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Sudarshan K, Yarlagadda S, Sengupta S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diarylheptanoids. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400380. [PMID: 38744677 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for synthesizing biologically important natural products, medicinal chemists embark on an endless journey. This review focuses on the reports published towards the syntheses of diarylheptanoids, classifying them into linear, tetrahydropyran, diarylether, and biphenyl categories. The synthesis methods for each class from 2013 to 2023 are discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the field. Representative natural product examples are highlighted for each category. The review emphasizes the importance of diarylheptanoids in the realms of chemistry and medicine, showcasing their potential as valuable compounds for medicinal and synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasireddy Sudarshan
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Suresh Yarlagadda
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Sagnik Sengupta
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
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Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031012. [PMID: 35164274 PMCID: PMC8839925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocycles represent attractive candidates in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Since 2014, nineteen macrocyclic drugs, including three radiopharmaceuticals, have been approved by FDA for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, cancer, obesity, immunosuppression, etc. As such, new synthetic methodologies and high throughput chemistry (e.g., microwave-assisted and/or solid-phase synthesis) to access various macrocycle entities have attracted great interest in this chemical space. This article serves as an update on our previous review related to macrocyclic drugs and new synthetic strategies toward macrocycles (Molecules, 2013, 18, 6230). In this work, I first reviewed recent FDA-approved macrocyclic drugs since 2014, followed by new advances in macrocycle synthesis using high throughput chemistry, including microwave-assisted and/or solid-supported macrocyclization strategies. Examples and highlights of macrocyclization include macrolactonization and macrolactamization, transition-metal catalyzed olefin ring-closure metathesis, intramolecular C–C and C–heteroatom cross-coupling, copper- or ruthenium-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, intramolecular SNAr or SN2 nucleophilic substitution, condensation reaction, and multi-component reaction-mediated macrocyclization, and covering the literature since 2010.
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D’yakonov VA, Islamov II, Dzhemileva LU, Makarova EK, Dzhemilev UM. Direct Synthesis of Polyaromatic Cyclophanes Containing Bis-Methylene-Interrupted Z-Double Bonds and Study of Their Antitumor Activity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168787. [PMID: 34445489 PMCID: PMC8396040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An original synthetic route was developed for the preparation of previously unknown unsaturated polyaromatic macrolactones containing a 1Z,5Z-diene moiety in 48–71% yields and with >98% stereoselectivity. The method is based on intermolecular cyclocondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids with α,ω-alka-nZ,(n+4)Z-dienediols (1,12-dodeca-4Z,8Z-dienediol, 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienediol, 1,18-octadeca-7Z,11Z-dienediol) mediated by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The unsaturated diols were prepared by successive homo-cyclomagnesiation of tetrahydropyran ethers of O-containing 1,2-dienes with EtMgBr in the presence of Mg metal and the Cp2TiCl2 catalyst (10 mol.%) and subsequent treatment with 0.1 equiv. of para-toluenesulfonic acid of pyran ethers formed after the acid hydrolysis of magnesacyclopentanes. The resulting cyclophanes exhibited high cytotoxic activity in vitro against Jurkat, K562, U937, and HL60 cancer lines. Additionally, the synthesized products were studied for their effect on mitochondria, ability to induce apoptosis, and influence on the cell cycle using modern flow cytometry methods.
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Multicomponent synthesis and anti-proliferative screening of biaryl triazole-containing cyclophanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127899. [PMID: 33722739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a practical two-step approach involving a Ugi 4-CR/ azide-alkyne cycloaddition for the synthesis of biaryl-containing cyclophanes. The series represents an extension of our previously reported macrocycles as an effort to enhance the anti-proliferative activity of this scaffold. In this variant, we incorporate a biphenyl moiety in the framework, thus enhancing the macrocycle size, lipophilicity, and structural diversity. Macrocycles were tested against different cell lines, being more cytotoxic against prostate (PC-3 and DU-145) and breast (MCF-7) tumor cells. Gratifyingly, the most active compound showed a significative enhancement of PC-3 growth inhibition with respect to our previous series, reaffirming the potential anti-proliferative activity of this kind of cyclophanes.
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Tiwari A, Kumar A, Srivastava G, Sharma A. Screening of Anti-mycobacterial Phytochemical Compounds for Potential Inhibitors against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isocitrate Lyase. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:600-608. [PMID: 30836915 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304125603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosiswith high morbidity and mortality. Isocitrate lyase (MtbICL), a key enzyme of glyoxylate pathway has been shown to be involved in mycobacterial persistence, is attractive drug target against persistent tuberculosis. METHODS Virtual screening, molecular docking and MD simulation study has been integrated for screening of phytochemical based anti-mycobacterial compounds. Docking study of reported MtbICL inhibitors has shown an average binding affinity score -7.30 Kcal/mol. In virtual screening, compounds exhibiting lower binding energy than calculated average binding energy were selected as top hit compounds followed by calculation of drug likeness property. Relationship between experimental IC50 value and calculated binding gibbs free energy of reported inhibitors was also calculated through regression analysis to predict IC50 value of potential inhibitors. RESULTS Docking and MD simulation studies of top hit compounds have identified shinjudilactone (quassinoid), lecheronol A (pimarane) and caniojane (diterpene) as potential MtbICL inhibitors. CONCLUSION Phytochemical based anti-mycobacterial compound can further developed into effective drugs against persistence tuberculosis with lesser toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tiwari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurava Srivastava
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Park S, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Shin D. Total synthesis of giffonin H by fluoride-catalyzed macrocyclization. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
First total synthesis of giffonin H, a highly strained 15-membered macrocyclic diaryl ether, has been achieved. Key steps include Ullmann cross coupling, (Z)-selective Julia–Kocienski olefination, and fluoride-mediated macrocyclization of TMS-alkyne and aldehyde. The strategy used for macrocyclization is an unprecedented and unique synthetic approach for cyclic diarylheptanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- CHA University
- Pocheon-si
- South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy
- Yonsei University
- Incheon 21983
- South Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- South Korea
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Jahng Y, Park JG. Recent Studies on Cyclic 1,7-Diarylheptanoids: Their Isolation, Structures, Biological Activities, and Chemical Synthesis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123107. [PMID: 30486479 PMCID: PMC6321387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids are a family of plant secondary metabolites with a 7 carbon skeleton possessing two phenyl rings at the 1- and 7-positions. They can be subdivided into acyclic and cyclic diarylheptanoids where the latter are further divided into meta,meta-bridged biphenyls ([7.0]metacyclophanes) and meta,para-bridged diphenyl ether heptanoids (oxa[7.1]metapara-cyclophanes). Since the isolation of curcumin from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in 1815 which was named curcumin, a variety of diarylheptanoids have been isolated from a number of plant families such as Aceraceae, Actinidiaceae, Betulaceae, Burseraceae, Casuarinaceae, Juglandaceae, Leguminosae, Myricaceae, and Zingiberaceae. Earlier studies on these diarylheptanoids have been summarized on several occasions, of which the main themes only focus on isolation, structure elucidation, and the biological properties of linear types. Only a few have covered cyclic diarylheptanoids and their chemical synthesis has been covered lastly by Zhu et al. in 2000. The present paper has, therefore, covered recent progress in cyclic diarylheptanoids focusing on the isolation, structural and biological features, and chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurngdong Jahng
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Korea.
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Limonoids Containing a C₁⁻ O⁻C 29 Moiety: Isolation, Structural Modification, and Antiviral Activity. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110434. [PMID: 30400349 PMCID: PMC6266505 DOI: 10.3390/md16110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new limonoids named thaigranatins A⁻E (1⁻5), containing a C₁⁻O⁻C29 moiety, were isolated from seeds of the Thai Xylocarpus granatum, collected at the mangrove swamp of Trang Province, together with the known limonoid, granatumin L (6). The structures of these compounds were established by HR-ESIMS and extensive NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, conducted with Cu Kα radiation; whereas that of 2 or 6 was established to be the same as that of 1 by the similarity of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. In view of the marked antiviral activity of 6, its structure was modified via hydrolysis with alkaline KOH, esterification with diazomethane and various organic acids, and oximization with hydroxyamine. Finally, 18 derivatives, viz. 7⁻10, 8a⁻8i, 9a⁻9b, and 10a⁻10c, were obtained. In vitro antiviral activities of these derivatives against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus (IAV) were evaluated. Most notably, 8i exhibited marked inhibitory activity against HIV-1 with an IC50 value of 15.98 ± 6.87 μM and a CC50 value greater than 100.0 μM; whereas 10b showed significant inhibitory activity against IAV with an IC50 value of 14.02 ± 3.54 μM and a CC50 value greater than 100.0 μM.
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Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of macrocyclic diarylheptanoid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4070-6. [PMID: 27406794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other problematic bacterial pathogens, continue to pose a significant threat to global public health. As such, new chemotype antibacterial agents are desperately needed to fuel and strengthen the antibacterial drug discovery and development pipeline. As part of our antibacterial research program to develop natural product-inspired new antibacterial agents, here we report synthesis, antibacterial evaluation, and structure-activity relationship studies of an extended chemical library of macrocyclic diarylheptanoids with diverse amine, amide, urea, and sulfonamide functionalities. Results of this study have produced macrocyclic geranylamine and 4-fluorophenethylamine substituted derivatives, exhibiting moderate to good activity against M. tuberculosis and selected Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Moloney MG. Natural Products as a Source for Novel Antibiotics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:689-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lin H, Annamalai T, Bansod P, Tse-Dinh YC, Sun D. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of anziaic acid and analogues as topoisomerase I inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:10.1039/C3MD00238A. [PMID: 24363888 PMCID: PMC3867937 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring anziaic acid was very recently reported as a topoisomerase I inhibitor with antibacterial activity. Herein total synthesis of anziaic acid and structural analogues is described and the preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been developed based on topoisomerase inhibition and whole cell antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. Fax: 1-(808)-933-2974; Tel: 1-(808)-933-2960
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Priyanka Bansod
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. Fax: 1-(808)-933-2974; Tel: 1-(808)-933-2960
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Lin H, Sun D. RECENT SYNTHETIC DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE ULLMANN REACTION. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2013; 45. [PMID: 24223434 DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2013.816208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Yu X, Sun D. Macrocyclic drugs and synthetic methodologies toward macrocycles. Molecules 2013; 18:6230-68. [PMID: 23708234 PMCID: PMC4374646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic scaffolds are commonly found in bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. So far, a large number of macrocyclic natural products have been isolated and synthesized. The construction of macrocycles is generally considered as a crucial and challenging step in the synthesis of macrocyclic natural products. Over the last several decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken toward the synthesis of complex naturally occurring macrocycles and great progresses have been made to advance the field of total synthesis. The commonly used synthetic methodologies toward macrocyclization include macrolactonization, macrolactamization, transition metal-catalyzed cross coupling, ring-closing metathesis, and click reaction, among others. Selected recent examples of macrocyclic synthesis of natural products and druglike macrocycles with significant biological relevance are highlighted in each class. The primary goal of this review is to summarize currently used macrocyclic drugs, highlight the therapeutic potential of this underexplored drug class and outline the general synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; E-Mail:
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