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Khadatkar A, Agarwal KN, Gite LP, Kot LS. Work-related injuries among farm workers engaged in agricultural operations in India: a cross-sectional study. Inj Prev 2022; 28:injuryprev-2022-044541. [PMID: 35523568 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to investigate nature, risk factors as well as magnitude of farm injuries and fatalities among agricultural workers in rural India. METHODS An Agricultural Injury Study (AIS) was conducted using selected 1703 villages in eight states of rural India based on statistical consideration using unstructured proforma for 3086 victims/respodents, who were mostly agricultural workers or farmers. Injury incidence rate (IIR) was estimated per 1000 machines/tools per year for farm machinery and hand tools injuries, and per 100 000 workers per year for other sources. Questions about the injuries involved in farming tasks were used. RESULTS About 36.2% fatalities were caused by farm machinery that involves tractors. The IIR per year of farm machinery, hand tools and injuries due to other sources were 3.2 per 1000 machines, 0.7 per 1000 tools and 77 per 100 000 workers, respectively. Correlation between number of injury-prone agricultural machines and number of farm machinery injury is r=0.80 (number of injuries increases with increase in number of machines). The χ²=72.53; p<0.01 of number of hand tools and number of farm hand tools-related injuries, that is, they are statistically significant. CONCLUSION Exposures to agricultural machineries during farming operations can result in injuries confounding that may be fatal or non-fatal. Mapping down the cause and taking preventive measure to reduce the losses are of major concern. Also, customised safety programme as well as legislative awareness is needed to be raised for the higher injury incidence group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Khadatkar
- Agricultural Mechanization Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K N Agarwal
- Agricultural Mechanization Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - L P Gite
- Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - L S Kot
- Department of Community Medicine, ICSSR-IMPRESS Project, Government Medical College, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Hanson C, Ponce J, Isaak M, Heires A, Nordgren T, Wichman C, Furtado JD, LeVan T, Romberger D. Fatty Acids, Amphiregulin Production, and Lung Function in a Cohort of Midwestern Veterans. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:773835. [PMID: 36188926 PMCID: PMC9397678 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.773835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rationale The relationship between many fatty acids and respiratory outcomes remains unclear, especially with regard to mechanistic actions. Altered regulation of the process of lung repair is a key feature of chronic lung disease and may impact the potential for pulmonary rehabilitation, but underlying mechanisms of lung repair following injury or inflammation are not well-studied. The epidermal growth factor receptor agonist amphiregulin (AREG) has been demonstrated to promote lung repair following occupational dust exposure in animals. Studies suggest the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may enhance the production of AREG. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fatty acids and lung function in a population of veterans and determine if fatty acid status is associated with concentrations of AREG. Materials and Methods Data were collected from a cross-sectional study of veterans within the Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System. Whole blood assays were performed to quantify AREG concentrations via a commercially available ELISA kit. Fatty acids from plasma samples from the same patients were measured using gas-liquid chromatography. Intakes of fatty acids were quantified with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to determine whether plasma fatty acids or intakes of fatty acids predicted lung function or AREG concentrations. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Ninety participants were included in this analysis. In fully adjusted models, plasma fatty acids were associated with AREG production, including the PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (β = 0.33, p = 0.03) and the monounsaturated fatty acid octadecenoic acid: (β = −0.56, p = 0.02). The omega-3 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was positively associated with lung function (β = 0.28, p = 0.01; β = 26.5, p = 0.05 for FEV1/FVC ratio and FEV1 % predicted, respectively), as were the omega-6 PUFAs eicosadienoic acid (β = 1.13, p < 0.001; β = 91.2, p = 0.005 for FEV1/FVC ratio and FEV1 % predicted, respectively) and docosadienoic acid (β = 0.29, p = 0.01 for FEV1/FVC ratio). Plasma monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were inversely associated with lung function. Conclusion Opposing anti- and pro-inflammatory properties of different fatty acids may be associated with lung function in this population, in part by regulating AREG induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Hanson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Corrine Hanson
| | - Jana Ponce
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mia Isaak
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Art Heires
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tara Nordgren
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Chris Wichman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tricia LeVan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Debra Romberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
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Skaarup C, Wodschow K, Voutchkova DD, Schullehner J, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen HR, Hansen B, Ersbøll AK. Geographical Distribution and Pattern of Pesticides in Danish Drinking Water 2002-2018: Reducing Data Complexity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020823. [PMID: 35055647 PMCID: PMC8775924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are a large and heterogenous group of chemicals with a complex geographic distribution in the environment. The purpose of this study was to explore the geographic distribution of pesticides in Danish drinking water and identify potential patterns in the grouping of pesticides. Our data included 899,169 analyses of 167 pesticides and metabolites, of which 55 were identified above the detection limit. Pesticide patterns were defined by (1) pesticide groups based on chemical structure and pesticide-metabolite relations and (2) an exploratory factor analysis identifying underlying patterns of related pesticides within waterworks. The geographic distribution was evaluated by mapping the pesticide categories for groups and factor components, namely those detected, quantified, above quality standards, and not analysed. We identified five and seven factor components for the periods 2002-2011 and 2012-2018, respectively. In total, 16 pesticide groups were identified, of which six were representative in space and time with regards to the number of waterworks and analyses, namely benzothiazinone, benzonitriles, organophosphates, phenoxy herbicides, triazines, and triazinones. Pesticide mapping identified areas where multiple pesticides were detected, indicating areas with a higher pesticide burden. The results contribute to a better understanding of the pesticide pattern in Danish drinking water and may contribute to exposure assessments for future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Skaarup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.W.); (A.K.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kirstine Wodschow
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.W.); (A.K.E.)
| | - Denitza D. Voutchkova
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (D.D.V.); (J.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (D.D.V.); (J.S.); (B.H.)
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Work and Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Envinronmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Birgitte Hansen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (D.D.V.); (J.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.W.); (A.K.E.)
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Gribben KC, Poole JA, Nelson AJ, Farazi PA, Wichman CS, Heires AJ, Romberger DJ, LeVan TD. Relationships of serum CC16 levels with smoking status and lung function in COPD. Respir Res 2022; 23:247. [PMID: 36114505 PMCID: PMC9479424 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The club cell secretory protein (CC16) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and low CC16 serum levels have been associated with both risk and progression of COPD, yet the interaction between smoking and CC16 on lung function outcomes remains unknown. METHODS Utilizing cross-sectional data on United States veterans, CC16 serum concentrations were measured by ELISA and log transformed for analyses. Spirometry was conducted and COPD status was defined by post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7. Smoking measures were self-reported on questionnaire. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were employed to examine associations between CC16 levels and COPD, and lung function with adjustment for covariates. Unadjusted Pearson correlations described relationships between CC16 level and lung function measures, pack-years smoked, and years since smoking cessation. RESULTS The study population (N = 351) was mostly male, white, with an average age over 60 years. An interaction between CC16 and smoking status on FEV1/FVC ratio was demonstrated among subjects with COPD (N = 245, p = 0.01). There was a positive correlation among former smokers and negative correlation among current or never smokers with COPD. Among former smokers with COPD, CC16 levels were also positively correlated with years since smoking cessation, and inversely related with pack-years smoked. Increasing CC16 levels were associated with lower odds of COPD (ORadj = 0.36, 95% CI 0.22-0.57, Padj < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Smoking status is an important effect modifier of CC16 relationships with lung function. Increasing serum CC16 corresponded to increases in FEV1/FVC ratio in former smokers with COPD versus opposite relationships in current or never smokers. Additional longitudinal studies may be warranted to assess relationship of CC16 with smoking cessation on lung function among subjects with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli C. Gribben
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Jill A. Poole
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Paraskevi A. Farazi
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Christopher S. Wichman
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Art J. Heires
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA ,grid.478099.b0000 0004 0420 0296VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE 68105 USA
| | - Tricia D. LeVan
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA ,grid.478099.b0000 0004 0420 0296VA Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE 68105 USA
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ROY ARKAPRAVA, LAVINE ISAAC, HERRING AMYH, DUNSON DAVIDB. PERTURBED FACTOR ANALYSIS: ACCOUNTING FOR GROUP DIFFERENCES IN EXPOSURE PROFILES. Ann Appl Stat 2021; 15:1386-1404. [PMID: 36324423 PMCID: PMC9624461 DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article we investigate group differences in phthalate exposure profiles using NHANES data. Phthalates are a family of industrial chemicals used in plastics and as solvents. There is increasing evidence of adverse health effects of exposure to phthalates on reproduction and neurodevelopment and concern about racial disparities in exposure. We would like to identify a single set of low-dimensional factors summarizing exposure to different chemicals, while allowing differences across groups. Improving on current multigroup additive factor models, we propose a class of Perturbed Factor Analysis (PFA) models that assume a common factor structure after perturbing the data via multiplication by a group-specific matrix. Bayesian inference algorithms are defined using a matrix normal hierarchical model for the perturbation matrices. The resulting model is just as flexible as current approaches in allowing arbitrarily large differences across groups but has substantial advantages that we illustrate in simulation studies. Applying PFA to NHANES data, we learn common factors summarizing exposures to phthalates, while showing clear differences across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ISAAC LAVINE
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University
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6
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Knoell DL, Smith DA, Sapkota M, Heires AJ, Hanson CK, Smith LM, Poole JA, Wyatt TA, Romberger DJ. Insufficient zinc intake enhances lung inflammation in response to agricultural organic dust exposure. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:56-64. [PMID: 31153019 PMCID: PMC10575612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic dust exposure particularly within hog confinement facilities is a significant cause of airway inflammation and lung disease. In a cohort of Midwestern veterans with COPD and agricultural work exposure we observed reduced zinc intakes which were associated with decreased lung function. Because insufficient zinc intake is common within the U.S. and a potent modulator of innate immune function, we sought to determine whether deficits in zinc intake would impact the airway inflammatory response to hog confinement facility dust extract (HDE). Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to zinc deficient or matched zinc sufficient diets for 3 weeks and subsequently treated with intranasal HDE inhalation or saline once or daily for 3 weeks while maintained on specific diets. Lavage fluid and lung tissue was collected. Conditions of zinc deficiency were also studied in macrophages exposed to HDE. Single and repetitive HDE inhalation exposure resulted in increased influx of total cells and neutrophils, increased mediator hyper-responsiveness (TNFα, IL-6, CXCL1, and amphiregulin), and enhanced tissue pathology that was more pronounced in zinc deficient mice compared to normal dietary counterparts. Airway inflammation was most pronounced in zinc deficient mice treated with repetitive HDE for 3 weeks. Similarly, macrophages maintained in a zinc deficient environment exhibited increased CXCL1 and IL-23 production as a result of increased NF-κB activation. Conclusion: Given the relatively high incidence of dietary deficiencies in agriculture workers, we anticipate that zinc intake, or a lack thereof, may play an important role in modulating the host response to organic dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren L Knoell
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE 68198.
| | - Deandra A Smith
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE 68198.
| | - Muna Sapkota
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE 68198.
| | - Art J Heires
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198.
| | - Corrine K Hanson
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Allied Health, Omaha, NE 68198.
| | - Lynette M Smith
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Jill A Poole
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198.
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198; The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha, NE 68198; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105.
| | - Debra J Romberger
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198.
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7
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LeVan TD, Romberger DJ, Siahpush M, Grimm BL, Ramos AK, Johansson PL, Michaud TL, Heires AJ, Wyatt TA, Poole JA. Relationship of systemic IL-10 levels with proinflammatory cytokine responsiveness and lung function in agriculture workers. Respir Res 2018; 19:166. [PMID: 30176916 PMCID: PMC6122449 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture workers are exposed to microbial component- and particulate matter-enriched organic dust aerosols. Whereas it is clear that exposure to these aerosols can lead to lung inflammation, it is not known how inflammatory responses are resolved in some individuals while others develop chronic lung disease. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is recognized as a potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving factor. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship of systemic IL-10 and proinflammatory responses and/or respiratory health effects in humans with prior agriculture exposure. METHODS This is a cross sectional study of 625 veterans with > 2 years of farming experience. Whole blood was stimulated with or without organic dust and measured for IL-6, TNFα and IL-10. Participants underwent spirometry and respiratory symptoms were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS We found that baseline IL-10 concentration from the whole blood assay was inversely associated with ΔTNF-α (r = - 0.63) and ΔIL-6 (r = - 0.37) levels. Results remained highly significant in the linear regression model after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, race, education, smoking status, and white blood cell count (ΔTNF-α, p < 0.0001; ΔIL-6, p < 0.0001). We found no association between chronic cough (p = 0.18), chronic phlegm (p = 0.31) and chronic bronchitis (p = 0.06) and baseline IL-10 levels using univariate logistic regression models. However, we did find that higher FEV1/FVC was significantly associated with increased baseline IL-10 concentration. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies support a potential role for IL-10 in modulating an inflammatory response and lung function in agriculture-exposed persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia D. LeVan
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Mohammad Siahpush
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Brandon L. Grimm
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Athena K. Ramos
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Patrik L. Johansson
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Tzeyu L. Michaud
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Art J. Heires
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
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Sinha R, Weissenburger-Moser LA, Clarke JL, Smith LM, Heires AJ, Romberger DJ, LeVan TD. Short term dynamics of the sputum microbiome among COPD patients. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518088 PMCID: PMC5843169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by incompletely reversible airflow obstruction. The complexity of the lung microbial community in COPD patients has been highlighted in recent years. Evidence suggests that transplantation, medications, age, and disease severity influence microbial community membership. However, the dynamics of the lung microbiome in stable COPD patients remain poorly understood. In this study, we completed a longitudinal 16S ribosomal RNA survey of the lung microbiome on replicate sputum samples collected from 4 former smokers with COPD (Stage 2) within a 2-day time period. Samples from each individual over the two-day period were similar based on α-diversity, principle component analysis and taxonomy at the phyla and genera level. Sputum samples from COPD patients were also collected between 2–9 months of follow-up. Data suggest an increased variability of the sputum microbiota when comparing samples collected ≤ 3 months compared to those collected ≥ 4 months; however, no statistically significant shifts in the abundance (>2-fold) of taxa between the two time points was observed. Bacterial composition and the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) remained similar over time. Results from this study suggest that the sputum microbiome is relatively stable in clinically stable COPD patients (Stage 2). This study furthers our understanding of the dynamics of the lung microbiome in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohita Sinha
- University of Nebraska, Department of Food Science & Technology, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer L. Clarke
- University of Nebraska, Department of Food Science & Technology, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Art J. Heires
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Veterans Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Tricia D. LeVan
- University of Nebraska, Department of Food Science & Technology, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Veterans Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kaziem AE, Gao Y, He S, Li J. Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Enzyme-Triggered Functionalized Hollow Mesoporous Silica for Controlled Release. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7854-7864. [PMID: 28809107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, enzymatic responsive controlled release formulations (CRFs) were fabricated. The CRFs were achieved by anchoring mechanically interlocked molecules using α-cyclodextrin onto the surface pore rims of hollow mesoporous silica (HMS). The CRFs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the CRFs had extraordinary loading ability for chlorantraniliprole (42% w/w) and could effectively preserve chlorantraniliprole against degradation under thermal conditions and UV radiation. The CRFs have been proven to be enzyme-sensitive. The release ratio of chlorantraniliprole from CRFs can be accelerated observably when external α-amylase was introduced. The persistence of CRFs was evaluated by regular sampling feeding experiment using Plutella xylostella as the target insect. The results showed that the larval mortality of P. xylostella was much higher than that of Coragen under all concentrations after 14 days, which proved that CRFs had remarkable persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir E Kaziem
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University , Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Yunhao Gao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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Epistatic effect of TLR-1, -6 and -10 polymorphisms on organic dust-mediated cytokine response. Genes Immun 2017; 18:67-74. [PMID: 28123183 PMCID: PMC5407948 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to organic dust from agricultural environments is associated
with inflammatory respiratory conditions. The putative causal agents in organic
dust include viral, microbial and fungal components, which are recognized by the
family of toll-like receptors and drive host innate and adaptive responses. Our
aim in this study was to determine whether responsiveness to organic dust among
agricultural workers was dependent on polymorphisms in the
TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster. We stimulated whole blood
from 509 agricultural workers with organic dust, triacyl lipopeptide
N-palmitoyl-S-dipalmitoylglyceryl Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (Pam3CSK4) and the
diacyl- lipopeptide peptidoglycan. Several of the tagging polymorphisms and
haplotypes conferred hyper-responsiveness to organic dust with an increase in
IL-6 (p < 0.005), but not TNF-α, secretion. We conclude that
genetic variation in the TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster mediates
responsiveness to organic dust, but indicates different signaling pathways for
IL-6 and TNF-α. These studies provide new insight into the role of the
TLR10-TLR1-TLR6 gene cluster and the innate immune response
to organic dust.
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