1
|
Levac B, Kerber J, Wagner E, Molitor JA, Saliterman SS. An Experimental Phototherapy Device for Studying the Effects of Blue Light on Patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1732-1743. [PMID: 38530533 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a condition that causes decreased blood flow to areas perfused by small blood vessels (e.g., fingers, toes). In severe cases, ulceration, gangrene, and loss of fingers may occur. Most treatments focus on inducing vasorelaxation in affected areas by the way of pharmaceuticals. Recently, animal studies have shown that vasorelaxation can be induced by non-coherent blue light (wavelength ~ 430-460 nm) through the actions of melanopsin, a photoreceptive opsin protein encoded by the OPN4 gene. To study this effect in humans, a reliable phototherapy device (PTD) is needed. We outline the construction of a PTD to be used in studying blue light effects on Raynaud's patients. Our design addresses user safety, calibration, electromagnetic compatibility/interference (EMC/EMI), and techniques for measuring physiological responses (temperature sensors, laser Doppler flow sensors, infrared thermal imaging of the hands). We tested our device to ensure (1) safe operating conditions, (2) predictable, user-controlled irradiance output levels, (3) an ability for measuring physiological responses, and (4) features necessary to enable a double-blinded crossover study for a clinical trial. We also include in the Methods an approved research protocol utilizing our device that may serve as a starting point for clinical study. We introduced a reliable PTD for studying the effects of blue light therapy for patients suffering from Raynaud's phenomenon and showed that our device is safe and reliable and includes the required measurement vectors for tracking treatment effects throughout the duration of a clinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Levac
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, 78712, USA.
| | - James Kerber
- University of Minnesota Law School, 229 S 19th Ave, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Emily Wagner
- University of New England, Public Health, 716 Stevens Ave, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Jerry A Molitor
- University of Minnesota, Scleroderma Clinic, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Steven S Saliterman
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. S.E. Ste 7-105, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akiyama M. Isolated autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis: genetics, pathogenesis and therapies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1788-1796. [PMID: 33988877 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Isolated autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis (ARWH) is a rare hereditary hair disease characterized by tightly curled sparse hair at birth or in early infancy. Patients with ARWH consist of genetically heterogeneous groups. Woolly hair autosomal recessive 1 (ARWH1) (MIM #278150), woolly hair autosomal recessive 2 (ARWH2) (MIM #604379) and woolly hair autosomal recessive 3 (ARWH3) (MIM #616760) are caused by mutations in LPAR6, LIPH and KRT25, respectively. In addition, nonsense variants in C3ORF52 (*611956) were identified in ARWH patients. The frequencies of the mutations in the causative genes in ARWH patients are thought to differ by ethnicity and country/geographical area. Large numbers of ARWH families with LIPH mutations have been described only in populations from Japan, Pakistan and the Volga-Ural region of Russia. In that region of Russia, most ARWH families have an extremely prevalent founder mutation, the deletion of exon 4, in LIPH. In the Pakistani population, 47.2% of ARWH families had the disease due to LIPH mutations and 52.8% of them carried LPAR6 mutations. The prevalent, recurrent LIPH mutation c.659_660delTA (p.Ile220Argfs*29) was found in more than half of Pakistani ARWH families with LIPH mutations. Most Japanese ARWH families (98.7%) harbour LIPH mutations, including the two highly prevalent, recurrent LIPH mutations c.736T>A (p.Cys246Ser) and c.742C>A (p.His248Asn). In ARWH patients whose disease was due to LIPH, LPAR6 or C3ORF52 mutations, the loss of function of LIPH, LPAR6 or C3ORF52 leads to reduced LIPH-LPA-LPAR6 signalling, resulting in the decreased transactivation of EGFR signalling and the phenotype of underdeveloped hairs. Our recent prospective interventional study suggests that topical minoxidil might be a promising treatment for ARWH due to LIPH mutations, although sufficiently effective treatments have not been established for ARWH yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lasisi T. The constraints of racialization: How classification and valuation hinder scientific research on human variation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:376-386. [PMID: 33675042 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human biological variation has historically been studied through the lens of racialization. Despite a general shift away from the use of overt racial terminologies, the underlying racialized frameworks used to describe and understand human variation still remain. Even in relatively recent anthropological and biomedical work, we can observe clear manifestations of such racial thinking. This paper shows how classification and valuation are two specific processes which facilitate racialization and hinder attempts to move beyond such frameworks. The bias induced by classification distorts descriptions of phenotypic variation in a way that erroneously portrays European populations as more variable than others. Implicit valuation occurs in tandem with classification and produces narratives of superiority/inferiority for certain phenotypic variants without an objective biological basis. The bias of racialization is a persistent impediment stemming from the inheritance of scientific knowledge developed under explicitly racial paradigms. It is also an internalized cognitive distortion cultivated through socialization in a world where racialization is inescapable. Though undeniably challenging, this does not present an insurmountable barrier, and this bias can be mitigated through the critical evaluation of past work, the active inclusion of marginalized perspectives, and the direct confrontation of institutional structures enforcing racialized paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lasisi
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alsharif O, Ahmed A, Alali A, Kaki A. Unusual Clinical Presentation of Autosomal Recessive Woolly Hair. Skin Appendage Disord 2020; 6:120-122. [DOI: 10.1159/000505134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis (ARWH/H) is a rare nonsyndromic hair abnormality characterized by sparse, short, and curly hair. we report a case of a 5-year-old girl from consanguineous parents, who presented with ARWH/H since birth. Dermoscopic findings showed thin sparse hair. Genetic testing showed homozygous mutation in the <i>LPAR6</i> gene.
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison of protein expression levels and proteomically-inferred genotypes using human hair from different body sites. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 41:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Cytogenomic identification and long-read single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing of a Bardet-Biedl Syndrome 9 ( BBS9) deletion. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 29367880 PMCID: PMC5778042 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a recessive disorder characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including truncal obesity, rod-cone dystrophy, renal anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, and variable developmental delays. At least 20 genes have been implicated in BBS, and all are involved in primary cilia function. We report a 1-year-old male child from Guyana with obesity, postaxial polydactyly on his right foot, hypotonia, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and developmental delay, which together indicated a clinical diagnosis of BBS. Clinical chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing and high-throughput BBS gene panel sequencing detected a homozygous 7p14.3 deletion of exons 1–4 of BBS9 that was encompassed by a 17.5 Mb region of homozygosity at chromosome 7p14.2–p21.1. The precise breakpoints of the deletion were delineated to a 72.8 kb region in the proband and carrier parents by third-generation long-read single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing (Pacific Biosciences), which suggested non-homologous end joining as a likely mechanism of formation. Long-read SMRT sequencing of the deletion breakpoints also determined that the aberration included the neighboring RP9 gene implicated in retinitis pigmentosa; however, the clinical significance of this was considered uncertain given the paucity of reported cases with unambiguous RP9 mutations. Taken together, our study characterized a BBS9 deletion, and the identification of this shared haplotype in the parents suggests that this pathogenic aberration may be a BBS founder mutation in the Guyanese population. Importantly, this informative case also highlights the utility of long-read SMRT sequencing to map nucleotide breakpoints of clinically relevant structural variants.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmad F, Sharif S, Furqan Ubaid M, Shah K, Khan MN, Umair M, Azeem Z, Ahmad W. Novel sequence variants in the LIPH and LPAR6 genes underlies autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis in consanguineous families. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2018; 58:24-28. [PMID: 28425126 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis (ARWH/H) is a rare genetic disorder of hair caused by variants in the LIPH and LPAR6 genes. The disease is characterized by congenital tightly curled hair leading to sparse hair later in life. In the present report genetic characterization of three consanguineous families of Pakistani origin, displaying clinical features of ARWH/H, was performed. Haplotype and DNA sequence analysis of the LIPH gene revealed a novel homozygous nonsense variant (c.688C > T; p.Gln230*) in family A. In two other families, B and C, sequence analysis of the LPAR6 gene revealed a novel homozygous frameshift variant (c.68_69dupGCAT; p.Phe24Hisfs*29) and a previously reported missense variant (c.188A > T; p.Asp63Val), respectively. Taken together, our findings will expand the spectrum of variants reported in the LIPH and LPAR6 genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salma Sharif
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasim Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Azeem
- Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehmood S, Shah SH, Jan A, Younus M, Ahmad F, Ayub M, Ahmad W. Frameshift Sequence Variants in the Human Lipase-H Gene Causing Hypotrichosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:e40-2. [PMID: 26645693 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypotrichosis is a condition of abnormal hair pattern characterized by sparse to absent hair on different parts of the body, including the scalp. The condition is often characterized by tightly curled woolly hairs, discoloration of hair, and development of multiple keratin filled cysts or papules on the body. Sequence analysis of the lipase H (LIPH) gene, mapped on chromosome 3q27.3, led to the identification of a novel frameshift deletion variant (c.932delC, p.Pro311Leufs*3) in one family and previously reported 2-bp deletion (c.659_660delTA) in five other families, inherited hypotrichosis, and woolly hair in an autosomal recessive pattern. The study further extends the body of evidence that sequence variants in the LIPH gene result in hypotrichosis and woolly hair phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabba Mehmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Hajan Shah
- Center for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abid Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Baluchistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hayashi R, Inoue A, Suga Y, Aoki J, Shimomura Y. Analysis of unique mutations in the LPAR6 gene identified in a Japanese family with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis: Establishment of a useful assay system for LPA6. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 78:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
10
|
Basit S, Khan S, Ahmad W. Genetics of human isolated hereditary hair loss disorders. Clin Genet 2014; 88:203-12. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - W. Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hayashi R, Inui S, Farooq M, Ito M, Shimomura Y. Expression studies of a novel splice site mutation in theLIPHgene identified in a Japanese patient with autosomal recessive woolly hair. J Dermatol 2014; 41:890-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Shigeki Inui
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Division of Dermatology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Laatsch CN, Durbin-Johnson BP, Rocke DM, Mukwana S, Newland AB, Flagler MJ, Davis MG, Eigenheer RA, Phinney BS, Rice RH. Human hair shaft proteomic profiling: individual differences, site specificity and cuticle analysis. PeerJ 2014; 2:e506. [PMID: 25165623 PMCID: PMC4137660 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair from different individuals can be distinguished by physical properties. Although some data exist on other species, examination of the individual molecular differences within the human hair shaft has not been thoroughly investigated. Shotgun proteomic analysis revealed considerable variation in profile among samples from Caucasian, African–American, Kenyan and Korean subjects. Within these ethnic groups, prominent keratin proteins served to distinguish individual profiles. Differences between ethnic groups, less marked, relied to a large extent on levels of keratin associated proteins. In samples from Caucasian subjects, hair shafts from axillary, beard, pubic and scalp regions exhibited distinguishable profiles, with the last being most different from the others. Finally, the profile of isolated hair cuticle cells was distinguished from that of total hair shaft by levels of more than 20 proteins, the majority of which were prominent keratins. The cuticle also exhibited relatively high levels of epidermal transglutaminase (TGM3), accounting for its observed low degree of protein extraction by denaturants. In addition to providing insight into hair structure, present findings may lead to improvements in differentiating hair from various ethnic origins and offer an approach to extending use of hair in crime scene evidence for distinguishing among individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Laatsch
- Forensic Science Graduate Program and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
| | - Blythe P Durbin-Johnson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Clinical and Translational Science Center Biostatistics Core, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
| | - David M Rocke
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Clinical and Translational Science Center Biostatistics Core, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
| | | | - Abby B Newland
- Procter & Gamble, Mason Business Center , Mason, OH , USA
| | | | | | | | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
| | - Robert H Rice
- Forensic Science Graduate Program and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsuno N, Kunisada M, Kanki H, Simomura Y, Nishigori C. A case of autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis with alternation in severity: deterioration and improvement with age. Case Rep Dermatol 2014; 5:363-7. [PMID: 24474919 PMCID: PMC3901624 DOI: 10.1159/000357208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis (ARWH/H) is a nonsyndromic hair abnormality characterized by sparse, short and curly hair (WH/H). We report the case of a 3-year-old female, with no consanguineous ancestry, who exhibited WH/H. Normal hair was observed at birth, but severe hair loss had developed within the first 6 months; however, her hair density had improved somewhat by age 3. Light microscopy showed hair shaft invaginations, and polarized light microscopy suggested complete medullary disruption of the hair. Direct sequence analysis of peripheral blood showed a homozygous missense mutation in exon 6 of the lipase H gene (LIPH: c.736T>A, p.Cys246Ser), and the exact same mutation was found in the heterozygous state in both parents. The initial deterioration followed by improvement with age observed in this case suggests that the clinical course of ARWH/H may vary among patients with the same mutation in LIPH detected in this case, indicating that additional factors may influence the effect of LIPH on hair development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Matsuno
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Kunisada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kanki
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Simomura
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Aboud KA, Aboud DA. Marie-Unna hereditary hypotrichosis or autosomal recessive hereditary hypotrichosis with woolly hair: the diagnostic dilemma of labeling cases with hypotrichosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28:750-751. [PMID: 22082473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Aboud
- Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farooq M, Ito M, Naito M, Shimomura Y. A case of monilethrix caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations in the desmoglein 4 (DSG4) gene. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:425-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
17
|
Localization of hair shaft protein VSIG8 in the hair follicle, nail unit, and oral cavity. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1936-8. [PMID: 21614015 PMCID: PMC3156960 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
18
|
A deletion in exon 9 of the LIPH gene is responsible for the rex hair coat phenotype in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PLoS One 2011; 6:e19281. [PMID: 21552526 PMCID: PMC3084274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fur of common rabbits is constituted of 3 types of hair differing in length and diameter while that of rex animals is essentially made up of amazingly soft down-hair. Rex short hair coat phenotypes in rabbits were shown to be controlled by three distinct loci. We focused on the “r1” mutation which segregates at a simple autosomal-recessive locus in our rabbit strains. A positional candidate gene approach was used to identify the rex gene and the corresponding mutation. The gene was primo-localized within a 40 cM region on rabbit chromosome 14 by genome scanning families of 187 rabbits in an experimental mating scheme. Then, fine mapping refined the region to 0.5 cM (Z = 78) by genotyping an additional 359 offspring for 94 microsatellites present or newly generated within the first defined interval. Comparative mapping pointed out a candidate gene in this 700 kb region, namely LIPH (Lipase Member H). In humans, several mutations in this major gene cause alopecia, hair loss phenotypes. The rabbit gene structure was established and a deletion of a single nucleotide was found in LIPH exon 9 of rex rabbits (1362delA). This mutation results in a frameshift and introduces a premature stop codon potentially shortening the protein by 19 amino acids. The association between this deletion and the rex phenotype was complete, as determined by its presence in our rabbit families and among a panel of 60 rex and its absence in all 60 non-rex rabbits. This strongly suggests that this deletion, in a homozygous state, is responsible for the rex phenotype in rabbits.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rice RH. Proteomic analysis of hair shaft and nail plate. JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 2011; 62:229-236. [PMID: 21635850 PMCID: PMC3227502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The protein components of living cells in the hair follicle are amenable to study by standard molecular biological techniques, but identifying those in the hair shaft has been problematic until recently. Most of the protein, primarily keratins and keratin associated proteins, can be extracted under denaturing conditions, but 15-20% is intractable due to transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking. Shotgun proteomics now permits identifying >300 constituents of the isopeptide cross-linked proteome and even certain post-translational modifications. The proteins originate from all the intracellular compartments, indicating that the cross-linking process makes effective use of available resources to produce structures with great mechanical stability. Knowing this proteome provides a foundation for correlating defects in hair shaft structure with protein deficiencies. Such investigations can be extended to mouse models of aberrant pelage hair. Thus, inbred mouse strains can be distinguished by their hair proteomes, raising the possibility of similar variation in the human population. The nail plate is also amenable to this shotgun proteomic approach. Providing discrete and noninvasive sampling of the human proteome, these epidermal appendages could have diagnostic utility for certain disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8588, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yoshimasu T, Kanazawa N, Kambe N, Nakamura M, Furukawa F. Identification of 736T>A mutation of lipase H in Japanese siblings with autosomal recessive woolly hair. J Dermatol 2011; 38:900-4. [PMID: 21352330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Woolly hair is characterized by fine and tightly curled hair. It has recently been revealed that both LPAR6 and lipase H (LIPH) mutations cause autosomal recessive woolly hair (ARWH)/hypotrichosis. This notion has provided critical evidence to the concept that LPA6 activation by LIPH-catalyzed lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid has a key role in regulation of hair follicle development. Very recently, novel mutations in exon 6, homozygous 736T>A and compound heterozygous 736T>A and 742C>A have been identified in Japanese ARWH/hypotrichosis patients. Here, we report on siblings (a 7-year-old Japanese girl and her 5-year-old brother) both showing woolly hair. Determination of their genomic sequence showed presence of a homozygous 736T>A transition in exon 6 of the LIPH gene changing cysteine at position 246 to serine, without any mutation in the LPAR6 gene. Additionally, the same mutation was found in one out of a 100 alleles of Japanese healthy controls and identified homozygously in three out of four other Japanese sporadic cases with woolly hair. Collectively, it has been suggested that 736T>A transition is highly specific and common in ARWH/hypotrichosis of Japanese origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshimasu
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nahum S, Morice-Picard F, Taieb A, Sprecher E. A novel mutation in LPAR6 causes autosomal recessive hypotrichosis of the scalp. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 36:188-94. [PMID: 21070332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex (ARHS) presents with progressive hair loss mainly affecting the scalp area. In a small number of families, the condition has been associated with mutations in three distinct genes: DSG4, LIPH and LPAR6. AIM To identify the molecular basis of ARHS in a consanguineous family of Turkish extraction. METHODS We used a combination of microsatellite marker screening and direct sequencing. RESULTS We identified a novel missense mutation (c.C587T) in the human LPAR6 gene, resulting in the amino acid substitution p.P196L. The mutation affects a highly conserved amino acid residue, and is predicted to disrupt signalling through the P2Y5 receptor. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence supporting a role for the lysophosphatidyl signalling pathway in hair growth and differentiation. In addition, this paper reports, for the first time to our knowledge, the use of homozygosity mapping as a premutation screening tool in the diagnosis of a group of inherited hair disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nahum
- Center for Translational Genetics, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rice RH, Xia Y, Alvarado RJ, Phinney BS. Proteomic analysis of human nail plate. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6752-8. [PMID: 20939611 DOI: 10.1021/pr1009349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shotgun proteomic analysis of the human nail plate identified 144 proteins in samples from Causcasian volunteers. The 30 identified proteins solubilized by detergent and reducing agent, 90% of the total nail plate mass, were primarily keratins and keratin associated proteins. Keratins comprised a majority of the detergent-insoluble fraction as well, but numerous cytoplasmic, membrane, and junctional proteins and histones were also identified, indicating broad use by transglutaminases of available proteins as substrates for cross-linking. Two novel membrane proteins were identified, also found in the hair shaft, for which mRNAs were detected only at very low levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in other tissues. Parallel analyses of nail samples from volunteers from Inner Mongolia, China gave essentially the same protein profiles. Comparison of the profiles of nail plate and hair shaft from the latter volunteers revealed extensive overlap of protein constituents. Analyses of samples from an arsenic-exposed population revealed few proteins whose levels were altered substantially but raised the possibility of detecting sensitive individuals in this way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tigyi G. Aiming drug discovery at lysophosphatidic acid targets. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:241-70. [PMID: 20735414 PMCID: PMC2989581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-radyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) is the prototype member of a family of lipid mediators and second messengers. LPA and its naturally occurring analogues interact with G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface and a nuclear hormone receptor within the cell. In addition, there are several enzymes that utilize LPA as a substrate or generate it as a product and are under its regulatory control. LPA is present in biological fluids, and attempts have been made to link changes in its concentration and molecular composition to specific disease conditions. Through their many targets, members of the LPA family regulate cell survival, apoptosis, motility, shape, differentiation, gene transcription, malignant transformation and more. The present review depicts arbitrary aspects of the physiological and pathophysiological actions of LPA and attempts to link them with select targets. Many of us are now convinced that therapies targeting LPA biosynthesis and signalling are feasible for the treatment of devastating human diseases such as cancer, fibrosis and degenerative conditions. However, successful targeting of the pathways associated with this pleiotropic lipid will depend on the future development of as yet undeveloped pharmacons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shinkuma S, Akiyama M, Inoue A, Aoki J, Natsuga K, Nomura T, Arita K, Abe R, Ito K, Nakamura H, Ujiie H, Shibaki A, Suga H, Tsunemi Y, Nishie W, Shimizu H. Prevalent LIPH founder mutations lead to loss of P2Y5 activation ability of PA-PLA1alpha in autosomal recessive hypotrichosis. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:602-10. [PMID: 20213768 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis (ARH) is characterized by sparse hair on the scalp without other abnormalities. Three genes, DSG4, LIPH, and LPAR6 (P2RY5), have been reported to underlie ARH. We performed a mutation search for the three candidate genes in five independent Japanese ARH families and identified two LIPH mutations: c.736T>A (p.Cys246Ser) in all five families, and c.742C>A (p.His248Asn) in four of the five families. Out of 200 unrelated control alleles, we detected c.736T>A in three alleles and c.742C>A in one allele. Haplotype analysis revealed each of the two mutant alleles is derived from a respective founder. These results suggest the LIPH mutations are prevalent founder mutations for ARH in the Japanese population. LIPH encodes PA-PLA(1)alpha (LIPH), a membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A(1)alpha. Two residues, altered by these mutations, are conserved among PA-PLA(1)alpha of diverse species. Cys(246) forms intramolecular disulfide bonds on the lid domain, a crucial structure for substrate recognition, and His(248) is one amino acid of the catalytic triad. Both p.Cys246Ser- and p.His248Asn-PA-PLA(1)alpha mutants showed complete abolition of hydrolytic activity and had no P2Y5 activation ability. These results suggest defective activation of P2Y5 due to reduced 2-acyl lysophosphatidic acid production by the mutant PA-PLA(1)alpha is involved in the pathogenesis of ARH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shinkuma
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shimomura Y, Ito M, Christiano AM. Mutations in the LIPH gene in three Japanese families with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:205-7. [PMID: 19892526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
AKR/J mice display a hair interior defect (hid) phenotype for which the molecular basis is unknown. To investigate the application of hair-shaft proteomics to the study of such diseases, pelage from AKR/J and two other mouse strains without this defect was analyzed by shotgun proteomics. The results permitted the identification of 111 proteins from tryptic digests of total hair from AKR/J-hid/hid mice, which were predominantly keratins (Krts) and Krt-associated proteins (Krtaps). From the non-solubilizable (crosslinked) fraction of the hair remaining after extensive detergent extraction, 58 proteins were identified. The majority were Krts and Krtaps, but junctional and other membrane proteins, cytoplasmic proteins, and histones were also identified. The results indicate the incorporation of a multitude of proteins into highly crosslinked material. Comparison of unique peptides generated among hair samples from AKR/J-hid/hid, FVB/NJ+/+, and LP/J+/+ mice indicated that these inbred strains could be distinguished by their proteomic patterns. Transmission electron microscopy after mild treatment in detergent and reducing agent permitted the visualization of projections of cortex cells, with characteristic filament patterns, into adjoining medulla cells. Hair shafts from AKR/J mice were deficient in these projections and also exhibited relatively low levels of trichohyalin, a possible contributor to or marker for the hid phenotype.
Collapse
|