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Tosi M, Matelloni IA, Mancini M, Andreassi A, Scopari A, Rossi A, Verduci E, Berra C, Manfrini R, Banderali G, Pecori Giraldi F, Folli F. Multiple beneficial effects of 1-year nutritional-behavioral intervention on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese boys. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2331-2342. [PMID: 37069323 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is on the rise worldwide increasing the risk for metabolic, cardiovascular and liver diseases in children. Eating habits and lifestyle changes are currently the standard of care for treating pediatric obesity. Our study aimed to determine the impact of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the Health Eating Plate, on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese and overweight boys. METHODS We studied 126 overweight/obese boys with anthropometric measurements, blood biochemistry and nutrient intakes evaluation by means of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline, at 6 and 12 months after a nutritional-behavioral intervention. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intakes. BMI-SDS significantly decreased after 1 year with the proportion of obese boys decreasing by 33% and of overweight boys by 41%, while also all fat mass measures decreased both in obese and overweight individuals. In obese boys, ALT decreased significantly after 1-year nutritional intervention and these changes correlated with BMI-SDS reduction. Insulin-resistance and secretion indexes correlated with fat mass and BMI-SDS. In obese boys, significant changes were observed at 6 months for insulin concentrations, 1/HOMA-IR and QUICKI. With regard to the lipid profile, significant decreases were observed for total and LDL cholesterol in obese boys. CONCLUSION Metabolic and anthropometric risk factors in overweight and obese boys can be improved by a nutritional-behavioral intervention of 1-year duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tosi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - I A Matelloni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Andreassi
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Scopari
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Berra
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - R Manfrini
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - G Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Folli
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Prior E, Uthaya SN, Gale C. Measuring body composition in children: research and practice. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2023:archdischild-2022-324920. [PMID: 36813541 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Prior
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sabita N Uthaya
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.,Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chris Gale
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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Ortiz-Marrón H, Ortiz-Pinto MA, Cabañas Pujadas G, Martínez Mosquera JG, Lorente Miñarro M, Menchero Pinos F, Ordobás Gavín M, Galán I. Tracking and risk of abdominal and general obesity in children between 4 and 9 years of age. The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN). BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:198. [PMID: 35413845 PMCID: PMC9004048 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that overweight and obesity conditions tend to be stable from childhood and adolescence to adulthood. Unfortunately, little is known about the evolution of abdominal obesity during childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations and risk of general and abdominal obesity between 4, 6, and 9 years of age. METHODS Measurements of children in the ELOIN study taken at the three follow-ups of 4, 6, and 9 years of age were included (N = 1,902). Body mass index and waist circumference were recorded via physical examination. General obesity was determined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and abdominal obesity according to the cut-off points proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated by sex and family affluence using generalized estimating equation models and relative risks (RRs) of obesity were obtained via Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of general obesity was 5.1%, 9.1%, and 15.6% at 4, 6, and 9 years, respectively, yielding a PR of 3.05 (95%CI: 2.55-3.60) (9 years old relative to 4 years). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 6.8%, 8.4%, 14.5% at 4, 6, and 9 years, respectively, and the PR was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.82-2.51) (9 years old relative to 4 years). An inverse correlation was observed between both general and abdominal obesity and socioeconomic status. Among participants with general or abdominal obesity at 4 years of age, 77.3% and 63.6% remained in their obesity classification at 9 years, respectively, and 3.4% and 3.5% presented general or abdominal obesity also at 6 and 9 years of age, respectively. The RRs of general and abdominal obesity at 9 years were 4.61 (95%CI: 2.76-7.72) and 4.14 (95%CI: 2.65-6.48) for children classified with obesity at 4 years of age, increased to 9.36 (95%CI: 7.72-11.35) and 9.56 (95%CI: 7.79-11.74) for children who had obesity at 6 years, and up to 10.27 (95%CI: 8.52-12.37) and 9.88 (95%CI: 8.07-12.11) for children with obesity at both 4 and 6 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS General and abdominal obesity begin at an early age and increase over time, showing an inverse correlation with socioeconomic status. In addition, general and abdominal obesity at 9 years are strongly associated with being classified with obesity at 4 and 6 years, so preventive interventions should be established at very early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorato Ortiz-Marrón
- Epidemiology Service, Directorate-General of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maira Alejandra Ortiz-Pinto
- Epidemiology Service, Directorate-General of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Cabañas Pujadas
- Epidemiology Service, Directorate-General of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María Ordobás Gavín
- Epidemiology Service, Directorate-General of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Galán
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
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van Beijsterveldt IALP, de Fluiter KS, Breij LM, van der Steen M, Hokken‐Koelega ACS. Fat mass and fat-free mass track from infancy to childhood: New insights in body composition programming in early life. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1899-1906. [PMID: 34549538 PMCID: PMC9292756 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early life is a critical window for adiposity programming. This study investigated whether fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), abdominal fat, and fat-free mass (FFM) in early life track into childhood and whether there are sex differences and differences between infant feeding types. METHODS Detailed body composition was longitudinally measured by air-displacement plethysmography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal ultrasound in 224 healthy, term-born children. Measurements were divided into tertiles. Odds ratios (OR) of remaining in the highest tertile of FM%, FMI, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and FFM index (FFMI) were calculated from early life to age 4 years. RESULTS High FM% and FMI tracked from age 3 and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.34 [p = 0.002] and OR = 6.54 [p < 0.001]). High subcutaneous abdominal fat tracked from age 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 2.30 [p = 0.012]). High FFMI tracked from age 1, 3, and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.16 [p = 0.005], 3.71 [p = 0.004], and 3.36 [p = 0.019]). In non-exclusively breastfed infants, high FM% tracked from early life to age 4 years, whereas this was not the case for exclusively breastfed infants. There was no tracking in visceral fat or sex differences. CONCLUSIONS Infants with high FM%, FMI, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and FFMI in early life are likely to remain in the highest tertile at age 4 years. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months is potentially protective against having high FM% at age 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge A. L. P. van Beijsterveldt
- Department of PediatricsSubdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical CenterSophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten S. de Fluiter
- Department of PediatricsSubdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical CenterSophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Breij
- Department of PediatricsSubdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical CenterSophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Manouk van der Steen
- Department of PediatricsSubdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical CenterSophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Anita C. S. Hokken‐Koelega
- Department of PediatricsSubdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical CenterSophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
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Padmapriya N, Tint MT, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Chen B, Cai S, Toh JY, Lanca C, Tan KH, Saw SM, Shek LPC, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Lee YS, Yap F, Fortier MV, Chong MFF, Godfrey KM, Eriksson JG, Velan SS, Kramer MS, Bernard JY, Müller-Riemenschneider F. The longitudinal association between early-life screen viewing and abdominal adiposity-findings from a multiethnic birth cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1995-2005. [PMID: 34108642 PMCID: PMC7611569 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Screen viewing in adults has been associated with greater abdominal adiposity, with the magnitude of associations varying by sex and ethnicity, but the evidence is lacking at younger ages. We aimed to investigate sex- and ethnic-specific associations of screen-viewing time at ages 2 and 3 years with abdominal adiposity measured by magnetic resonance imaging at age 4.5 years. METHODS The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes is an ongoing prospective mother-offspring cohort study. Parents/caregivers reported the time their child spent viewing television, handheld devices, and computer screens at ages 2 and 3 years. Superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue volumes were quantified from magnetic resonance images acquired at age 4.5 years. Associations between screen-viewing time and abdominal adipose tissue volumes were examined by multivariable linear regression adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS In the overall sample (n = 307), greater total screen-viewing time and handheld device times were associated with higher superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes, but not with visceral adipose tissue volumes. Interactions with child sex were found, with significant associations with superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes in boys, but not in girls. Among boys, the increases in mean (95% CI) superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were 24.3 (9.9, 38.7), 17.6 (7.4, 27.8), and 7.8 (2.1, 13.6) mL per hour increase in daily total screen-viewing time, respectively. Ethnicity-specific analyses showed associations of total screen-viewing time with abdominal adiposity only in Malay children. Television viewing time was not associated with abdominal adiposity. CONCLUSION Greater total screen-viewing time (and in particular, handheld device viewing time) was associated with higher abdominal adiposity in boys and Malay children. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these associations and to examine screen-viewing interventions for preventing excessive abdominal adiposity and its adverse cardiometabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Padmapriya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bozhi Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Lanca
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charite University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
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Mintjens S, Gemke RJBJ, van Poppel MNM, Vrijkotte TGM, Roseboom TJ, van Deutekom AW. Maternal Prepregnancy Overweight and Obesity Are Associated with Reduced Physical Fitness But Do Not Affect Physical Activity in Childhood: The Amsterdam Born Children and Their Development Study. Child Obes 2019; 15:31-39. [PMID: 30280927 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy increases offspring's risks of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A possible pathway is by reduced physical fitness and physical activity (PA) levels in children of overweight/obese mother. We assessed whether maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity independently determines cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) in 8- to 9-year-old children. We also assessed whether child's fat mass (FM) mediates these associations. METHODS One hundred ninety-four children of Dutch ethnicity aged 8.6 (± 0.4) years were randomly selected from a prospective birth cohort, the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. CRF was assessed by the 20-m multistage shuttle run test (20-m MSRT), muscular strength by hand dynamometry, and MVPA and SB by accelerometry. The association of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 with these outcome measures was assessed by multivariable linear regressions. RESULTS Mean (± standard deviation) attained 20-m MSRT stage was 5.3 (± 1.7). Compared with children from normal weight women, children of women with prepregnancy overweight/obesity attained a 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.15-1.50) lower stage, adjusted for child's sex and MVPA. This association was not mediated by birthweight or child's FM at age 5 years. Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity was not associated with child's muscular strength, MVPA, or SB. CONCLUSIONS Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with reduced childhood CRF, but not with muscular strength, PA, or SB. Birthweight and FM at age 5 years did not mediate this association. Reduced CRF may partly explain the increased CVD risk in children of overweight/obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Mintjens
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinoud J B J Gemke
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille N M van Poppel
- 3 EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,4 Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- 5 Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,6 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arend W van Deutekom
- 7 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Patro Golab B, Voerman E, van der Lugt A, Santos S, Jaddoe VWV. Subcutaneous fat mass in infancy and abdominal, pericardial and liver fat assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging at the age of 10 years. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:392-401. [PMID: 30568271 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fat mass development in infancy contributes to later adiposity, but its relation to ectopic fat depots is unknown. We examined the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with childhood general and organ-specific fat. SUBJECTS/METHODS Among 593 children from a population-based prospective cohort study, we obtained total subcutaneous fat mass (as sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfolds thickness), central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thickness/total subcutaneous fat) at 1.5, 6 and 24 months of age. At 10 years, we assessed BMI, fat mass index (FMI) based on total body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal subcutaneous, visceral and pericardial fat mass indices, and liver fat fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. RESULTS A higher central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio at 1.5 months only and higher total subcutaneous fat at 6 and 24 months were associated with higher BMI, FMI and subcutaneous fat mass index at 10 years. The observed associations were the strongest between total subcutaneous fat at 24 months and these childhood outcomes (difference per 1-SDS increase in total subcutaneous fat: 0.15 SDS (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.08, 0.23), 0.17 SDS (95% CI 0.10, 0.24), 0.16 SDS (95% CI 0.08, 0.23) for BMI, FMI and childhood subcutaneous fat mass index, respectively). Infant subcutaneous fat measures at any time point were not associated with visceral and pericardial fat mass indices, and liver fat fraction at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that infant subcutaneous fat is associated with later childhood abdominal subcutaneous fat and general adiposity, but not with other organ-specific fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Patro Golab
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ellis Voerman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Miliku K, Felix JF, Voortman T, Tiemeier H, Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath JJ, Jaddoe VWV. Associations of maternal and fetal vitamin D status with childhood body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 15:e12672. [PMID: 30238610 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may have persistent adverse effects on childhood growth and development. We examined whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations during pregnancy and at cord blood were associated with childhood body composition and cardiovascular outcomes. This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, among 4,903 mothers and their offspring. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations at a median gestational age of 20.4 weeks (95% range 18.5-23.4 weeks) and at birth (40.1 weeks [95% range 35.8-42.3 weeks]). 25(OH)D concentrations were categorized into severely deficient (<25.0 nmol/L); deficient (25.0 to 49.9 nmol/L); sufficient (50.0 to 74.9 nmol/L) and optimal (≥75.0 nmol/L). At 6 years, we measured childhood body mass index; fat and lean mass by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry; blood pressure; and serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin concentrations. Compared with children from mothers with optimal 25(OH)D concentrations (≥75.0 nmol/L), those of severely deficient vitamin D (<25.0 nmol/L) mothers had a 0.12 standard deviation score (SDS); (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.03, 0.21]) higher fat mass percentage and a 0.13 SDS (95% CI [-0.22, -0.04]) lower lean mass percentage. These associations remained after adjustment for current child vitamin D status. Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. In conclusion, severe maternal 25(OH)D deficiency (<25.0 nmol/L) during pregnancy is associated with an adverse childhood body composition profile, but we did not observe evidence for an association with childhood cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings, to examine the underlying mechanisms, the causality of the associations, and the potential for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozeta Miliku
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Perirenal fat is related to carotid intima-media thickness in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:641-647. [PMID: 29064476 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It is well known that increased abdominal fat is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk. Perirenal fat has been recently associated with CV risk in adults. However, studies with children are lacking. We investigated the relationship of perirenal fat and other abdominal fat depots (including preperitoneal, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat) with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT-a surrogate marker of CV risk) in prepubertal children, so as to identify novel markers that can be easily assessed and used in the early prevention of cardiovascular disease. SUBJECTS/METHODS Subjects were 702 asymptomatic prepubertal Caucasian children (418 lean, 142 overweight and 142 obese) who were recruited in a primary care setting. Ultrasound measurements (perirenal, preperitoneal, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat and cIMT), clinical (body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure) and metabolic parameters (insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and serum lipids) were assessed. RESULTS Perirenal fat was associated with diverse metabolic and CV risk factors in all the studied subjects. However, in overweight and obese children, perirenal fat was mostly associated with cIMT (P<0.001) and was the only fat depot that showed independent associations with cIMT in multivariate analyses (overweight chidren: β=0.250, P=0.003, r2=12.8%; obese children: β=0.254, P=0.002, r2=15.5%) after adjusting for BMI, gender, age and metabolic parameters. Perirenal fat was also the only fat depot that showed independent associations with HMW-adiponectin in obese children (β=-0.263, P=0.006, r2=22.8%). CONCLUSIONS Perirenal fat is the main abdominal fat depot associated with cIMT, especially in overweight and obese children, and may thus represent a helpful parameter for assessing CV risk in the pediatric population.
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