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Mitochondrial calcium buffering depends upon temperature and is associated with hypothermic neuroprotection against hypoxia-ischemia injury. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273677. [PMID: 36044480 PMCID: PMC9432759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia (HT) is a standard of care in the management of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI). However, therapeutic mechanisms of HT are not well understood. We found that at the temperature of 32°C, isolated brain mitochondria exhibited significantly greater resistance to an opening of calcium-induced permeability transition pore (mPTP), compared to 37°C. Mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity (mCBC) was linearly and inversely dependent upon temperature (25°C—37°C). Importantly, at 37°C cyclosporine A did not increase mCBC, but significantly increased mCBC at lower temperature. Because mPTP contributes to reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that HT protects brain by improvement of mitochondrial tolerance to mPTP activation. Immediately after HI-insult, isolated brain mitochondria demonstrated very poor mCBC. At 30 minutes of reperfusion, in mice recovered under normothermia (NT) or HT, mCBC significantly improved. However, at four hours of reperfusion, only NT mice exhibited secondary decline of mCBC. HT-mice maintained their recovered mCBC and this was associated with significant neuroprotection. Direct inverted dependence of mCBC upon temperature in vitro and significantly increased mitochondrial resistance to mPTP activation after therapeutic HT ex vivo suggest that hypothermia-driven inhibition of calcium-induced mitochondrial mPTP activation mechanistically contributes to the neuroprotection associated with hypothermia.
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Mendonça BP, Cardoso JDS, Michels M, Vieira AC, Wendhausen D, Manfredini A, Singer M, Dal-Pizzol F, Dyson A. Neuroprotective effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, a slow-release sulfide donor, in a rodent model of regional stroke. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:13. [PMID: 32274608 PMCID: PMC7145883 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several therapeutic strategies to rescue the brain from ischemic injury have improved outcomes after stroke; however, there is no treatment as yet for reperfusion injury, the secondary damage caused by necessary revascularization. Recently we characterized ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a drug used as a copper chelator over many decades in humans, as a new class of sulfide donor that shows efficacy in preclinical injury models. We hypothesized that ATTM could confer neuroprotection in a relevant rodent model of regional stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Brain ischemia was induced by transient (90-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in anesthetized Wistar rats. To mimic a clinical scenario, ATTM (or saline) was administered intravenously just prior to reperfusion. At 24 h or 7 days post-reperfusion, rats were assessed using functional (rotarod test, spontaneous locomotor activity), histological (infarct size), and molecular (anti-oxidant enzyme capacity, oxidative damage, and inflammation) outcome measurements. ATTM-treated animals showed improved functional activity at both 24 h and 7-days post-reperfusion, in parallel with a significant reduction in infarct size. These effects were additionally associated with increased brain antioxidant enzyme capacity, decreased oxidative damage, and a late (7-day) effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and nitric oxide products. CONCLUSION ATTM confers significant neuroprotection that, along with its known safety profile in humans, provides encouragement for its development as a novel adjunct therapy for revascularization following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pescador Mendonça
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Diogo Wendhausen
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Andressa Manfredini
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Alex Dyson
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil. .,Bloomsbury Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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3
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Li T, Wang X, Zhu C. Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants. Front Physiol 2019; 10:463. [PMID: 31105583 PMCID: PMC6494966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is important for a remarkable array of essential functions during brain development, and it needs to be provided in adequate amounts, especially to preterm infants. In this review article, we provide an overview of iron metabolism and homeostasis at the cellular level, as well as its regulation at the mRNA translation level, and we emphasize the importance of iron for brain development in fetal and early life in preterm infants. We also review the risk factors for disrupted iron metabolism that lead to high risk of developing iron deficiency and subsequent adverse effects on neurodevelopment in preterm infants. At the other extreme, iron overload, which is usually caused by excess iron supplementation in iron-replete preterm infants, might negatively impact brain development or even induce brain injury. Maintaining the balance of iron during the fetal and neonatal periods is important, and thus iron status should be monitored routinely and evaluated thoroughly during the neonatal period or before discharge of preterm infants so that iron supplementation can be individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanan Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Stepanova A, Konrad C, Manfredi G, Springett R, Ten V, Galkin A. The dependence of brain mitochondria reactive oxygen species production on oxygen level is linear, except when inhibited by antimycin A. J Neurochem 2019; 148:731-745. [PMID: 30582748 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of physiological mitochondrial metabolism that are involved in several cellular signaling pathways as well as tissue injury and pathophysiological processes, including brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is considered a major source of ROS; however, there is little agreement on how ROS release depends on oxygen concentration. The rate of H2 O2 release by intact brain mitochondria was measured with an Amplex UltraRed assay using a high-resolution respirometer (Oroboros) equipped with a fluorescent optical module and a system of controlled gas flow for varying the oxygen concentration. Three types of substrates were used: malate and pyruvate, succinate and glutamate, succinate alone or glycerol 3-phosphate. For the first time we determined that, with any substrate used in the absence of inhibitors, H2 O2 release by respiring brain mitochondria is linearly dependent on the oxygen concentration. We found that the highest rate of H2 O2 release occurs in conditions of reverse electron transfer when mitochondria oxidize succinate or glycerol 3-phosphate. H2 O2 production by complex III is significant only in the presence of antimycin A and, in this case, the oxygen dependence manifested mixed (linear and hyperbolic) kinetics. We also demonstrated that complex II in brain mitochondria could contribute to ROS generation even in the absence of its substrate succinate when the quinone pool is reduced by glycerol 3-phosphate. Our results underscore the critical importance of reverse electron transfer in the brain, where a significant amount of succinate can be accumulated during ischemia providing a backflow of electrons to complex I at the early stages of reperfusion. Our study also demonstrates that ROS generation in brain mitochondria is lower under hypoxic conditions than in normoxia. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stepanova
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Springett
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Montaldo P, Cuccaro P, Caredda E, Pugliese U, De Vivo M, Orbinato F, Magri D, Rojo S, Rosso R, Santantonio A, Vitiello R, Vacchiano T, Chello G, Del Giudice EM, Giliberti P. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes during therapeutic hypothermia in encephalopathic infants with long-term adverse outcome. Resuscitation 2018; 130:99-104. [PMID: 30009925 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the electrocardiography and echocardiography changes during therapeutic hypothermia and rewarming period in encephalopathic infants with long-term adverse neurological outcome. METHODS Prospective multicentre longitudinal study. We included 64 consecutive infants with moderate or severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia who had 18-24 month-outcome data. We analysed electrocardiography and heart rate changes before, during and after therapeutic hypothermia. Superior vena cava flow, left ventricular cardiac output and stroke volume were studied using echocardiography during and immediately after therapeutic hypothermia. An abnormal outcome was defined as death or moderate/severe disability at 18-24 months. RESULTS Neonates with higher superior vena cava flow pre-rewarming had significantly higher odds of documented long-term adverse outcome when compared to newborns with good outcome (OR 1.57; 95%CI, 1.1-1.78; p = 0.01 after adjustment). QTc and RR intervals were significantly longer at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h in infants with good outcome compared with those with adverse outcome (p < 0.001). During therapeutic hypothermia, infants with poor outcome had a higher heart rate at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h after birth compared with those with good outcome (p < 0.001). From 36 h on, heart rate gradually increased and RR and QTc intervals progressively shortened with values back to normal after rewarming. CONCLUSIONS Infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy who have adverse neurological outcome show a preferential cerebral blood flow redistribution during therapeutic hypothermia. Infants with poor outcome have higher heart rate and shorter RR and QTc intervals during therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montaldo
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Pasquale Cuccaro
- Department of Paediatrics, SS Annunziata Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caredda
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Pugliese
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Magri
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Rojo
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosso
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Renato Vitiello
- Department of Paediatrics, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 3 Sud, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Vacchiano
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chello
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giliberti
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Kahl A, Stepanova A, Konrad C, Anderson C, Manfredi G, Zhou P, Iadecola C, Galkin A. Critical Role of Flavin and Glutathione in Complex I-Mediated Bioenergetic Failure in Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Stroke 2018; 49:1223-1231. [PMID: 29643256 PMCID: PMC5916474 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Ischemic brain injury is characterized by 2 temporally distinct but interrelated phases: ischemia (primary energy failure) and reperfusion (secondary energy failure). Loss of cerebral blood flow leads to decreased oxygen levels and energy crisis in the ischemic area, initiating a sequence of pathophysiological events that after reoxygenation lead to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain damage. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are known to be early events in I/R injury. However, the biochemical mechanisms of mitochondria damage in I/R are not completely understood. Methods— We used a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia to investigate acute I/R-induced changes of mitochondrial function, focusing on mechanisms of primary and secondary energy failure. Results— Ischemia induced a reversible loss of flavin mononucleotide from mitochondrial complex I leading to a transient decrease in its enzymatic activity, which is rapidly reversed on reoxygenation. Reestablishing blood flow led to a reversible oxidative modification of mitochondrial complex I thiol residues and inhibition of the enzyme. Administration of glutathione-ethyl ester at the onset of reperfusion prevented the decline of complex I activity and was associated with smaller infarct size and improved neurological outcome, suggesting that decreased oxidation of complex I thiols during I/R-induced oxidative stress may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of glutathione ester. Conclusions— Our results unveil a key role of mitochondrial complex I in the development of I/R brain injury and provide the mechanistic basis for the well-established mitochondrial dysfunction caused by I/R. Targeting the functional integrity of complex I in the early phase of reperfusion may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent tissue injury after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kahl
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Anna Stepanova
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.).,School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (A.S., A.G.)
| | - Csaba Konrad
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Corey Anderson
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Ping Zhou
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.)
| | - Alexander Galkin
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.K., A.S., C.K., C.A., G.M., P.Z., C.I., A.G.).,School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom (A.S., A.G.)
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7
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Yang W, Zhang X, Wang N, Tan J, Fang X, Wang Q, Tao T, Li W. Effects of Acute Systemic Hypoxia and Hypercapnia on Brain Damage in a Rat Model of Hypoxia-Ischemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167359. [PMID: 27907083 PMCID: PMC5131999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypercapnia has the potential for neuroprotection after global cerebral ischemia. Here we further investigated the effects of different degrees of acute systemic hypoxia in combination with hypercapnia on brain damage in a rat model of hypoxia and ischemia. Adult wistar rats underwent unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) ligation for 60 min followed by ventilation with normoxic or systemic hypoxic gas containing 11%O2,13%O2,15%O2 and 18%O2 (targeted to PaO2 30-39 mmHg, 40-49 mmHg, 50-59 mmHg, and 60-69 mmHg, respectively) or systemic hypoxic gas containing 8% carbon dioxide (targeted to PaCO2 60-80 mmHg) for 180 min. The mean artery pressure (MAP), blood gas, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were evaluated. The cortical vascular permeability and brain edema were examined. The ipsilateral cortex damage and the percentage of hippocampal apoptotic neurons were evaluated by Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay as well as flow cytometry, respectively. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to determine aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression. In rats treated with severe hypoxia (PaO2 < 50 mmHg), hypercapnia augmented the decline of MAP with cortical CBF and damaged blood-brain barrier permeability (p < 0.05). In contrast, in rats treated with mild to moderate hypoxia (PaO2 > 50 mmHg), hypercapnia protected against these pathophysiological changes. Moreover, hypercapnia treatment significantly reduced brain damage in the ischemic ipsilateral cortex and decreased the percentage of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus after the CCA ligated rats were exposed to mild or moderate hypoxemia (PaO2 > 50 mmHg); especially under mild hypoxemia (PaO2 > 60 mmHg), hypercapnia significantly attenuated the expression of AQP4 protein with brain edema (p < 0.05). Hypercapnia exerts beneficial effects under mild to moderate hypoxemia and augments detrimental effects under severe hypoxemia on brain damage in a rat model of hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xianhai Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University P. R. China; and Anesthesiology Key Laboratory, Education Department, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Sosunov SA, Ameer X, Niatsetskaya ZV, Utkina-Sosunova I, Ratner VI, Ten VS. Isoflurane anesthesia initiated at the onset of reperfusion attenuates oxidative and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120456. [PMID: 25799166 PMCID: PMC4370491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that in mice subjected to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) brain injury isoflurane anesthesia initiated upon reperfusion limits a release of mitochondrial oxidative radicals by inhibiting a recovery of complex-I dependent mitochondrial respiration. This significantly attenuates an oxidative stress and reduces the extent of HI brain injury. Neonatal mice were subjected to HI, and at the initiation of reperfusion were exposed to isoflurane with or without mechanical ventilation. At the end of HI and isoflurane exposure cerebral mitochondrial respiration, H2O2 emission rates were measured followed by an assessment of cerebral oxidative damage and infarct volumes. At 8 weeks after HI navigational memory and brain atrophy were assessed. In vitro, direct effect of isoflurane on mitochondrial H2O2 emission was compared to that of complex-I inhibitor, rotenone. Compared to controls, 15 minutes of isoflurane anesthesia inhibited recovery of the compex I-dependent mitochondrial respiration and decreased H2O2 production in mitochondria supported with succinate. This was associated with reduced oxidative brain injury, superior navigational memory and decreased cerebral atrophy compared to the vehicle-treated HI-mice. Extended isoflurane anesthesia was associated with sluggish recovery of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the neuroprotection was lost. However, when isoflurane anesthesia was supported with mechanical ventilation the CBF recovery improved, the event associated with further reduction of infarct volume compared to HI-mice exposed to isoflurane without respiratory support. Thus, in neonatal mice brief isoflurane anesthesia initiated at the onset of reperfusion limits mitochondrial release of oxidative radicals and attenuates an oxidative stress. This novel mechanism contributes to neuroprotective action of isoflurane. The use of mechanical ventilation during isoflurane anesthesia counterbalances negative effect of isoflurane anesthesia on recovery of cerebral circulation which potentiates protection against reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Sosunov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xavier Ameer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zoya V. Niatsetskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Irina Utkina-Sosunova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Veniamin I. Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vadim S. Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Juliano C, Sosunov S, Niatsetskaya Z, Isler JA, Utkina-Sosunova I, Jang I, Ratner V, Ten V. Mild intermittent hypoxemia in neonatal mice causes permanent neurofunctional deficit and white matter hypomyelination. Exp Neurol 2014; 264:33-42. [PMID: 25476492 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants experience numerous, often self-limited non-bradycardic episodes of intermittent hypoxemia (IH). We hypothesized that these episodes of IH affect postnatal white matter (WM) development causing hypomyelination and neurological handicap in the absence of cellular degeneration. Based on clinical data from ten VLBW neonates; a severity, daily duration and frequency of non-bradycardic IH episodes were reproduced in neonatal mice. Changes in heart rate and cerebral blood flow during IH were recorded. A short-term and long-term neurofunctional performance, cerebral content of myelin basic protein (MBP), 2'3' cyclic-nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), electron microscopy of axonal myelination and the extent of cellular degeneration were examined. Neonatal mice exposed to IH exhibited no signs of cellular degeneration, yet demonstrated significantly poorer olfactory discrimination, wire holding, beam and bridge crossing, and walking-initiation tests performance compared to controls. In adulthood, IH-mice demonstrated no alteration in navigational memory. However, sensorimotor performance on rota-rod, wire-holding and beam tests was significantly worse compared to naive littermates. Both short- and long-term neurofunctional deficits were coupled with decreased MBP, CNPase content and poorer axonal myelination compared to controls. In neonatal mice mild, non-ischemic IH stress, mimicking that in VLBW preterm infants, replicates a key phenotype of non-cystic WM injury: permanent hypomyelination and sensorimotor deficits. Because this phenotype has developed in the absence of cellular degeneration, our data suggest that cellular mechanisms of WM injury induced by mild IH differ from that of cystic periventricular leukomalacia where the loss of myelin-producing cells and axons is the major mechanism of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Juliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Sergey Sosunov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Zoya Niatsetskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A Isler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Irina Utkina-Sosunova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Isaac Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Veniamin Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Vadim Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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Hochwald O, Jabr M, Osiovich H, Miller SP, McNamara PJ, Lavoie PM. Preferential cephalic redistribution of left ventricular cardiac output during therapeutic hypothermia for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Pediatr 2014; 164:999-1004.e1. [PMID: 24582011 PMCID: PMC4623763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO), superior vena cava (SVC) flow, and brain injury during whole-body therapeutic hypothermia. STUDY DESIGN Sixteen newborns with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were studied using echocardiography during and immediately after therapeutic hypothermia. Measures were also compared with 12 healthy newborns of similar postnatal age. Newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia also had cerebral magnetic resonance imaging as part of routine clinical care on postnatal day 3-4. RESULTS LVCO was markedly reduced (mean ± SD 126 ± 38 mL/kg/min) during therapeutic hypothermia, whereas SVC flow was maintained within expected normal values (88 ± 27 mL/kg/min) such that SVC flow represented 70% of the LVCO. The reduction in LVCO during therapeutic hypothermia was mainly accounted by a reduction in heart rate (99 ± 13 vs 123 ± 17 beats/min; P < .001) compared with immediately postwarming in the context of myocardial dysfunction. Neonates with brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging had higher SVC flow prerewarming, compared with newborns without brain injury (P = .013). CONCLUSION Newborns with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy showed a preferential systemic-to-cerebral redistribution of cardiac blood flow during whole-body therapeutic hypothermia, which may reflect a lack of cerebral vascular adaptation in newborns with more severe brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Hochwald
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mohammed Jabr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Horacio Osiovich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven P. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick J. McNamara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Nathaniel TI, Otukonyong EE, Okon M, Chaves J, Cochran T, Nathaniel AI. Metabolic regulatory clues from the naked mole rat: toward brain regulatory functions during stroke. Brain Res Bull 2013; 98:44-52. [PMID: 23886571 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to tissue hypoxia is a robust fundamental adaptation to low oxygen supply, and represents a novel neuroscience problem with significance to mammalian physiology as well as human health. With the underlying mechanisms strongly conserved in evolution, the ability to resist tissue hypoxia in natural systems has recently emerged as an interesting model in mammalian physiology research to understand mechanisms that can be manipulated for the clinical management of stroke. The extraordinary ability to resist tissue hypoxia by the naked mole rat (NMR) indicates the presence of a unique mechanism that underlies the remarkable healthy life span and exceptional hypoxia resistance. This opens an interesting line of research into understanding the mechanisms employed by the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) to protect the brain during hypoxia. In a series of studies, we first examined the presence of neuroprotection in the brain cells of naked mole rats (NMRs) subjected to hypoxic insults, and then characterized the expression of such neuroprotection in a wide range of time intervals. We used oxygen nutrient deprivation (OND), an in vitro model of resistance to tissue hypoxia to determine whether there is evidence of neuronal survival in the hippocampal (CA1) slices of NMRs that are subjected to chronic hypoxia. Hippocampus neurons of NMRs that were kept in hypoxic condition consistently tolerated OND right from the onset time of 5h. This tolerance was maintained for 24h. This finding indicates that there is evidence of resistance to tissue hypoxia by CA1 neurons of NMRs. We further examined the effect of hypoxia on metabolic rate in the NMR. Repeated measurement of metabolic rates during exposure of naked mole rats to hypoxia over a constant ambient temperature indicates that hypoxia significantly decreased metabolic rates in the NMR, suggesting that the observed decline in metabolic rate during hypoxia may contribute to the adaptive mechanism used by the NMR to resist tissue hypoxia. This work is aimed to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of resistance to tissue hypoxia in the NMR as an important life-sustaining process, which can be translated into therapeutic interventions during stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Nathaniel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, HSEB, 607 Grove Road, Greenville, SC 29605, United States.
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Utkina-Sosunova IV, Niatsetskaya ZV, Sosunov SA, Ratner VI, Matsiukevich D, Ten VS. Nelfinavir inhibits intra-mitochondrial calcium influx and protects brain against hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62448. [PMID: 23614049 PMCID: PMC3632564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nelfinavir (NLF), an antiretroviral agent, preserves mitochondrial membranes integrity and protects mature brain against ischemic injury in rodents. Our study demonstrates that in neonatal mice NLF significantly limits mitochondrial calcium influx, the event associated with protection of the brain against hypoxic-ischemic insult (HI). Compared to the vehicle-treated mice, cerebral mitochondria from NLF-treated mice exhibited a significantly greater tolerance to the Ca2+-induced membrane permeabilization, greater ADP-phosphorylating activity and reduced cytochrome C release during reperfusion. Pre-treatment with NLF or Ruthenium red (RuR) significantly improved viability of murine hippocampal HT-22 cells, reduced Ca2+ content and preserved membrane potential (Ψm) in mitochondria following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Following histamine-stimulated Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, in contrast to the vehicle-treated cells, the cells treated with NLF or RuR also demonstrated reduced Ca2+ content in their mitochondria, the event associated with preserved Ψm. Because RuR inhibits mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, we tested whether the NLF acts via the mechanism similar to the RuR. However, in contrast to the RuR, in the experiment with direct interaction of these agents with mitochondria isolated from naïve mice, the NLF did not alter mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, and did not prevent Ca2+ induced collapse of the Ψm. These data strongly argues against interaction of NLF and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. Although the exact mechanism remains unclear, our study is the first to show that NLF inhibits intramitochondrial Ca2+ flux and protects developing brain against HI-reperfusion injury. This novel action of NLF has important clinical implication, because it targets a fundamental mechanism of post-ischemic cell death: intramitochondrial Ca2+ overload → mitochondrial membrane permeabilization → secondary energy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoya V. Niatsetskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sergey A. Sosunov
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Veniamin I. Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dzmitry Matsiukevich
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vadim S. Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Longitudinal diffusion tensor and manganese-enhanced MRI detect delayed cerebral gray and white matter injury after hypoxia-ischemia and hyperoxia. Pediatr Res 2013; 73:171-9. [PMID: 23174702 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induces delayed inflammation and long-term gray and white matter brain injury that may be altered by hyperoxia. METHODS HI and 2 h of hyperoxia (100% O2) or room air (21% O2) in 7-d-old (P7) rats were studied by magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla during 42 d: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps on day 1; T(1)-weighted manganese-enhanced images on day 7; diffusion tensor images on days 21 and 42; and T2 maps at all time points. RESULTS The long-term brain tissue destruction on T2 maps was more severe in HI+hyperoxia than HI+room air. ADC was lower in HI+hyperoxia vs. HI+room air and sham and was correlated with long-term outcome. Manganese enhancement indicating inflammation was seen in both the groups along with more microglial activation in HI+hyperoxia on day 7. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in corpus callosum was lower and radial diffusivity was higher in HI+hyperoxia than that in HI+room air and sham on day 21. From day 21 to day 42, FA and radial diffusivity in HI+hyperoxia were unchanged, whereas in HI+room air, FA increased and radial diffusivity decreased to values similar to sham. CONCLUSION Hyperoxia caused a more severe tissue destruction, delayed irreversible white matter injury, and increased inflammatory response resulting in a worsening in the trajectory of injury after HI in developing gray and white matter.
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Solevåg AL, Nakstad B. Neuroprotective treatment for perinatal asphyxia. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2012; 132:2396-9. [PMID: 23160590 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal asphyxia can cause serious illness or death. By taking steps in the «latent phase», which occurs 6-24 hours after the hypoxic event, the neurological damage caused by perinatal asphyxia can be limited. We wish to present a selection of such measures that are either established treatment today or that appear promising. METHOD We searched in the Medline and Cochrane Library databases for options for treating perinatal asphyxia. RESULTS An overwhelming number of potential treatments were identified. From among them we selected 44 indexed, peer-reviewed original articles in English on strategies for neuroprotective treatment after perinatal asphyxia. The treatments target different cellular mechanisms that cause neurological damage following perinatal asphyxia. In randomised clinical trials, only hypothermia treatment has improved the long-term outcome for newborns with perinatal asphyxia. Xenon gas, erythropoeitin and allopurinol are undergoing clinical testing. INTERPRETATION The efficacy of xenon gas, erythropoeitin and allopurinol in combination with the established treatment form of hypothermia must be studied more closely. Antioxidants, stem cell treatment and DNA repair mechanisms can pave the way for new opportunities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lee Solevåg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Norway.
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Shang A, Feng X, Wang H, Wang J, Hang X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhou D. Neuroglobin upregulation offers neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury. Neurol Res 2012; 34:588-94. [PMID: 22664218 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate rat neuroglobin (rNGB) expression level after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and further study its neuroprotective effects in TBI when it was overexpressed in adenoviral vector. METHODS The Wistar rats (280-320 g) were divided into control, 12 and 36 hours after TBI groups (n = 3) and their TBI model was established. Subsequently, NGB expression level was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemical. Beyond that, adenoviral vectors pAdEasy-rNGB-GFP and pAdEasy-GFP were constructed and transfected into the rat brain respectively (pAdEasy-GFP was control), and the neuroprotective effects were examined by immunohistochemical. RESULTS Immunohistochemical and Western blot results demonstrated that NGB expression level was increased at 12 and 36 hours after TBI injury compare with control. Meanwhile, the pAdEasy-rNGB-GFP transfected rats suffered less necrosis and apoptosis compare to control. CONCLUSIONS NGB was upregulated in TBI and overexpressed rNGB had a significant neuroprotection in TBI. However, the mechanism remained unknown. This study suggested that rNGB overexpression may be a new strategy for treating of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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