), atRA (5 mg/kg/day), or the same volume of vehicle, respectively, for next 8 weeks. Results. HFD group showed increases in plasma lipids and aortic plaque formation. P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding on platelets or deposition on the intima of the aorta also increased significantly as did the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and fibrinogen in plasma. After 8 weeks of treatment with atRA, there was a significant decrease in plasma lipids and improvement in aortic lesions. AtRA also inhibited the expression of P-selectin and fibrinogen binding on platelets and deposition on the intima of the aorta. Conclusion. AtRA can ameliorate HFD-induced AS in rabbits by inhibiting platelet activation and inflammation.
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Kim TB, Cho MC, Paick JS, Kim SW. Is It Possible to Recover Erectile Function Spontaneously after Cavernous Nerve Injury? Time-Dependent Structural and Functional Changes in Corpus Cavernosum Following Cavernous Nerve Injury in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5534/kja.2012.30.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Beom Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Chul Cho
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Paick
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ioakeimidis N, Vlachopoulos C, Rokkas K, Aggelis A, Terentes-Printzios D, Samentzas A, Alexopoulos N, Stefanadis C. Relationship of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine With Penile Doppler Ultrasound Parameters in Men with Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction. Eur Urol 2011; 59:948-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schade D, Kotthaus J, Clement B. Modulating the NO generating system from a medicinal chemistry perspective: Current trends and therapeutic options in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 126:279-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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