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Wolters M, Marron M, Foraita R, Hadjigeorgiou C, De Henauw S, Eiben G, Lauria F, Iglesia I, Moreno LA, Molnár D, Veidebaum T, Ahrens W, Nagrani R. Longitudinal Associations Between Vitamin D Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers Among Children and Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1731-e1742. [PMID: 37261399 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D status has previously been associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents. In particular, it has been suggested that children with obesity are more prone to vitamin D deficiency and unfavorable metabolic outcomes compared with healthy-weight children. OBJECTIVE To conduct a longitudinal study assessing this association in children and stratify by body mass index (BMI) category. METHODS Children from the pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort with at least one measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] at cohort entry or follow-up (n = 2171) were included in this study. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D as an independent variable and z-scores of cardiometabolic risk markers (waist circumference, systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP], high- [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein, non-HDL, triglycerides [TRG], apolipoprotein A1 [ApoA1] and ApoB, fasting glucose [FG], homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], and metabolic syndrome score) as dependent variables. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, study region, smoking and alcohol status, sports club membership, screen time, BMI, parental education, and month of blood collection, 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with SBP, DBP, FG, HOMA-IR, and TRG. The HOMA-IR z-score decreased by 0.07 units per 5 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D. The 25(OH)D level was consistently associated with HOMA-IR irrespective of sex or BMI category. CONCLUSION Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with unfavorable levels of cardiometabolic markers in children and adolescents. Interventions to improve vitamin D levels in children with a poor status early in life may help to reduce cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Iris Iglesia
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS), RD21/0012/0012, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bremen University, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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Tan L, Lu X, Danser AHJ, Verdonk K. The Role of Chemerin in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review of Its Physiology and Pathology from a Nutritional Perspective. Nutrients 2023; 15:2878. [PMID: 37447205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipokine that plays a major role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. It also induces inflammation and affects insulin signaling, steroidogenesis and thermogenesis. Consequently, it likely contributes to a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia. This review describes its origin and receptors, as well as its role in various diseases, and subsequently summarizes how nutrition affects its levels. It concludes that vitamin A, fat, glucose and alcohol generally upregulate chemerin, while omega-3, salt and vitamin D suppress it. Dietary measures rather than drugs acting as chemerin receptor antagonists might become a novel tool to suppress chemerin effects, thereby potentially improving the aforementioned diseases. However, more detailed studies are required to fully understand chemerin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunbo Tan
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Verdonk
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Genomic or Non-Genomic? A Question about the Pleiotropic Roles of Vitamin D in Inflammatory-Based Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030767. [PMID: 36771473 PMCID: PMC9920355 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vit D) is widely known for its role in calcium metabolism and its importance for the bone system. However, various studies have revealed a myriad of extra-skeletal functions, including cell differentiation and proliferation, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties in various cells and tissues. Vit D mediates its function via regulation of gene expression by binding to its receptor (VDR) which is expressed in almost all cells within the body. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of vit D, emphasizing its anti-inflammatory effect on different organ systems. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and epigenetic effects of vit D and VDR on the expression of genes pertaining to immunity and anti-inflammation. We speculate that in the context of inflammation, vit D and its receptor VDR might fulfill their roles as gene regulators through not only direct gene regulation but also through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Krajewska M, Witkowska-Sędek E, Rumińska M, Kucharska AM, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Sobol M, Majcher A, Pyrżak B. The link between vitamin D, chemerin and metabolic profile in overweight and obese children - preliminary results. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1143755. [PMID: 37152969 PMCID: PMC10159269 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1143755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D affects adipogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, secretion of adipocytokines, lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Some researchers postulate that those effects could be exerted by the influence of vitamin D on chemerin levels. Aim of the study We aimed to investigate if there is a link between serum 25-hydroksyvitamin D [25(OH)D], chemerin and metabolic profile in overweight and obese children before and after vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods The prospective study included 65 overweight and obese children aged 9.08-17.5 years and 26 peers as a control. None of the patients in the study group had received vitamin D within the last twelve months before the study. Results The study group had lower baseline 25(OH)D (p<0.001) and higher chemerin (p<0.001), triglycerides (TG, p<0.001), triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C, p<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP, p<0.05), fasting insulin (p<0.001), Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR, p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p<0.001) and uric acid (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Baseline vitamin D was related to fasting insulin (R=-0.29, p=0.021), HOMA-IR (R=-0.30, p=0.016), HDL-C (R=0.29, p=0.020) and uric acid (R=-0.28, p=0.037) in the study group. Baseline chemerin was related to insulin at 30' (R=0.27, p=0.030), 60' (R=0.27, p=0.033), 90' (R=0.26, p=0.037) and 120' (R=0.26, p=0.040) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and ALT (R=0.25, p=0.041) in the study group. Correlation between vitamin D and chemerin (R=-0.39, p=0.046) was found only in the control group. After six months of vitamin D supplementation a decrease in CRP (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.05), ALT (p<0.01), glucose at 150' OGTT (p<0.05) was observed. Moreover, we noticed a tendency for negative association between 25(OH)D and chemerin levels (p=0.085). Multivariable backward linear regression models were build using baseline vitamin D, baseline chemerin and six months chemerin as the dependent variables. Conclusions Our study confirmed that vitamin D has positive effect on metabolic profile in overweight and obese children. The relationship between vitamin D and chemerin is not clear, nevertheless we have observed a tendency to decrease chemerin concentrations after improving vitamin D status, even without a significant reduction in body fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krajewska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Maria Krajewska,
| | | | - Małgorzata Rumińska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Kucharska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sobol
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majcher
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrżak
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Obradovic M, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Gluvic Z, Banjac K, Rizzo M, Isenovic ER. The Na +/K +-ATPase: A potential therapeutic target in cardiometabolic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150171. [PMID: 36926029 PMCID: PMC10011626 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are a direct consequence of modern living and contribute to the development of multisystem diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM). CMD has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. A sodium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) is found in most eukaryotic cells' membrane and controls many essential cellular functions directly or indirectly. This ion transporter and its isoforms are important in the pathogenesis of some pathological processes, including CMD. The structure and function of Na+/K+-ATPase, its expression and distribution in tissues, and its interactions with known ligands such as cardiotonic steroids and other suspected endogenous regulators are discussed in this review. In addition, we reviewed recent literature data related to the involvement of Na+/K+-ATPase activity dysfunction in CMD, focusing on the Na+/K+-ATPase as a potential therapeutic target in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjac
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- School of Medicine, Promise Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manfredi Rizzo,
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Korkmaz HA, Özkan B. Impact of Obesity on Bone Metabolism in Children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:557-565. [PMID: 35393850 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease that can increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, hypertension, and other health problems that affect the musculoskeletal system. There is a complex interaction between obesity and bone metabolism. In children with obesity, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway causes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes via osteoblasts, in which results in low bone mass and osteoporosis. Systemic inflammation in obesity has negative effects on bone metabolism. An increase in the number and size of adipose tissue and adipocytokines secreted from adipocytes affect the bone mass of the whole body with hormonal and biochemical effects. The skeletal effects of obesity are mediated by higher oxidative stress and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Osteoporosis due to obesity has increased morbidity and mortality in recent years, resulting in important health problems in developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Anıl Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr Behcet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr Behcet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Zdanowicz K, Bobrus-Chociej A, Lebensztejn DM. Chemerin as Potential Biomarker in Pediatric Diseases: A PRISMA-Compliant Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030591. [PMID: 35327393 PMCID: PMC8945351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the main source of adipokines and therefore serves not only as a storage organ, but also has an endocrine effect. Chemerin, produced mainly in adipocytes and liver, is a natural ligand for chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), which have been identified in many tissues and organs. The role of this protein is an active area of research, and recent analyses suggest that chemerin contributes to angiogenesis, adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Many studies confirm that this molecule is associated with obesity in both children and adults. We conducted a systematic review of data from published studies evaluating chemerin in children with various disease entities. We searched PubMed to identify eligible studies published prior to February 2022. A total of 36 studies were selected for analysis after a detailed investigation, which was intended to leave only the research studies. Moreover, chemerin seems to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular and digestive diseases. The purpose of this review was to describe the latest advances in knowledge of the role of chemerin in the pathogenesis of various diseases from studies in pediatric patients. The mechanisms underlying the function of chemerin in various diseases in children are still being investigated, and growing evidence suggests that this adipokine may be a potential prognostic biomarker for a wide range of diseases.
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WANG G, ZHANG J, ZHANG K, ZHAO Q, ZHOU F, XU J, XUE W, ZHANG C, FU C. Possible action mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation in combating obesity and obesity-related issues of bone health: a mini review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing WANG
- the Sixth Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jie ZHANG
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Kailong ZHANG
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Qingqing ZHAO
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Fang ZHOU
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
| | - Jie XU
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
| | - Wenshuang XUE
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
| | - Chunye ZHANG
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Caili FU
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
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Association between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212126. [PMID: 34831882 PMCID: PMC8618958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bone mass acquisition during growth is a major determinant of the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Body composition is an anthropometric determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and significantly influences its development during childhood and adolescence. Objective: This study aimed to systematically examine the association between body composition and bone mineral density in children and adolescents. Methods: Observational studies addressing this association were identified from PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library (up to January 2021). The study populations consisted of healthy children and adolescents. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates of effect size and the respective 95% confidence intervals for upper limbs, femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS) and total body, respectively. Subgroup analyses were further performed based on age, sex and ethnicity. Results: Thirty-one published studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis, including three longitudinal studies. The combined population from all the studies amounted to 21,393 (11,205 males and 10,188 females). The pooled estimates of the correlation coefficients for lean mass (LM) and BMD ranged from 0.53 to 0.74 (p < 0.050), and the pooled regression coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 0.79 for FN, LS and total body (p < 0.050). For fat mass (FM), the pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 (p < 0.050) and the pooled regression coefficient was only significant for FN BMD with a weak strength (pooled β = 0.07, p < 0.050). The pooled regression coefficients for body fat percentage (BF%) were between −0.54 and −0.04 (p < 0.050). The subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in Asians than in Caucasians for LM and in males compared to females for BF% (p < 0.050). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis supports a positive association between LM and BMD. BF% appears to have a deleterious effect on bone acquisition in children and adolescents.
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The "Adipo-Cerebral" Dialogue in Childhood Obesity: Focus on Growth and Puberty. Physiopathological and Nutritional Aspects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103434. [PMID: 34684432 PMCID: PMC8539184 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are overwhelming problems in western countries. Adipocytes, far from being only fat deposits, are capable of endocrine functions, and the endocrine activity of adipose tissue, resumable in adipokines production, seems to be a key modulator of central nervous system function, suggesting the existence of an “adipo-cerebral axis.” This connection exerts a key role in children growth and puberty development, and it is exemplified by the leptin–kisspeptin interaction. The aim of this review was to describe recent advances in the knowledge of adipose tissue endocrine functions and their relations with nutrition and growth. The peculiarities of major adipokines are briefly summarized in the first paragraph; leptin and its interaction with kisspeptin are focused on in the second paragraph; the third paragraph deals with the regulation of the GH-IGF axis, with a special focus on the model represented by growth hormone deficiency (GHD); finally, old and new nutritional aspects are described in the last paragraph.
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Mosavat M, Mirsanjari M, Lwaleed BA, Kamarudin M, Omar SZ. Adipocyte-Specific Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (AFABP) and Chemerin in Association with Gestational Diabetes: A Case-Control Study. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5533802. [PMID: 34007846 PMCID: PMC8100411 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5533802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines participate in regulating the inflammatory response in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. However, among these peptides, the role of adipocyte-specific fatty-acid-binding protein (AFABP), chemerin, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in gestational diabetes (GDM) has not been fully investigated. METHOD The maternal fasting level of adipocytokines of 53 subjects with GDM and 43 normal pregnant (NGDM) was measured using multiplex immunoassay at 24-28 weeks, before delivery, immediate postpartum, and 2-6 months postpuerperium. RESULTS Higher levels of AFABP were associated with a 3.7-fold higher risk of GDM. Low chemerin levels were associated with a 3.6-fold higher risk of GDM. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was inversely associated with the risk of GDM. SPARC had no association with GDM. AFABP was directly correlated to interleukin-6 (r = 0.50), insulin resistance index (r = 0.26), and body mass index (r = 0.28) and inversely correlated to C-reactive protein (r = -0.27). Chemerin levels were directly and strongly correlated with IL-10 (r = 0.41) and interleukin-4 (r = 0.50) and inversely correlated to insulin resistance index (r = -0.23) in GDM but not NGDM. In the longitudinal assessment, there were no significant differences in AFABP and chemerin concentrations of both studied groups. CONCLUSION AFABP and chemerin were associated with a higher risk of GDM. These adipocytokines were related to insulin resistance, body mass index, and inflammation in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mosavat
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mitra Mirsanjari
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Fereidonkenar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | | - Maherah Kamarudin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zawiah Omar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Calcaterra V, Regalbuto C, Porri D, Pelizzo G, Mazzon E, Vinci F, Zuccotti G, Fabiano V, Cena H. Inflammation in Obesity-Related Complications in Children: The Protective Effect of Diet and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1324. [PMID: 32947869 PMCID: PMC7564478 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem in both children and adults, impairing physical and mental state and impacting health care system costs in both developed and developing countries. It is well-known that individuals with excessive weight gain frequently develop obesity-related complications, which are mainly known as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and many other risk factors proven to be associated with chronic inflammation, causing disability and reduced life expectancy. This review aims to present and discuss complications related to inflammation in pediatric obesity, the critical role of nutrition and diet in obesity-comorbidity prevention and treatment, and the impact of lifestyle. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of pediatric overweight and obesity is recommended for overall healthy growth and prevention of comorbidities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (H.C.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Samaranayake DBDL, Adikaram SGS, Atapattu N, Kendaragama KMDLD, Senevirathne JTN, Jayasekera HD, Wickramasinghe VP. Vitamin D supplementation in obese Sri Lankan children: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:426. [PMID: 32891139 PMCID: PMC7487456 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micronutrient deficiencies are identified among obese individuals. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent in obese children, and is hypothesized to cause insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on obesity and related metabolic abnormalities among obese Sri Lankan children with VDD. Methods A triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted among vitamin D deficient (< 20 ng/ml), obese children (n = 96), randomly allocated to three intervention arms - treatment arm receiving weekly vitamin D2 50,000 IU; supplementation arm receiving 2500 IU weekly and control arm, receiving placebo. Anthropometry, percentage fat mass (%FM) and blood pressure were assessed and fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, aspartate transaminase (ALT), alanine transaminase (AST), vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hs-CRP and OGTT with 2-h random blood glucose and insulin was performed at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. Ethics Review Committee of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo approved the protocol. Results Waist circumference Z-score, %FM and serum calcium significantly improved across all three arms, ALT significantly improved in treatment and supplementation arms while, BMI Z-score, PTH and vitamin D significantly improved in the treatment arm. Biceps (p = 0.035) and subscapular (0.048) skin fold thickness, vitamin D (p = 0.004) and ALT (p = 0.012) significantly improved in the treatment arm. Conclusions A strict dietary and physical activity regimen could improve some of the anthropometric, body composition and metabolic profiles, but high dose vitamin D, enhances those improvements. Therefore high dose vitamin D seems to potentiate management outcomes of obese children with vitamin D deficiency. Trial registration The study was registered at the Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (SLCTR/2015/017) on 12th September 2015 at https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2015-017.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B D L Samaranayake
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - N Atapattu
- Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - J T N Senevirathne
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - H D Jayasekera
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - V P Wickramasinghe
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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14
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Simunovic M, Supe-Domic D, Karin Z, Degoricija M, Paradzik M, Skrabic R, Jukic A, Bozic J, Skrabic V. The Relationship of Vitamin D Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Activity in Obese Children and Adolescents. J Med Food 2020; 24:385-393. [PMID: 32783677 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a range of chronic diseases, including childhood obesity. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese children and adolescents ranges from 6.5% to 57%. This cross-sectional study included 92 obese patients with body mass index z-score >2 and 39 subjects in the control group. Anthropometric and laboratory patient assessment were performed, including the fasting 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED index), while physical activity was evaluated by Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). Serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in obese subjects compared to the control group (52.0 ± 17.93 vs. 64.09 ± 25.82 nmol/L, P = .003). The subgroup of obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to the subgroup of obese patients without MS and the control group (46.99 ± 17.11 vs. 54.58 ± 17.93 vs. 64.09 ± 25.82 nmol/L, P = .003). Obese patients with MS had lower PAQ score when compared to obese without MS and the control group (2.32 ± 0.55 vs. 2.49 ± 0.67 vs. 2.85 ± 0.63 nmol/L, P = .002), while no significant differences were observed in the KIDMED index (4.23 ± 1.81 vs. 4.21 ± 2.13 vs. 4.87 ± 2.29, P = .251), respectively. PAQ score was in positive correlation with serum levels of 25(OH)D (r = 0.305, P < .001). This study demonstrated that obese children and adolescents have significantly lower values of serum 25(OH)D. The positive correlation between vitamin D and PAQ score points to the importance of physical activity in the prevention of further cardiovascular complications and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Simunovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Daniela Supe-Domic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Karin
- Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | - Marina Degoricija
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Paradzik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Roko Skrabic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrija Jukic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Veselin Skrabic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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15
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Lane JC, Butler KL, Poveda-Marina JL, Martinez-Laguna D, Reyes C, de Bont J, Javaid MK, Logue J, Compston JE, Cooper C, Duarte-Salles T, Furniss D, Prieto-Alhambra D. Preschool Obesity Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Childhood Fracture: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 466,997 Children and Up to 11 Years of Follow-up in Catalonia, Spain. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1022-1030. [PMID: 32266748 PMCID: PMC7116071 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if having an overweight or obese range body mass index (BMI) at time of beginning school is associated with increased fracture incidence in childhood. A dynamic cohort was created from children presenting for routine preschool primary care screening, collected in the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) platform in Catalonia, Spain. Data were collected from 296 primary care centers representing 74% of the regional pediatric population. A total of 466,997 children (48.6% female) with a validated weight and height measurement within routine health care screening at age 4 years (±6 months) between 2006 and 2013 were included, and followed up to the age of 15, migration out of region, death, or until December 31, 2016. BMI was calculated at age 4 years and classified using WHO growth tables, and fractures were identified using previously validated ICD10 codes in electronic primary care records, divided by anatomical location. Actuarial lifetables were used to calculate cumulative incidence. Cox regression was used to investigate the association of BMI category and fracture risk with adjustment for socioeconomic status, age, sex, and nationality. Median follow-up was 4.90 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.50 to 7.61). Cumulative incidence of any fracture during childhood was 9.20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79% to 14.61%) for underweight, 10.06% (9.82% to 10.29%) for normal weight, 11.28% (10.22% to 12.35%) for overweight children, and 13.05% (10.69% to 15.41%) for children with obesity. Compared with children of normal range weight, having an overweight and obese range BMI was associated with an excess risk of lower limb fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42 [1.26 to 1.59]; 1.74 [1.46 to 2.06], respectively) and upper limb fracture (adjusted HR = 1.10 [1.03 to 1.17]; 1.19 [1.07 to 1.31]). Overall, preschool children with an overweight or obese range BMI had increased incidence of upper and lower limb fractures in childhood compared with contemporaries of normal weight. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ce Lane
- NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine L Butler
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Jose Luis Poveda-Marina
- GREMPAL Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol) and CIBERFes, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Martinez-Laguna
- GREMPAL Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol) and CIBERFes, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlen Reyes
- GREMPAL Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol) and CIBERFes, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen de Bont
- GREMPAL Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol) and CIBERFes, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muhammad Kassim Javaid
- NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Logue
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- GREMPAL Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol) and CIBERFes, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominic Furniss
- NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,GREMPAL Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol) and CIBERFes, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Long-Term Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Obese Children During Integrated Weight-Loss Programme-A Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041093. [PMID: 32326621 PMCID: PMC7230345 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D was studied in regards to its possible impact on body mass reduction and metabolic changes in adults and children with obesity yet there were no studies assessing the impact of vitamin D supplementation during a weight management program in children and adolescence. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of 26 weeks of vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese children undergoing an integrated 12–months’ long weight loss program on body mass reduction, body composition and bone mineral density. Methods: A double–blind randomized placebo–controlled trial. Vitamin D deficient patients (<30 ng/ml level of vitamin D) aged 6–14, participating in multidisciplinary weight management program were randomly allocated to receiving vitamin D (1200 IU) or placebo for the first 26 weeks of the intervention. Results: Out of the 152 qualified patients, 109 (72%) completed a full cycle of four visits scheduled in the program. There were no difference in the level of BMI (body mass index) change – both raw BMI and BMI centiles. Although the reduction of BMI centiles was greater in the vitamin D vs. placebo group (−4.28 ± 8.43 vs. −2.53 ± 6.10) the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.319). Similarly the reduction in fat mass—assessed both using bioimpedance and DEXa was achieved, yet the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study ads substantial results to support the thesis on no effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight reduction in children and adolescents with vitamin D insufficiency undergoing a weight management program.
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17
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Hauger H, Laursen RP, Ritz C, Mølgaard C, Lind MV, Damsgaard CT. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:873-884. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Adikaram SGS, Samaranayake DBDL, Atapattu N, Kendaragama KMDLD, Senevirathne JTN, Wickramasinghe VP. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic derangements among children with obesity. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:186. [PMID: 31176378 PMCID: PMC6555946 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency and observational studies have shown vitamin D deficiency to be linked with the development of type 2 diabetes. There are no comprehensive data regarding vitamin D deficiency in children with obesity in Sri Lanka and the objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic derangements among children with obesity. Methodology Two hundred and two children between 5 and 15 years of age attending the obesity clinic Lady Ridgeway Hospital (LRH) were recruited excluding those having possible secondary causes for obesity. Blood was drawn after 12-h overnight fast for fasting blood glucose(FBG), lipid profile, serum insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone(PTH),high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done with 2 h random blood glucose. Anthropometry, blood pressure were measured, and body fat mass was assessed using bio-impedance. Results Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) was seen in 152(75.2%) children and 43(21.3%) had insufficient (20-30 ng/ml) levels. Skin fold thickness, fasting and post-glucose insulin, HOMA-IR, PTH, LDL, Serum cholesterol and hs-CRP showed statistically significant negative correlations with Vitamin D levels. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency was significantly high in Sri Lankan children with obesity and showed significant negative correlations with indicators of insulin resistance and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G S Adikaram
- Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - D B D L Samaranayake
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - N Atapattu
- Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - J T N Senevirathne
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - V Pujitha Wickramasinghe
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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19
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Filgueiras MS, Rocha NP, Novaes JF, Bressan J. Vitamin D status, oxidative stress, and inflammation in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:660-669. [PMID: 30596263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is considered a global public health problem with high prevalence in children and adolescents. The majority of the studies in the literature have identified a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and obesity, as well as other traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Scarce studies address vitamin D status with oxidative stress and inflammation in the young population. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence of the association of vitamin D status with oxidative stress and inflammation in children and adolescents. This is a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline on reporting systematic reviews. Eight studies were selected for this review. All included studies evaluated inflammatory biomarkers and two out of eight evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress. The majority of the studies (five out of eight) found association of vitamin D status with biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cathepsin S, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, 3-nitrotyrosine, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Vitamin D status is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in the majority of the studies with children and adolescents. Thus, the assessment of vitamin D status is important because it is associated with nontraditional cardiometabolic markers in the pediatric population (review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018109307).
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Filgueiras
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N P Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J F Novaes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Moschonis G, Androutsos O, Hulshof T, Dracopoulou M, Chrousos GP, Manios Y. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with insulin resistance independently of obesity in primary schoolchildren. The healthy growth study. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:866-873. [PMID: 29608042 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the associations of vitamin D status and obesity with insulin resistance (IR) in children. METHODS A sample of 2282 schoolchildren (9-13 years old) in Greece was examined. Sociodemographic, anthropometric (weight, height), biochemical (fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and 25(OH)D), pubertal status and physical activity data were collected, using standard methods. The "Vitamin D Standardization Program" protocol was applied to standardize serum 25(OH)D values. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) was higher in obese children compared to their over- and normal-weight counterparts (60.5% vs 51.6% and 51%, P = .017). Furthermore, children with IR (both obese and non-obese) had higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency compared to non-obese, non-insulin resistant children (66% and 59.2% vs 49.8%, P < .05), possibly indicating that IR is associated with vitamin D insufficiency, independently of obesity. In line with the above, the results from logistic regression analyses controlled for several potential confounders, showed a 1.48 (95% C.I: 1.2-1.84) higher likelihood for vitamin D insufficiency for insulin resistant children compared to the non-insulin resistant ones, while no significant association was observed with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among schoolchildren in Greece, particularly among obese and insulin resistant ones. In addition, it highlighted that the significant association of vitamin D insufficiency with IR is possibly independent of obesity. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm this possible independent association but also explore the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on IR and possibly on weight management too.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moschonis
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Dracopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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21
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Plesner JL, Dahl M, Fonvig CE, Nielsen TRH, Kloppenborg JT, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC. Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency in Danish children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:53-61. [PMID: 29197860 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient serum concentrations of vitamin D are required to maintain bone health during growth. The aims of this study were to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among children and adolescents with obesity compared to their normal weight peers and to identify clinical and biochemical variables associated with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS One thousand four hundred and eighty-four children and adolescents with overweight/obesity and 2143 population-based controls were recruited from the Danish Childhood Obesity Biobank. Anthropometric variables and fasting concentrations of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D), plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphate were assessed at baseline. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OH-D concentrations <30 nmol/L. Linear and logistic regressions were used to identify variables associated with vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS A total of 16.5% of the children and adolescents with obesity (body mass index [BMI] standard deviation score [SDS]>2.33) exhibited vitamin D deficiency, with an odds ratio (OR) 3.41 (confidence interval [CI]: 2.27-5.71; p<0.0001) for being vitamin D deficient compared to their normal weight peers. BMI-SDS was independently and inversely associated with serum 25-OH-D concentrations. Other independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were being older than 14 years (OR: 2.39; CI: 1.28-4.48; p=0.006), more than 4 daily hours of screen time (OR: 4.56; CI: 2.59-8.05; p<0.0001) and blood sample assessment during winter-spring (OR: 6.44; CI: 4.47-9.26; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was common among Danish children and adolescents with obesity. The degree of obesity was independently associated with lower serum 25-OH-D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Lind Plesner
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Maria Dahl
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Cilius Esmann Fonvig
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Julie Tonsgaard Kloppenborg
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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22
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Dubern B. Dénutrition chez l’enfant et l’adolescent obèse. NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Sledzińska M, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Brzezinski M, Kaźmierska K, Sledziński T, Kamińska B. Serum chemerin in children with excess body weight may be associated with ongoing metabolic complications - A pilot study. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:383-386. [PMID: 28551507 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to verify if serum chemerin in children correlates with body weight, fat mass, selected inflammatory markers, parameters of liver function, lipid and glucose metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included children aged 5-17 years with normal body weight (<85th BMI percentile, n=43) or overweight (≥85th BMI percentile, n=58). Serum concentrations of chemerin were determined with ELISA. RESULTS Children with excess body weight presented with significantly higher serum concentrations of chemerin. Serum chemerin correlated positively with body weight, absolute BMI and its percentile, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, CRP, ALT, insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Serum level of chemerin may serve as a measure of ongoing obesity-related inflammation, early marker of subclinical liver dysfunction and metabolic syndrome in overweight pediatric patients.
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24
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Watanabe T, Watanabe-Kominato K, Takahashi Y, Kojima M, Watanabe R. Adipose Tissue-Derived Omentin-1 Function and Regulation. Compr Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28640441 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Omentin-1, also known as intelectin-1, is a recently identified novel adipocytokine of 313 amino acids, which is expressed in visceral (omental and epicardial) fat as well as mesothelial cells, vascular cells, airway goblet cells, small intestine, colon, ovary, and plasma. The level of omentin-1 expression in (pre)adipocytes is decreased by glucose/insulin and stimulated by fibroblast growth factor-21 and dexamethasone. Several lines of experimental evidence have shown that omentin-1 plays crucial roles in the maintenance of body metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and cardiovascular protective effects via AMP-activated protein kinase/Akt/nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK, JNK, and p38) signaling. Clinical studies have indicated the usage of circulating omentin-1 as a biomarker of obesity, metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. It is also possible to use circulating omentin-1 as a biomarker of bone metabolism, inflammatory diseases, cancers, sleep apnea syndrome, preeclampsia, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Decreased omentin-1 levels are generally associated with these diseases. However, omentin-1 increases to counteract the acute phase after onset of these diseases. These findings indicate that omentin-1 may be a negative risk factor for these diseases, and also act as an acute-phase reactant by its anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective effects. Therapeutic strategies to restore omentin-1 levels may be valuable for the prevention or treatment of these diseases. Weight loss, olive oil-rich diet, aerobic training, and treatment with atorvastatin and antidiabetic drugs (metformin, pioglitazone, and exenatide) are effective means of increasing circulating omentin-1 levels. This review provides insights into the potential use of omentin-1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:765-781, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Watanabe-Kominato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kojima
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji-City, Tokyo, Japan
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Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Brzeziński M, Jankowska A, Metelska P, Słomińska-Frączek M, Socha P. Long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient obese children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme (a double-blind placebo-controlled study) - rationale for the study design. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:97. [PMID: 28376768 PMCID: PMC5379647 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated not only with an array of metabolic disorders (e.g. insulin resistance, hiperinsulinemia, impaired tolerance of glucose, lipid disorders) but also skeletal and joint abnormalities. Recently, a pleiotropic role of vitamin D has been emphasized. Obese children frequently present with vitamin D deficiency, and greater fat mass is associated with lower serum concentration of this vitamin. Although some evidence suggests that weight loss may affect vitamin D status, this issue has not been studied extensively thus far. The aim of a double-blind placebo-controlled study is to assess long-term health effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient obese children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme. Methods A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial analysing the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in overweight or obese vitamin D deficient (<30 ng/ml) children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme. Children are randomized to receive either vitamin D (1200 IU) or placebo for 26 weeks. Primary endpoints include changes in BMI (body mass index), body composition and bone mineral density at the end of the study period, and secondary endpoints – the changes in laboratory parameter reflecting liver and kidney function (transaminases, creatinine) and glucose homeostasis (glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test). Discussion The effects of vitamin D supplementation in obese individuals, especially children, subjected to a weight-loss program are still poorly understood. Considering physiological processes associated with puberty and adolescent growth, we speculate that supplementation may enhance weight reduction and prevent bone loss in obese children deficient in this vitamin. Trial registration NCT 02828228; Trial registration date: 8 Jun 2016; Registered in: ClinicalTrials.gov. The trial was registered retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Nowe Ogrody, 1-6 80-803, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Zwycięstwa 42a, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Nowe Ogrody, 1-6 80-803, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Metelska
- "6-10-14 for Health" University Clinical Centre, Dębinki 7, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Feeding Disorders, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 00-999, Warsaw, Poland
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Vitamin D and inflammatory markers: cross-sectional analyses using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e1. [PMID: 28620476 PMCID: PMC5465858 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers. However, there are limited studies investigating associations between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers in the general population and much of this evidence in older adults is inconclusive. Therefore, this study investigates the cross-sectional association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with inflammatory markers in 5870 older English adults from wave 6 (2012–2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). ELSA is a large prospective observational study of community-dwelling people aged 50 years and over in England. Serum 25(OH)D levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, plasma fibrinogen levels, white blood cell count (WBC), age, season of blood collection, waist circumference, total non-pension household wealth, measures of health and health behaviours that included depression, number of cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular conditions and difficulties in activities of daily living, smoking, and physical activity were measured. There was a significant negative association between low 25(OH)D levels (≤30 nmol/l) and CRP (OR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·51) and WBC (OR 1·35, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·60) that remained after adjustment for a wide range of covariates of clinical significance. However, for fibrinogen, the association did not remain significant when waist circumference was entered in the final model. Our findings showed that 25(OH)D levels were associated with two out the three inflammatory markers investigated. The independent and inverse association between serum 25(OH)D levels and inflammation suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role for vitamin D in older English individuals from the general population.
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Tromp IIM, Franco OH, van den Hooven EH, Heijboer AC, Jaddoe VWV, Duijts L, de Jongste JC, Moll HA, Kiefte-de Jong JC. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, asthma and eczema in childhood: The generation R study. Clin Nutr 2016; 37:169-176. [PMID: 28017448 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A role of vitamin D in the development of respiratory and allergic disease in children remains unclear. It may be likely that vitamin D has an effect on airway inflammation, but only few studies examined the effect in children. We aimed to examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D) concentrations are associated with the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), airway interrupter resistance (Rint), physician diagnosed asthma ever, wheezing and eczema in a population-based cohort study in 6 year old children. METHODS Serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentration was assessed in 3815 children. 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations ≥75 nmol/L were considered as sufficient, between 50 and 75 nmol/L as insufficient, and <50 nmol/L as deficient. FeNO and Rint were measured at the research center. Data on physician diagnosed asthma, wheezing, and eczema were obtained by parent-reported questionnaires. RESULTS In comparison with sufficient 25(OH) vitamin D concentration, deficient concentrations were associated with elevated FeNO of ≥25 ppb (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.34-4.80). In addition, deficient and insufficient 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations were associated with a lower Rint (Z-score: -1.26; 95% CI: -1.66 to -0.85) (ß: -0.75; 95% CI: -1.08 to -0.42), and increased risks of eczema (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.13-2.41) (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06-1.95). Insufficient 25(OH) vitamin D concentration were associated with a decreased risk of physician diagnosed asthma ever (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels are associated with elevated FeNO levels, but lower Rint values. Lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels are also associated with a decreased risk for asthma diagnoses but an increased risk for eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse I M Tromp
- From the Generation R Study Group, The Netherlands; Departments of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Departments of Epidemiology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- From the Generation R Study Group, The Netherlands; Departments of Epidemiology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Departments of Epidemiology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- Departments of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Departments of Epidemiology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Global Public Health, Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands; Departments of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bjørke-Monsen AL, Ulvik A, Nilsen RM, Midttun Ø, Roth C, Magnus P, Stoltenberg C, Vollset SE, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ueland PM. Impact of Pre-Pregnancy BMI on B Vitamin and Inflammatory Status in Early Pregnancy: An Observational Cohort Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120776. [PMID: 27916904 PMCID: PMC5188431 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition and inflammation have been suggested as mediators in the development of various adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal obesity. We have investigated the relation between pre-pregnancy BMI, B vitamin status, and inflammatory markers in a group of healthy pregnant women. Cobalamin, folate, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, and riboflavin; and the metabolic markers homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, and 3-hydroxykynurenine/xanthurenic acid ratio (HK/XA); and markers of cellular inflammation, neopterin and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) were determined in pregnancy week 18 and related to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), in 2797 women from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Pre-pregnancy BMI was inversely related to folate, cobalamin, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), and riboflavin (p < 0.001), and associated with increased neopterin and KTR levels (p < 0.001). Inflammation seemed to be an independent predictor of low vitamin B6 status, as verified by low PLP and high HK/XA ratio. A high pre-pregnancy BMI is a risk factor for low B vitamin status and increased cellular inflammation. As an optimal micronutrient status is vital for normal fetal development, the observed lower B vitamin levels may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal obesity and B vitamin status should be assessed in women with high BMI before they get pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roy M Nilsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Christine Roth
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
- Imprints Center for Genetic and Environmental Life Course Studies, Mailman School of Public Health and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Per Magnus
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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Koh GY, Rowling MJ, Schalinske KL, Grapentine K, Loo YT. Consumption of Dietary Resistant Starch Partially Corrected the Growth Pattern Despite Hyperglycemia and Compromised Kidney Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7540-7545. [PMID: 27665944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that feeding of dietary resistant starch (RS) prior to the induction of diabetes delayed the progression of diabetic nephropathy and maintained vitamin D balance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats. Here, we examined the impact of RS on kidney function and vitamin D homeostasis following STZ injection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered STZ and fed a standard diet containing cornstarch or 20, 10, or 5% RS for 4 weeks. T1D rats fed 10 and 20% RS, but not 5% RS, gained more weight than cornstarch-fed rats. Yet, renal health and glucose metabolism were not improved by RS. Our data suggest that RS normalized growth patterns in T1D rats after diabetes induction in a dose-dependent manner despite having no effect on blood glucose and vitamin D balances. Future interventions should focus on the preventative strategies with RS in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gar Yee Koh
- The Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Matthew J Rowling
- The Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kevin L Schalinske
- The Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kelly Grapentine
- The Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yi Ting Loo
- The Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Ozgurhan G, Vehapoglu A, Vermezoglu O, Temiz RN, Guney A, Hacihamdioglu B. Risk assessment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in pediatric patients with vitamin D deficiency: A questionnaire-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4632. [PMID: 27684795 PMCID: PMC5265888 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the following study is to evaluate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in subjects with vitamin D deficiency.Prospective and comparative study.We enrolled 240 subjects into the study. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels: low level of 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) group (n = 120) and control (>20 ng/mL) group (n = 120). Subjects were classified as being at a high or low risk of developing OSAS by using the Berlin Questionnaire. Risk of developing OSAS, gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) z-score were assessed by comparing the low level of 25(OH)D group and control group.No statistically significant difference was observed between the low level of 25(OH)D group and control group in terms of gender, age, and BMI z-score distributions; P = 0.323, P = 0.387, and P = 0.093, respectively. There were 24 subjects with high risk of developing OSAS in 2 groups (17 subjects in the low level of 25[OH]D group and 7 subjects in the control group). In the low level of 25(OH)D group, the risk of developing OSAS was found to be significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.030). BMI z-score was found significantly higher in high-risk groups than low-risk groups (P = 0.034 for low-level 25[OH]D group and P = 0.023 for control group).The findings revealed that low level of 25(OH)D increases the risk of developing OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ozgurhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Suleymaniye Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital
- Correspondence: Gamze Ozgurhan, Department of Pediatrics, Suleymaniye Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Telsiz Mah, Balikli Kazlicesme Yolu No: 1, Zeytinburnu, 34020 Istanbul, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Aysel Vehapoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oznur Vermezoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Suleymaniye Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital
| | - Rabia Nur Temiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Suleymaniye Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital
| | - Asuman Guney
- Department of Pediatrics, Suleymaniye Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital
| | - Bulent Hacihamdioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Suleymaniye Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital
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Abstract
There is still debate on whether high uric acid increases bone mineral density (BMD) against osteoporotic fracture or bone resorption caused by gout inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate whether gout offers a protective effect on bone health or not. We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between gout history and risk factors of fracture.A retrospective cohort study was designed using the claim data from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID). A total of 43,647 subjects with gout and a cohort of 87,294 comparison subjects without gout were matched in terms of age and sex between 2001 and 2009, and the data were followed until December 31, 2011. The primary outcome of the study was the fracture incidence, and the impacts of gout on fracture risks were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.After an 11-year follow-up period, 6992 and 11,412 incidents of fracture were reported in gout and comparison cohorts, respectively. The overall incidence rate of fracture in individuals with gout was nearly 23%, which was higher than that in individuals without gout (252 vs 205 per 10,000 person-years) at an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.17 (95% confidence interval = 1.14-1.21). Age, sex, and fracture-associated comorbidities were adjusted accordingly. As for fracture locations, patients with gout were found at significant higher fracture risks for upper/lower limbs and spine fractures. In gout patient, the user of allopurinol or benzbromarone has significantly lower risk of facture than nonusers.Gout history is considered as a risk factor for fractures, particularly in female individuals and fracture sites located at the spine or upper/lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Che-Chen Lin
- Healthcare Service Research Center (HSRC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of Nephrology
| | - Po-Hao Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of Rheumatology
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Chun-Hao Tsai, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, #91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Lee M, Ebert JR, Kadakia MP, Zhang J, Czerwinski SA. Inverse associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obese American children and adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:736-42. [PMID: 27135761 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese American children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 209 obese children (55% females, 25.8% black) aged between 6 and 19 years old. Study measurements included plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, blood pressure, lipids and oxidized LDL levels, insulin resistance (IR) indices from glucose, insulin and 5 hour oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Fifty-one percent of the children had vitamin D deficiency. Older age [OR (95% CI) = 1.16 (1.00, 1.35)], black race/ethnicity [15.39 (5.79, 40.92)], winter/spring season [3.46 (1.69, 7.02)] and higher body mass index (BMI) [1.05 (0.99, 1.11)] were associated with increased odds of having vitamin D deficiency. None of cardiometabolic risk factors examined were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency in age, race/ethnicity, season, and BMI adjusted models. In age, race/ethnicity, season and BMI adjusted models, total cholesterol (β = -0.001, P = 0.013), non-HDL-C (β = -0.001, P = 0.014), and oxidized LDL (β = -0.087, P = 0.045) were inversely associated with log-transformed 25(OH)D. An approximate 10 mg/dl increase in total cholesterol or in non-HDL-C was associated with an approximate 1.3% decrease in the geometric mean of 25(OH)D concentration. Further a 10% increase in ox-LDL levels was associated with an approximate 0.8% decrease in the geometric mean of 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in obese American children. There was evidence that some cardiometabolic risk factors including lipid levels and oxidized LDL levels were significantly inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration in our sample. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:736-742, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryoung Lee
- Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.
- Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.
| | - James R Ebert
- Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Stefan A Czerwinski
- Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
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Weight and skin colour as predictors of vitamin D status: results of an epidemiological investigation using nationally representative data. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:1857-1864. [PMID: 26868735 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current US dietary recommendations for vitamin D vary by age. Recent research suggests that body weight and skin colour are also major determinants of vitamin D status. The objective of the present epidemiological investigation was to clarify the role of age as a predictor of vitamin D status, while accounting for body weight and skin colour, among a nationally representative sample. DESIGN We calculated the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for the US population by age and weight, as well as by weight and race/ethnicity group. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to evaluate age and weight as predictors of vitamin D status: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with age alone, age and body weight, and age, body weight and their two-way interaction were modelled for the entire sample and each age subgroup. Graphical data were developed using B-spline non-linear regression. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (31 934 unweighted cases). SUBJECTS Individuals aged 1 year and older. RESULTS There were highly significant differences in mean vitamin D status among US residents by weight and skin colour, with those having darker skin colour or higher body weight having worse vitamin D status. Although a significant factor, the impact of age on vitamin D status was notably less than the impact of body weight. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D status varied predominantly by body weight and skin colour. Recommendations by nutritionists for diet and supplementation needs should take this into account if vitamin D-related health disparities are to be meaningfully reduced across the USA.
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Lee A, Kim SH, Nam CM, Kim YJ, Joo SH, Lee KR. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency in Korean Children and Adolescents and Associated Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3343/lmo.2016.6.2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- Seoul Medical Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| | - Se Hwi Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Soo-Ho Joo
- Seoul Medical Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
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35
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Davidson RK, Clark IM. Dietary intervention for osteoarthritis: Clinical trials after the ‘
B
one and
J
oint
D
ecade’. NUTR BULL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kotnik P, Fischer Posovszky P, Wabitsch M. Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Adipose Tissue in Children and Adolescents. Zdr Varst 2015; 54:131-8. [PMID: 27646920 PMCID: PMC4820166 DOI: 10.1515/sjph-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is implicated in many endocrine and metabolic processes. Leptin was among the first identified adipose-secreted factors, which act in an auto-, para- and endocrine manner. Since leptin, many other adipose tissue factors were determined, some primarily secreted from the adipocytes, some from other cells of the adipose tissue. So-called adipokines are not only involved in obesity and its complications, as are insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and other components of the metabolic syndrome, but also in growth, reproduction, bone metabolism, immune response, cancer development and many other important biological processes. Research in the field of adipokines has revealed new insights into the physiological and pathophysiologal processes and opened new therapeutic possibilities. In the present article, a special emphasis is devoted to research in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Kotnik
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Recently discovered adipokines and cardio-metabolic comorbidities in childhood obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19760-76. [PMID: 25356508 PMCID: PMC4264137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) asset, in terms of cell number, fat storage capacity and endocrine function, is largely determined in early stages of life and is pivotal for shaping the WAT pro-inflammatory behavior. WAT derived adipokines have been shown to play a main role in several cardio-metabolic abnormalities of obesity. This review focuses on the most recently identified adipokines, namely adipocyte-fatty acid-binding protein, chemerin, fibroblast growth factor-21, lipocalin-2, omentin-1 and vaspin; their role in the pathogenesis of obesity and associated cardio-metabolic abnormalities; and on their adaptive response to body weight change. Evidence consistently suggests a pathogenic role for A-FABP, chemerin and FGF-21. Nevertheless, large population studies are needed to verify whether they can be useful to predict the risk of cardio-metabolic abnormalities in adulthood and/or monitor the clinical response to therapeutic interventions.
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Vitamin D and Cardiometabolic Disorders. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2014; 21:251-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-014-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Irani M, Merhi Z. Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:460-468.e3. [PMID: 24933120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report an update on the role of vitamin D (VD) in ovarian physiology with a focus on genes involved in steroidogenesis, follicular development, and ovarian reserve, as well as ovulatory dysfunction associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian response to assisted reproductive technology (ART). DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Human, animal, and cell culture models. INTERVENTION(S) Pubmed literature search. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Granulosa cell function, serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH), AMH and its receptor gene expression, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), PCOS parameters, and ART outcome. RESULT(S) In human granulosa cells, VD alters AMH signaling, FSH sensitivity, and progesterone production and release, indicating a possible physiologic role for VD in ovarian follicular development and luteinization. In the serum, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D) is positively correlated with AMH, and appropriate VD supplementation in VD-depleted women can suppress the seasonal changes that occur in serum AMH. In VD-deficient women with PCOS, VD supplementation lowers the abnormally elevated serum AMH levels, possibly indicating a mechanism by which VD improves folliculogenesis. The antiinflammatory sRAGE serum levels significantly increase in women with PCOS after VD replacement. Although follicular fluid 25OH-D correlates with IVF outcomes, there is a lack of data pertaining to the impact of VD supplementation on pregnancy rates following IVF. CONCLUSION(S) This review underscores the need for understanding the mechanistic actions of VD in ovarian physiology and the critical need for randomized trials to elucidate the impact of VD supplementation on controlled ovarian hyperstimulation/IVF outcome and ovulatory dysfunction associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Irani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Zaher Merhi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
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Gunta SS, Mak RH. Hypertension in children with obesity. World J Hypertens 2014; 4:15-24. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v4.i2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity related hypertension has dramatically increased in children with the parallel increase in pediatric obesity. This pediatric health problem may adversely affect cardiovascular health in adult life. The pathogenesis of hypertension in obese children is not widely understood. We therefore undertake this review to raise public awareness. Early childhood parameters like birth weight and postnatal weight gain may play important roles in risk for obesity and obesity related hypertension later in childhood and adult life. Further information is required to confirm this origin of hypertension so that appropriate measures are taken in the peri-natal period. The role of sympathetic nervous system has now been well established as one of the principle mechanisms involved in obesity related hypertension. The Renin-Angiotensin system, insulin resistance due to obesity and as a part of metabolic syndrome along with imbalance in adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, cause activation of the sympathetic system, vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction and sodium reabsorption among other perturbations. Multi-step interventions targeting these various mechanisms are required to break the cycle of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency, sleep apnea due to airway obstruction and hyperuricemia may also play a significant role and should not be ignored in its early stages. Obesity is a risk factor for other co-morbid conditions like chronic kidney disease and fatty liver which further accentuate the risk of hypertension. Increased awareness is required to prevent, diagnose and treat obesity related hypertension among the pediatric population.
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Kheirandish-Gozal L, Peris E, Gozal D. Vitamin D levels and obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Sleep Med 2014; 15:459-63. [PMID: 24684979 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common health problem in children. African American (AA) and obese children have higher prevalence of OSA, and are also at a higher risk of reduced vitamin D levels. We hypothesised that OSA would be associated with lower levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and increase in the risk of metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study, 176 prospectively recruited children (mean age: 6.8±0.8 years) underwent overnight polysomnographic evaluation and a fasting blood draw the morning after the sleep study. In addition to lipid profile, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) assays and plasma 25(OH)D levels were assessed using ELISA kits. RESULTS AA children, obese children and children with OSA had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels. Linear associations emerged between 25(OH)D plasma levels and body mass index (BMI) z-score, hsCRP and HOMA-IR, as well as with apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) nadir, the latter two associations remaining statistically significant even when controlling for all other potential confounders, and independently accounting for 17.7% of the variance in 25(OH)D (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D levels are reduced in paediatric OSA, in AA children and in obese children, particularly when all are present, and may play a role in modulating the degree of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. The short-term and long-term significance of reduced 25(OH)D in paediatric OSA remains undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Eduard Peris
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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De Vita F, Lauretani F, Bauer J, Bautmans I, Shardell M, Cherubini A, Bondi G, Zuliani G, Bandinelli S, Pedrazzoni M, Dall’Aglio E, Ceda GP, Maggio M. Relationship between vitamin D and inflammatory markers in older individuals. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9694. [PMID: 25086618 PMCID: PMC4150893 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In older persons, vitamin D insufficiency and a subclinical chronic inflammatory status frequently coexist. Vitamin D has immune-modulatory and in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is inconclusive evidence about the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin D in older subjects. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and inflammatory markers in a population-based study of older individuals. After excluding participants with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥ 10 mg/dl and those who were on chronic anti-inflammatory treatment, we evaluated 867 older adults ≥65 years from the InCHIANTI Study. Participants had complete data on serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, hsCRP, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF-α receptors 1 and 2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10, IL-18, IL-6, and soluble IL-6 receptors (sIL6r and sgp130). Two general linear models were fit (model 1-adjusted for age, sex, and parathyroid hormone (PTH); model 2-including covariates of model 1 plus dietary and smoking habits, physical activity, ADL disability, season, osteoporosis, depressive status, and comorbidities). The mean age was 75.1 ± 17.1 years ± SD. In model 1, log(25OH-D) was significantly and inversely associated with log(IL-6) (β ± SE = -0.11 ± 0.03, p = <0.0001) and log (hsCRP) (β ± SE = -0.04 ± 0.02, p = 0.04) and positively associated with log(sIL6r) (β ± SE = 0.11 ± 0.04, p = 0.003) but not with other inflammatory markers. In model 2, log (25OH-D) remained negatively associated with log (IL-6) (β ± SE = -0.10 ± 0.03, p = 0.0001) and positively associated with log(sIL6r) (β ± SE = 0.11 ± 0.03, p = 0.004) but not with log(hsCRP) (β ± SE = -0.01 ± 0.03, p = 0.07). 25(OH)D is independently and inversely associated with IL-6 and positively with sIL6r, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory role for vitamin D in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Vita
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
- />Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Emilia-Romagna Region, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- />Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Emilia-Romagna Region, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Juergen Bauer
- />Department of Geriatric Medicine, Klinikum Oldenburg, Geriatric Centre Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- />The Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michelle Shardell
- />Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- />Department of Geriatrics, Research Hospital of Ancona, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuliana Bondi
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- />Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pedrazzoni
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dall’Aglio
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Ceda
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
- />Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Emilia-Romagna Region, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Marcello Maggio
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
- />Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Emilia-Romagna Region, via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126 Italy
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Ryu OH, Lee S, Yu J, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Mantero F. A prospective randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus of Korea. Endocr J 2014; 61:167-76. [PMID: 24240575 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is little evidence that vitamin D supplementation improves glucose intolerance. We evaluated the glucose-lowering effect of vitamin D in Korean T2DM subjects. We enrolled 158 T2DM patients who had stable glycemic control [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <8.5%] and vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/mL. The participants were randomized into two groups: Placebo (100 mg daily of elemental calcium administered twice a day) or Vitamin D (1000 IU daily of cholecalciferol combined with 100 mg of elemental calcium administered twice a day). We compared outdoor physical activity, glycemic control, homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), during the 24-week intervention. We analyzed the data of 129 participants (placebo =65, vitamin D =64) who completely followed the protocol. Outdoor physical activity and oral anti-diabetic drugs did not differ between the groups. While there were significant differences in the vitamin D levels (15.6 ± 7.1 ng/mL vs 30.2 ± 10.8 ng/mL, P<0.001) and change in PTH levels (1.4 ± 15.3 pg/mL vs -5.5 ± 9.8 pg/mL, P=0.003) between the placebo and vitamin D groups, there were no differences in HbA1c (7.27 ± 0.87% vs 7.40 ± 0.90%) (P=0.415) and HOMA-IR. Serum calcium and kidney function results showed that the vitamin D supplementation was safe. While vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective in the attainment of vitamin D sufficiency, it had no effect on long-term glycemic control for T2DM in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohk-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Cardiometabolic diseases and related complications: current status and future perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:467682. [PMID: 24224165 PMCID: PMC3809929 DOI: 10.1155/2013/467682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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