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Ono K, Ueno T, Kido MA, Hitomi S, Naniwa M, Nakatomi C, Yoshimoto RU, Sawada T, Kato T. Recent advances in the treatment of oral ulcerative mucositis from clinical and basic perspectives. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:504-510. [PMID: 38866365 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral ulcerative mucositis (OUM) is common in patients with cancer, particularly in those undergoing chemoradiation therapy. The effective management of OUM is crucial for continuous cancer care and patient well-being. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the causes, leading to clinical trials toward novel treatments. This review focuses on the contemporary therapeutic landscape, and provides the latest insights into the mechanisms of mucosal healing and pain. HIGHLIGHTS Management strategies for OUM in patients with cancer include maintaining good oral hygiene, reducing mucosal irritation against radiation, and using various topical analgesic treatments, including herbal medicines. However, the current management practices have limitations that necessitate the development of more efficacious and novel treatments. Molecular research on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the oral mucosa is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of wound healing and pain in patients with OUM. Targeting TRPV3 and TRPV4 can enhance wound healing through re-epithelialization. The suppression of TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPV4 may be effective in alleviating OUM-induced pain. CONCLUSION Research advancements have improved our understanding and potentially led to novel treatments that offer symptomatic relief. This progress highlights the importance of collaborations between clinical researchers and scientists in the development of innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takao Ueno
- Dentistry, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho A Kido
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Naniwa
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Reiko U Yoshimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sawada
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Majumder M, Janakiraman H, Chakraborty P, Vijayakumar A, Mayhue S, Yu H, Dincman T, Martin R, O’Quinn E, Mehrotra S, Palanisamy V. RNA-binding protein HuR reprograms immune T cells and promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma. ORAL ONCOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 10:100296. [PMID: 38681116 PMCID: PMC11044901 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hu Antigen R, also known as ELAVL1 (HuR), is a key posttranscriptional regulator in eukaryotic cells. HuR overexpression promotes several malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its immune dysfunction-associated tumorigenesis pathways remain unknown. We examined HuR's effects on oral malignancies and immune cell function in vitro and in vivo using oral carcinoma cells and transgenic HuR knockout (KO) mice. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HuR deletion in mice syngeneic oral cancer cells eliminated colony formation and tumor development. HuR-KO tumors had a lower tumor volume, fewer CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, and more CD8+ T cells, suggesting that HuR may suppress the immune response during oral cancer progression. In contrast, HuR KO oral epithelial tissues are resistant to 4NQO-induced oral malignancies compared to control tumor-bearing mice. HuR KO mice showed fewer Tregs and greater IFN levels than WT tumor-bearing mice, suggesting anticancer activity. Finally, the HuR inhibitor pyrvinium pamoate lowers tumor burden by enhancing CD8+ infiltration at the expense of CD4+, suggesting anticancer benefits. Thus, HuR-dependent oral neoplasia relies on immunological dysfunction, suggesting that decreasing HuR may boost antitumor potential and offer a novel HNSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sari Mayhue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, USA
| | - Toros Dincman
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, USA
| | - Romeo Martin
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth O’Quinn
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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3
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Kim HY, Cooley V, Kim EJ, Li S, Lee JM, Sheyfer D, Liu W, Klein OD, Joester D, Jung HS. Adult dental epithelial stem cell-derived organoids deposit hydroxylapatite biomineral. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:55. [PMID: 38062012 PMCID: PMC10703793 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblasts are specialized cells derived from the dental epithelium that produce enamel, a hierarchically structured tissue comprised of highly elongated hydroxylapatite (OHAp) crystallites. The unique function of the epithelial cells synthesizing crystallites and assembling them in a mechanically robust structure is not fully elucidated yet, partly due to limitations with in vitro experimental models. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to generate mineralizing dental epithelial organoids (DEOs) from adult dental epithelial stem cells (aDESCs) isolated from mouse incisor tissues. DEOs expressed ameloblast markers, could be maintained for more than five months (11 passages) in vitro in media containing modulators of Wnt, Egf, Bmp, Fgf and Notch signaling pathways, and were amenable to cryostorage. When transplanted underneath murine kidney capsules, organoids produced OHAp crystallites similar in composition, size, and shape to mineralized dental tissues, including some enamel-like elongated crystals. DEOs are thus a powerful in vitro model to study mineralization process by dental epithelium, which can pave the way to understanding amelogenesis and developing regenerative therapy of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Cooley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dina Sheyfer
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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4
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Alrashdan MS, Al-Rawi NH, Hassona Y, Al Kawas S, Cirillo N. Mechanisms underlying sex bias in oral immune-mediated conditions, an insight. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:795-802. [PMID: 37452464 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The predilection for women in systemic autoimmune diseases is well established. However, this sex bias in oral autoimmune diseases has been classically reported from an epidemiological perspective without any elaborate attempts to unveil the underlying mechanisms. The unique nature of the oral environment is likely to impose a combination of systemic and local factors that ultimately result in the sex bias in autoimmune diseases of the oral cavity. Variations of immune responses, target organ vulnerability, endocrine and genetic factors, sex chromosomes and modes of parental inheritance are potential systemic factors, while the oral microbiome, oral tolerance, saliva, and oral epithelial stem cells may account for local contributing factors. This review will discuss the preponderance of women in oral immune-mediated diseases, the potential systemic and local mechanisms underlying this predominance and highlight the crucial need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Alrashdan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Natheer H Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yazan Hassona
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Ardila CM, Jiménez-Arbeláez GA, Vivares-Builes AM. Potential Clinical Application of Organs-on-a-Chip in Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:158. [PMID: 37504224 PMCID: PMC10378380 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is a unique organ from the standpoint of building an organ-on-a-chip (OoC) since it is a system that is continually threatened by microorganisms, their noxious compounds, and antigenic components. At the same time, periodontal health depends on a balanced connection between the host and the bacteria in the oral cavity, which is a complex micro-ecological environment. The objective of this systematic review of in vitro studies is to revise the potential clinical application of OoC in periodontal diseases. PRISMA was used to guide this analysis. The review framework made use of several databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO, and LILACS as well as the gray literature. This systematic review comprised seven studies. The clinical efficacy of OoC in periodontal diseases was observed in models of the gingival crevice for the research of periodontitis, periodontal medication analysis, the interaction of multiple microbial species, pH measurements in in situ-grown biofilm, testing antimicrobial reagents, evaluation of mucosal interactions with microorganisms, and a device for quantitative exploration of microorganisms. OoC has the potential to advance our understanding of periodontal diseases by providing a more accurate representation of the oral microenvironment and enabling the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ardila
- Basic Studies Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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Wang Q, Qin Y, Li B. CD8 + T cell exhaustion and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216043. [PMID: 36584935 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of most malignant tumors, and CD8+ T cells are the most important antitumor effector cells in the process of immunotherapy, and their number and functional status largely determine the antitumor effect. However, under continuous antigen exposure and the stimulation of inflammatory factors, CD8+ T cells gradually show a weakened proliferation and effector function, accompanied by the expression of a variety of inhibitory receptors. This state is known as CD8+ T cell "exhaustion" and often leads to the loss of control and progression of tumors. Recent studies provided us a better understanding of the mechanisms of T cell exhaustion, this review provides an overview of the activation, exhaustion mechanisms and exhaustion characteristics of CD8+ T cells. Although immunotherapy can reverse the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and significantly improve the antitumor effects, single immunotherapy often has limitations, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory antitumor effects, therefore, this review also summarizes up-to-date information related to cancer immunotherapy, and these emerging insights provide promising clues to the future management of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Liao G, Tang J, Bai J. Early development of esophageal squamous cell cancer: Stem cells, cellular origins and early clone evolution. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216047. [PMID: 36587837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis, is an example of the classical view of cancer development based on stem cell origin and multistep progression. In the past five years, the applications of large-scale sequencing and single-cell sequencing have expanded to human esophageal normal tissues and precancerous lesions, which, coupled with the application of transgenic lineage tracing technology in mouse models, has provided a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of esophageal stem cell heterogeneity and early clonal evolution of ESCC. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of esophageal basal-layer stem cells and their potential relationship with cells of ESCC origin. We present evidence that expansion of NOTCH1 mutants may call into play an evolutionarily conserved anti-cancer mechanism and mold the model of early clonal evolution in ESCCs. Finally, we discuss the potential avenues in this context. This review provides a focused understanding of the early development of ESCC, as a background for early tumor detection, intervention, and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Unit, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Unit, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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8
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Mohammed AI, Celentano A, Paolini R, Low JT, McCullough MJ, O' Reilly LA, Cirillo N. Characterization of a novel dual murine model of chemotherapy-induced oral and intestinal mucositis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1396. [PMID: 36697446 PMCID: PMC9876945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and intestinal mucositis are debilitating inflammatory diseases observed in cancer patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. These are devastating clinical conditions which often lead to treatment disruption affecting underlying malignancy management. Although alimentary tract mucositis involves the entire gastrointestinal tract, oral and intestinal mucositis are often studied independently utilizing distinct organ-specific pre-clinical models. This approach has however hindered the development of potentially effective whole-patient treatment strategies. We now characterize a murine model of alimentary tract mucositis using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Mice were given 5-FU intravenously (50 mg/kg) or saline every 48 h for 2 weeks. Post initial injection, mice were monitored clinically for weight loss and diarrhea. The incidence and extent of oral mucositis was assessed macroscopically. Microscopical and histomorphometric analyses of the tongue and intestinal tissues were conducted at 3 interim time points during the experimental period. Repeated 5-FU treatment caused severe oral and intestinal atrophy, including morphological damage, accompanied by body weight loss and mild to moderate diarrhea in up to 77.8% of mice. Oral mucositis was clinically evident throughout the observation period in 88.98% of mice. Toluidine blue staining of the tongue revealed that the ulcer size peaked at day-14. In summary, we have developed a model reproducing the clinical and histologic features of both oral and intestinal mucositis, which may represent a useful in vivo pre-clinical model for the study of chemotherapy-induced alimentary tract mucositis and the development of preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Mohammed
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,College of Dentistry, The University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq.
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Rita Paolini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Jun T Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael J McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O' Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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9
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Prabakaran RC, Rachel JB, Rao GN, Vennila AA, Fathima SD, Keerthik Lavanya MK. Expression sites of immunohistochemistry markers in oral diseases - A scoping review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:524-533. [PMID: 37082070 PMCID: PMC10112098 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_364_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has not always been an easy field for the research beginners like postgraduates, research fellows and scientists. Meaningful interpretation of IHC positivity needs expertise. This could be made easier for beginners by developing a conceptual framework of markers. The literature review revealed a lack of qualitative evidence on the hitherto IHC studies on oral diseases about the overall expression of IHC markers and its comparison with pathology and normal tissues. Aim This scoping review aimed to examine the literature and classify the various immunohistochemistry markers of oral diseases based on the tissue, cell and site of expression. Materials and Methods The review was in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for scoping reviews (PRISMA -ScR). Electronic databases such as PubMed and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles till 2021. Results We included 43 articles. We found five different possibilities of the site of expression of a marker in a cell. They are the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, extracellular matrix or any of the above combinations. Based on the tissue of expression, we also mapped the markers expressed in oral diseases to their tissue of origin as ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm and markers with multiple tissues of expression. Based on our results, we derived two classifications that give an overview of the expression of IHC markers in oral diseases. Conclusion This scoping review derived new insight into the classification of IHC markers based on cell lineage, tissue and site of expression. This would enable a beginner to better understand a marker with its application and the interpretation of the staining in research. This could also serve as a beginner's guide for any researcher to thrive and explore the IHC world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah C. Prabakaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, C. S. I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Beryl Rachel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, C. S. I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gururaj N. Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, C. S. I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alagu A Vennila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, C. S. I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Deenul Fathima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, C. S. I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. K Keerthik Lavanya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, C. S. I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ohmoto M, Nakamura S, Wang H, Jiang P, Hirota J, Matsumoto I. Maintenance and turnover of Sox2+ adult stem cells in the gustatory epithelium. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267683. [PMID: 36054203 PMCID: PMC9439239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous turnover of taste bud cells in the oral cavity underlies the homeostasis of taste tissues. Previous studies have demonstrated that Sox2+ stem cells give rise to all types of epithelial cells including taste bud cells and non-gustatory epithelial cells in the oral epithelium, and Sox2 is required for generating taste bud cells. Here, we show the dynamism of single stem cells through multicolor lineage tracing analyses in Sox2-CreERT2; Rosa26-Confetti mice. In the non-gustatory epithelium, unicolored areas populated by a cluster of cells expressing the same fluorescent protein grew over time, while epithelial cells were randomly labeled with multiple fluorescent proteins by short-term tracing. Similar phenomena were observed in gustatory epithelia. These results suggest that the Sox2+ stem cell population is maintained by balancing the increase of certain stem cells with the reduction of the others. In the gustatory epithelia, many single taste buds contained cells labeled with different fluorescent proteins, indicating that a single taste bud is composed of cells derived from multiple Sox2+ stem cells. Our results reveal the characteristics of Sox2+ stem cells underlying the turnover of taste bud cells and the homeostasis of taste tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ohmoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (MO); (IM)
| | - Shugo Nakamura
- Faculty of Information Networking for Innovation and Design (INIAD), Toyo University, Kita, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong Wang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Junji Hirota
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsumoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MO); (IM)
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11
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Nagata M, English JD, Ono N, Ono W. Diverse stem cells for periodontal tissue formation and regeneration. Genesis 2022; 60:e23495. [PMID: 35916433 PMCID: PMC9492631 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium is comprised of multiple units of mineralized and nonmineralized tissues including the cementum on the root surface, the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and the gingiva. PDL contains a variety of cell populations including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) termed PDLSCs, which contribute to periodontal regeneration. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitors in their native environment, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the periodontium. The current concept is that mesenchymal progenitors in the PDL are localized to the perivascular niche. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses reveal heterogeneity and cell-type specific markers of cells in the periodontium, as well as their developmental relationship with precursor cells in the dental follicle. The characteristics of PDLSCs and their diversity in vivo are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to insights from mouse genetic models and scRNA-seq analyses, which aid to uncover the fundamental properties of stem cells in the human PDL. The new knowledge will be highly important for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair periodontal tissues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeryl D. English
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
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Pirozzi F, Berkseth M, Shear R, Gonzalez L, Timms AE, Sulc J, Pao E, Oyama N, Forzano F, Conti V, Guerrini R, Doherty ES, Saitta SC, Lockwood CM, Pritchard CC, Dobyns WB, Novotny E, Wright JNN, Saneto RP, Friedman S, Hauptman J, Ojemann J, Kapur RP, Mirzaa GM. Profiling PI3K-AKT-MTOR variants in focal brain malformations reveals new insights for diagnostic care. Brain 2022; 145:925-938. [PMID: 35355055 PMCID: PMC9630661 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal malformations of cortical development including focal cortical dysplasia, hemimegalencephaly and megalencephaly, are a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with brain overgrowth, cellular and architectural dysplasia, intractable epilepsy, autism and intellectual disability. Importantly, focal cortical dysplasia is the most common cause of focal intractable paediatric epilepsy. Gain and loss of function variants in the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway have been identified in this spectrum, with variable levels of mosaicism and tissue distribution. In this study, we performed deep molecular profiling of common PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway variants in surgically resected tissues using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), combined with analysis of key phenotype data. A total of 159 samples, including 124 brain tissue samples, were collected from 58 children with focal malformations of cortical development. We designed an ultra-sensitive and highly targeted molecular diagnostic panel using ddPCR for six mutational hotspots in three PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway genes, namely PIK3CA (p.E542K, p.E545K, p.H1047R), AKT3 (p.E17K) and MTOR (p.S2215F, p.S2215Y). We quantified the level of mosaicism across all samples and correlated genotypes with key clinical, neuroimaging and histopathological data. Pathogenic variants were identified in 17 individuals, with an overall molecular solve rate of 29.31%. Variant allele fractions ranged from 0.14 to 22.67% across all mutation-positive samples. Our data show that pathogenic MTOR variants are mostly associated with focal cortical dysplasia, whereas pathogenic PIK3CA variants are more frequent in hemimegalencephaly. Further, the presence of one of these hotspot mutations correlated with earlier onset of epilepsy. However, levels of mosaicism did not correlate with the severity of the cortical malformation by neuroimaging or histopathology. Importantly, we could not identify these mutational hotspots in other types of surgically resected epileptic lesions (e.g. polymicrogyria or mesial temporal sclerosis) suggesting that PI3K-AKT-MTOR mutations are specifically causal in the focal cortical dysplasia-hemimegalencephaly spectrum. Finally, our data suggest that ultra-sensitive molecular profiling of the most common PI3K-AKT-MTOR mutations by targeted sequencing droplet digital polymerase chain reaction is an effective molecular approach for these disorders with a good diagnostic yield when paired with neuroimaging and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Pirozzi
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Berkseth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rylee Shear
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Josef Sulc
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Pao
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nora Oyama
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Francesca Forzano
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valerio Conti
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Italy
| | - Emily S Doherty
- Section of Clinical Genetics, Carilion Clinic Children's Hospital, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Sulagna C Saitta
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina M Lockwood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Minnesota, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Minnesota, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edward Novotny
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason N N Wright
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Russell P Saneto
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seth Friedman
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Hauptman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Minnesota, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Chan KY, Yan CCS, Roan HY, Hsu SC, Tseng TL, Hsiao CD, Hsu CP, Chen CH. Skin cells undergo asynthetic fission to expand body surfaces in zebrafish. Nature 2022; 605:119-125. [PMID: 35477758 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an animal's surface area expands during development, skin cell populations must quickly respond to maintain sufficient epithelial coverage. Despite much progress in understanding of skin cell behaviours in vivo1,2, it remains unclear how cells collectively act to satisfy coverage demands at an organismic level. Here we created a multicolour cell membrane tagging system, palmskin, to monitor the entire population of superficial epithelial cells (SECs) in developing zebrafish larvae. Using time-lapse imaging, we found that many SECs readily divide on the animal body surface; during a specific developmental window, a single SEC can produce a maximum of four progeny cells over its lifetime on the surface of the animal. Remarkably, EdU assays, DNA staining and hydroxyurea treatment showed that these terminally differentiated skin cells continue splitting despite an absence of DNA replication, causing up to 50% of SECs to exhibit reduced genome size. On the basis of a simple mathematical model and quantitative analyses of cell volumes and apical surface areas, we propose that 'asynthetic fission' is used as an efficient mechanism for expanding epithelial coverage during rapid growth. Furthermore, global or local manipulation of body surface growth affects the extent and mode of SEC division, presumably through tension-mediated activation of stretch-activated ion channels. We speculate that this frugal yet flexible mode of cell proliferation might also occur in contexts other than zebrafish skin expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keat Ying Chan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiao-Yuh Roan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Physics, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Differential promoter usages of PTCH1 and down regulation of HHIP are associated with HNSCC progression. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Policastro CG, Sterling J, Porter B, Zaccarini DJ, Li G, Bratslavksy G, Nikolavsky D. Evaluation of the Effect of Tobacco Use on Buccal Mucosa Graft Histology. Urology 2022; 166:264-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Epigenome-Wide Analysis Reveals DNA Methylation Alteration in ZFP57 and Its Target RASGFR2 in a Mexican Population Cohort with Autism. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9040462. [PMID: 35455506 PMCID: PMC9025761 DOI: 10.3390/children9040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) comprise a group of heterogeneous and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to ASD etiology. DNA methylation is particularly relevant for ASD due to its mediating role in the complex interaction between genotype and environment and has been implicated in ASD pathophysiology. The lack of diversity in DNA methylation studies in ASD individuals is remarkable. Since genetic and environmental factors are likely to vary across populations, the study of underrepresented populations is necessary to understand the molecular alterations involved in ASD and the risk factors underlying these changes. This study explored genome-wide differences in DNA methylation patterns in buccal epithelium cells between Mexican ASD patients (n = 27) and age-matched typically developing (TD: n = 15) children. DNA methylation profiles were evaluated with the Illumina 450k array. We evaluated the interaction between sex and ASD and found a differentially methylated region (DMR) over the 5′UTR region of ZFP57 and one of its targets, RASGRF2. These results match previous findings in brain tissue, which may indicate that ZFP57 could be used as a proxy for DNA methylation in different tissues. This is the first study performed in a Mexican, and subsequently, Latin American, population that evaluates DNA methylation in ASD patients.
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17
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Thomsen A, Aldrian C, Luka B, Hornhardt S, Gomolka M, Moertl S, Hess J, Zitzelsberger H, Heider T, Schlueter N, Rau S, Monroy Ordonez B, Schäfer H, Rücker G, Henke M. Biopsy-Derived Oral Keratinocytes – a Model to Potentially Test for Oral Mucosa Radiation Sensitivity. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 34:51-56. [PMID: 35345866 PMCID: PMC8956846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral keratinocytes – the key players in radiation mucositis in head and neck cancer treatment – are established ex vivo from patient-derived micro-biopsies. Individual radiosensitivity of primary oral keratinocytes is measured by a novel assay for cellular proliferation and spreading. The keratinocyte model also supports classical functional assays such as clonogenic survival and DNA double strand repair.
Purpose To establish stable in vitro growth of keratinocytes from very small biopsy specimens and successfully apply new test systems to determine their radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods Oral mucosa biopsies (diameter: 1.7 mm) from 15 subjects were immobilized with custom-made cups onto culture plates. Outgrowing cells were tested for cytokeratin 5/14 and Ki67, expanded, radiated at different doses, and seeded onto circumscribed areas before being allowed to spread centrifugally. In this newly developed spreading assay, cell-covered areas were measured by image analysis. For statistical analysis, a linear mixed regression model was used; additionally, results were correlated to the radiation dose applied. Colony forming efficiency (CFE) was used to validate the results. DNA damage repair was analysed by gammaH2AX and 53BP1 foci quantification using immunofluorescence microscopy 24 h and 96 h after irradiation. Results Stable keratinocyte growth continued for up to 7 weeks in 14 biopsies. Cells spread reliably from an initial 16.6 mm2 up to a median of 119.2 mm2 (range: 54.4–290). Radiated cells spread to only 100.7 mm2 (2 Gy; range: 55.3–266.7); 73.2 mm2 (4 Gy; 15–240.4); 47 mm2 (6 Gy; 2–111.9), and 22.7 mm2 (8 Gy; 0–80). Similarly, CFE decreased from 0.223 (0 Gy) to 0.0028 (8 Gy). Using an individual donor as a random factor, cell spread correlated with CFE, where radiation dose was the main driver (decrease by 0.50, adjusted for area). Upon irradiation with 6 Gy, radiation-induced DNA damage was increased after 24 h in all samples, and even after 96 h in 5 out of 7 samples, as detected by a higher number of gammaH2AX/53BP1 foci in irradiated cells (mean 3.7 for 24 h; mean 0.6 for 96 h). Conclusion In vitro propagation of keratinocytes derived from a small biopsy is feasible. Radiation impairs cellular migration and proliferation, and the newly described spreading assay allows ranking for cellular radioresistance. The keratinocyte model also supports classical functional assays such as clonogenic survival and DNA double strand repair. The clinical relevance awaits upcoming investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany.
| | - C. Aldrian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Luka
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - M. Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - S. Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - J. Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H. Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T. Heider
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N. Schlueter
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Rau
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - B. Monroy Ordonez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Schäfer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Rücker
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Henke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany
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18
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Buhl M, Kloskowski T, Jundzill A, Szeliski K, Rasmus M, Dąbrowski P, Siedlecka N, Drewa T, Pokrywczynska M. Increased Expression of p63 Protein and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Molecule in Buccal Epithelial Holoclones. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1037-1048. [PMID: 34486385 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of many tissues and organs de novo requires the use of external epithelial cell sources. In the present study, we optimized the isolation, expansion, and characterization of porcine oral epithelial cells from buccal tissue (Buccal Epithelial Cells, BECs). Additionally, we tested whether key markers [cytokeratin 14 (ck14), p63 protein, and sonic hedgehog molecule (shh)] expression profiles are correlated with three buccal epithelial clone types. Two digestion methods of BECs isolation [Method 1, M1 (collagenase IV/dispase and accutase) and Method 2, M2 (collagenase IV/dispase and trypsin/EDTA)] were compared. Cells obtained by more effective method were further cultured to the third passage and analyzed. Holoclone-, meroclone-, and paraclone-like colonies were identified based on BEC morphology. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to compare selected markers for the indicated buccal clone types. Comparative analysis demonstrated the advantage of isolation using M1 over M2. Cells from the third passage exhibited average 92.73% ± 2.27% presence of ck14. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed expression of tested genes [cytokeratin 8 (ck8), ck14, integrin β1, and p63]. The highest level of ck14, shh and p63, was observed for holoclones. The comparable ck14 expression was observed in the mero- and paraclones. Meroclones expressed significantly lower levels of shh compared with paraclones. The weakest p63 expression was observed in the paraclone-like cells. It was demonstrated that holoclones are the richest in shh (+) and p63 (+) stem cells and these cells should appear to be a promising alternative for obtaining epithelial cells for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Buhl
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kloskowski
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jundzill
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Esthetic Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamil Szeliski
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Rasmus
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbrowski
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siedlecka
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Pokrywczynska
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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19
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Queiroz A, Pelissari C, Arana-Chavez VE, Trierveiler M. Temporo-spatial distribution of stem cell markers CD146 and p75NTR during odontogenesis in mice. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210138. [PMID: 34550167 PMCID: PMC8462488 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells were identified in dental tissues; however, knowledge about the odontogenic stem cells is limited, and there are some questions regarding their temporo-spatial dynamics in tooth development. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to analyze the expression of the stem cell markers CD146 and p75NTR during the different stages of odontogenesis. METHODOLOGY The groups consisted of 13.5, 15.5, 17.5 days old embryos, and 14 days postnatal BALB/c mice. The expression of CD146 and p75NTR was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our results showed that positive cells for both markers were present in all stages of tooth development, and the number of positive cells increased with the progression of this process. Cells of epithelial and ectomesenchymal origin were positive for CD146, and the expression of p75NTR was mainly detected in the dental papilla and dental follicle. In the postnatal group, dental pulp cells were positive for CD146, and the reduced enamel epithelium and the oral mucosa epithelium showed immunostaining for p75NTR. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the staining pattern of CD146 and p75NTR underwent temporal and spatial changes during odontogenesis and both markers were expressed by epithelial and mesenchymal cell types, which is relevant due to the significance of the epithelial-ectomesenchymal interactions in tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Queiroz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Estomatologia, Disciplina de Patologia Oral e Maxilofacial, Laboratório de Biologia de Células-Tronco em Odontologia LABITRON, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cibele Pelissari
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Estomatologia, Disciplina de Patologia Oral e Maxilofacial, Laboratório de Biologia de Células-Tronco em Odontologia LABITRON, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Victor Elias Arana-Chavez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Estomatologia, Disciplina de Patologia Oral e Maxilofacial, Laboratório de Biologia de Células-Tronco em Odontologia LABITRON, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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20
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Pereira D, Sequeira I. A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682143. [PMID: 34381771 PMCID: PMC8350526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most rapidly dividing tissues in the body, holding a natural ability for renewal and regeneration. This ability is crucial for survival as epithelia are essential to provide the ultimate barrier against the external environment, protecting the underlying tissues. Tissue stem and progenitor cells are responsible for self-renewal and repair during homeostasis and following injury. Upon wounding, epithelial tissues undergo different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, often resulting in fibrosis and scarring. In this review, we explore the phenotypic differences between the skin, the oesophagus and the oral mucosa. We discuss the plasticity of these epithelial stem cells and contribution of different fibroblast subpopulations for tissue regeneration and wound healing. While these epithelial tissues share global mechanisms of stem cell behaviour for tissue renewal and regeneration, the oral mucosa is known for its outstanding healing potential with minimal scarring. We aim to provide an updated review of recent studies that combined cell therapy with bioengineering exporting the unique scarless properties of the oral mucosa to improve skin and oesophageal wound healing and to reduce fibrotic tissue formation. These advances open new avenues toward the ultimate goal of achieving scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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cG-CAOMECS-clinical-grade cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:47-57. [PMID: 34302219 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the feasibility and successful production of rabbit cG-CAOMECS, designed to reconstruct corneal epithelium of patients with bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. To produce a safe, chemically defined and FDA compliant cG-CAOMECS, oral mucosal epithelial cells were isolated from a biopsy of rabbit buccal tissue and seeded on a cGMP-certified cell culture surface coated with GMP-grade extracellular matrix. A newly designed clinical-grade medium (KaFa™ medium) was utilized to carry out cell expansion. Detachment and harvesting of the produced cell sheet was accomplished using collagenase treatment. Live cell imaging and morphological analysis techniques were used to examine cell growth. Cells attached onto the surface and self-assembled into colony-forming units (CFUs). Microscopic examination showed that CFUs formed during the first 5 days, and basal monolayer cell sheet formed in less than 10 days. Cells expanded to form a multilayered epithelial cell sheet that was harvested after 17-19 days in culture. Immunostaining and Western blot analyses showed that deltaNp63 was expressed in the basal cells and K3/K12 was expressed in the apical cells, indicating the presence of corneal epithelial-like cells in the produced cell sheet. Adhesion molecules, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and Cnx43 were also expressed and exhibited the epithelial integrity of the cell sheet. The expression of integrin-beta1 and beta4 confirmed that the collagenase treatment used for detaching and harvesting the cell sheet did not have adverse effects. Our results showed that the utilization of clinical-grade and FDA-approved reagents successfully supported the production of cG-CAMECS.
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22
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Huang N, Pérez P, Kato T, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Conde CD, Gasmi B, Stein S, Beach M, Pelayo E, Maldonado JO, Lafont BA, Jang SI, Nasir N, Padilla RJ, Murrah VA, Maile R, Lovell W, Wallet SM, Bowman NM, Meinig SL, Wolfgang MC, Choudhury SN, Novotny M, Aevermann BD, Scheuermann RH, Cannon G, Anderson CW, Lee RE, Marchesan JT, Bush M, Freire M, Kimple AJ, Herr DL, Rabin J, Grazioli A, Das S, French BN, Pranzatelli T, Chiorini JA, Kleiner DE, Pittaluga S, Hewitt SM, Burbelo PD, Chertow D, Frank K, Lee J, Boucher RC, Teichmann SA, Warner BM, Byrd KM. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. Nat Med 2021; 27:892-903. [PMID: 33767405 PMCID: PMC8240394 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite signs of infection-including taste loss, dry mouth and mucosal lesions such as ulcerations, enanthema and macules-the involvement of the oral cavity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. To address this, we generated and analyzed two single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of the human minor salivary glands and gingiva (9 samples, 13,824 cells), identifying 50 cell clusters. Using integrated cell normalization and annotation, we classified 34 unique cell subpopulations between glands and gingiva. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry factors such as ACE2 and TMPRSS members were broadly enriched in epithelial cells of the glands and oral mucosae. Using orthogonal RNA and protein expression assessments, we confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the glands and mucosae. Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored epithelial cells exhibiting ACE2 and TMPRSS expression and sustained SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acellular and cellular salivary fractions from asymptomatic individuals were found to transmit SARS-CoV-2 ex vivo. Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples displayed distinct viral shedding dynamics, and salivary viral burden correlated with COVID-19 symptoms, including taste loss. Upon recovery, this asymptomatic cohort exhibited sustained salivary IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, these data show that the oral cavity is an important site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and implicate saliva as a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Paola Pérez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,These authors contributed equally: Ni Huang, Paola Perez, Takafumi Kato, Yu Mikami
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Billel Gasmi
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sydney Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Department of Critical Care Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Beach
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Pelayo
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jose O. Maldonado
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernard A. Lafont
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shyh-Ing Jang
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadia Nasir
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo J. Padilla
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valerie A. Murrah
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Lovell
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie M. Bowman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saibyasachi N. Choudhury
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Novotny
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian D. Aevermann
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard H. Scheuermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Cannon
- The Advanced Analytics Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlton W. Anderson
- The Advanced Analytics Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rhianna E. Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie T. Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mandy Bush
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam J. Kimple
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L. Herr
- Department of Shock Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Rabin
- Department of Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison Grazioli
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanchita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin N. French
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Pranzatelli
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A. Chiorini
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D. Burbelo
- AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Department of Critical Care Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Frank
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janice Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies & Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK,Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors jointly supervised this work: Blake M. Warner, Kevin M. Byrd,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to B.M.W. or K.M.B. ;
| | - Kevin M. Byrd
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA,These authors jointly supervised this work: Blake M. Warner, Kevin M. Byrd,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to B.M.W. or K.M.B. ;
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23
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Maurizi E, Adamo D, Magrelli FM, Galaverni G, Attico E, Merra A, Maffezzoni MBR, Losi L, Genna VG, Sceberras V, Pellegrini G. Regenerative Medicine of Epithelia: Lessons From the Past and Future Goals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652214. [PMID: 33842447 PMCID: PMC8026866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful regenerative medicine on human epithelia. To evaluate the applications of the first regenerated tissues, the analysis of the past successes and failures addresses some pending issues and lay the groundwork for developing new therapies. Research should still be encouraged to fill the gap between pathologies, clinical applications and what regenerative medicine can attain with current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Adamo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Galaverni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eustachio Attico
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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24
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Markers of Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Stem Cells an Overview. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Sources, Isolation and culture of stem cells? Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Melis M, Zhang T, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. Mutations in long-lived epithelial stem cells and their clonal progeny in pre-malignant lesions and in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:1553-1564. [PMID: 32115621 PMCID: PMC7896111 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are the most common cancers of the oral cavity, but the molecular mechanisms driving OSCC carcinogenesis remain unclear. Our group previously established a murine OSCC model based on a 10-week carcinogen [4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO)] treatment. Here we used K14CreERTAM;Rosa26LacZ mice to perform lineage tracing to delineate the mutational profiles in clonal cell populations resulting from single, long-lived epithelial stem cells, here called LacZ+ stem cell clones (LSCCs). Using laser-capture microdissection, we examined mutational changes in LSCCs immediately after the 10-week 4-NQO treatment and >17 weeks after 4-NQO treatment. We found a 1.8-fold ±0.4 (P = 0.009) increase in single-nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions (indels) in tumor compared with pre-neoplastic LSCCs. The percentages of indels and of loss of heterozygosity events were 1.3-fold±0.3 (P = 0.02) and 2.2-fold±0.7 (P = 0.08) higher in pre-neoplastic compared with tumor LSCCs. Mutations in cell adhesion- and development-associated genes occurred in 83% of the tumor LSCCs. Frequently mutated genes in tumor LSCCs were involved in planar cell polarity (Celsr1, Fat4) or development (Notch1). Chromosomal amplifications in 50% of the tumor LSCCs occurred in epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and cell adhesion pathways. All pre-neoplastic and tumor LSCCs were characterized by key smoking-associated changes also observed in human OSCC, C>A and G>T. DeconstructSigs analysis identified smoking and head and neck cancer as the most frequent mutational signatures in pre-neoplastic and tumor LSCCs. Thus, this model recapitulates a smoking-associated mutational profile also observed in humans and illustrates the role of LSCCs in early carcinogenesis and OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theresa Scognamiglio
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Huang N, Perez P, Kato T, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Gilmore RC, Domínguez Conde C, Gasmi B, Stein S, Beach M, Pelayo E, Maldonado J, LaFont B, Padilla R, Murrah V, Maile R, Lovell W, Wallet S, Bowman NM, Meinig SL, Wolfgang MC, Choudhury SN, Novotny M, Aevermann BD, Scheuermann R, Cannon G, Anderson C, Marchesan J, Bush M, Freire M, Kimple A, Herr DL, Rabin J, Grazioli A, French BN, Pranzatelli T, Chiorini JA, Kleiner DE, Pittaluga S, Hewitt S, Burbelo PD, Chertow D, Frank K, Lee J, Boucher RC, Teichmann SA, Warner BM, Byrd KM. Integrated Single-Cell Atlases Reveal an Oral SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Transmission Axis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 33140061 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20219089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite signs of infection, the involvement of the oral cavity in COVID-19 is poorly understood. To address this, single-cell RNA sequencing data-sets were integrated from human minor salivary glands and gingiva to identify 11 epithelial, 7 mesenchymal, and 15 immune cell clusters. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry factor expression showed enrichment in epithelia including the ducts and acini of the salivary glands and the suprabasal cells of the mucosae. COVID-19 autopsy tissues confirmed in vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection in the salivary glands and mucosa. Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored epithelial cells exhibiting ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples found distinct viral shedding dynamics and viral burden in saliva correlated with COVID-19 symptoms including taste loss. Upon recovery, this cohort exhibited salivary antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Collectively, the oral cavity represents a robust site for COVID-19 infection and implicates saliva in viral transmission.
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29
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Bryja A, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Ciesiółka S, Wieczorkiewicz M, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Bryl R, Skowroński MT, Jaśkowski JM, Mozdziak P, Angelova Volponi A, Shibli JA, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M. New Gene Markers Involved in Molecular Processes of Tissue Repair, Response to Wounding and Regeneration Are Differently Expressed in Fibroblasts from Porcine Oral Mucosa during Long-Term Primary Culture. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111938. [PMID: 33105567 PMCID: PMC7690285 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wound healing and vascularization mechanisms are key steps in the complex morphological process of tissue reconstruction. Additionally, these processes in the oral cavity are more rapid than in the skin and result in less scar formation. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts play an important role in the process of wound healing. In our study, we focused on fibroblasts and monitored changes in gene expression during their in vitro culture. Based on the analysis, we distinguished three groups of processes that play important roles in tissue regeneration: response to wounding, wound healing and vascularization. We identified genes that were involved in all three processes. These genes could be selected as tissue specific repair markers for oral fibroblasts. Abstract The mechanisms of wound healing and vascularization are crucial steps of the complex morphological process of tissue reconstruction. In addition to epithelial cells, fibroblasts play an important role in this process. They are characterized by dynamic proliferation and they form the stroma for epithelial cells. In this study, we have used primary cultures of oral fibroblasts, obtained from porcine buccal mucosa. Cells were maintained long-term in in vitro conditions, in order to investigate the expression profile of the molecular markers involved in wound healing and vascularization. Based on the Affymetrix assays, we have observed three ontological groups of markers as wound healing group, response to wounding group and vascularization group, represented by different genes characterized by their expression profile during long-term primary in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine oral fibroblasts. Following the analysis of gene expression in three previously identified groups of genes, we have identified that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), ITGB3, PDPN, and ETS1 are involved in all three processes, suggesting that these genes could be recognized as markers of repair specific for oral fibroblasts within the porcine mucosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bryja
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylwia Ciesiółka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Mariusz T. Skowroński
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos SP 07030-010, Brazil;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8546418
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
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30
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Byrd KM, Piehl NC, Patel JH, Huh WJ, Sequeira I, Lough KJ, Wagner BL, Marangoni P, Watt FM, Klein OD, Coffey RJ, Williams SE. Heterogeneity within Stratified Epithelial Stem Cell Populations Maintains the Oral Mucosa in Response to Physiological Stress. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:814-829.e6. [PMID: 31809739 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells in stratified epithelia are generally believed to adhere to a non-hierarchical single-progenitor model. Using lineage tracing and genetic label-retention assays, we show that the hard palatal epithelium of the oral cavity is unique in displaying marked proliferative heterogeneity. We identify a previously uncharacterized, infrequently-dividing stem cell population that resides within a candidate niche, the junctional zone (JZ). JZ stem cells tend to self-renew by planar symmetric divisions, respond to masticatory stresses, and promote wound healing, whereas frequently-dividing cells reside outside the JZ, preferentially renew through perpendicular asymmetric divisions, and are less responsive to injury. LRIG1 is enriched in the infrequently-dividing population in homeostasis, dynamically changes expression in response to tissue stresses, and promotes quiescence, whereas Igfbp5 preferentially labels a rapidly-growing, differentiation-prone population. These studies establish the oral mucosa as an important model system to study epithelial stem cell populations and how they respond to tissue stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Byrd
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, the University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie C Piehl
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeet H Patel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Won Jae Huh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London E1 9RT, UK
| | - Kendall J Lough
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bethany L Wagner
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London E1 9RT, UK
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University, TN 37212, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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31
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Tan HY, Toh YC. What can microfluidics do for human microbiome research? BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:051303. [PMID: 33062112 PMCID: PMC7538166 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the human microbiome has been linked to various disease states, which has galvanized the efforts to modulate human health through microbiomes. Currently, human microbiome research is going through several phases to identify the constituent components of the microbiome, associate microbiome changes with physiological and pathological states, understand causative relationships, and finally translate this knowledge into therapeutics and diagnostics. The convergence of microfluidic technologies with molecular and cell profiling, microbiology, and tissue engineering can potentially be applied to these different phases of microbiome research to overcome the existing challenges faced by conventional approaches. The goal of this paper is to discuss and highlight the opportunities of applying different microfluidic technologies to specific areas of microbiome research as well as unique challenges that microfluidics must overcome when working with microbiome-relevant biological materials, e.g., micro-organisms, host tissues, and fluids. We will discuss the applicability of integrated microfluidic systems for processing biological samples for genomic sequencing analyses. For functional analysis of the microbiota, we will cover state-of-the-art microfluidic devices for microbiota cultivation and functional measurements. Finally, we highlight the use of organs-on-chips to model various microbiome-host tissue interactions. We envision that microfluidic technologies may hold great promise in advancing the knowledge on the interplay between microbiome and human health, as well as its eventual translation into microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsih-Yin Tan
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Loss of oral mucosal stem cell markers in oral submucous fibrosis and their reactivation in malignant transformation. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:23. [PMID: 32826859 PMCID: PMC7442837 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the basal stem cell layer is critical for epithelial homoeostasis. In this paper, we review the expression of oral mucosal stem cell markers (OM-SCMs) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to understand the role of basal cells in potentiating cancer stem cell behaviour in OSF. While the loss of basal cell clonogenicity triggers epithelial atrophy in OSF, the transition of the epithelium from atrophic to hyperplastic and eventually neoplastic involves the reactivation of basal stemness. The vacillating expression patterns of OM-SCMs confirm the role of keratins 5, 14, 19, CD44, β1-integrin, p63, sex-determining region Y box (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), c-MYC, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in OSF, OPMDs and OSCC. The downregulation of OM-SCMs in the atrophic epithelium of OSF and their upregulation during malignant transformation are illustrated with relevant literature in this review.
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Differential Expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in Oral Verrucous Carcinoma and Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 15:408-415. [PMID: 32720035 PMCID: PMC8134610 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 that catalyzes trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3), has been shown to promote tumor development and progression. Expression of EZH2 is associated with cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation in various neoplasms. Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) and Oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) are rare entities and share several clinical and histopathologic features. Problems distinguishing these lesions are added by a lack of adjacent normal tissue of the biopsy samples and poorly oriented tissue sections. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in OVH and OVC and comparing the expression with normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Seventy-eight samples, including 25 cases of OVC, 8 cases of OVH, 35 cases of OSCC and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa, were retrieved and submitted for immunohistochemical staining. The results demonstrated that the mean labeling indices (LIs) of EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression were highest in OSCC, followed by the OVC, OVH, and normal mucosa. Statistical differences in EZH2 LI were observed among these lesions whereas H3K27me3 LI was significantly different among OSCC, OVH and normal mucosa. EZH2 LI was found to have a sensitivity of 72.00% and specificity of 87.50% in distinguishing OVH from OVC, and a sensitivity of 57.14% and specificity of 84.00% in distinguishing OVC from OSCC. A positive correlation between EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression was significantly found in OVC but not in OVH and OSCC. These findings highlight the involvement of epigenetic regulation by EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in the pathogenesis of OVH and OVC, and EZH2 expression indicates disease progression of these verrucous lesions. Diagnostic test analysis further suggests that EZH2 may be used as an additional test for differentiating OVH from OVC in questionable cases.
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Cristaldi M, Mauceri R, Campisi G, Pizzo G, Alessandro R, Tomasello L, Pitrone M, Pizzolanti G, Giordano C. Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Discarded Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on a Commercial Scaffold. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:292. [PMID: 32509773 PMCID: PMC7253652 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In periodontal patients with jawbone resorption, the autologous bone graft is considered a "gold standard" procedure for the placing of dental prosthesis; however, this procedure is a costly intervention and poses the risk of clinical complications. Thanks to the use of adult mesenchymal stem cells, smart biomaterials, and active biomolecules, regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering represent a valid alternative to the traditional procedures. AIMS In the past, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from periodontally compromised gingiva were considered a biological waste and discarded during surgical procedures. This study aims to test the osteoconductive activity of FISIOGRAFT Bone Granular® and Matriderm® collagen scaffolds on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from periodontally compromised gingiva as a low-cost and painless strategy of autologous bone tissue regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS We isolated human mesenchymal stem cells from 22 healthy and 26 periodontally compromised gingival biopsy tissues and confirmed the stem cell phenotype by doubling time assay, colony-forming unit assay, and expression of surface and nuclear mesenchymal stem cell markers, respectively by cytofluorimetry and real-time quantitative PCR. Healthy and periodontally compromised gingival mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on FISIOGRAFT Bone Granular® and Matriderm® scaffolds, and in vitro cell viability and bone differentiation were then evaluated. RESULTS Even though preliminary, the results demonstrate that FISIOGRAFT Bone Granular® is not suitable for in vitro growth and osteogenic differentiation of healthy and periodontally compromised mesenchymal stem cells, which, instead, are able to grow, homogeneously distribute, and bone differentiate in the Matriderm® collagen scaffold. CONCLUSION Matriderm® represents a biocompatible scaffold able to support the in vitro cell growth and osteodifferentiation ability of gingival mesenchymal stem cells isolated from waste gingiva, and could be employed to develop low-cost and painless strategy of autologous bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cristaldi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Tomasello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Pitrone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gavić L, Goršeta K, Glavina D, Željezić D, Galić N, Tadin A. In vivo assessment of genotoxicity in buccal cells of children undergoing tooth restoration. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 27:312-319. [PMID: 31951691 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whereas dental materials came in direct or close contact with oral tissue, it is a great concern about the biocompatibility of those materials. This study was performed to evaluate possible DNA damage to buccal cells exposed to dental materials. METHODS This prospective, longitudinal clinical study was conducted over a three months period. Class II restorations were placed in 60 young patients with no previous filling using one of three tested dental materials (two glass ionomers; Ketac Molar and Ionofil Molar and one compomer material; Twinky Star). DNA damage was analysed by micronucleus assays, in buccal exfoliated epithelial cells. RESULTS In patients treated with Ketac Molar, a significant frequency of micronuclei (p = 0.027) and binucleated cells in samples taken 30 days following restoration (p = 0.029) was confirmed. In patients treated with Twinky Star, a statistically significant increase in the number of binucleated cells in samples taken after 7 and 30 days following restoration (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) was observed. In all samples collected 90 days after treatment, there was no statistical difference in the number of any cell changes. CONCLUSION In this study long-term biocompatibility of tested materials was confirmed. Glass ionomers and compomers are widely used materials in paediatric dentistry, and this study has proved their safety for usage in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gavić
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Kristina Goršeta
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Glavina
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Željezić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Galić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Suzuki A, Kato H, Kawakami T, Kodama Y, Shiozawa M, Kuwae H, Miwa K, Hoshikawa E, Haga K, Shiomi A, Uenoyama A, Saitoh I, Hayasaki H, Mizuno J, Izumi K. Development of microstructured fish scale collagen scaffolds to manufacture a tissue-engineered oral mucosa equivalent. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:578-600. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1706147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Mayuko Shiozawa
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwae
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keito Miwa
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Hoshikawa
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenta Haga
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aki Shiomi
- Division of Dental Education Research Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uenoyama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruaki Hayasaki
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Mizuno
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
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Schulze KV, Swaminathan S, Howell S, Jajoo A, Lie NC, Brown O, Sadat R, Hall N, Zhao L, Marshall K, May T, Reid ME, Taylor-Bryan C, Wang X, Belmont JW, Guan Y, Manary MJ, Trehan I, McKenzie CA, Hanchard NA. Edematous severe acute malnutrition is characterized by hypomethylation of DNA. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5791. [PMID: 31857576 PMCID: PMC6923441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Edematous severe acute childhood malnutrition (edematous SAM or ESAM), which includes kwashiorkor, presents with more overt multi-organ dysfunction than non-edematous SAM (NESAM). Reduced concentrations and methyl-flux of methionine in 1-carbon metabolism have been reported in acute, but not recovered, ESAM, suggesting downstream DNA methylation changes could be relevant to differences in SAM pathogenesis. Here, we assess genome-wide DNA methylation in buccal cells of 309 SAM children using the 450 K microarray. Relative to NESAM, ESAM is characterized by multiple significantly hypomethylated loci, which is not observed among SAM-recovered adults. Gene expression and methylation show both positive and negative correlation, suggesting a complex transcriptional response to SAM. Hypomethylated loci link to disorders of nutrition and metabolism, including fatty liver and diabetes, and appear to be influenced by genetic variation. Our epigenetic findings provide a potential molecular link to reported aberrant 1-carbon metabolism in ESAM and support consideration of methyl-group supplementation in ESAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina V Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanker Swaminathan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Howell
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Aarti Jajoo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natasha C Lie
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Orgen Brown
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Roa Sadat
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy Hall
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City, China
| | - Kwesi Marshall
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Thaddaeus May
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marvin E Reid
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Carolyn Taylor-Bryan
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yongtao Guan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark J Manary
- Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health and Community Health, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Indi Trehan
- Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health and Community Health, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colin A McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- USDA/ARS/Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yuan X, Xu Q, Zhang X, Van Brunt LA, Ticha P, Helms JA. Wnt-Responsive Stem Cell Fates in the Oral Mucosa. iScience 2019; 21:84-94. [PMID: 31655258 PMCID: PMC6820246 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia of the oral cavity exhibit variations in morphologies and turnover rates. Are these differences related to environment or to region-specific stem cell populations? A lineage-tracing strategy allowed visualization of Wnt-responsive cells, and their progeny, in the hard and soft palates. In both anatomic locations, Wnt-responsive basal cells self-renewed and gave rise to supra-basal cells. Palatal injuries triggered an enlargement of this population, and their descendants were responsible for wound re-epithelialization. Compared with the hard palate, soft palate stem cells exhibited an earlier, more robust burst in proliferation, culminating in significantly faster repair. Thereafter, excess Wnt-responsive basal cells were removed, and stem cell numbers were restored back to homeostatic level. Thus, we uncovered a stem cell population in oral mucosa, and its relative abundance is correlate with the rate of oral wound healing. Besides the activation during injury, an endogenous mechanism exists to constrain the stem cell pool after repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Quanchen Xu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lauren A Van Brunt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Pavla Ticha
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Hoshikawa E, Sato T, Kimori Y, Suzuki A, Haga K, Kato H, Tabeta K, Nanba D, Izumi K. Noninvasive measurement of cell/colony motion using image analysis methods to evaluate the proliferative capacity of oral keratinocytes as a tool for quality control in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419881528. [PMID: 31662840 PMCID: PMC6794654 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419881528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-based cell/colony analyses offer promising solutions to compensate for the
lack of quality control (QC) tools for noninvasive monitoring of cultured cells,
a regulatory challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, the feasibility of two
image analysis algorithms, optical flow and normalised cross-correlation, to
noninvasively measure cell/colony motion in human primary oral keratinocytes for
screening the proliferative capacity of cells in the early phases of cell
culture were examined. We applied our software to movies converted from 96
consecutive time-lapse phase-contrast images of an oral keratinocyte culture.
After segmenting the growing colonies, two indices were calculated based on each
algorithm. The correlation between each index of the colonies and their
proliferative capacity was evaluated. The software was able to assess
cell/colony motion noninvasively, and each index reflected the observed cell
kinetics. A positive linear correlation was found between cell/colony motion and
proliferative capacity, indicating that both algorithms are potential tools for
QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hoshikawa
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Department of Management and Information Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenta Haga
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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40
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Divide and conquer: two stem cell populations in squamous epithelia, reserves and the active duty forces. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:26. [PMID: 31451683 PMCID: PMC6802623 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are of great interest to the scientific community due to their potential role in regenerative and rejuvenative medicine. However, their role in the aging process and carcinogenesis remains unclear. Because DNA replication in stem cells may contribute to the background mutation rate and thereby to cancer, reducing proliferation and establishing a relatively quiescent stem cell compartment has been hypothesized to limit DNA replication-associated mutagenesis. On the other hand, as the main function of stem cells is to provide daughter cells to build and maintain tissues, the idea of a quiescent stem cell compartment appears counterintuitive. Intriguing observations in mice have led to the idea of separated stem cell compartments that consist of cells with different proliferative activity. Some epithelia of short-lived rodents appear to lack quiescent stem cells. Comparing stem cells of different species and different organs (comparative stem cell biology) may allow us to elucidate the evolutionary pressures such as the balance between cancer and longevity that govern stem cell biology (evolutionary stem cell biology). The oral mucosa and its stem cells are an exciting model system to explore the characteristics of quiescent stem cells that have eluded biologists for decades.
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Kiso H, Takahashi K, Mishima S, Murashima-Suginami A, Kakeno A, Yamazaki T, Asai K, Tokita Y, Uozumi R, Sugai M, Harada H, Huang B, MacDougall M, Bessho K. Third Dentition Is the Main Cause of Premolar Supernumerary Tooth Formation. J Dent Res 2019; 98:968-974. [PMID: 31238019 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519858282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While the prevalence of supernumerary teeth (ST) is high in permanent dentition, the etiology of ST in humans remains unclear. However, multiple murine models of ST have elaborated on dated mechanisms traditionally ascribed to ST etiology: one involves the rescue of rudimental teeth, and the second considers the contribution of odontogenic epithelial stem cells. It remains unclear whether these mechanisms of ST formation in mice are applicable to humans. The third dentition is usually regressed apoptotic-that is, the teeth do not completely form in humans. Recently, it was suggested that ST result from the rescue of regression of the third dentition in humans. The present investigation evaluates the proportion of collected general ST cases that evinced a third dentition based on the clinical definition of ST derived from the third dentition. We also investigated the contribution of SOX2-positive odontogenic epithelial stem cells to ST formation in humans. We collected 215 general ST cases from 15,008 patients. We confirmed that the general characteristics of the collected ST cases were similar to the results from previous reports. Of the 215 cases, we narrowed our analysis to the 78 patients who had received a computed tomography scan. The frequency of ST considered to have been derived from the third dentition was 26 out of 78 cases. Evidence of a third dentition was especially apparent in the premolar region, was more common in men, and was more likely among patients with ≥3 ST. SOX2-positive odontogenic epithelial stem cells within the surrounding epithelial cells of developing ST were observed in non-third dentition cases and not in third dentition cases. In conclusion, the third dentition is the main cause of ST in humans. The odontogenic epithelial stem cells may contribute to ST formation in cases not caused by a third dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kiso
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Mishima
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Murashima-Suginami
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Kakeno
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Yamazaki
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Asai
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Tokita
- 2 Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - R Uozumi
- 3 Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Sugai
- 4 Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - H Harada
- 5 The Advanced Oral Health Science Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - B Huang
- 6 School of Dentistry and Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia
| | - M MacDougall
- 7 Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Bessho
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Alterations of Mitochondrial Biology in the Oral Mucosa of Chilean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Cells 2019; 8:cells8040367. [PMID: 31018497 PMCID: PMC6523430 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by the impairment of socio-communicative skills and the presence of restricted and stereotyped behavior patterns. Recent researches have revealed the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD. Several research groups have identified defects in respiratory complexes, coenzyme-Q10 deficiency, increased oxidative damage, decreased of superoxide dismutase (SOD2). A study on the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD can provide new alternatives and challenges. That is why we set ourselves the general objective to initiate studies of mitochondrial physiology in Chilean children with ASD. A sample of oral mucosa was collected in a group of 12 children diagnosed with ASD and 12 children without ASD. In children with ASD, we found a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA levels. Likewise, in these children, an increase in the protein oxidation was observed. Finally, a downward trend in the expression of the HIGD2A and SOD2 genes was observed, while DRP1, FIS1, MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 gene expression show an upward trend. The increment of mitochondrial DNA, high oxidative stress, and high expression of the MFN2 gene could help as a scanner of the mitochondrial function in children with ASD.
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43
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Sox10 Regulates Plasticity of Epithelial Progenitors toward Secretory Units of Exocrine Glands. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:366-380. [PMID: 30713042 PMCID: PMC6373627 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how epithelial progenitors within exocrine glands establish specific cell lineages and form complex functional secretory units is vital for organ regeneration. Here we identify the transcription factor Sox10 as essential for both the maintenance and differentiation of epithelial KIT+FGFR2b+ progenitors into secretory units, containing acinar, myoepithelial, and intercalated duct cells. The KIT/FGFR2b-Sox10 axis marks the earliest multi-potent and tissue-specific progenitors of exocrine glands. Genetic deletion of epithelial Sox10 leads to loss of secretory units, which reduces organ size and function, but the ductal tree is retained. Intriguingly, the remaining duct progenitors do not compensate for loss of Sox10 and lack plasticity to properly form secretory units. However, overexpression of Sox10 in these ductal progenitors enhances their plasticity toward KIT+ progenitors and induces differentiation into secretory units. Therefore, Sox10 controls plasticity and multi-potency of epithelial KIT+ cells in secretory organs, such as mammary, lacrimal, and salivary glands. Sox10 marks the initial multi-potent KIT+ progenitors of exocrine glandular tissues KIT+ progenitors require Sox10 for their maintenance Sox10 is necessary for proper lineage development of secretory units Sox10 is sufficient to induce cell plasticity in non-KIT+ epithelial cells
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Deng P, Wang J, Zhang X, Wu X, Ji N, Li J, Zhou M, Jiang L, Zeng X, Chen Q. AFF4 promotes tumorigenesis and tumor-initiation capacity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating SOX2. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:937-947. [PMID: 29741610 PMCID: PMC6031063 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Super elongation complex (SEC) controls gene transcription by releasing Pol II from pausing. Previous studies have shown that dysfunction of SEC was associated with multiple human cancers, such as leukemia and breast cancer. However, the role of SEC in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development remains largely unknown. In this study, we found expression of AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4), the core component of SEC, was upregulated dramatically in HNSCC cell lines and tumor tissues. By using siRNA-mediated depletion and overexpression of AFF4, we demonstrated AFF4 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. Moreover, we found AFF4 enhanced the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and sphere formatting activity and was required for the tumor-initiation capacity of stem-like cells in HNSCC cell lines. Mechanistically, we found the role of AFF4 in regulation of HNSCC cell behaviors was mainly mediated by sex-determining region Y box2 (SOX2), a critical regulator involved in development of several human cancers. SOX2 expression changed in parallel with AFF4 expression in response to depletion and overexpression of AFF4, respectively. More importantly, overexpression of SOX2 rescued the inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and ALDH activity induced by knockdown of AFF4 in HNSCC cells, at least in part. Collectively, our findings indicate AFF4 may serve as a biomarker and a potential target of therapies for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xingyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Oncogenic activation of PI3K induces progenitor cell differentiation to suppress epidermal growth. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1256-1266. [PMID: 30361695 PMCID: PMC6291208 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic lesions are surprisingly common in morphologically and functionally normal human skin, however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that suppress their cancer-driving potential to maintain tissue homeostasis are unknown. By employing assays for direct and quantitative assessment of cell fate choices in vivo, we show that oncogenic activation of PI3K/AKT, the most commonly activated oncogenic pathway in cancer, promotes differentiation and cell-cycle exit of epidermal progenitors. As a result, oncogenic PI3K/AKT activated epidermis exhibits growth disadvantage even though its cells are more proliferative. To uncover the underlying mechanism behind oncogene-induced differentiation, we conduct a series of genetic screens in vivo, and identify an AKT substrate SH3RF1 as a specific promoter of epidermal differentiation that has no effect on proliferation. Our study provides evidence for a direct, cell autonomous mechanism that can suppresses progenitor cell renewal and block clonal expansion of epidermal cells bearing a common and activating mutation in Pik3ca.
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Ozaki A, Otani T, Kitagawa N, Ogata K, Iida H, Kojima H, Inai T. Serum affects keratinization and tight junctions in three-dimensional cultures of the mouse keratinocyte cell line COCA through retinoic acid receptor-mediated signaling. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:315-326. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Sanz-Gómez N, Freije A, Ceballos L, Obeso S, Sanz JR, García-Reija F, Morales-Angulo C, Gandarillas A. Response of head and neck epithelial cells to a DNA damage-differentiation checkpoint involving polyploidization. Head Neck 2018; 40:2487-2497. [PMID: 30311985 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous epithelia of the head and neck undergo continuous cell renewal and are continuously exposed to mutagenic hazard, the main cause of cancer. How they maintain homeostasis upon cell cycle deregulation is unclear. METHODS To elucidate how head and neck epithelia respond to cell cycle stress, we studied human keratinocytes from various locations (oral mucosa, tonsil, pharynx, larynx, and trachea). We made use of genotoxic or mitotic drugs (doxorubicin [DOXO], paclitaxel, and nocodazole), or chemical inhibitors of the mitotic checkpoint kinases, Aurora B and polo-like-1. We further tested the response to inactivation of p53, ectopic cyclin E, or to the chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). RESULTS All treatments provoked DNA damage or mitosis impairment and strikingly triggered squamous differentiation and polyploidization, resulting in irreversible loss of clonogenic capacity. CONCLUSION Keratinocytes from head and neck epithelia share a cell-autonomous squamous DNA damage-differentiation response that is common to the epidermis and might continuously protect them from cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sanz-Gómez
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Freije
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Sergio Obeso
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Valdecilla Hospital HUVM, Santander, Spain
| | - J Ramón Sanz
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Plastic Surgery Unit, Valdecilla Hospital HUVM, Santander, Spain
| | - Fe García-Reija
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Valdecilla Hospital HUVM, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmelo Morales-Angulo
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Valdecilla Hospital HUVM, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,INSERM, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
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Anisomycin, a JNK and p38 activator, suppresses cell-cell junction formation in 2D cultures of K38 mouse keratinocyte cells and reduces claudin-7 expression, with an increase of paracellular permeability in 3D cultures. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:369-384. [PMID: 30284609 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes in the oral mucosal epithelium, which is a non-keratinized stratified epithelium, are exposed to various stimuli from the oral cavity. JNK and p38 are stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are phosphorylated by various stimuli and are involved in the assembly and disassembly of tight junctions (TJs) in keratinocytes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of stress-activated MAPKs on TJs in a mouse keratinocyte cell line during cell-cell junction formation in two-dimensional (2D) cultures or stratification to form non-keratinized epithelium in 3D cultures. In 2D cultures, calcium induced zipper-like staining for ZO-1 at 2 h and string-like staining for ZO-1 at 12 h, which indicated immature and mature cell-cell junctions, respectively. Anisomycin (AM), a JNK and p38 activator, inhibited formation of string-like staining for ZO-1, whereas inhibition of JNK, but not p38, after AM treatment restored string-like staining for ZO-1, although claudins (CLDNs) 4, 6, and 7 did not completely colocalize to ZO-1-positive sites. In 3D cultures, AM treatment for 2 weeks activated only p38, suppressed flattening of the superficial cells, removed CLDN7 from ZO-1-positive spots on the surface of 3D cultures, which represent TJs, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance. Thus, short-term AM treatment inhibited maturation of cell-cell junctions by JNK, but not p38, activation. p38 activation by long-term AM treatment affected morphology of stratified structures and paracellular permeability, which was increased by CLDN7 removal from TJs. Various chronic stimuli that activate stress-activated MAPKs may weaken the keratinocyte barrier and be involved in TJ-related diseases.
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Rahimi C, Rahimi B, Padova D, Rooholghodos SA, Bienek DR, Luo X, Kaufman G, Raub CB. Oral mucosa-on-a-chip to assess layer-specific responses to bacteria and dental materials. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:054106. [PMID: 30310527 PMCID: PMC6158033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The human oral mucosa hosts a diverse microbiome and is exposed to potentially toxic biomaterials from dental restoratives. Mucosal health is partly determined by cell and tissue responses to challenges such as dental materials and pathogenic bacteria. An in vitro model to rapidly determine potential layer-specific responses would lead to a better understanding of mucosal homeostasis and pathology. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a co-cultured microfluidic mucosal model on-a-chip to rapidly assess mucosal remodeling and the responses of epithelial and subepithelial layers to challenges typically found in the oral environment. A gingival fibroblast-laden collagen hydrogel was assembled in the central channel of a three-channel microfluidic chamber with interconnecting pores, followed by a keratinocyte layer attached to the collagen exposed in the pores. This configuration produced apical and subepithelial side channels capable of sustaining flow. Keratinocyte, fibroblast, and collagen densities were optimized to create a co-culture tissue-like construct stable over one week. Cells were stained and imaged with epifluorescence microscopy to confirm layer characteristics. As proof-of-concept, the mucosal construct was exposed separately to a dental monomer, 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Exposure to HEMA lowered mucosal cell viability, while exposure to the bacteria lowered trans-epithelial electrical resistance. These findings suggest that the oral mucosa-on-a-chip is useful for studying oral mucosal interactions with bacteria and biomaterials with a histology-like view of the tissue layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Benjamin Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Dominic Padova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Seyed A. Rooholghodos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Diane R. Bienek
- ADA Foundation, Volpe Research Center, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop #8546, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Gili Kaufman
- ADA Foundation, Volpe Research Center, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop #8546, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
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50
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Irani S, Dehghan A. The Expression and Functional Significance of Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin, CD44, and Vimentin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:110-117. [PMID: 29780735 PMCID: PMC5946518 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_408_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ninety percent of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinoma which develops in the oral cavity. Metastasis is the main causative factor for death in 90% of all cancer-related deaths and begins with the invasion of tumor cells through the walls of small blood vessels or lymph vessels. A growing body of evidence has shown that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) facilitates tumor growth and cancer metastasis. The current study aimed to present the role of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin in inducing VM and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to identify the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods A total of 63 OSCC samples (21 samples each grade) were collected from the archive of Pathology Department of Besat educational hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from 2000 to 2015. VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double-staining were used to validate VM. VM was identified by the detection of PAS-positive loops surrounded by tumor cells. Chi-square test was used to examine the differences between the variables. Significant level was set at 0.05. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the co-localization of the markers. Results There were statistically significant differences between tumor grade and the expression levels of VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin (P = 0.000). In addition, significant differences were found between tumor grade and microvessel density (P = 0.000) and between tumor grade and VM (P = 0.000). Conclusion Our results may disclose a definite relationship between VE-cadherin, CD44 and vimentin expression levels, VM formation, EMT, CSCs, and microvessel count in OSCC samples. For this reason, it is suggested that VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin are related to angiogenesis and VM formation in OSCC, therefore, in tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, antitumor angiogenic therapies have been challenged. The presence of VM may explain the failure of antiangiogenic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Research Centre, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arash Dehghan
- Department of Pathology, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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