1
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Duan Z, Han J, Liu Y, Zhao X, Wang B, Cao S, Wu D. A polymeric 1H/ 19F dual-modal MRI contrast agent with a snowman-like Janus nanostructure. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38984662 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a pivotal tool in contemporary medical diagnostics, offering non-invasive and high-resolution visualization of internal structures. Contrast agents are essential for enhancing MRI resolution, accurate lesion detection, and early pathology identification. While gadolinium-based contrast agents are widely used in clinics, safety concerns have prompted exploration of metal-free alternatives, including fluorine and nitroxide radical-based MRI contrast agents. Fluorine-containing compounds exhibit excellent MRI capabilities, with 19F MRI providing enhanced resolution and quantitative assessment. Nitroxide radicals, such as PROXYL and TEMPO, offer paramagnetic properties for MRI contrast. Despite their versatility, nitroxide radicals suffer from lower relaxivity values (r1) compared to gadolinium. Dual-modal imaging, combining 1H and 19F MRI, has gained prominence for its comprehensive insights into biological processes and disease states. However, existing dual-modal agents predominantly utilize gadolinium-organic ligands without incorporating nitroxide radicals. Here, we introduce a novel dual-modal MRI contrast agent (J-CA) featuring a Janus asymmetric nanostructure synthesized via seeded emulsion polymerization and post-modification. J-CA demonstrates excellent in vitro and in vivo performance in both 19F and 1H MRI, with a T2 relaxation time of 5 ms and an r1 value of 0.31 mM-1 s-1, ensuring dual-modal imaging capability. Moreover, J-CA exhibits superior biocompatibility and organ targeting, making it a promising candidate for precise lesion imaging and disease diagnosis. This work introduces a new avenue for metal-free dual-modal MRI, addressing safety concerns associated with traditional contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Duan
- Sun Yat-Sen University of Shenzhen Campus, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jialei Han
- Sun Yat-Sen University of Shenzhen Campus, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yadong Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University of Shenzhen Campus, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen University of Shenzhen Campus, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University of Shenzhen Campus, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen, China.
| | | | - Dalin Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University of Shenzhen Campus, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Lumata JL, Hagge LM, Gaspar MA, Trashi I, Ehrman RN, Koirala S, Chiev AC, Wijesundara YH, Darwin CB, Pena S, Wen X, Wansapura J, Nielsen SO, Kovacs Z, Lumata LL, Gassensmith JJ. TEMPO-conjugated tobacco mosaic virus as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for detection of superoxide production in the inflamed liver. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3273-3281. [PMID: 38469725 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Superoxide, an anionic dioxygen molecule, plays a crucial role in redox regulation within the body but is implicated in various pathological conditions when produced excessively. Efforts to develop superoxide detection strategies have led to the exploration of organic-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study compares the effectiveness of two such agents, nTMV-TEMPO and kTMV-TEMPO, for detecting superoxide in a mouse liver model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The study demonstrates that kTMV-TEMPO, with a strategically positioned lysine residue for TEMPO attachment, outperforms nTMV-TEMPO as an MRI contrast agent. The enhanced sensitivity of kTMV-TEMPO is attributed to its more exposed TEMPO attachment site, facilitating stronger interactions with water protons and superoxide radicals. EPR kinetics experiments confirm kTMV-TEMPO's faster oxidation and reduction rates, making it a promising sensor for superoxide in inflamed liver tissue. In vivo experiments using healthy and LPS-induced inflamed mice reveal that reduced kTMV-TEMPO remains MRI-inactive in healthy mice but becomes MRI-active in inflamed livers. The contrast enhancement in inflamed livers is substantial, validating the potential of kTMV-TEMPO for detecting superoxide in vivo. This research underscores the importance of optimizing contrast agents for in vivo imaging applications. The enhanced sensitivity and biocompatibility of kTMV-TEMPO make it a promising candidate for further studies in the realm of medical imaging, particularly in the context of monitoring oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica L Lumata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Laurel M Hagge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Miguel A Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Ryanne N Ehrman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Alyssa C Chiev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Cary B Darwin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Salvador Pena
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Janaka Wansapura
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Steven O Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Lloyd L Lumata
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
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3
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Rančić A, Babić N, Orio M, Peyrot F. Structural Features Governing the Metabolic Stability of Tetraethyl-Substituted Nitroxides in Rat Liver Microsomes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020402. [PMID: 36829960 PMCID: PMC9952648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are potent tools for studying biological systems by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Whatever the application, a certain stability is necessary for successful detection. Since conventional tetramethyl-substituted cyclic nitroxides have insufficient in vivo stability, efforts have recently been made to synthesize more stable, tetraethyl-substituted nitroxides. In our previous study on piperidine nitroxides, the introduction of steric hindrance around the nitroxide moiety successfully increased the resistance to reduction into hydroxylamine. However, it also rendered the carbon backbone susceptible to modifications by xenobiotic metabolism due to increased lipophilicity. Here, we focus on a new series of three nitroxide candidates with tetraethyl substitution, namely with pyrrolidine, pyrroline, and isoindoline cores, to identify which structural features afford increased stability for future probe design and application in in vivo EPR imaging. In the presence of rat liver microsomes, pyrrolidine and pyrroline tetraethyl nitroxides exhibited a higher stability than isoindoline nitroxide, which was studied in detail by HPLC-HRMS. Multiple metabolites suggest that the aerobic transformation of tetraethyl isoindoline nitroxide is initiated by hydrogen abstraction by P450-FeV = O from one of the ethyl groups, followed by rearrangement and further modifications by cytochrome P450, as supported by DFT calculations. Under anaerobic conditions, only reduction by rat liver microsomes was observed with involvement of P450-FeII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rančić
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nikola Babić
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- iSm2, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
- Institut National Supérieur du Professorat et de l’Education (INSPE) de l’Académie de Paris, Sorbonne Université, F-75016 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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4
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Hollen C, Neilson LE, Barajas RF, Greenhouse I, Spain RI. Oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis-Emerging imaging techniques. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1025659. [PMID: 36712455 PMCID: PMC9878592 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1025659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is central to the evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis, its role in detecting the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration is more limited. One of the common outcome measures for progressive multiple sclerosis trials, atrophy on brain MRI, is non-specific and reflects end-stage changes after considerable neurodegeneration has occurred. Identifying biomarkers that identify processes underlying neurodegeneration before it is irreversible and that reflect relevant neurodegenerative pathophysiology is an area of significant need. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Imaging markers related to inflammation, myelination, and neuronal integrity have been areas of advancement in recent years but oxidative stress has remained an area of unrealized potential. In this article we will begin by reviewing the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Chronic inflammation appears to be directly related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species and the effects of subsequent oxidative stress appear to be amplified by aging and accumulating disease. We will then discuss techniques in development used in the assessment of MS as well as other models of neurodegenerative disease in which oxidative stress is implicated. Multiple blood and CSF markers of oxidative stress have been evaluated in subjects with MS, but non-invasive imaging offers major upside in that it provides real-time assessment within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hollen
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lee E. Neilson
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ramon F. Barajas
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Rebecca I. Spain
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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5
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Azuma R, Yamasaki T, Emoto MC, Sato-Akaba H, Sano K, Munekane M, Fujii HG, Mukai T. Effect of relative configuration of TEMPO-type nitroxides on ascorbate reduction. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:114-122. [PMID: 36442586 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl (TEMPO)-type nitroxides are susceptible to bioreduction, leading to a loss of radical properties. Although it has been reported that the steric and electronic environments around the N-O moiety of nitroxides affect the reduction, how the relative configuration of nitroxide derivatives alters it is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of diastereomers on the radical properties of C2- and C4-disubstituted TEMPO-type nitroxides. We succeeded in isolating the diastereomers of the studied nitroxides for the first time. In addition, we compared the reactivities of nitroxide derivatives with different substituents at the C2 and C4 positions toward ascorbate reduction. We found that the bulky substituents at both C2 and C4 and the electronic effect of C4 affected the reduction of the isomers. C2- and C4-disubstituted nitroxides were administered to mice for electron spin resonance imaging to assess bioreduction in the brain. Similar to the reactivity to reduction in vitro, a difference in the bioreduction of diastereomers was observed in brain tissues. Our research strongly indicates that bioreduction can be controlled by changing the relative configuration, which can be used in the design of nitroxide derivatives for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Azuma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Miho C Emoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Hideo Sato-Akaba
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masayuki Munekane
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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6
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Zhang S, Lloveras V, Lope-Piedrafita S, Calero-Pérez P, Wu S, Candiota AP, Vidal-Gancedo J. Metal-Free Radical Dendrimers as MRI Contrast Agents for Glioblastoma Diagnosis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Approaches. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2767-2777. [PMID: 35749573 PMCID: PMC9277593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Simultaneously being
a nonradiative and noninvasive technique makes
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly required imaging
approaches for the early diagnosis and follow-up of tumors, specifically
for brain cancer. Paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents
(CAs) are the most widely used ones in brain MRI acquisitions with
special interest when assessing blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity,
a characteristic of high-grade tumors. However, alternatives to Gd-based
contrast agents (CAs) are highly required to overcome their established
toxicity. Organic radicals anchored on a dendrimer macromolecule surface
(radical dendrimers) are promising alternatives since they also exhibit
paramagnetic properties and can act as T1 CAs like Gd-based CAs while being organic species (mitigating concerns
about toxic metal accumulation). Here, we studied the third generation
of a water-soluble family of poly(phosphorhydrazone) radical dendrimers,
with 48 PROXYL radical units anchored on their branches, exploring
their potential of ex vivo and in vivo contrast enhancement in brain tumors (in particular, of immunocompetent,
orthotopic GL261 murine glioblastoma (GB)). Remarkably, this radical
species provides suitable contrast enhancement on murine GL261 GB
tumors, which was comparable to that of commercial Gd-based CAs (at
standard dose 0.1 mmol/kg), even at its 4 times lower administered
dose (0.025 mmol/kg). Importantly, no signs of toxicity were detected in vivo. In addition, it showed a selective accumulation
in brain tumor tissues, exhibiting longer retention within the tumor,
which allows performing imaging acquisition over longer time frames
(≥2.5 h) as opposed to Gd chelates. Finally, we observed high
stability of the radicals in biological media, on the order of hours
instead of minutes, characteristic of the isolated radicals. All of
these features allow us to suggest that the G3-Tyr-PROXYL-ONa radical
dendrimer could be a viable alternative to metal-based MRI contrast
agents, particularly on MRI analysis of GB, representing, to the best
of our knowledge, the first case of organic radical species used for
this purpose and one of the very few examples of these types of radical
species working as MRI CAs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Zhang
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC; Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vega Lloveras
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC; Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pilar Calero-Pérez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Shuang Wu
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Vidal-Gancedo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC; Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
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7
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Liu W, Tao O, Chen L, Ling Y, Zeng M, Jin H, Jiang D. Synthesis and characterization of a Cu(ii) coordination-containing TAM radical as a nitroxyl probe. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15980-15985. [PMID: 35733682 PMCID: PMC9138401 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07511j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) has been identified as an important signaling molecule in biological systems, and it plays critical roles in many physiological processes. However, its detection remains challenging because of the limited sensitivity and/or specificity of existing detection methods. Low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging, coupled with the use of exogenous paramagnetic probes, have been indispensable techniques for the in vivo measurement of various physiological parameters owing to their specificity, noninvasiveness and good depth of magnetic field penetration in animal tissues. However, the in vivo detection of HNO levels by EPR spectroscopy and imaging is limited due to the need for improved probes. We report the first "turn on-response" EPR probe for HNO utilizing a Cu(ii) coordination-containing TAM radical (denoted as CuII[TD1]). Upon reaction with HNO, CuII[TD1] shows a 16.1-fold turn-on in EPR signal with a low detection limit of 1.95 μM. Moreover, low-temperature EPR spectroscopic and ESI-MS studies showed that the sensing mechanism relies on the reduction of Cu(ii) by HNO. Lastly, CuII[TD1] is selective for HNO over other reactive nitrogen and oxygen species except for some reductants (Cys and Asc). This new Cu(ii) coordination-containing TAM radical shows great potential for in vivo EPR HNO applications in the absence of reducing agents and provides insights into developing improved and targeted EPR HNO probes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University Jiujiang 332000 China
| | - Ouyang Tao
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University Jiujiang 332000 China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Public Health, TianJin Medical University China
| | - Yun Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University Jiujiang 332000 China
| | - Ming Zeng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University Jiujiang 332000 China
| | - Hongguang Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University Jiujiang 332000 China
| | - Dengzhao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University Jiujiang 332000 China
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8
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Matsumoto KI, Nakanishi I, Zhelev Z, Bakalova R, Aoki I. Nitroxyl Radical as a Theranostic Contrast Agent in Magnetic Resonance Redox Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:95-121. [PMID: 34148403 PMCID: PMC8792502 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance:In vivo assessment of paramagnetic and diamagnetic conversions of nitroxyl radicals based on cyclic redox mechanism can be an index of tissue redox status. The redox mechanism of nitroxyl radicals, which enables their use as a normal tissue-selective radioprotector, is seen as being attractive on planning radiation therapy. Recent Advances:In vivo redox imaging using nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive contrast agents has been developed to assess tissue redox status. Chemical and biological behaviors depending on chemical structures of nitroxyl radical compounds have been understood in detail. Polymer types of nitroxyl radical contrast agents and/or nitroxyl radical-labeled drugs were designed for approaching theranostics. Critical Issues: Nitroxyl radicals as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have several advantages compared with those used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging, while support by EPR spectroscopy is important to understand information from MRI. Redox-sensitive paramagnetic contrast agents having a medicinal benefit, that is, nitroxyl-labeled drug, have been developed and proposed. Future Directions: A development of suitable nitroxyl contrast agent for translational theranostic applications with high reaction specificity and low normal tissue toxicity is under progress. Nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive magnetic resonance contrast agents can be a useful tool to detect an abnormal tissue redox status such as disordered oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 95-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Zhivko Zhelev
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.,Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Bakalova
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Goup, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Goup, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
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9
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Huang Y, Fan J, Li Y, Fu S, Chen Y, Wu J. Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia With Radionuclide-Labeled Tracers for PET. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731503. [PMID: 34557414 PMCID: PMC8454408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state in a solid tumor refers to the internal hypoxic environment that appears as the tumor volume increases (the maximum radius exceeds 180-200 microns). This state can promote angiogenesis, destroy the balance of the cell’s internal environment, and lead to resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as poor prognostic factors such as metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, accurate quantification, mapping, and monitoring of hypoxia, targeted therapy, and improvement of tumor hypoxia are of great significance for tumor treatment and improving patient survival. Despite many years of development, PET-based hypoxia imaging is still the most widely used evaluation method. This article provides a comprehensive overview of tumor hypoxia imaging using radionuclide-labeled PET tracers. We introduced the mechanism of tumor hypoxia and the reasons leading to the poor prognosis, and more comprehensively included the past, recent and ongoing studies of PET radiotracers for tumor hypoxia imaging. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream methods for detecting tumor hypoxia are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junying Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Oncology, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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10
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Emoto MC, Sato-Akaba H, Hamaue N, Kawanishi K, Koshino H, Shimohama S, Fujii HG. Early detection of redox imbalance in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:9-18. [PMID: 34058322 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cognitive decline. Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is the most important pathophysiological hallmark of AD. Oxidative stress induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a prominent phenomenon in AD and is known to occur early in its course. Several reports have suggested a relationship between changes in redox status and AD pathology, including progressive Aβ deposition, glial cell activation, and inflammation. In the present study, we employed a newly designed three-dimensional continuous-wave digital electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imager with a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable redox-sensitive piperidine nitroxide probe, 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-d16-1-oxyl, for early detection of changed brain redox status. Using this system, we noninvasively compared age-matched 7-month-old AD model mice with normal littermates (WT mice). The obtained brain redox images of AD and WT mice clearly showed impaired brain redox status of AD mice compared to WT, suggesting that oxidative damage had already increased in 7-month-old AD mice compared with age-matched WT mice. The pathological changes in 7-month-old mice in this study were detected earlier than in previous studies in which only AD mice older than 9 months of age could be imaged. Since EPR images suggested that oxidative damage was already increased in 7-month-old AD mice compared to age-matched WT mice, we also evaluated antioxidant levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in brain tissue homogenates of 7-month-old AD and WT mice. Compared to WT mice, decreased levels of glutathione and mitochondrial SOD activity were found in AD mice, which supports the EPR imaging results indicating impaired brain redox status. These results indicate that the EPR imaging method developed in this study is useful for early noninvasive detection of altered brain redox status due to oxidative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho C Emoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Hideo Sato-Akaba
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Naoya Hamaue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kawanishi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hisashi Koshino
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
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11
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Matsumoto KI, Mitchell JB, Krishna MC. Multimodal Functional Imaging for Cancer/Tumor Microenvironments Based on MRI, EPRI, and PET. Molecules 2021; 26:1614. [PMID: 33799481 PMCID: PMC8002164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the main modalities to treat cancer/tumor. The response to radiation therapy, however, can be influenced by physiological and/or pathological conditions in the target tissues, especially by the low partial oxygen pressure and altered redox status in cancer/tumor tissues. Visualizing such cancer/tumor patho-physiological microenvironment would be a useful not only for planning radiotherapy but also to detect cancer/tumor in an earlier stage. Tumor hypoxia could be sensed by positron emission tomography (PET), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oxygen mapping, and in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) MRI. Tissue oxygenation could be visualized on a real-time basis by blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and/or tissue oxygen level dependent (TOLD) MRI signal. EPR imaging (EPRI) and/or T1-weighted MRI techniques can visualize tissue redox status non-invasively based on paramagnetic and diamagnetic conversions of nitroxyl radical contrast agent. 13C-DNP MRI can visualize glycometabolism of tumor/cancer tissues. Accurate co-registration of those multimodal images could make mechanisms of drug and/or relation of resulted biological effects clear. A multimodal instrument, such as PET-MRI, may have another possibility to link multiple functions. Functional imaging techniques individually developed to date have been converged on the concept of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - James B. Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA;
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA;
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12
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Hyodo F, Ito S, Eto H, Elhelaly AE, Murata M, Akahoshi T, Utsumi H, Matuso M. Free radical imaging of endogenous redox molecules using dynamic nuclear polarisation magnetic resonance imaging. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:343-351. [PMID: 33307891 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1859109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions accompanied by the oxidation-reduction of endogenous molecules play important roles in maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. In humans, numerous endogenous molecules that contribute towards maintaining physiological conditions form free radicals via electron transfer. A typical example of this is the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which is involved in energy production. If free radicals derived from endogenous molecules could be visualised and exploited as biological and functional probes, redox reactions mediated by endogenous molecules could be detected non-invasively. We succeeded in visualising the free radicals derived from endogenous molecules using an in vivo dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. In this review, we describe the visualisation of endogenous redox molecules, such as flavins and ubiquinones, which are mitochondrial electron carriers, as well as vitamin E and vitamin C (ascorbate). In addition, we describe the application of melanin free radicals for the in vivo visualisation of metabola without using probes via in vivo DNP-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hinako Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Akahoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Advanced Medical Medicine, Disaster and Emergency medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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13
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Uchida T, Togashi H, Kuroda Y, Yamashita A, Itoh N, Haga K, Sadahiro M, Kayama T. In vivo analysis of redox status in organs - from bench to bedside. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:961-968. [PMID: 32458704 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1772470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide play an important role in the maintenance of life. However, production of excessive ROS and/or deficiency of the antioxidant system lead to oxidative stress and cause a variety of diseases. In the present study, we used electron spin resonance (ESR) to detect ROS in vivo to clarify its roles in redox dynamics and organ damage. However, the limited permeability of microwaves and low anatomic resolution of ESR equipment made it difficult to apply clinically. Nitroxide is widely used as a sensitive redox sensor for in vivo ESR analysis. The unpaired electrons of nitroxide are known to cause the T1 relaxation time-shortening effect of water protons, creating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effects. The remarkable development of MRI has facilitated the spatiotemporal analysis of nitroxide, which was previously impossible. In a rat model, we have been able to image and analyze the process of nitroxide reduction using MRI. MRI using nitroxide as a contrast medium is considered to be clinically applicable for evaluation of organ redox, imaging of ROS (which cause organ damage), and evaluation of therapeutic effects. In this review, we describe current advances in the analysis of in vivo redox capacity in animals using ESR and MRI equipment. We consider that redox evaluation using MRI can contribute to advances in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Uchida
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Togashi
- Health Administration Center, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kuroda
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nanami Itoh
- Health Administration Center, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Haga
- Radiation Department, Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Sadahiro
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kayama
- Global Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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14
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Takeshita K, Okazaki H, Tsukamoto M, Okazaki S. Differences in pharmacokinetic behaviors of two lipophilic 3-substituted 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl radicals, in vivo probes to assess the redox status in the brain using magnetic resonance techniques. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:560-569. [PMID: 32905631 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pharmacokinetics of 3-methoxycarbonyl- and 3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl radicals (MCP and HMP, respectively), magnetic resonance probes to assess the brain redox status, were examined in healthy mouse brains. METHODS The time course of the concentration of the radical form of the probe in the brain was examined by signal enhancements on T1 -weighted MR image after an intravenous injection. The distribution of the total probe (sum of radical and reduced forms) was investigated using brain homogenates. RESULTS MCP distributed to the brain more than HMP. MCP exhibited biphasic decay with fast and slow components, whereas HMP exhibited monophasic decay with a similar rate constant to the slow component of MCP. Similar profiles were observed in various regions of the brain. The total probe for MCP exhibited monophasic decay at a similar rate constant to the slow component of the radical form; however, the initial content of the total probe was similar to its radical form. For HMP, decay of the total probe coincided with that of the radical form. CONCLUSION The decay of MCP needs to consider the reduction of the probe in and its elimination from the brain, while the decay of HMP may mainly result from its elimination from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takeshita
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hana Okazaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Okazaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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15
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Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Harvey P, Gallagher N, Mathieu C, Agius MP, Zavidij O, Wang W, Jiang Y, Rajca A, Jasanoff A, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Pro-organic radical contrast agents ("pro-ORCAs") for real-time MRI of pro-drug activation in biological systems. Polym Chem 2020; 11:4768-4779. [PMID: 33790990 PMCID: PMC8009311 DOI: 10.1039/d0py00558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxide-based organic-radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are promising as safe, next-generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools. Nevertheless, stimuli-responsive ORCAs that enable MRI monitoring of prodrug activation have not been reported; such systems could open new avenues for prodrug validation and image-guided drug delivery. Here, we introduce a novel "pro-ORCA" concept that addresses this challenge. By covalent conjugation of nitroxides and drug molecules (doxorubicin, DOX) to the same brush-arm star polymer (BASP) through chemically identical cleavable linkers, we demonstrate that pro-ORCA and prodrug activation, i.e., ORCA and DOX release, leads to significant changes in MRI contrast that correlate with cytotoxicity. This approach is shown to be general for a range of commonly used linker cleavage mechanisms (e.g., photolysis and hydrolysis) and release rates. Pro-ORCAs could find applications as research tools or clinically viable "reporter theranostics" for in vitro and in vivo MRI-correlated prodrug activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Centre Paul Strauss, 3 Rue de la Porte de l’Hopital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Nolan Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael P. Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Oksana Zavidij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Ide M, Sonoda N, Inoue T, Kimura S, Minami Y, Makimura H, Hayashida E, Hyodo F, Yamato M, Takayanagi R, Inoguchi T. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, improves cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and microglial activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228750. [PMID: 32032367 PMCID: PMC7006898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes is an important risk factor for dementia. However, the underlying pathological and molecular mechanisms, and effective treatment, have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, linagliptin, on diabetes-related cognitive impairment. METHOD Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were treated with linagliptin (3 mg/kg/24 h) for 17 weeks. The radial arm water maze test was performed, followed by evaluation of oxidative stress using DNP-MRI and the expression of NAD(P)H oxidase components and proinflammatory cytokines and of microglial activity. RESULTS Administration of linagliptin did not affect the plasma glucose and body weight of diabetic mice; however, it improved cognitive impairment. Additionally, linagliptin reduced oxidative stress and the mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase component and TNF-α, and the number and body area of microglia, all of which were significantly increased in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Linagliptin may have a beneficial effect on diabetes-related dementia by inhibiting oxidative stress and microglial activation, independently of glucose-lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ide
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sonoda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoaki Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Minami
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Makimura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hayashida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamato
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Takayanagi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Inoguchi
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Fukuoka City Health Promotion Support Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sato S, Sugawara K, Konno H, Ito T. Synthesis and Evaluation of β-Galactosidase-Targeting Spin-Label Probe: 5-O-β-D-Galactosyl-5-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline-2-oxyl. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Nakamura M, Yamasaki T, Ueno M, Shibata S, Ozawa Y, Kamada T, Nakanishi I, Yamada KI, Aoki I, Matsumoto KI. Radiation-induced redox alteration in the mouse brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:412-421. [PMID: 31446055 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Time courses of the redox status in the brains of mice after X-ray or carbon-ion beam irradiation were observed by magnetic resonance redox imaging (MRRI). The relationship between radiation-induced oxidative stress on the cerebral nervous system and the redox status in the brain was discussed. The mice were irradiated by 8-Gy X-ray or carbon-ion beam (C-beam) on their head under anesthesia. C-beam irradiation was performed at HIMAC (Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, NIRS/QST, Chiba, Japan). MRRI measurements using a blood-brain-barrier-permeable nitroxyl contrast agent, MCP or TEMPOL, were performed using 7-T scanner at several different times, i.e., 5-10 h, 1, 2, 4, and 8 day(s) after irradiation. Decay rates of the nitroxyl-enhanced T1-weighted MR signals in the brains were estimated from MRRI data sets, and variation in the decay rates after irradiation was assessed. The variation in decay rates of MCP and TEMPOL after X-ray or C-beam irradiation was similar, but different variation patterns were observed between X-ray and C-beam. The apparent decay rate of both MCP and TEMPOL decreased due to the temporal reduction of blood flow in the brain several hours after X-ray and/or C-beam irradiation. After decreasing, the apparent decay rates of nitroxyl radicals in the brain gradually increased during the following days after X-ray irradiation or rapidly increased 1 day after C-beam irradiation. The sequential increase in nitroxyl decay rates may have been due to the oxidative atmosphere in the tissue due to ROS generation. X-ray and C-beam irradiation resulted in different redox responses, which may have been due to time-varying oxidative stress/injury, in the mouse brain. The C-beam irradiation effects were more acute and larger than those of X-ray irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nakamura
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-88670, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shibata
- Preclinical Research and Development for Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ozawa
- Preclinical Research and Development for Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-88670, Japan; Research Center Hospital, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Preclinical Research and Development for Functional and Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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19
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"Redox Imaging" to Distinguish Cells with Different Proliferative Indexes: Superoxide, Hydroperoxides, and Their Ratio as Potential Biomarkers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6373685. [PMID: 31089411 PMCID: PMC6476105 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6373685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was directed to the development of EPR methodology for distinguishing cells with different proliferative activities, using “redox imaging.” Three nitroxide radicals were used as redox sensors: (a) mito-TEMPO—cell-penetrating and localized mainly in the mitochondria; (b) methoxy-TEMPO—cell-penetrating and randomly distributed between the cytoplasm and the intracellular organelles; and (c) carboxy-PROXYL—nonpenetrating in living cells and evenly distributed in the extracellular environment. The experiments were conducted on eleven cell lines with different proliferative activities and oxidative capacities, confirmed by conventional analytical tests. The data suggest that cancer cells and noncancer cells are characterized by a completely different redox status. This can be analyzed by EPR spectroscopy using mito-TEMPO and methoxy-TEMPO, but not carboxy-PROXYL. The correlation analysis shows that the EPR signal intensity of mito-TEMPO in cell suspensions is closely related to the superoxide level. The described methodology allows the detection of overproduction of superoxide in living cells and their identification based on the intracellular redox status. The experimental data provide evidences about the role of superoxide and hydroperoxides in cell proliferation and malignancy.
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Molecular Probes for Evaluation of Oxidative Stress by In Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging: State-of-the-Art and Limitations. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as a misbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defenses of the cell, appears as a critical factor either in the onset or in the etiology of many pathological conditions. Several methods of detection exist. However, they usually rely on ex vivo evaluation or reports on the status of living tissues only up to a few millimeters in depth, while a whole-body, real-time, non-invasive monitoring technique is required for early diagnosis or as an aid to therapy (to monitor the action of a drug). Methods based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in association with molecular probes based on aminoxyl radicals (nitroxides) or hydroxylamines especially, have emerged as very promising to meet these standards. The principles involve monitoring the rate of decrease or increase of the EPR signal in vivo after injection of the nitroxide or the hydroxylamine probe, respectively, in a pathological versus a control situation. There have been many successful applications in various rodent models. However, current limitations lie in both the field of the technical development of the spectrometers and the molecular probes. The scope of this review will mainly focus on the latter.
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21
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Nagura K, Takemoto Y, Yoshino F, Bogdanov A, Chumakova N, Vorobiev AK, Imai H, Matsuda T, Shimono S, Kato T, Komatsu N, Tamura R. Magnetic Mixed Micelles Composed of a Non-Ionic Surfactant and Nitroxide Radicals Containing a D-Glucosamine Unit: Preparation, Stability, and Biomedical Application. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E42. [PMID: 30669485 PMCID: PMC6359449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-free magnetic mixed micelles (mean diameter: < 20 nm) were prepared by mixing the biocompatible non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 and the non-toxic, hydrophobic pyrrolidine-N-oxyl radicals bearing a D-glucosamine unit in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The time-course stability and in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast ability of the mixed micelles was found to depend on the length of the alkyl chain in the nitroxide radicals. It was also confirmed that the mixed micelles exhibited no toxicity in vivo and in vitro and high stability in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid. The in vivo MRI experiment revealed that one of these mixed micelles showed much higher contrast enhancement in the proton longitudinal relaxation time (T₁) weighted images than other magnetic mixed micelles that we have reported previously. Thus, the magnetic mixed micelles presented here are expected to serve as a promising contrast agent for theranostic nanomedicines, such as MRI-visible targeted drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nagura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yusa Takemoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Fumi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia Chumakova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey Kh Vorobiev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Shimono
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Rui Tamura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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22
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Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Gallagher NM, Zhang H, Harvey P, Yan C, Mathieu C, Golder MR, Jiang Y, Ottaviani MF, Jasanoff A, Rajca A, Ghobrial I, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Triply Loaded Nitroxide Brush-Arm Star Polymers Enable Metal-Free Millimetric Tumor Detection by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11343-11354. [PMID: 30387988 PMCID: PMC6320246 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxides occupy a privileged position among plausible metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) due to their inherently low-toxicity profiles; nevertheless, their translational development has been hindered by a lack of appropriate contrast sensitivity. Nanostructured materials with high nitroxide densities, where each individual nitroxide within a macromolecular construct contributes to the image contrast, could address this limitation, but the synthesis of such materials remains challenging. Here, we report a modular and scalable synthetic approach to nitroxide-based brush-arm star polymer (BASP) organic radical CAs (ORCAs) with high nitroxide loadings. The optimized ∼30 nm diameter "BASP-ORCA3" displays outstanding T2 sensitivity with a very high molecular transverse relaxivity ( r2 > 1000 mM-1 s-1). BASP-ORCA3 further exhibits excellent stability in vivo, no acute toxicity, and highly desirable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles for longitudinal detection of tumors by MRI. When injected intravenously into mice bearing subcutaneous plasmacytomas, BASP-ORCA3 affords distinct in vivo visualization of tumors on translationally relevant time scales. Leveraging its high sensitivity, BASP-ORCA3 enables efficient mapping of tumor necrosis, which is an important biomarker to predict therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, BASP-ORCA3 allows for detection of millimetric tumor implants in a disseminated murine model of advanced-stage human ovarian cancer that possess genetic, histological, and vascular characteristics that are similar to those seen in patients. This work establishes BASP-ORCA3 as a promising metal-free spin contrast agent for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Changcun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Matthew R. Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Irene Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Berkowitz BA. Oxidative stress measured in vivo without an exogenous contrast agent using QUEST MRI. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 291:94-100. [PMID: 29705036 PMCID: PMC5963509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Decades of experimental studies have implicated excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the decline of tissue function during normal aging, and as a pathogenic factor in a vast array of fatal or debilitating morbidities. This massive body of work has important clinical implications since many antioxidants are FDA approved, readily cross blood-tissue barriers, and are effective at improving disease outcomes. Yet, the potential benefits of antioxidants have remained largely unrealized in patients because conventional methods cannot determine the dose, timing, and drug combinations to be used in clinical trials to localize and decrease oxidative stress. To address this major problem and improve translational success, new methods are urgently needed that non-invasively measure the same ROS biomarker both in animal models and patients with high spatial resolution. Here, we summarize a transformative solution based on a novel method: QUEnch-assiSTed MRI (QUEST MRI). The QUEST MRI index is a significant antioxidant-induced improvement in pathophysiology, or a reduction in 1/T1 (i.e., R1). The latter form of QUEST MRI provides a unique measure of uncontrolled production of endogenous, paramagnetic reactive oxygen species (ROS). QUEST MRI results to-date have been validated by gold standard oxidative stress assays. QUEST MRI has high translational potential because it does not use an exogenous contrast agent and requires only standard MRI equipment. Summarizing, QUEST MRI is a powerful non-invasive approach with unprecedented potential for (i) bridging antioxidant treatment in animal models and patients, (ii) identifying tissue subregions exhibiting oxidative stress, and (iii) coupling oxidative stress localization with behavioral dysfunction, disease pathology, and genetic vulnerabilities to serve as a marker of susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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24
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David Jebaraj D, Utsumi H, Milton Franklin Benial A. Low-frequency ESR studies on permeable and impermeable deuterated nitroxyl radicals in corn oil solution. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:257-264. [PMID: 29205482 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-frequency electron spin resonance studies were performed for 2 mM concentration of deuterated permeable and impermeable nitroxyl spin probes, 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl and 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5,-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy in pure water and various concentrations of corn oil solution. The electron spin resonance parameters such as the line width, hyperfine coupling constant, g factor, rotational correlation time, permeability, and partition parameter were estimated. The broadening of line width was observed for nitroxyl radicals in corn oil mixture. The rotational correlation time increases with increasing concentration of corn oil, which indicates the less mobile nature of spin probe in corn oil mixture. The membrane permeability and partition parameter values were estimated as a function of corn oil concentration, which reveals that the nitroxyl radicals permeate equally into the aqueous phase and oil phase at the corn oil concentration of 50%. The electron spin resonance spectra demonstrate the permeable and impermeable nature of nitroxyl spin probes. From these results, the corn oil concentration was optimized as 50% for phantom studies. In this work, the corn oil and pure water mixture phantom models with various viscosities correspond to plasma membrane, and whole blood membrane with different hematocrit levels was studied for monitoring the biological characteristics and their interactions with permeable nitroxyl spin probe. These results will be useful for the development of electron spin resonance and Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging modalities in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D David Jebaraj
- Department of Physics, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 002, India
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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25
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Sato-Akaba H, Emoto MC, Hirata H, Fujii HG. Design and testing of a 750MHz CW-EPR digital console for small animal imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 284:48-58. [PMID: 28961477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a digital console for three-dimensional (3D) continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) imaging of a small animal to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and lower the cost of the EPR imaging system. A RF generation board, an RF acquisition board and a digital signal processing (DSP) & control board were built for the digital EPR detection. Direct sampling of the reflected RF signal from a resonator (approximately 750MHz), which contains the EPR signal, was carried out using a band-pass subsampling method. A direct automatic control system to reduce the reflection from the resonator was proposed and implemented in the digital EPR detection scheme. All DSP tasks were carried out in field programmable gate array ICs. In vivo 3D imaging of nitroxyl radicals in a mouse's head was successfully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Sato-Akaba
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Miho C Emoto
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
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26
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Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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27
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Takeshita K, Okazaki S, Shinada K, Shibamoto Y. Application of a Compact Magnetic Resonance Imaging System with 1.5 T Permanent Magnets to Visualize Release from and the Disintegration of Capsule Formulations in Vitro and in Vivo. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1268-1274. [PMID: 28769009 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has potential in assessments of formulations, few studies have been conducted because of the size and expense of the instrument. In the present study, the processes of in vitro and in vivo release in a gelatin capsule formulation model were visualized using a compact MRI system with 1.5 T permanent magnets, which is more convenient than the superconducting MRI systems typically used for clinical and experimental purposes. A Gd-chelate of diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N″,N″-pentaacetic acid, a contrast agent that markedly enhances proton signals via close contact with water, was incorporated into capsule formulations as a marker compound. In vitro experiments could clearly demonstrate the preparation-dependent differences in the release/disintegration of the formulations. In some preparations, the penetration of water into the formulation and generation of bubbles in the capsule were also observed prior to the disintegration of the formulation. When capsule formulations were orally administered to rats, the release of the marker into the stomach and its transit to the duodenum were visualized. These results strongly indicate that the compact MRI system is a powerful tool for pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takeshita
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University
| | - Shoko Okazaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
| | - Kyosuke Shinada
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
| | - Yuma Shibamoto
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
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28
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David Jebaraj D, Utsumi H, Milton Franklin Benial A. Electron spin resonance studies on deuterated nitroxyl spin probes used in Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:700-705. [PMID: 28052402 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The electron spin resonance studies were carried out for 2 mm concentration of 14 N-labeled and 15 N-labeled 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl, 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl, 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl and their deuterated nitroxyl radicals using X-band electron spin resonance spectrometer. The electron spin resonance line shape analysis was carried out. The electron spin resonance parameters such as linewidth, Lorentzian component, signal intensity ratio, rotational correlation time, hyperfine coupling constant and g-factor were estimated. The deuterated nitroxyl radicals have narrow linewidth and an increase in Lorentzian component, compared with undeuterated nitroxyl radicals. The dynamic nuclear polarization factor was observed for all nitroxyl radicals. Upon 2 H labeling, about 70% and 40% increase in dynamic nuclear polarization factor were observed for 14 N-labeled and 15 N-labeled nitroxyl radicals, respectively. The signal intensity ratio and g-value indicate the isotropic nature of the nitroxyl radicals in pure water. Therefore, the deuterated nitroxyl radicals are suitable spin probes for in vivo/in vitro electron spin resonance and Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging modalities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- D David Jebaraj
- Department of Physics, The American College, Madurai, 625 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812 8582, Japan
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29
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Nguyen HVT, Chen Q, Paletta JT, Harvey P, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Boska MD, Ottaviani MF, Jasanoff A, Rajca A, Johnson JA. Nitroxide-Based Macromolecular Contrast Agents with Unprecedented Transverse Relaxivity and Stability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:800-811. [PMID: 28776023 PMCID: PMC5532724 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents could overcome the established toxicity associated with metal-based agents in some patient populations and enable new modes of functional MRI in vivo. Herein, we report nitroxide-functionalized brush-arm star polymer organic radical contrast agents (BASP-ORCAs) that overcome the low contrast and poor in vivo stability associated with nitroxide-based MRI contrast agents. As a consequence of their unique nanoarchitectures, BASP-ORCAs possess per-nitroxide transverse relaxivities up to ∼44-fold greater than common nitroxides, exceptional stability in highly reducing environments, and low toxicity. These features combine to provide for accumulation of a sufficient concentration of BASP-ORCA in murine subcutaneous tumors up to 20 h following systemic administration such that MRI contrast on par with metal-based agents is observed. BASP-ORCAs are, to our knowledge, the first nitroxide MRI contrast agents capable of tumor imaging over long time periods using clinical high-field 1H MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph T. Paletta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Peter Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Michael D. Boska
- Department
of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical
Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United
States
| | | | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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30
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Stamenković S, Pavićević A, Mojović M, Popović-Bijelić A, Selaković V, Andjus P, Bačić G. In vivo EPR pharmacokinetic evaluation of the redox status and the blood brain barrier permeability in the SOD1 G93A ALS rat model. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:258-269. [PMID: 28366802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor pathways of the central nervous system. Although a number of pathophysiological mechanisms have been described in the disease, post mortem and animal model studies indicate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and elevated production of reactive oxygen species as major contributors to disease pathology. In this study, the BBB permeability and the brain tissue redox status of the SOD1G93A ALS rat model in the presymptomatic (preALS) and symptomatic (ALS) stages of the disease were investigated by in vivo EPR spectroscopy using three aminoxyl radicals with different cell membrane and BBB permeabilities, Tempol, 3-carbamoyl proxyl (3CP), and 3-carboxy proxyl (3CxP). Additionally, the redox status of the two brain regions previously implicated in disease pathology, brainstem and hippocampus, was investigated by spectrophotometric biochemical assays. The EPR results indicated that among the three spin probes, 3CP is the most suitable for reporting the intracellular redox status changes, as Tempol was reduced in vivo within minutes (t1/2 =2.0±0.5min), thus preventing reliable kinetic modeling, whereas 3CxP reduction kinetics gave divergent conclusions, most probably due to its membrane impermeability. It was observed that the reduction kinetics of 3CP in vivo, in the head of preALS and ALS SOD1G93A rats was altered compared to the controls. Pharmacokinetic modeling of 3CP reduction in vivo, revealed elevated tissue distribution and tissue reduction rate constants indicating an altered brain tissue redox status, and possibly BBB disruption in these animals. The preALS and ALS brain tissue homogenates also showed increased nitrilation, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation and manganese superoxide dismutase activity, and a decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity. The present study highlights in vivo EPR spectroscopy as a reliable tool for the investigation of changes in BBB permeability and for the unprecedented in vivo monitoring of the brain tissue redox status, as early markers of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stamenković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 3, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Pavićević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Selaković
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 3, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran Bačić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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31
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Berkowitz BA, Lenning J, Khetarpal N, Tran C, Wu JY, Berri AM, Dernay K, Haacke EM, Shafie-Khorassani F, Podolsky RH, Gant JC, Maimaiti S, Thibault O, Murphy GG, Bennett BM, Roberts R. In vivo imaging of prodromal hippocampus CA1 subfield oxidative stress in models of Alzheimer disease and Angelman syndrome. FASEB J 2017; 31:4179-4186. [PMID: 28592637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700229r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus oxidative stress is considered pathogenic in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), and in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Angelman syndrome (AS). Yet clinical benefits of antioxidant treatment for these diseases remain unclear because conventional imaging methods are unable to guide management of therapies in specific hippocampus subfields in vivo that underlie abnormal behavior. Excessive production of paramagnetic free radicals in nonhippocampus brain tissue can be measured in vivo as a greater-than-normal 1/T1 that is quenchable with antioxidant as measured by quench-assisted (Quest) MRI. Here, we further test this approach in phantoms, and we present proof-of-concept data in models of AD-like and AS hippocampus oxidative stress that also exhibit impaired spatial learning and memory. AD-like models showed an abnormal gradient along the CA1 dorsal-ventral axis of excessive free radical production as measured by Quest MRI, and redox-sensitive calcium dysregulation as measured by manganese-enhanced MRI and electrophysiology. In the AS model, abnormally high free radical levels were observed in dorsal and ventral CA1. Quest MRI is a promising in vivo paradigm for bridging brain subfield oxidative stress and behavior in animal models and in human patients to better manage antioxidant therapy in devastating neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.-Berkowitz, B. A., Lenning, J., Khetarpal, N., Tran, C., Wu, J. Y., Berri, A. M., Dernay, K., Haacke, E. M., Shafie-Khorassani, F., Podolsky, R. H., Gant, J. C., Maimaiti, S., Thibault, O., Murphy, G. G., Bennett, B. M., Roberts, R. In vivo imaging of prodromal hippocampus CA1 subfield oxidative stress in models of Alzheimer disease and Angelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; .,Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacob Lenning
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nikita Khetarpal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Catherine Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Johnny Y Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali M Berri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristin Dernay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fatema Shafie-Khorassani
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John C Gant
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shaniya Maimaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Molecular Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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32
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Hyodo F, Ito S, Eto H, Nakaji T, Yasukawa K, Kobayashi R, Utsumi H. Development of Redox Metabolic Imaging Using Endogenous Molecules. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 136:1107-14. [PMID: 27477725 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox metabolism plays a central role in maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. The electron transfer system in mitochondria produces ATP via endogenous redox molecules such as flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which have flavin or quinone moieties. One-electron transfer reactions convert FMN, FAD, and CoQ10 to the free radical intermediates FMNH and FADH, and CoQ10H, respectively. Dynamic nuclear polarization-magnetic resonance imaging (DNP-MRI) allows us to visualize free radicals in vitro and in vivo. We present a spectroscopic imaging technology with DNP-MRI, which enables the imaging of multiple free radical intermediates such as FADH and CoQH. DNP-MRI can also identify various endogenous free radical intermediates derived from redox transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Hyodo
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University
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33
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Gallez B. Contribution of Harold M. Swartz to In Vivo EPR and EPR Dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:16-37. [PMID: 27421469 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, we are celebrating half a century of research in the application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) as a biodosimetry tool to evaluate the dose received by irradiated people. During the EPR Biodose 2015 meeting, a special session was organized to acknowledge the pioneering contribution of Harold M. (Hal) Swartz in the field. The article summarizes his main contribution in physiology and medicine. Four emerging themes have been pursued continuously along his career since its beginning: (1) radiation biology; (2) oxygen and oxidation; (3) measuring physiology in vivo; and (4) application of these measurements in clinical medicine. The common feature among all these different subjects has been the use of magnetic resonance techniques, especially EPR. In this article, you will find an impressionist portrait of Hal Swartz with the description of the 'making of' this pioneer, a time-line perspective on his career with the creation of three National Institutes of Health-funded EPR centers, a topic-oriented perspective on his career with a description of his major contributions to Science, his role as a mentor and his influence on his academic children, his active role as founder of scientific societies and organizer of scientific meetings, and the well-deserved international recognition received so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gallez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Avenue Mounier 73.08, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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34
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Emoto MC, Sato S, Fujii HG. Development of nitroxide-based theranostic compounds that act both as anti-inflammatory drugs and brain redox imaging probes in MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:705-711. [PMID: 26990690 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic probes provide both therapeutic and diagnostic imaging capabilities in one molecule and show significant promise for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. The present study describes for the first time the synthesis and utility of nitroxide-based contrast agents exhibiting a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug effect. The target theranostic probes were prepared by connecting the carboxyl group of ibuprofen or ketoprofen to the hydroxyl group of 3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylprrolidine-1-oxyl by a condensation reaction in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine in dichloromethane. MRI of mouse heads after administration of either synthesized theranostic probe indicated that the probes enter the brain by passing through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in T1 contrast enhancement in mouse brain. This enhancement persisted for the duration of the half-life of about 40 min, which is longer than that obtained by most of pyrrolidine nitroxide molecules. The therapeutic capacities of these theranostic probes were examined using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation model. The production of nitric oxide, an inflammation marker in septic mouse brain induced by LPS, was remarkably inhibited by the addition of either synthesized probe, indicating that they also act as anti-inflammatory drugs. The present results indicate that nitroxide-based theranostic probes act as both BBB-permeable redox-sensitive contrast agents and as an anti-inflammatory drug in septic mouse brain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho C Emoto
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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35
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Maulucci G, Bačić G, Bridal L, Schmidt HH, Tavitian B, Viel T, Utsumi H, Yalçın AS, De Spirito M. Imaging Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Modifications in Living Systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:939-58. [PMID: 27139586 PMCID: PMC4900226 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) may regulate signaling, ion channels, transcription factors, and biosynthetic processes. ROS-related diseases can be due to either a shortage or an excess of ROS. RECENT ADVANCES Since the biological activity of ROS depends on not only concentration but also spatiotemporal distribution, real-time imaging of ROS, possibly in vivo, has become a need for scientists, with potential for clinical translation. New imaging techniques as well as new contrast agents in clinically established modalities were developed in the previous decade. CRITICAL ISSUES An ideal imaging technique should determine ROS changes with high spatio-temporal resolution, detect physiologically relevant variations in ROS concentration, and provide specificity toward different redox couples. Furthermore, for in vivo applications, bioavailability of sensors, tissue penetration, and a high signal-to-noise ratio are additional requirements to be satisfied. FUTURE DIRECTIONS None of the presented techniques fulfill all requirements for clinical translation. The obvious way forward is to incorporate anatomical and functional imaging into a common hybrid-imaging platform. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 939-958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maulucci
- 1 Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Roma, Italy
| | - Goran Bačić
- 2 Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lori Bridal
- 3 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités and UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS and INSERM , Paris, France
| | - Harald Hhw Schmidt
- 4 Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, CARIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Science, Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- 5 Laboratoire de Recherche en Imagerie, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Viel
- 5 Laboratoire de Recherche en Imagerie, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- 6 Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Süha Yalçın
- 7 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University , İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Marco De Spirito
- 1 Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Roma, Italy
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36
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Bačić G, Pavićević A, Peyrot F. In vivo evaluation of different alterations of redox status by studying pharmacokinetics of nitroxides using magnetic resonance techniques. Redox Biol 2015; 8:226-42. [PMID: 26827126 PMCID: PMC4753396 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in various pathologies, injuries related to radiation, ischemia-reperfusion or ageing. Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to directly detect free radicals in vivo, but the redox status of the whole organism or particular organ can be studied in vivo by using magnetic resonance techniques (EPR and MRI) and paramagnetic stable free radicals - nitroxides. Here we review results obtained in vivo following the pharmacokinetics of nitroxides on experimental animals (and a few in humans) under various conditions. The focus was on conditions where the redox status has been altered by induced diseases or harmful agents, clearly demonstrating that various EPR/MRI/nitroxide combinations can reliably detect metabolically induced changes in the redox status of organs. These findings can improve our understanding of oxidative stress and provide a basis for studying the effectiveness of interventions aimed to modulate oxidative stress. Also, we anticipate that the in vivo EPR/MRI approach in studying the redox status can play a vital role in the clinical management of various pathologies in the years to come providing the development of adequate equipment and probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bačić
- EPR Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Pavićević
- EPR Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fabienne Peyrot
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; ESPE of Paris, Paris Sorbonne Université, 75016 Paris, France
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37
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Matsumoto KI, Yamasaki T, Nakamura M, Ishikawa J, Ueno M, Nakanishi I, Sekita A, Ozawa Y, Kamada T, Aoki I, Yamada KI. Brain contrasting ability of blood-brain-barrier-permeable nitroxyl contrast agents for magnetic resonance redox imaging. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:935-45. [PMID: 26414669 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The detailed in vivo T1 -weighted contrasting abilities of nitroxyl contrast agents, which have been used as redox responsive contrast agents in several magnetic resonance-based imaging modalities, in mouse brain were investigated. METHODS Distribution and pharmacokinetics of five types of five-membered-ring nitroxyl radical compound were compared using T1 -weighted MRI. RESULTS The blood-brain barrier (BBB) -impermeable 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl (CxP) could not be distributed in the brain. The slightly lipophilic 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl (CmP) showed slight distribution only in the ventricle, but not in the medulla and cortex. The amphiphilic 3-methoxy-carbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-N-oxyl (MCP) had good initial uniform distribution in the brain and showed typical 2-phase signal decay profiles. A brain-seeking nitroxyl probe, acetoxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-N-oxyl-3-carboxylate (CxP-AM), showed an accumulating phase, and then its accumulation was maintained in the medulla and ventricle regions, but not in the cortex. The lipophilic 4-(N-methyl piperidine)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-N-oxyl (23c) was well distributed in the cortex and medulla, but slightly in the ventricle, and showed relatively rapid linear signal decay. CONCLUSION Nitroxyl contrast agents equipped with a suitable lipophilic substitution group could be BBB-permeable functional contrast agents. MR redox imaging, which can estimate not only the redox characteristics but also the detailed distribution of the contrast agents, is a good candidate for a theranostic tool. Magn Reson Med 76:935-945, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Nakamura
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junji Ishikawa
- Translational Research Group, Health Science Research Center, FANCL Research Institute, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Ueno
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aiko Sekita
- Multimodal Molecular Imaging Team, Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ozawa
- Multimodal Molecular Imaging Team, Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Research Center Hospital, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Multimodal Molecular Imaging Team, Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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38
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Matsumoto KI. [Radiation therapy and redox imaging]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:719-24. [PMID: 25948308 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy kills cancer cells in part by flood of free radicals. Radiation ionizes and/or excites water molecules to create highly reactive species, i.e. free radicals and/or reactive oxygen species. Free radical chain reactions oxidize biologically important molecules and thereby disrupt their function. Tissue oxygen and/or redox status, which can influence the course of the free radical chain reaction, can affect the efficacy of radiation therapy. Prior observation of tissue oxygen and/or redox status is helpful for planning a safe and efficient course of radiation therapy. Magnetic resonance-based redox imaging techniques, which can estimate tissue redox status non-invasively, have been developed not only for diagnostic information but also for estimating the efficacy of treatment. Redox imaging is now spotlighted to achieve radiation theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Matsumoto
- Radio-Redox-Response Research Team, Advanced Particle Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
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39
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Chen C, Kang N, Xu T, Wang D, Ren L, Guo X. Core-shell hybrid upconversion nanoparticles carrying stable nitroxide radicals as potential multifunctional nanoprobes for upconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5249-5261. [PMID: 25716884 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxide radicals, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives, have recently been used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). However, their rapid one-electron bioreduction to diamagnetic N-hydroxy species when administered intravenously has limited their use in in vivo applications. In this article, a new approach of silica coating for carrying stable radicals was proposed. A 4-carboxyl-TEMPO nitroxide radical was covalently linked with 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane to produce a silanizing TEMPO radical. Utilizing a facile reaction based on the copolymerization of silanizing TEMPO radicals with tetraethyl orthosilicate in reverse microemulsion, a TEMPO radicals doped SiO2 nanostructure was synthesized and coated on the surface of NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to generate a novel multifunctional nanoprobe, PEGylated UCNP@TEMPO@SiO2 for upconversion luminescence (UCL) and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging. The electron spin resonance (ESR) signals generated by the TEMPO@SiO2 show an enhanced reduction resistance property for a period of time of up to 1 h, even in the presence of 5 mM ascorbic acid. The longitudinal relaxivity of PEGylated UCNPs@TEMPO@SiO2 nanocomposites is about 10 times stronger than that for free TEMPO radicals. The core-shell NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 UCNPs synthesized by this modified user-friendly one-pot solvothermal strategy show a significant enhancement of UCL emission of up to 60 times more than the core NaYF4:Yb,Er. Furthermore, the PEGylated UCNP@TEMPO@SiO2 nanocomposites were further used as multifunctional nanoprobes to explore their performance in the UCL imaging of living cells and T1-weighted MRI in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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40
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Huang L, Yan C, Cui D, Yan Y, Liu X, Lu X, Tan X, Lu X, Xu J, Xu Y, Liu R. Organic Radical Contrast Agents Based on Polyacetylenes Containing 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-Oxyl (TEMPO): Targeted Magnetic Resonance (MR)/Optical Bimodal Imaging of Folate Receptor Expressing HeLa Tumors in Vitro and in Vivoa. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:788-98. [PMID: 25677802 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
- Department of Radiology; Guangdong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital; Guangzhou 510120 China
| | - Chenggong Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Danting Cui
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yichen Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xiangliang Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
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41
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Soikkeli M, Sievänen K, Peltonen J, Kaasalainen T, Timonen M, Heinonen P, Rönkkö S, Lehto VP, Kavakka JS, Heikkinen S. Synthesis and in vitro phantom NMR and MRI studies of fully organic free radicals, TEEPO-glucose and TEMPO-glucose, potential contrast agents for MRI. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two organic radical contrast agents, TEMPO-Glc and TEEPO-Glc, were synthesized and their stabilities and contrast enhancing properties were tested with in vitro NMR and MRI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Soikkeli
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - K. Sievänen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - J. Peltonen
- HUS Helsinki Medical Imaging Center
- Helsinki
- Finland
| | | | - M. Timonen
- HUS Helsinki Medical Imaging Center
- Helsinki
- Finland
| | - P. Heinonen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - S. Rönkkö
- Department of Applied Physics
- University of Eastern Finland
- FIN-70211 Kuopio
- Finland
| | - V.-P. Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics
- University of Eastern Finland
- FIN-70211 Kuopio
- Finland
| | - J. S. Kavakka
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - S. Heikkinen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
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42
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Karamalakova Y, Chuttani K, Sharma R, Zheleva A, Gadjeva V, Mishra A. Biological evaluation of new potential anticancer agent for tumour imaging and radiotherapy by two methods: 99mTc-radiolabelling and EPR spectroscopy. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:1172-1180. [PMID: 26019604 PMCID: PMC4434051 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.978666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new class of in vitro and ex vivo radiotracers/radioprotectors, the nitroxyl-labelled agent 1-ethyl-1-nitroso-3-[4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)]-urea (SLENU), has been discovered. Our previous investigations demonstrated that SLENU is a low-molecular-weight stable free radical which is freely membrane permeable, easily crosses the blood brain barrier and exhibited in/ex vivo the lowest general toxicity and higher anticancer activity against some experimental tumour models. Further investigation was aimed to develop a 99mTc-labelled SLENU (97%) as a chelator and evaluate its labelling efficiency and potential use as a tumour seeking agent and for early diagnosis. Tissue biodistribution of 99mTc-SLENU was determined in normal mice at 1, 2 and 24 h (n = 4/time interval, route of administration i.v.). The distribution data were compared using male albino non-inbred mice and electron paramagnetic resonance investigation. The imaging characteristics of 99mTc-SLENU conjugate examined in BALB/c mice grafted with Ehrlich Ascitis tumour in the thigh of hind leg demonstrated major accumulation of the radiotracer in the organs and tumour. Planar images and auto-radiograms confirmed that the tumours could be visualized clearly with 99mTc-SLENU. Blood kinetic study of radio-conjugate showed a bi-exponential pattern, as well as quick reduced duration in the blood circulation. This study establishes nitroxyls as a general class of new spin-labelled diagnostic markers that reduce the negative lateral effects of radiotherapy and drug damages, and are appropriate for tumour-localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Street, 6000Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi110054, India
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi110054, India
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi110054, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi110054, India
| | - Antoaneta Zheleva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Street, 6000Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Veselina Gadjeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Street, 6000Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Anil Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi110054, India
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Danhier P, Gallez B. Electron paramagnetic resonance: a powerful tool to support magnetic resonance imaging research. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:266-81. [PMID: 25362845 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the areas where electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has provided unique information to MRI developments. The field of application mainly encompasses the EPR characterization of MRI paramagnetic contrast agents (gadolinium and manganese chelates, nitroxides) and superparamagnetic agents (iron oxide particles). The combined use of MRI and EPR has also been used to qualify or disqualify sources of contrast in MRI. Illustrative examples are presented with attempts to qualify oxygen sensitive contrast (i.e. T1 - and T2 *-based methods), redox status or melanin content in tissues. Other areas are likely to benefit from the combined EPR/MRI approach, namely cell tracking studies. Finally, the combination of EPR and MRI studies on the same models provides invaluable data regarding tissue oxygenation, hemodynamics and energetics. Our description will be illustrative rather than exhaustive to give to the readers a flavour of 'what EPR can do for MRI'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Emoto MC, Sato-Akaba H, Hirata H, Fujii HG. Dynamic changes in the distribution and time course of blood-brain barrier-permeative nitroxides in the mouse head with EPR imaging: visualization of blood flow in a mouse model of ischemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:222-8. [PMID: 25014567 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging using nitroxides as redox-sensitive probes is a powerful, noninvasive method that can be used under various physiological conditions to visualize changes in redox status that result from oxidative damage. Two blood-brain barrier-permeative nitroxides, 3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (HMP) and 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-yloxy (MCP), have been widely used as redox-sensitive probes in the brains of small animals, but their in vivo distribution and properties have not yet been analyzed in detail. In this study, a custom-made continuous-wave three-dimensional (3D) EPR imager was used to obtain 3D EPR images of mouse heads using MCP or HMP. This EPR imager made it possible to take 3D EPR images reconstructed from data from 181 projections acquired every 60s. Using this improved EPR imager and magnetic resonance imaging, the distribution and reduction time courses of HMP and MCP were examined in mouse heads. EPR images of living mice revealed that HMP and MCP have different distributions and different time courses for entering the brain. Based on the pharmacokinetics of the reduction reactions of HMP and MCP in the mouse head, the half-lives of HMP and MCP were clearly and accurately mapped pixel by pixel. An ischemic mouse model was prepared, and the half-life of MCP was mapped in the mouse head. Compared to the half-life in control mice, the half-life of MCP in the ischemic model mouse brain was significantly increased, suggesting a shift in the redox balance. This in vivo EPR imaging method using BBB-permeative MCP is a useful noninvasive method for assessing changes in the redox status in mouse brains under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho C Emoto
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Sato-Akaba
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hirotada G Fujii
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan.
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Wang X, Emoto M, Sugimoto A, Miyake Y, Itto K, Amasaka M, Xu S, Hirata H, Fujii H, Arimoto H. Synthesis of 15N-labeled 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidine nitroxide for EPR brain imaging. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhelev Z, Bakalova R, Aoki I, Lazarova D, Saga T. Imaging of superoxide generation in the dopaminergic area of the brain in Parkinson's disease, using mito-TEMPO. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1439-45. [PMID: 24024751 PMCID: PMC3837371 DOI: 10.1021/cn400159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new methodology for direct visualization of superoxide production in the dopaminergic area of the brain in Parkinson's disease, based on the redox cycle of mito-TEMPO, a blood-brain barrier-, cell-, and mitochondria-penetrating nitroxide derivative with superoxide scavenging properties and T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. The experiments were conducted on healthy and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. In healthy mice, the nitroxide-enhanced MRI signal was weak and short-lived (half-life ∼ 40 s; duration ∼ 80 s). The profile of the histograms indicated a high reducing activity of normal brain tissues against mito-TEMPO. In MPTP-treated mice, the nitroxide-enhanced MRI signal was strong and long-lived (half-life > 20 min; duration > 20 min), especially in the dopaminergic area of the brain. The histograms indicated a high oxidative activity in dopaminergic tissues of MPTP-treated mice. The results show directly, on intact mammals, that superoxide is a major inducer and/or mediator of neurodegenerative damage in Parkinson's disease. The high oxidative status of brain tissue in Parkinson's disease was also confirmed on isolated tissue specimens, using total reducing capacity assay and ROS/RNS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhivko Zhelev
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biophysics
and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, 23 Avad.
G. Bonchev Str., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Bakalova
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University, 1 Koziak Str., Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | | | - Tsuneo Saga
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Abstract
Biomedical imaging techniques can provide a vast amount of anatomical information, enabling diagnosis and the monitoring of disease and treatment profile. MRI uniquely offers convenient, non-invasive, high resolution tomographic imaging. A considerable amount of effort has been invested, across several decades, in the design of non toxic paramagnetic contrast agents capable of enhancing positive MRI signal contrast. Recently, focus has shifted towards the development of agents capable of specifically reporting on their local biochemical environment, where a switch in image contrast is triggered by a specific stimulus/biochemical variable. Such an ability would not only strengthen diagnosis but also provide unique disease-specific biochemical insight. This feature article focuses on recent progress in the development of MRI contrast switching with molecular, macromolecular and nanoparticle-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma-Louise Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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Ishihara Y, Itoh K, Mitsuda Y, Shimada T, Kubota T, Kato C, Song SY, Kobayashi Y, Mori-Yasumoto K, Sekita S, Kirino Y, Yamazaki T, Shimamoto N. Involvement of brain oxidation in the cognitive impairment in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Noninvasive measurement of the brain redox state by magnetic resonance imaging. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:731-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.818218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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49
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Novel ascorbic acid-resistive nitroxide in a lipid emulsion: An efficient brain imaging contrast agent for MRI of small rodents. Neurosci Lett 2013; 546:11-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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50
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Bakalova R, Zhelev Z, Aoki I, Saga T. Tissue redox activity as a hallmark of carcinogenesis: from early to terminal stages of cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2503-17. [PMID: 23532887 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to clarify the dynamics of tissue redox activity (TRA) in cancer progression and assess the importance of this parameter for therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The experiments were carried out on brain tissues of neuroblastoma-bearing, glioma-bearing, and healthy mice. TRA was visualized in vivo by nitroxide-enhanced MRI on anesthetized animals or in vitro by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy on isolated tissue specimens. Two biochemical parameters were analyzed in parallel: tissue total antioxidant capacity (TTAC) and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). RESULTS In the early stage of cancer, the brain tissues were characterized by a shorter-lived MRI signal than that from healthy brains (indicating a higher reducing activity for the nitroxide radical), which was accompanied by an enhancement of TTAC and MMP9 plasma levels. In the terminal stage of cancer, tissues in both hemispheres were characterized by a longer-lived MRI signal than in healthy brains (indicating a high-oxidative activity) that was accompanied by a decrease in TTAC and an increase in the MMP2/MMP9 plasma levels. Cancer progression also affected the redox potential of tissues distant from the primary tumor locus (liver and lung). Their oxidative status increased in both stages of cancer. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that tissue redox balance is very sensitive to the progression of cancer and can be used as a diagnostic marker of carcinogenesis. The study also suggests that the noncancerous tissues of a cancer-bearing organism are susceptible to oxidative damage and should be considered a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Bakalova
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.
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