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Kiselev A, Park S. Immune niches for hair follicle development and homeostasis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1397067. [PMID: 38711955 PMCID: PMC11070776 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1397067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle is a dynamic mini-organ that has specialized cycles and architectures with diverse cell types to form hairs. Previous studies for several decades have investigated morphogenesis and signaling pathways during embryonic development and adult hair cycles in both mouse and human skin. In particular, hair follicle stem cells and mesenchymal niches received major attention as key players, and their roles and interactions were heavily revealed. Although resident and circulating immune cells affect cellular function and interactions in the skin, research on immune cells has mainly received attention on diseases rather than development or homeostasis. Recently, many studies have suggested the functional roles of diverse immune cells as a niche for hair follicles. Here, we will review recent findings about immune niches for hair follicles and provide insight into mechanisms of hair growth and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kiselev
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sangbum Park
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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2
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Howell R, Davies J, Clarke MA, Appios A, Mesquita I, Jayal Y, Ringham-Terry B, Boned Del Rio I, Fisher J, Bennett CL. Localized immune surveillance of primary melanoma in the skin deciphered through executable modeling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd1992. [PMID: 37043573 PMCID: PMC10096595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
While skin is a site of active immune surveillance, primary melanomas often escape detection. Here, we have developed an in silico model to determine the local cross-talk between melanomas and Langerhans cells (LCs), the primary antigen-presenting cells at the site of melanoma development. The model predicts that melanomas fail to activate LC migration to lymph nodes until tumors reach a critical size, which is determined by a positive TNF-α feedback loop within melanomas, in line with our observations of murine tumors. In silico drug screening, supported by subsequent experimental testing, shows that treatment of primary tumors with MAPK pathway inhibitors may further prevent LC migration. In addition, our in silico model predicts treatment combinations that bypass LC dysfunction. In conclusion, our combined approach of in silico and in vivo studies suggests a molecular mechanism that explains how early melanomas develop under the radar of immune surveillance by LC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew A. Clarke
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Anna Appios
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Inês Mesquita
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yashoda Jayal
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ben Ringham-Terry
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Isabel Boned Del Rio
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Hou DD, Wang XX, Li SJ, Wang DC, Niu Y, Xu ZR, Jin ZQ. Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses atopic dermatitis-like symptoms by regulating the immune balance. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:7090-7099. [PMID: 36099014 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicines in China. Its main bioactive ingredient glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has the potential to be used as a treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) because it has similar actions to steroids, but with relatively few side effects. AIMS The objective of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms of GA on AD mice model. METHODS Calcipotriol, a vitamin D3 analogue (MC903) was applied topically to establish AD mouse model. Mice were intraperitoneally administrated with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX), 25 or 50 mg/kg GA for 15 days. After mice were executed, skin tissues were collected and detected the expression levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). The percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17, langerhans cells (LCs) in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that GA improved the symptoms of AD by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic functions in vivo. We found that GA treatment decreased the level of total IgE in serum, suppressed ear swelling, reduced the infiltration of mast cells in skin lesions and decreased expressions of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TSLP in skin lesions. Furthermore, our experimental results demonstrated that GA suppressed the Th1/Th2/Th17-immune responses in the dLNs, inhibited the migration of LCs in dLNs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings suggested potential therapeutic effects of GA against MC903-induced AD-like skin lesions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Dong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Si-Jia Li
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Cheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical Institute, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Niu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Dudakovic A, Jerez S, Deosthale PJ, Denbeigh JM, Paradise CR, Gluscevic M, Zan P, Begun DL, Camilleri ET, Pichurin O, Khani F, Thaler R, Lian JB, Stein GS, Westendorf JJ, Plotkin LI, van Wijnen AJ. MicroRNA-101a enhances trabecular bone accrual in male mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13361. [PMID: 35922466 PMCID: PMC9349183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput microRNA sequencing was performed during differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to develop working hypotheses for specific microRNAs that control osteogenesis. The expression data show that miR-101a, which targets the mRNAs for the epigenetic enzyme Ezh2 and many other proteins, is highly upregulated during osteoblast differentiation and robustly expressed in mouse calvaria. Transient elevation of miR-101a suppresses Ezh2 levels, reduces tri-methylation of lysine 27 in histone 3 (H3K27me3; a heterochromatic mark catalyzed by Ezh2), and accelerates mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. We also examined skeletal phenotypes of an inducible miR-101a transgene under direct control of doxycycline administration. Experimental controls and mir-101a over-expressing mice were exposed to doxycycline in utero and postnatally (up to 8 weeks of age) to maximize penetrance of skeletal phenotypes. Male mice that over-express miR-101a have increased total body weight and longer femora. MicroCT analysis indicate that these mice have increased trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness with reduced trabecular spacing as compared to controls. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrates a significant reduction in osteoid volume to bone volume and osteoid surface to bone surface. Remarkably, while female mice also exhibit a significant increase in bone length, no significant changes were noted by microCT (trabecular bone parameters) and histomorphometry (osteoid parameters). Hence, miR-101a upregulation during osteoblast maturation and the concomitant reduction in Ezh2 mediated H3K27me3 levels may contribute to the enhanced trabecular bone parameters in male mice. However, the sex-specific effect of miR-101a indicates that more intricate epigenetic mechanisms mediate physiological control of bone formation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Padmini J Deosthale
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martina Gluscevic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pengfei Zan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dana L Begun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in regulating feather growth of embryonic chicks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2315-2323. [PMID: 32359566 PMCID: PMC7597444 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian feathers have robust growth and regeneration capability and serve as a useful model for decoding hair morphogenesis and other developmental studies. However, the molecular signaling involved in regulating the development of feather follicles is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating feather morphogenesis in embryonic chicks through in ovo injection of different doses of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1, a specific inhibitor of the target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway). A total of 120 fertilized embryo eggs were randomly divided into 4 treatments, including a noninjection group (control group) and groups injected with 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/egg (PBS control group), 100 μL of PBS/egg containing 600-ng DKK1/egg (600-ng DKK1 group), and 100-μL PBS/egg containing 1,200-ng DKK1/egg (1,200-ng DKK1 group). Feathers and skin tissues were sampled on embryonic (E) day 15 and the day of hatching to examine the feather mass, diameter and density of feather follicles, and the protein expression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results showed that, compared with CON and PBS treatment, the injection of DKK1 into the yolk sac of chick embryos had no significant effect on the hatching rate and embryo weight (P > 0.05), while it significantly decreased the relative mass of feathers in the whole body (P < 0.05). The high dose of DKK1 (1,200-ng DKK1/egg) decreased the relative mass of feathers on the back, chest, belly, neck, wings, head, and legs, which was more obvious than that in the 600-ng DKK1 group, which presented a dose-dependent effect. In addition, DKK1 injection significantly downregulated the protein expression levels of β-catenin, transcription factor 4, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc (P < 0.05). The immunofluorescence result of β-catenin was consistent with the Western blotting assay results. Altogether, these observations suggested that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in regulating feather follicle development and feather growth during the embryonic development of chicks.
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Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Schoen J, Heger L, Dudziak D. Transcriptional control of dendritic cell development and functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:55-151. [PMID: 31759434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of adaptive immunity, as they are not only capable to induce efficient immune responses, but are also crucial to maintain peripheral tolerance and thereby inhibit autoimmune reactions. DCs bridge the innate and the adaptive immune system by presenting peptides of self and foreign antigens as peptide MHC complexes to T cells. These properties render DCs as interesting target cells for immunomodulatory therapies in cancer, but also autoimmune diseases. Several subsets of DCs with special properties and functions have been described. Recent achievements in understanding transcriptional programs on single cell level, together with the generation of new murine models targeting specific DC subsets, advanced our current understanding of DC development and function. Thus, DCs arise from precursor cells in the bone marrow with distinct progenitor cell populations splitting the monocyte populations and macrophage populations from the DC lineage, which upon lineage commitment can be separated into conventional cDC1, cDC2, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The DC populations harbor intrinsic programs enabling them to react for specific pathogens in dependency on the DC subset, and thereby orchestrate T cell immune responses. Similarities, but also varieties, between human and murine DC subpopulations are challenging, and will require further investigation of human specimens under consideration of the influence of the tissue micromilieu and DC subset localization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Microparticles produced by human papillomavirus type 16 E7-expressing cells impair antigen presenting cell function and the cytotoxic T cell response. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2373. [PMID: 29402982 PMCID: PMC5799164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk, cancer-causing human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause infections of the epidermis that may progress to cancer, including cervical cancer. Viral persistence, contributed to by viral evasion of the host immune response, is associated with the likelihood of cancer developing. Langerhans cells (LCs) are the only professional antigen presenting cells located in the epidermis, therefore may influence the antiviral immune response. Microparticles, or microvesicles, are small membrane particles shed by cells that can exert effects on other cells at both a local and systemic level. We found increased numbers of microparticles were shed from human or mouse keratinocytes expressing the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein, compared with control keratinocytes. Co-culture of LCs with microparticles from E7-expressing cells suppressed the cytotoxic T cell response. We attributed this, at least in part, to the reduction in surface of CD40 and intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 p40 subunit that we measured in the LCs. The evidence provided here shows that co-culture of E7-microparticles with LCs inhibits antigen-specific cytotoxicity. This is an important finding, suggesting that microparticles from HPV-infected cells could suppress the T cell response by regulating LCs, potentially contributing to persistence of HPV infection and cancer.
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Mu F, Rong E, Jing Y, Yang H, Ma G, Yan X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li H, Wang N. Structural Characterization and Association of Ovine Dickkopf-1 Gene with Wool Production and Quality Traits in Chinese Merino. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E400. [PMID: 29261127 PMCID: PMC5748718 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling pathway and regulates hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. To investigate the potential involvement of DKK1 in wool production and quality traits, we characterized the genomic structure of ovine DKK1, performed polymorphism detection and association analysis of ovine DKK1 with wool production and quality traits in Chinese Merino. Our results showed that ovine DKK1 consists of four exons and three introns, which encodes a protein of 262 amino acids. The coding sequence of ovine DKK1 and its deduced amino acid sequence were highly conserved in mammals. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within the ovine DKK1 genomic region. Gene-wide association analysis showed that SNP5 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter (MFD) in the B (selected for long wool fiber and high-quality wool), PW (selected for high reproductive capacity, high clean wool yield and high-quality wool) and U (selected for long wool fiber with good uniformity, high wool yield and lower fiber diameter) strains (p < 4.55 × 10-3 = 0.05/11). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms wide association analysis showed that SNP8 was significantly associated with MFD in A strain and fleece weight in A (selected for large body size), PM (selected for large body size, high reproductive capacity and high meat yield) and SF (selected for mean fiber diameter less than 18 μm and wool fiber length between 5 and 9 cm) strains (p < 0.05), SNP9 was significantly associated with curvature in B and U strains (p < 0.05) and SNP10 was significantly associated with coefficient of variation of fiber diameter in A, PW and PM strains and standard deviation of fiber diameter in A and PM strains (p < 0.05). The haplotypes derived from these 11 identified SNPs were significantly associated with MFD (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that DKK1 may be a major gene controlling wool production and quality traits, also the identified SNPs (SNPs5, 8, 9 and 10) might be used as potential molecular markers for improving sheep wool production and quality in sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Enguang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Guangwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding at Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction at Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.
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Generation of mouse and human dendritic cells in vitro. J Immunol Methods 2016; 432:24-9. [PMID: 26876301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) that can orchestrate immune responses and maintain host homeostasis, are indispensable components of the immune system. Although distributed widely in many lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, their rarity in number has become a limiting factor for DC related research and therapies. Therefore, methods for efficiently generating large numbers of DC resembling their in vivo counterparts are urgently needed for DC related research and therapies. Herein we summarize the current methods for generating mouse and human DC in vitro and hope that these will facilitate both studies of DC biology and their clinical applications.
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Sparber F. Langerhans cells: an update. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015; 12:1107-11. [PMID: 25482693 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells belong to the family of dendritic cells, professional antigen-presenting cells, and populate the skin and epithelia of mammals. It was the extensive investigation of this particular dendritic cell subpopulation in earlier days, which contributed crucially to the current understanding of the regulation of antigen processing and presentation, a concept, which was termed "the Langerhans cell paradigm". Extensive research during the last decades has revealed that Langerhans cells might not only be involved in the induction of adaptive immune responses but also in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance in order to prevent auto-immunity. In addition it appeared that Langerhans cells represent a rather extravagant dendritic cell population with a unique origin and homeostatic regulation. This review highlights the most important findings about Langerhans cell ontogeny and homeostasis as well as their function in the immune system.
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Sparber F, Tripp CH, Komenda K, Scheffler JM, Clausen BE, Huber LA, Romani N, Stoitzner P. The late endosomal adaptor molecule p14 (LAMTOR2) regulates TGFβ1-mediated homeostasis of Langerhans cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:119-129. [PMID: 25078666 PMCID: PMC4285575 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs), a sub-population of dendritic cells (DCs) in the skin, participate in the regulation of immunity and peripheral tolerance. The adaptor molecule p14 is part of the late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activator/regulator (LAMTOR) complex, which mediates the activation of lysosome-associated extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) and the mTOR cascade. In previous work, we demonstrated that CD11c-specific deficiency of p14 disrupts LC homeostasis by affecting the LAMTOR-mediated ERK and mTOR signaling. In this study, we extended our analysis on p14 deficiency specifically in LCs. Langerin-specific ablation of p14 caused a complete loss of LCs, accompanied by an increased maturational phenotype of LCs. The absence of LCs in p14-deficient mice reduced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses to the contact sensitizer trinitrochlorobenzene. Analysis using bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) revealed that p14 deficiency in DCs/LCs interfered with the LC-relevant transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) pathway, by lowering TGFβ receptor II expression on BMDCs and LCs, as well as surface binding of TGFβ1 on BMDCs. We conclude that p14 deficiency affects TGFβ1 sensitivity of LCs, which is mandatory for their homeostasis and subsequently for their immunological function during CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sparber
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph H Tripp
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kerstin Komenda
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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12
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Sparber F. Langerhans-Zellen: ein Update. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12506_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Chopin M, Nutt SL. Establishing and maintaining the Langerhans cell network. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 41:23-9. [PMID: 24513231 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are the unique antigen-presenting cell of the epidermis. LCs have long been depicted in textbooks as the archetypical dendritic cell that alerts the immune system upon pathogen induced skin barrier breakage, however recent findings argue instead for a more tolerogenic function. While the LCs that populate the epidermis in steady-state arise from progenitors that seed the skin during embryogenesis, it is now apparent that a second pathway generating LCs from a bone marrow derived progenitor is active in inflammatory settings. This review emphasizes the determinants underpinning the establishment of the LC network in steady-state and under inflammatory conditions, as well as the transcriptional machinery governing their differentiation. The dual origin of LCs raises important questions about the functional differences between these subsets in balancing the epidermal immune response between immunity and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Chopin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Chopin M, Seillet C, Chevrier S, Wu L, Wang H, Morse HC, Belz GT, Nutt SL. Langerhans cells are generated by two distinct PU.1-dependent transcriptional networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2967-80. [PMID: 24249112 PMCID: PMC3865480 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell homeostasis and differentiation depends on PU.1, the latter via regulation of TGF-β–dependent binding of PU.1 to the regulatory elements of RUNX3. Langerhans cells (LCs) are the unique dendritic cells found in the epidermis. While a great deal of attention has focused on defining the developmental origins of LCs, reports addressing the transcriptional network ruling their differentiation remain sparse. We addressed the function of a group of key DC transcription factors—PU.1, ID2, IRF4, and IRF8—in the establishment of the LC network. We show that although steady-state LC homeostasis depends on PU.1 and ID2, the latter is dispensable for bone marrow–derived LCs. PU.1 controls LC differentiation by regulating the expression of the critical TGF-β responsive transcription factor RUNX3. PU.1 directly binds to the Runx3 regulatory elements in a TGF-β–dependent manner, whereas ectopic expression of RUNX3 rescued LC differentiation in the absence of PU.1 and promoted LC differentiation from PU.1-sufficient progenitors. These findings highlight the dual molecular network underlying LC differentiation, and show the central role of PU.1 in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Chopin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Van den Bossche J, Van Ginderachter JA. E-cadherin: from epithelial glue to immunological regulator. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:34-7. [PMID: 23229729 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is best known as a central molecule in adherens junctions, joining adjacent epithelial cells together, thereby safeguarding epithelial barrier function. However, recent findings have uncovered an immunological role for this adhesion molecule, linked to its expression in dendritic cells (DCs) and alternatively activated macrophages (MPHs) and its impact on intracellular signaling pathways. In this respect, E-cadherin has been shown to influence the immunogenicity/tolerogenicity of DCs through the regulation of β-catenin functionality. For Langerhans cells (LCs), the DC type found in the skin epidermis, E-cadherin is known to mediate interactions with keratinocytes (KCs), thereby immobilizing immature LCs in the epidermis and preventing their maturation. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study by Mayumi et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2013. 43: 270-280] now describes a role for E-cadherin in the final steps of LC differentiation from human peripheral blood monocytes. Although TGF-β induces LC-like cells, these intermediates still express the dermal DC marker DC-SIGN along with Langerin; E-cadherin ligation is sufficient to induce the full LC phenotype in these cells. Here, we place these findings in the context of current knowledge and propose new avenues for future research.
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