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Abstract
Covering: up to mid-2020 Terpenoids, also called isoprenoids, are the largest and most structurally diverse family of natural products. Found in all domains of life, there are over 80 000 known compounds. The majority of characterized terpenoids, which include some of the most well known, pharmaceutically relevant, and commercially valuable natural products, are produced by plants and fungi. Comparatively, terpenoids of bacterial origin are rare. This is counter-intuitive to the fact that recent microbial genomics revealed that almost all bacteria have the biosynthetic potential to create the C5 building blocks necessary for terpenoid biosynthesis. In this review, we catalogue terpenoids produced by bacteria. We collected 1062 natural products, consisting of both primary and secondary metabolites, and classified them into two major families and 55 distinct subfamilies. To highlight the structural and chemical space of bacterial terpenoids, we discuss their structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Although the bacterial terpenome is relatively small, it presents a fascinating dichotomy for future research. Similarities between bacterial and non-bacterial terpenoids and their biosynthetic pathways provides alternative model systems for detailed characterization while the abundance of novel skeletons, biosynthetic pathways, and bioactivies presents new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Tyler A Alsup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Baofu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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2
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Zhang X, Chen S, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang C. Dassonmycins A and B, Polycyclic Thioalkaloids from a Marine Sponge-Derived Nocardiopsis dassonvillei SCSIO 40065. Org Lett 2021; 23:2858-2862. [PMID: 33703905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two polycyclic thioalkaloides dassonmycins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from Nocardiopsis dassonvillei SCSIO 40065 associated with marine sponge Petrosia sp. Structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, to have a 6/6/6/6-fused tetracyclic ring featuring a naphthoquinone[2,3-e]piperazine[1,2-c]thiomorpholine scaffold. Compound 2 formed a caged core through an additional ether bridge. Both compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuchan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou 511458, China.,Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Yazhou Scientific Bay, Sanya 572000, China
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Abstract
A member of the marine streptomycete clade MAR4, Streptomyces sp. CNQ-509, has genetic potential for the biosynthesis of hybrid isoprenoids and produces several meroterpenoids such as naphterpin, nitropyrrolin and marinophenazine. Our research on the strain CNQ-509 led to the isolation of two new naphterpin derivatives (1 and 2) comprised of naphthoquinone and geranyl moieties along with the known terpenoid, debromomarinone. The two-dimensional structure of these compounds was determined through spectral data analysis using data from NMR, MS and UV spectroscopy. Furthermore, the full structures of 1 and 2 including absolute configurations were unequivocally established by a combination of NMR experiments and chemical modifications.
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Miles ZD, Diethelm S, Pepper HP, Huang DM, George JH, Moore BS. A unifying paradigm for naphthoquinone-based meroterpenoid (bio)synthesis. Nat Chem 2017; 9:1235-1242. [PMID: 29168495 PMCID: PMC5960991 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meroterpenoids constitute an important class of natural products with diverse biological properties and therapeutic potential. The biosynthetic logic for their production is unknown and defies explanation via classical biochemical paradigms. A large subgroup of naphthoquinone-based meroterpenoids exhibits a substitution pattern of the polyketide-derived aromatic core that seemingly contradicts the established reactivity pattern of polyketide phenol nucleophiles and terpene diphosphate electrophiles. We report the discovery of a hitherto unprecedented enzyme-promoted α-hydroxyketone rearrangement catalysed by vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases to account for these discrepancies in the merochlorin and napyradiomycin class of meroterpenoid antibiotics, and we demonstrate that the α-hydroxyketone rearrangement is potentially a conserved biosynthetic reaction in this molecular class. The biosynthetic α-hydroxyketone rearrangement was applied in a concise total synthesis of naphthomevalin, a prominent member of the napyradiomycin meroterpenes, and sheds further light on the mechanism of this unifying enzymatic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Miles
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Stefan Diethelm
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Henry P. Pepper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David M. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jonathan H. George
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Farnaes L, La Clair JJ, Fenical W. Napyradiomycins CNQ525.510B and A80915C target the Hsp90 paralogue Grp94. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:418-23. [PMID: 24292715 PMCID: PMC3893886 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular localization and target of the napyradiomycin congeners CNQ525.510B and A80815C were explored using an immunoaffinity fluorescence (IAF) approach. Semi-synthetic methods were used to prepare probes from napyradiomycin CNQ525.510B and derivative A80815C. The results of confocal microscopy indicated that probes from both natural products localized predominantly within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells. Parallel immunoaffinity precipitation efforts using a monoclonal antibody designed against the IAF tag, resulted in the isolation of an Hsp90 family member. This protein was identified as human Grp94 (hGrp94), by its specific mass spectral signature. This observation was validated by Western blot analyses and by the result of an in vitro Grp94 binding assay. The fact that the napyradiomycins CNQ525.510B and A80815C bind to hGrp94, and their associated probes localize within the ER, suggest the use of these materials as molecular probes for monitoring ER-based chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauge Farnaes
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - James J. La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093- 0378, USA
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
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