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Truchon M, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Zahiriharsini A, Beaulieu M, Daigle G, Langlois L. Occupational Health and Well-being Questionnaire (OHWQ): an instrument to assess psychosocial risk and protective factors in the workplace. Public Health 2022; 210:48-57. [PMID: 35870321 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychosocial stressors at work have been identified as significant risk factors for several mental and physical health problems. These stressors must be compensated by psychosocial resources to prevent or reduce adverse effects on health. Questionnaires measuring these stressors and resources already exist, but none integrate digital stress, ethical culture, and psychosocial safety climate; factors that are increasingly linked to workers' health. This study aims to develop and establish the psychometric properties of one of the most comprehensive instruments measuring the psychosocial work environment to date: the Occupational Health and Well-being Questionnaire (OHWQ). STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional validation study is proposed to develop the OHWQ and document its psychometric properties. METHODS The OHWQ was developed from validated instruments to which new items were added. The questionnaire includes psychosocial dimensions, along with indicators of psychological distress, musculoskeletal disorders, and well-being. It was administered to a sample of 2770 participants from a population working in the academic field. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the calculation of Cronbach's α coefficient were used to identify the variables, items, and, dimensions of the OHWQ and to document its main psychometric properties. RESULTS The acceptability of the measurement model was evaluated by the reliability of the items, internal consistency between the items, and the convergent and discriminant validity. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Using factor analyses and cut-off rules, the new instrument has 124 items grouped into 22 dimensions. The OHWQ demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, as well as reasonable fit indices. The internal consistency of the scales was also good (Cronbach's α = 0.68-0.96, median = 0.85). CONCLUSION The OHWQ demonstrated good psychometric properties. It could be useful for both research purposes and for workplaces interested in developing concrete action plans aimed at improving the balance between psychosocial work stressors and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Truchon
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada.
| | - M Gilbert-Ouimet
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - A Zahiriharsini
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
| | - M Beaulieu
- Nursing Faculty, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - G Daigle
- Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - L Langlois
- Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Opoku S, Addo-Yobo E, Trofimovitch D, Opoku RB, Lasong J, Gan Y, Lu Z. Increased prevalence of hypertension in Ghana: New 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Hypertension Association hypertension guidelines application. J Glob Health 2020; 10:020408. [PMID: 33282222 PMCID: PMC7688293 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We estimated the prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors of hypertension among Ghanaian adults as per the Joint National Committee 7 and the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Hypertension Association hypertension thresholds used for diagnosis and treatment. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 12 151 adults (8295 females and 3856 males) aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2014 Ghana Demographic and health Survey. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to obtain risk factors associated with hypertension as per both guidelines. Results Overall, 30.43% (n = 3698) and 11.48% (n = 1395) respondents had hypertension as per the 2017 ACC/AHA and JNC7 guidelines, respectively. The following factors were significant according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline: 55-64 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.70-8.77), 45-54 years (aOR = 5.72, 95% CI = 4.70-6.85), 3544 years (aOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 3.33-4.59), and 25-34 years (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.77-2.37) age groups. Males (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.23-1.53), and urban residents (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.38). All the above risk factors were significant according to the JNC7 guideline too. Factors positively associated with only the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline included: middle income (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02-1.42) and richest (aOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.10-1.69) wealth quintiles, whereas manual (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02-1.86) was positively associated with the JNC7 guidelines only. Conclusions We conclude that adopting the ACC/AHA guidelines would lead to a substantial increase in the prevalence of hypertension among Ghanaian adults, thus, hypertension prevention and control should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampson Opoku
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Diana Trofimovitch
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebekah Bless Opoku
- Community 8, Number 3, Junior High School, Ghana Education Service, Tema, Ghana
| | - Joseph Lasong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Occupational and environmental influences on hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 34:202-206. [PMID: 31965013 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this review I try to summarize concisely available information on common effectors on blood pressure, occupational, and environmental ones, which are sometimes overlooked, so that clinicians involved in caring for patients with hypertension may have somewhat better vision of what our patients are exposed to.
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Feaster M, Arah OA, Krause N. Effort-reward imbalance and ambulatory blood pressure among female Las Vegas hotel room cleaners. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:523-534. [PMID: 31044447 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) was hypothesized to be associated with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and pulse pressure (PP) among female hotel room cleaners. METHODS ERI, ABP, and PP were assessed among 419 cleaners from five hotels during 18 waking hours. Adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations of ERI with ABP and PP during 18-hours, work hours, and after work hours. RESULTS There was a pattern of higher ERI being associated with higher 18-hour systolic ABP and 18-hour PP although the results were imprecise. An increase of ERI by half its range was associated with a 1.6 mmHg (95% CI, -1.6-4.7) increase in 18-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 0.7 mmHg (95% CI, -1.1-2.5) increase in 18-hour PP. An increase in rewards by half its range was associated with a 2 mmHg decrease in after-hours SBP (-2.2, 95% CI, -5.4-1.0) and after-hours PP (-1.9, 95% CI, -3.8-0.0). Among females 45 years or older, ERI was associated with 2.1 and 2.2 mmHg increase in 18-hour and work hours diastolic ABP, respectively, compared to a 0 mmHg change in 18-hour and work hours diastolic ABP in younger women. The number of dependents at home attenuated the association. CONCLUSIONS ERI was positively associated with ABP, particularly SBP, and the association was modified by age and the number dependents at home, although the estimates were imprecise. Workplace interventions that integrate stress management and active ABP surveillance appear warranted. However, larger studies with Latina women need to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Feaster
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles California
| | - Onyebuchi A. Arah
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles California
- Center for Social StatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles California
| | - Niklas Krause
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles California
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesFielding School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles California
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Cuspidi C, Sala C, Tadic M, Grassi G. When Office Blood Pressure Is Not Enough: The Case of Masked Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:225-233. [PMID: 30508171 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing attention has been devoted in the last two decades to masked hypertension (MH), a condition characterized by the fact that classification of a normal blood pressure (BP) status by office measurements is not confirmed by home and/or ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). MH definition (i.e., normal office BP, but high out-of-office BP) should be restricted to untreated subjects (true MH) whereas masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) reserved to treated patients previously classified as hypertensives, presenting normal office BP and high ABPM or home values. Both MH and MUCH are associated with metabolic alterations, comorbidities, and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). Furthermore, the risk of cardiovascular events related to these conditions has been shown to be close or greater than that of sustained hypertension. This review discusses available evidence about MH and MUCH by focusing on its prevalence, clinical correlates, association with HMOD, prognostic significance, and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Carla Sala
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Marijana Tadic
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-University-Medicine Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psychosocial stressors at work from the demand-latitude and effort-reward imbalance models are adverse exposures affecting about 20-25% of workers in industrialized countries. This review aims to summarize evidence on the effect of these stressors on blood pressure (BP). RECENT FINDINGS Three systematic reviews have recently documented the effect of these psychosocial stressors at work on BP. Among exposed workers, statistically significant BP increases ranging from 1.5 to 11 mmHg have been observed in prospective studies using ambulatory BP (ABP). Recent studies using ABP have shown a deleterious effect of these psychosocial stressors at work on masked hypertension as well as on blood pressure control in pharmacologically treated patients. Evidence on the effect of these psychosocial stressors on BP supports the relevance to tackle these upstream factors for primary prevention and to reduce the burden of poor BP control. There is a need for increased public health and clinical awareness of the occupational etiology of high BP, hypertension, and poor BP control.
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Left ventricular mass independently associates with masked hypertension in young healthy adults. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1689-1696. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Clinical significance of stress-related increase in blood pressure: current evidence in office and out-of-office settings. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:553-569. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Trudel X, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Milot A, Duchaine CS, Vézina M, Laurin D, Sultan-Taïeb H, Brisson C. Cohort Profile: The PROspective Québec (PROQ) Study on Work and Health. Int J Epidemiol 2018. [PMID: 29534180 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Trudel
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Milot
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline S Duchaine
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Vézina
- National Institute of Public Health of Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Sultan-Taïeb
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), School of Management, Montréal, ON, Canada
| | - Chantal Brisson
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
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Siegrist J, Li J. Work Stress and Altered Biomarkers: A Synthesis of Findings Based on the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1373. [PMID: 29125555 PMCID: PMC5708012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While epidemiological studies provide statistical evidence on associations of exposures such as stressful work with elevated risks of stress-related disorders (e.g., coronary heart disease or depression), additional information on biological pathways and biomarkers underlying these associations is required. In this contribution, we summarize the current state of the art on research findings linking stressful work, in terms of an established theoretical model-effort-reward imbalance-with a broad range of biomarkers. Based on structured electronic literature search and recent available systematic reviews, our synthesis of findings indicates that associations of work stress with heart rate variability, altered blood lipids, and risk of metabolic syndrome are rather consistent and robust. Significant relationships with blood pressure, heart rate, altered immune function and inflammation, cortisol release, and haemostatic biomarkers were also observed, but due to conflicting findings additional data will be needed to reach a firm conclusion. This narrative review of empirical evidence supports the argument that the biomarkers under study can act as mediators of epidemiologically established associations of work stress, as measured by effort-reward imbalance, with incident stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Siegrist
- Life Science Centre, University of Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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