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Quadri M, Baudouin C, Lotti R, Palazzo E, Campanini L, Bernard FX, Bellemere G, Pincelli C, Marconi A. Characterization of Skin Interfollicular Stem Cells and Early Transit Amplifying Cells during the Transition from Infants to Young Children. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5635. [PMID: 38891823 PMCID: PMC11171949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the interfollicular epidermis, keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) generate a short-lived population of transit amplifying (TA) cells that undergo terminal differentiation after several cell divisions. Recently, we isolated and characterized a highly proliferative keratinocyte cell population, named "early" TA (ETA) cell, representing the first KSC progenitor with exclusive features. This work aims to evaluate epidermis, with a focus on KSC and ETA cells, during transition from infancy to childhood. Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) generated from infant keratinocytes is more damaged by UV irradiation, as compared to RHE from young children. Moreover, the expression of several differentiation and barrier genes increases with age, while the expression of genes related to stemness is reduced from infancy to childhood. The proliferation rate of KSC and ETA cells is higher in cells derived from infants' skin samples than of those derived from young children, as well as the capacity of forming colonies is more pronounced in KSC derived from infants than from young children's skin samples. Finally, infants-KSC show the greatest regenerative capacity in skin equivalents, while young children ETA cells express higher levels of differentiation markers, as compared to infants-ETA. KSC and ETA cells undergo substantial changes during transition from infancy to childhood. The study presents a novel insight into pediatric skin, and sheds light on the correlation between age and structural maturation of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Roberta Lotti
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Letizia Campanini
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Gaëlle Bellemere
- Expanscience Laboratoires, 28230 Eprernon, France; (C.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.Q.); (E.P.); (C.P.); (A.M.)
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Tampouratzi E, Asonitis K, Katsantonis J, Talaiporou K, Sfaelos K. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of survivin in peripheral blood of patients with non-melanoma skin cancers. A pilot study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2023; 34:2147390. [PMID: 36369849 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2147390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Asonitis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - John Katsantonis
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tzaneio General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Talaiporou
- Department of Business Administration, University of Western Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Sfaelos
- Department of Skin & Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Golebiewski C, Gastaldi C, Vieu DL, Mari B, Rezzonico R, Bernerd F, Marionnet C. Identification and functional validation of SRC and RAPGEF1 as new direct targets of miR-203, involved in regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14006. [PMID: 37635193 PMCID: PMC10460794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is mostly composed of keratinocytes and forms a protecting barrier against external aggressions and dehydration. Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by a fine-tuned balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. In the regulation of this process, the keratinocyte-specific miR-203 microRNA is of the outmost importance as it promotes differentiation, notably by directly targeting and down-regulating mRNA expression of genes involved in keratinocyte proliferation, such as ΔNp63, Skp2 and Msi2. We aimed at identifying new miR-203 targets involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation balance. To this end, a transcriptome analysis of human primary keratinocytes overexpressing miR-203 was performed and revealed that miR-203 overexpression inhibited functions like proliferation, mitosis and cell cycling, and activated differentiation, apoptosis and cell death. Among the down-regulated genes, 24 putative target mRNAs were identified and 8 of them were related to proliferation. We demonstrated that SRC and RAPGEF1 were direct targets of miR-203. Moreover, both were down-regulated during epidermal morphogenesis in a 3D reconstructed skin model, while miR-203 was up-regulated. Finally silencing experiments showed that SRC or RAPGEF1 contributed to keratinocyte proliferation and regulated their differentiation. Preliminary results suggest their involvement in skin carcinoma hyperproliferation. Altogether this data indicates that RAPGEF1 and SRC could be new mediators of miR-203 in epidermal homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Gastaldi
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- LIA BAHN, CSM-UVSQ, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Roger Rezzonico
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
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Aksoy Saraç G, Kader S, Akdağ T. Elevated survivin levels in patients with acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1744-1748. [PMID: 35037363 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease of the pilosebaceous unit. As the most common skin disease, it may affect approximately 85% of the young population. Survivin, a member of the inhibitors of the apoptosis (IAP) gene family, can inhibit apoptosis and regulate cell division and proliferation. In the study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of serum survivin in acne vulgaris. METHODS Forty individuals who were diagnosed with acne vulgaris and forty healthy subjects as the control group were enrolled in the study. Venous blood samples were collected from each participant, and the serum levels of survivin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. RESULTS The serum survivin levels were statistically significant between the groups, and the levels of survivin were measured as acne vulgaris patients group 153.44 and control group 104.17 pg/ml, respectively (p < 0.018). When the serum survivin levels were compared according to gender, females had higher levels of survivin than the males (168.16 versus 50.45 pg/mL, p = 0.001). A significant correlation was found between acne severity (p = 0.017) and Scale for Acne Scar severity (SCAR-S) score (p = 0.001) according to the survivin levels. In terms of age, no significant relationship was found between age and survivin (p = 0.4048). CONCLUSION Elevated serum levels of survivin were determined in acne vulgaris. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between acne stage and SCAR-S score according to survivin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Aksoy Saraç
- Department of Dermatology, Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadet Kader
- Karapınar State Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory Karapınar, Konya, Turkey
| | - Turan Akdağ
- Meram Vocational School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Ali SA, Kadry MO, Hammam O, Hassan SA, Abdel-Megeed RM. Ki-67 pulmonary immunoreactivity in silver nanoparticles toxicity: Size-rate dependent genotoxic impact. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1813-1822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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Lingam HT, Swetha P, Manyam R. Immunohistochemical evaluation of survivin in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma - a retrospective study. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:341-347. [PMID: 34430856 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral cancer is a multistep process involving enhanced activation of proto-oncogenes. Survivin (anti-apoptotic protein) is one of such proto-oncogenes that contribute to the carcinogenesis by deregulating cell proliferation. Expression of these proteins in cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions helps a better understanding of the etiology, treatment and prognosis. Aim To evaluate qualitative and quantitative expression of survivin in healthy mucosa, oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods A total of 70 cases of formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks, of which 20 healthy mucosa, 20 OSCC and 30 OLP were included in the study and stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against survivin monoclonal antibody. 4 μm sections were stained immunohistochemically, both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was considered as positive for surviving. Positive and negative stained cells were counted with the help of Olympus BX51 rarefaction microscope and were analyzed quantitatively using image analysis pro plus software. Representative fields were randomly selected at 40× high power magnification. Values obtained were evaluated and tabulated for statistical analysis. Results There was a statistically significant relation between the expressions of survivin among healthy mucosa, OLP, OSCC with a p value of 0.001. Conclusion Presence of survivin expression in healthy mucosa, OLP and OSCC, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, can be identified as a useful diagnostic tool for the identification of precancerous lesions and conditions which are at higher risk for progression into invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tejaswi Lingam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Swetha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravikanth Manyam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Benaiges E, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Madeira A, Bosch R, Núñez-Roa C, Ejarque M, Maymó-Masip E, Huber-Ruano I, Lejeune M, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Survivin drives tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming: a novel mechanism with potential impact for obesity. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:777-792. [PMID: 33710603 PMCID: PMC8338861 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies point to adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as a link between obesity and cancer. We aimed to determine whether survivin, which is highly secreted by ASCs from subjects with obesity, might drive a pro-tumoral phenotype in macrophages. METHODS The effect of ASC conditioned medium on the macrophage phenotype was assessed by expression studies. Survivin intracellular localization and internalization were examined by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, respectively. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were performed using adenoviral vectors, and gene expression patterns, migration and invasion capacities of cancer cells were examined. Heterotypic cultures of ASCs, macrophages and cancer cells were established to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Survivin-blocking experiments were used to determine the impact of survivin on both macrophages and cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of survivin was performed in macrophages from ascitic fluids of cancer patients and healthy controls. RESULTS We found that obese-derived ASCs induced a phenotypic switch in macrophages characterized by the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Macrophages were found to internalize extracellular survivin, generating hybrid macrophages with a tumor-associated phenotype that included secretion of survivin. Exogenous expression of survivin in macrophages generated a similar phenotype and enhanced the malignant characteristics of cancer cells by a mechanism dependent on survivin phosphorylation at threonine 34. Survivin secreted by both ASCs from subjects with obesity and tumor-associated macrophages synergistically boosted the malignancy of cancer cells. Importantly, survivin was mainly detected in ascites-associated macrophages from patients with a malignant diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that survivin may serve as a molecular link between obesity and cancer and as a novel marker for tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Benaiges
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - V Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Madeira
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bosch
- Grup de Recerca en Patologia Oncològica i Bioinformàtica, Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, 43500, Tortosa, Spain
| | - C Núñez-Roa
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ejarque
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Maymó-Masip
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Huber-Ruano
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Lejeune
- Grup de Recerca en Patologia Oncològica i Bioinformàtica, Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, 43500, Tortosa, Spain
| | - J Vendrell
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - S Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Survivin is one of the rare proteins that is differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells and is directly or indirectly involved in numerous pathways required for tumor maintenance. It is expressed in almost all cancers and its expression has been detected at early stages of cancer. These traits make survivin an exceptionally attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Even with these promising features to be an oncotherapeutic target, there has been limited success in the clinical trials targeting survivin. Only recently it has emerged that survivin was not being specifically targeted which could have resulted in the negative clinical outcome. Also, focus of research has now shifted from survivin expression in the overall heterogeneous tumor cell populations to survivin expression in cancer stem cells as these cells have proved to be the major drivers of tumors. Therefore, in this review we have analyzed the expression of survivin in normal and cancer cells with a particular focus on its expression in cancer stem cell compartment. We have discussed the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of survivin. We have explored the current development status of various types of interventions for inhibition of survivin. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges involving the development of potent and specific survivin inhibitors for cancer therapeutics. Finally we have given insights for some of the promising future anticancer treatments.
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Charpentier M, Gutierrez C, Guillaudeux T, Verhoest G, Pedeux R. Noninvasive Urine-Based Tests to Diagnose or Detect Recurrence of Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071650. [PMID: 33916038 PMCID: PMC8036846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies are increasingly used for the diagnosis and follow-up of cancer patients. Urine is a body fluid that can be used to detect cancers and others diseases. It is noninvasive and easy to collect. To detect Bladder Cancer (BC), cytology is the first assay used. It is an effective way to detect high grade BC but has a high rate of equivocal results, especially for low grade BC. Furthermore, cystoscopy is used to confirm cytology results and to determine cancer status. Cystoscopy is also effective but highly invasive, and not well accepted by patients, especially for BC follow-up. In this review we survey the numerous assays recently developed in order to diagnose BC at an early stage, and to facilitate the follow-up of patients. We discuss their effectiveness, ease of use, and applications. Finally, we discuss assays that, in the future, could improve the diagnosis and management of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Charpentier
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Charly Gutierrez
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Grégory Verhoest
- Department of Urology, CHU RENNES, Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France;
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-223-234-702
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Angelin D, Nair BJ. Comparative evaluation of survivin expression in leukoplakia, lichen planus, and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. J Cancer Res Ther 2020; 16:569-574. [PMID: 32719269 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_421_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and oral premalignant lesions may decrease the devastating morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. This has led to widespread research for the identification of molecular-based biomarkers. Among them, survivin is a recently characterized protein which is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. The aim of this study is evaluating the expression of survivin in oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and OSCC compared with normal mucosa. Materials and Methods The retrospective study consisted of twenty cases of oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and OSCC in the age group of 20-70 years. Twenty cases of normal mucosa made up the control group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the use of survivin polyclonal antibody. Grades of expression of survivin were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. Results The expression of survivin was higher in OSCC (80%) when compared to oral leukoplakia (70%), oral lichen planus (45%), and normal mucosa (35%). The variation in the expression of survivin between the samples was statistically significant with P = 0.015 (Kruskal-Wallis test significant at 0.01 level). Conclusion It is concluded that survivin can be identified as a useful tool for the identification of potentially malignant disorders at higher risk for progression into invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Angelin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bindu J Nair
- Dr. Vivek's Dental Clinic, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Zanfi ED, Fantini S, Lotti R, Bertesi M, Marconi A, Grande A, Manfredini R, Pincelli C, Zanocco-Marani T. Wnt/CTNNB1 Signal Transduction Pathway Inhibits the Expression of ZFP36 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma, by Inducing Transcriptional Repressors SNAI1, SLUG and TWIST. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165692. [PMID: 32784485 PMCID: PMC7461120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway is often deregulated in epithelial tumors. The ZFP36 gene, encoding the mRNA binding protein Tristetraprolin (TTP), is downregulated in several cancers, where it has been described to behave as a tumor suppressor. By this report, we show that Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway is constitutively activated, and ZFP36 expression is downregulated in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) cell lines compared to normal keratinocytes. Moreover, we suggest that the decrease of ZFP36 expression might depend on the activity of transcriptional repressors SNAI1, SLUG and TWIST, whose expression is induced by Wnt/CTNNB1, highlighting a potential regulatory mechanism underlying ZFP36 downregulation in epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma D. Zanfi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Sebastian Fantini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Lotti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.L.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Matteo Bertesi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.L.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Alexis Grande
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.L.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Tommaso Zanocco-Marani
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Bernardo PS, Lemos LGT, de Moraes GN, Maia RC. Unraveling survivin expression in chronic myeloid leukemia: Molecular interactions and clinical implications. Blood Rev 2020; 43:100671. [PMID: 32107072 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the BCR-ABL oncoprotein, known to drive leukemogenesis by orchestrating multiple signaling pathways ultimately involved in cell survival. Despite successful response rates of CML patients to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), resistance eventually arises due to BCR-ABL-dependent and independent mechanisms. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein acting in the interface between apoptosis deregulation and cell cycle progression. In CML, high levels of survivin have been associated with late stages of disease and therapy resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of important aspects concerning survivin subcellular localization and expression pattern in CML patients and cell lines. Moreover, we highlight the relevance of molecular networks involving survivin for disease progression and treatment resistance. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms accounting for survivin overexpression, as well as novel therapeutic interventions that have been designed to counteract survivin-associated malignancy in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sabbo Bernardo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Program of Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lauana Greicy Tonon Lemos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Program of Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nestal de Moraes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Program of Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ciuvalschi Maia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Program of Molecular Hemato-Oncology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Stobiecka M, Ratajczak K, Jakiela S. Toward early cancer detection: Focus on biosensing systems and biosensors for an anti-apoptotic protein survivin and survivin mRNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:58-71. [PMID: 31078841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of biosensors for cancer biomarkers has recently been expanding rapidly, offering promising biomedical applications of these sensors as highly sensitive, selective, and inexpensive bioanalytical tools that can provide alternative methodology to that afforded by the advanced hyphenated-instrumental techniques. In this review, we focus particularly on the detection of a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family, protein survivin (Sur), a ubiquitous re-organizer of the cell life cycle with the ability to inhibit the apoptosis and induce an enhanced proliferation leading to the unimpeded cancer growth and metastasis. Herein, we critically evaluate the progress in the development of novel biosensing systems and biosensors for the detection of two survivin (Sur) biomarkers: the Sur protein and its messenger RNA (Sur mRNA), including immunosensors, electrochemical piezo- and impedance-sensors, electrochemi-luminescence biosensors, genosensors based on oligonucleotide molecular beacons (MBs) with fluorescent or electrochemical transduction, as well as the microfluidic and related analytical platforms based on solution chemistry. The in-situ applications of survivin biomarkers' detection technologies to equip nanocarriers of the controlled drug delivery systems with MB-based fluorescence imaging capability, apoptosis control, and mitigation of the acquired drug resistance are also presented and critically evaluated. Finally, we turn the attention to the application of biosensors for the analysis of Sur biomarkers in exosomes and circulating tumor cells for a non-invasive liquid biopsy. The prospect of a widespread screening for early cancers, based on inexpensive point-of-care testing using biosensors and multiplex biosensor arrays, as a means of reducing the high cancer fatality rate, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Mahmoudi MB, Farashahi Yazd E, Gharibdoost F, Sheikhha MH, Karimizadeh E, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Overexpression of apoptosis-related protein, survivin, in fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis. Ir J Med Sci 2019; 188:1443-1449. [PMID: 30761457 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-01978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Recent studies suggest that, in addition to activation and hypersecretion of matrix components, fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are resistant to apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that survivin, a member of inhibition of apoptosis (IAP) family, plays an important role in apoptosis resistance. Accordingly, we decided to study the expression of the most important members of IAP family in SSc fibroblasts, which can block apoptosis either by binding and inhibiting caspases or through caspase-independent mechanisms. METHOD Skin biopsy samples were obtained from 19 patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (DcSSc) and 16 healthy controls. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured and the total RNA was isolated from cells followed by cDNA synthesis. Real-time PCR was performed using SYBR Green PCR master mix and specific primers for cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP, and Survivin mRNA quantification. RESULTS A significantly increased expression level of Survivin was observed in fibroblasts from SSc patients compared to controls (2.26-fold, P = 0.04). However, mRNA expression of cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP did not change significantly between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that survivin is upregulated in SSc skin fibroblast which may lead to resistance to apoptosis. Further studies should be performed to reveal the role of survivin in apoptosis pathway of SSc fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Mahmoudi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Farashahi Yazd
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhad Gharibdoost
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elham Karimizadeh
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Polymeric nanoparticles promote endocytosis of a survivin molecular beacon: Localization and fate of nanoparticles and beacon in human A549 cells. Life Sci 2018; 215:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Gonda A, Kabagwira J, Senthil GN, Ferguson Bennit HR, Neidigh JW, Khan S, Wall NR. Exosomal survivin facilitates vesicle internalization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34919-34934. [PMID: 30405884 PMCID: PMC6201849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family plays a significant role in cell fate and function. It is significantly overexpressed in tumor cells and has been identified in most cancer cell types. A novel extracellular population has recently been identified and its function is still unknown. Emerging evidence continues to shed light on the important role the tumor microenvironment (TME) has on tumor survival and progression. This new population of survivin has been seen to enhance the tumor phenotype when internalized by recipient cells. In this paper, we sought to better understand the mechanism by which survivin is taken up by cancer cells and the possible role it plays in this phenomenon. We isolated the exosomal carriers of extracellular survivin and using a lipophilic stain, PKH67, we tracked their uptake with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We found that by blocking exosomal survivin, exosome internalization is reduced, signifying a novel function for this protein. We also discovered that the common membrane receptors, transferrin receptor, endothelin B receptor, insulin receptor alpha, and membrane glucocorticoid receptor all facilitate exosomal internalization. This understanding further clarifies the protein-protein interactions in the TME that may influence tumor progression and identifies additional potential chemotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Gonda
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Girish N. Senthil
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Heather R. Ferguson Bennit
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Neidigh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R. Wall
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
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Preparation of A Spaceflight: Apoptosis Search in Sutured Wound Healing Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122604. [PMID: 29207508 PMCID: PMC5751207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To prepare the ESA (European Space Agency) spaceflight project “Wound healing and Sutures in Unloading Conditions”, we studied mechanisms of apoptosis in wound healing models based on ex vivo skin tissue cultures, kept for 10 days alive in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, hydrocortisone, insulin, ascorbic acid and antibiotics at 32 °C. The overall goal is to test: (i) the viability of tissue specimens; (ii) the gene expression of activators and inhibitors of apoptosis and extracellular matrix components in wound and suture models; and (iii) to design analytical protocols for future tissue specimens after post-spaceflight download. Hematoxylin-Eosin and Elastica-van-Gieson staining showed a normal skin histology with no signs of necrosis in controls and showed a normal wound suture. TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling for detecting DNA fragmentation revealed no significant apoptosis. No activation of caspase-3 protein was detectable. FASL, FADD, CASP3, CASP8, CASP10, BAX, BCL2, CYC1, APAF1, LAMA3 and SPP1 mRNAs were not altered in epidermis and dermis samples with and without a wound compared to 0 day samples (specimens investigated directly post-surgery). BIRC5, CASP9, and FN1 mRNAs were downregulated in epidermis/dermis samples with and/or without a wound compared to 0 day samples. BIRC2, BIRC3 were upregulated in 10 day wound samples compared to 0 day samples in epidermis/dermis. RELA/FAS mRNAs were elevated in 10 day wound and no wound samples compared to 0 day samples in dermis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that it is possible to maintain live skin tissue cultures for 10 days. The viability analysis showed no significant signs of cell death in wound and suture models. The gene expression analysis demonstrated the interplay of activators and inhibitors of apoptosis and extracellular matrix components, thereby describing important features in ex vivo sutured wound healing models. Collectively, the performed methods defining analytical protocols proved to be applicable for post-flight analyzes of tissue specimens after sample return.
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Khan Z, Khan AA, Yadav H, Prasad GBKS, Bisen PS. Survivin, a molecular target for therapeutic interventions in squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:8. [PMID: 28536639 PMCID: PMC5415770 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. The treatment of locally advanced disease generally requires various combinations of radiotherapy, surgery, and systemic therapy. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, most of the patients relapse. Identification of molecules that sustain cancer cell growth and survival has made molecular targeting a feasible therapeutic strategy. Survivin is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family, which is overexpressed in most of the malignancies including SCC and totally absent in most of the normal tissues. This feature makes survivin an ideal target for cancer therapy. It orchestrates several important mechanisms to support cancer cell survival including inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell division. Overexpression of survivin in tumors is also associated with poor prognosis, aggressive tumor behavior, resistance to therapy, and high tumor recurrence. Various strategies have been developed to target survivin expression in cancer cells, and their effects on apoptosis induction and tumor growth attenuation have been demonstrated. In this review, we discuss recent advances in therapeutic potential of survivin in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Khan
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474001 MP India.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariom Yadav
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | - Prakash Singh Bisen
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474001 MP India
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Survivin as a Novel Biomarker in the Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris and Its Correlation to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:7040312. [PMID: 27803511 PMCID: PMC5075610 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has an important role in cell cycle regulation. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone with wide range of biologic effects including stimulation of lipogenesis in sebaceous glands. Their overexpression in some fibrotic disorders suggests a possible implication of both IGF-I and survivin in the pathogenesis of acne and/or acne scars. The current study aimed to assess and correlate serum levels of IGF-I and survivin in patients with active acne vulgaris and postinflammatory acne scars and to evaluate their lesional expressions in comparison to healthy controls. Serum IGF-I and survivin were estimated using commercially available ELISA kits and their tissues expressions were investigated using Western blotting. Our findings suggest that IGF-I and survivin could play potential roles in the pathogenesis of active acne vulgaris and more importantly in postinflammatory acne scars with significant positive correlation coefficient between serum levels of IGF-I and survivin which support IGF-I-/PI3K-/AKT-mediated downregulation of nuclear expression of FoxO transcription factors resulting in enhanced survivin expression.
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20
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Labarrade F, Botto JM, Domloge N. CRM1 and chromosomal passenger complex component survivin are essential to normal mitosis progress and to preserve keratinocytes from mitotic abnormalities. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:452-61. [PMID: 26859314 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human epidermis provides the body a barrier against environmental assaults. To assume this function, the epidermis needs the renewal of keratinocytes allowed by constant mitosis, which replace the exfoliating corneocytes. Keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) located in the basal epidermis are mitotically active, self-renewing and govern the epithelial stratification by producing renewed source of keratinocytes. Protein complex such as the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) allows the correct development of this process. The CPC is composed of four members: INCENP, survivin, borealin and aurora kinase B, and the disruption of the CPC during cell division induces mitotic spindle defects and improper repartition of chromosomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the implication of CRM1 and survivin in the progress of mitosis in skin keratinocytes. METHODS Cultured human keratinocytes and skin biopsies were used in this study. KSCs-enriched population of keratinocytes was isolated from total keratinocytes by differential attachment to a type IV collagen matrix. Survivin and CRM1 expression levels were assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Specific siRNAs for each CPC member and for CRM1 were used to determine the relationship between these proteins. Survivin-specific siRNA was used to induce the apparition of mitotic abnormalities in cultured keratinocytes. RESULTS We demonstrated the ability of our compound 'IV08.009' to modulate the expression level of survivin and CRM1 in keratinocytes and in skin biopsies. We observed that members of the CPC are interdependent: siRNA-induced inhibition of one component caused a decrease in the expression of all other CPC members. Downregulation of survivin or CRM1 induced mitotic abnormalities in keratinocytes. However, decreased number of mitotic abnormalities was observed in keratinocytes after 'IV08.009' application. CONCLUSION Basal keratinocytes may divide frequently during skin lifespan, and signs of deterioration could appear such as loss of protein factors required for correct mitosis. Our findings suggest that mitotic abnormalities can be prevented by the modulation of CRM1 and survivin. We demonstrated the ability of compound 'IV08.009' to efficiently protect cultured keratinocytes from mitotic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Labarrade
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Vincience Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J-M Botto
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Vincience Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - N Domloge
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Vincience Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
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21
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Molecular beacon-decorated polymethylmethacrylate core-shell fluorescent nanoparticles for the detection of survivin mRNA in human cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 88:15-24. [PMID: 27321444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals of nanomedicine in cancer is the development of effective drug delivery systems, primarily nanoparticles. Survivin, an overexpressed anti-apoptotic protein in cancer, represents a pharmacological target for therapy and a Molecular Beacon (MB) specific for survivin mRNA is available. In this study, the ability of polymethylmethacrylate nanoparticles (PMMA-NPs) to promote survivin MB uptake in human A549 cells was investigated. Fluorescent and positively charged core PMMA-NPs of nearly 60nm, obtained through an emulsion co-polymerization reaction, and the MB alone were evaluated in solution, for their analytical characterization; then, the MB specificity and functionality were verified after adsorption onto the PMMA-NPs. The carrier ability of PMMA-NPs in A549 was examined by confocal microscopy. With the optimized protocol, a hardly detectable fluorescent signal was obtained after incubation of the cells with the MB alone (fluorescent spots per cell of 1.90±0.40 with a mean area of 1.04±0.20µm2), while bright fluorescent spots inside the cells were evident by using the MB loaded onto the PMMA-NPs. (27.50±2.30 fluorescent spots per cell with a mean area of 2.35±0.16µm2). These results demonstrate the ability of the PMMA-NPs to promote the survivin-MB internalization, suggesting that this complex might represent a promising strategy for intracellular sensing and for the reduction of cancer cell proliferation.
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22
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p62 modulates the intrinsic signaling of UVB-induced apoptosis. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:226-33. [PMID: 27368125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UVB radiation is the main source of sunburn and skin cancers. Apoptosis eliminates photodamaged cells, and is thus important for preventing epidermal carcinogenesis. The cytoplasmic regulatory protein p62/A170/sequestosome 1 (p62) molecule is involved in a variety of cellular and signaling pathways. p62 is known to be and important in autophagy, but its role in UVB-induced apoptosis remains to be clarified. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of p62 against UVB-induced apoptotic changes, using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from p62 homozygous knockout (p62(-/-)) mice. METHODS p62(-/-) and wild-type (p62(+/+)) mice and MEFs were subjected to UVB irradiation, and the resultant apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blots. RESULTS Apoptosis was decreased in the p62(-/-) MEFs compared to p62(+/+) MEFs in response to UVB treatment. Compared with p62(+/+) MEFs, p62(-/-) MEFs expressed significantly more Bcl-2 and less Bax, and showed increased Src and Stat3 phosphorylation. Our results show that p62 regulates apoptotic pathways by modifying critical signaling intermediates such as Src and Stat3. CONCLUSION p62 deficiency [corrected] reduces UVB-induced apoptosis by modulating intrinsic apoptotic signaling through Src phosphorylation.
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Zeng X, Zhao J, Wu X, Shi H, Liu W, Cui B, Yang L, Ding X, Song P. PageRank analysis reveals topologically expressed genes correspond to psoriasis and their functions are associated with apoptosis resistance. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3969-76. [PMID: 27035208 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease. Deceleration in keratinocyte apoptosis is the most significant pathological change observed in psoriasis. To detect a meaningful correlation between the genes and gene functions associated with the mechanism underlying psoriasis, 927 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Gene Expression Omnibus database, GSE13355 [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.01; |log fold change >1] with the package in R langue. The selected DEGs were further constructed using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes, in order to analyze the interaction network between the DEGs. Subsequent to PageRank analysis, 14 topological hub genes were identified, and the functions and pathways in the hub genes network were analyzed. The top‑ranked hub gene, estrogen receptor‑1 (ESR1) is downregulated in psoriasis, exhibited binding sites enriched with genes possessing anti‑apoptotic functions. The ESR1 gene encodes estrogen receptor α (ERα); a reduced level of ERα expression provides a crucial foundation in response to the anti‑apoptotic activity of psoriatic keratinocytes by activating the expression of anti‑apoptotic genes. Furthermore, it was detected that the pathway that is associated most significantly with psoriasis is the pathways in cancer. Pathways in cancer may protect psoriatic cells from apoptosis by inhibition of ESR1 expression. The present study provides support towards the investigation of ESR1 gene function and elucidates that the interaction with anti‑apoptotic genes is involved in the underlying biological mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis in psoriasis. However, further investigation is required to confirm the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Wali Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bingnan Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 201203, P.R. China
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Dihydroartemisinin suppresses growth of squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:99-105. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Survivin Modulates Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Derived Stem-Like Cell Proliferation, Viability and Tumor Formation in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010089. [PMID: 26771605 PMCID: PMC4730332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous Cell Carcinoma-derived Stem-like Cells (SCC-SC) originate from alterations in keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) gene expression and sustain tumor development, invasion and recurrence. Since survivin, a KSC marker, is highly expressed in SCC-SC, we evaluate its role in SCC-SC cell growth and SCC models. Survivin silencing by siRNA decreases clonal growth of SCC keratinocytes and viability of total, rapidly adhering (RAD) and non-RAD (NRAD) cells from primary SCC. Similarly, survivin silencing reduces the expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, NOTCH1, CD133, β1-integrin), while it increases the level of differentiation markers (K10, involucrin). Moreover, survivin silencing improves the malignant phenotype of SCC 3D-reconstruct, as demonstrated by reduced epidermal thickness, lower Ki-67 positive cell number, and decreased expression of MMP9 and psoriasin. Furthermore, survivin depletion by siRNA in RasG12V-IκBα-derived tumors leads to smaller tumor formation characterized by lower mitotic index and reduced expression of the tumor-associated marker HIF1α, VEGF and CD51. Therefore, our results indicate survivin as a key gene in regulating SCC cancer stem cell formation and cSCC development.
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GUAN HUAPENG, SUN JIANZHONG, FENG XIAOLEI, CHEN JINSHUI, CHEN FANGJING, CHENG XIAOFEI, LIU XINWEI, NI BIN. Effects of RNA interference-mediated knockdown of livin and survivin using monomethoxypolyethylene glycol-chitosan nanoparticles in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1821-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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27
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Palazzo E, Morandi P, Lotti R, Saltari A, Truzzi F, Schnebert S, Dumas M, Marconi A, Pincelli C. Notch Cooperates with Survivin to Maintain Stemness and to Stimulate Proliferation in Human Keratinocytes during Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26291-302. [PMID: 26540052 PMCID: PMC4661807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway orchestrates cell fate by either inducing cell differentiation or maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. This study aims to evaluate Notch expression and function in normal human keratinocytes. Notch1 is expressed in all epidermal layers, though to a different degree of intensity, with a dramatic decrease during ageing. Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) levels are decreased during transit from keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) to transit amplifying (TA) cells, mimicking survivin expression in samples from donors of all ages. Calcium markedly reduces N1ICD levels in keratinocytes. N1ICD overexpression induces the up-regulation of survivin and the down-regulation of keratin 10 and involucrin, while increasing the S phase of the cell cycle. On the other hand, Notch1 inhibition (DAPT) dose-dependently decreases survivin, stimulates differentiation, and reduces keratinocyte proliferation in samples from donors of all ages. Silencing Notch downgrades survivin and increases keratin 10. In addition, Notch1 inhibition decreases survivin levels and proliferation both in KSC and TA cells. Finally, while survivin overexpression decreases keratinocyte differentiation and increases N1ICD expression both in KSC and TA cells, silencing survivin results in N1ICD down-regulation and an increase in differentiation markers. These results suggest that the Notch1/survivin crosstalk contributes to the maintenance of stemness in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Palazzo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Paolo Morandi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Roberta Lotti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Saltari
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Francesca Truzzi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | | | - Marc Dumas
- LVMH Recherche, 185 Avenue de Verdun, Saint Jean de Braye 45800, France.
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
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Santarelli A, Mascitti M, Rubini C, Bambini F, Zizzi A, Offidani A, Ganzetti G, Laino L, Cicciù M, Lo Muzio L. Active inflammatory biomarkers in oral lichen planus. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:562-8. [PMID: 26303119 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015592101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease, with a central role to cell-mediated autoimmunity. Osteopontin promotes migration and recruitment of immune cells, CD44 is its receptor, and Survivin seems to be important in skin/mucosa homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate their expression in biopsy specimens of patients with different OLP clinical types and healthy controls.Biopsy specimens from 30 patients with OLP (15 atrophic and 15 hyperplastic) and 15 healthy controls were subjected to immune-histochemical analysis, to detect the expression of osteopontin, CD44, and Survivin in oral epithelia. The distributions of positively stained cells were evaluated with a quantitative method, while the inflammation degree was evaluated with a semi-quantitative one.Expression of osteopontin and CD44 was higher in OLP than controls, while Survivin expression was lower in OLP patients. There was a greater reduction of Survivin expression in atrophic OLP than hyperplastic OLP. A correlation between osteopontin expression and a high degree of inflammation was found. Furthermore, Survivin expression was higher in cases with low intensity of inflammation.Osteopontin, CD44, and Survivin seem to be involved in OLP pathogenesis, and further investigations are needed for clarifying their role in this oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bambini
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Ganzetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Departement of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
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Expression and significance of survivin in colorectal high grade and low grade adenomas. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:590-4. [PMID: 26095032 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We examined immunohistochemically the expression pattern of a potential tumor biomarker survivin in a panel of 116 tubular adenomatous polyps to determine its association with clinicomorphological parameters such as age of patients, size of polyps, degree of dysplasia and polyp localization. In each section, the subcellular localization of survivin antigen and the intensity of staining were assessed. Overall, survivin was expressed in 90 cases (77.6%). Cytoplasmic positivity was observed in 46/116 cases (39.7%), while nuclear and combined nuclear and cytoplasmic reaction in 44/116 cases (37.9%). High grade dysplasia was diagnosed in 52 cases (44.8%) and low grade dysplasia in 64 cases (55.2%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between subcellular survivin localization and the degree of dysplasia, size of polyps and colon localization. On the other hand, survivin expression pattern did not correlate with the age of patients. Statistically significant trend was confirmed between intensity of survivin immunoreaction and tumor size and dysplasia grade, and also the trend between negative/strong survivin intensity and polyp localization. Another statistically significant association was found between the degree of dysplasia and the size of polyps. Our findings revealed that survivin is frequently expressed in different subcellular compartments of adenoma cells. Our recent results suggest that the nuclear and combined nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin localizations are strongly associated with poor prognostic parameters in the assessment of colon adenomas. Thus, survivin may represent a promising biomarker in immunohistochemical evaluation of these lesions.
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Human dermal fibroblasts HDFa can be used as an appropriate healthy control for PMMA nanoparticles-survivin molecular beacon cellular uptake studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 69:228-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Alterations of skin innate immunity in lymphedematous limbs: Correlations with opportunistic diseases. Clin Dermatol 2014; 32:592-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Vaz CV, Maia CJ, Marques R, Gomes IM, Correia S, Alves MG, Cavaco JE, Oliveira PF, Socorro S. Regucalcin is an androgen-target gene in the rat prostate modulating cell-cycle and apoptotic pathways. Prostate 2014; 74:1189-98. [PMID: 24975685 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regucalcin (RGN) is a calcium (Ca(2+) )-binding protein underexpressed in prostate adenocarcinoma comparatively to non-neoplastic prostate or benign prostate hyperplasia cases. Moreover, RGN expression is negatively associated with the cellular differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma, suggesting that loss of RGN may be associated with tumor onset and progression. However, the RGN actions over the control of prostate cell growth have not been investigated. METHODS Androgens are implicated in the promotion of prostate cell proliferation, thus we studied the in vivo effect of androgens on RGN expression in rat prostate. The role of RGN modulating cell proliferation and apoptotic pathways in rat prostate was investigated using transgenic animals (Tg-RGN) overexpressing the protein. RESULTS In vivo stimulation with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) down-regulated RGN expression in rat prostate. Cell proliferation index and prostate weight were reduced in Tg-RGN, which was concomitant with altered expression of cell-cycle regulators. Tg-RGN presented diminished expression of the oncogene H-ras and increased expression of cell-cycle inhibitor p21. Levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, as well as the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio were increased in prostates overexpressing RGN. Both caspase-3 expression and enzyme activity were decreased in the prostates of Tg-RGN. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of RGN resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptotic pathways, which demonstrated its role maintaining prostate growth balance. Thus, deregulation of RGN expression may be an important event favoring the development of prostate cancer. Moreover, the DHT effect down-regulating RGN expression in rat prostate highlighted for the importance of this protein in prostatic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Li X, Zhang X, Li X, Ding F, Ding J. The role of survivin in podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6657-73. [PMID: 24747598 PMCID: PMC4013653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which uniquely promotes mitosis and regulates apoptosis in cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that survivin also expresses in several normal adult cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the function of survivin in the terminally differentiated epithelial cells, podocytes. Methods Survivin expression and location were detected by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, western blot and fluorescence confocal microscopy methods in normal and injured mouse podocytes. Cyto-protection function of survivin was also studied in cultured podocyte injured by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), transfected with survivin siRNA to down-regulate survivin expression, or with survivin plasmid to transiently over-express survivin. Results In podocytes, PAN stimulated expressions of survivin and the apoptosis related molecule caspase 3. Knockdown of survivin expression by siRNA increased the activation of caspase 3, induced podocyte apoptosis and remarkable rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, over-expression of survivin inhibited PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Conclusion Our data provides the evidence that survivin plays an important role in protecting podocytes from apoptosis induced by PAN. The mechanism of survivin related anti-apoptosis may, at least partially, be through the activation of caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Fangrui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China.
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Bertero T, Bourget-Ponzio I, Puissant A, Loubat A, Mari B, Meneguzzi G, Auberger P, Barbry P, Ponzio G, Rezzonico R. Tumor suppressor function of miR-483-3p on squamous cell carcinomas due to its pro-apoptotic properties. Cell Cycle 2014; 12:2183-93. [PMID: 24067364 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent alteration of miRNA expression in many cancers, together with our recent reports showing a robust accumulation of miR-483-3p at the final stage of skin wound healing, and targeting of CDC25A leading to an arrest of keratinocyte proliferation, led us to hypothesize that miR-483-3p could also be endowed with antitumoral properties. We tested that hypothesis by documenting the in vitro and in vivo impacts of miR-483-3p in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. miR-483-3p sensitized SCC cells to serum deprivation- and drug-induced apoptosis, thus exerting potent tumor suppressor activities. Its pro-apoptotic activity was mediated by a direct targeting of several anti-apoptotic genes, such as API5, BIRC5, and RAN. Interestingly, an in vivo delivery of miR-483-3p into subcutaneous SCC xenografts significantly hampered tumor growth. This effect was explained by an inhibition of cell proliferation and an increase of apoptosis. This argues for its further use as an adjuvant in the many instances of cancers characterized by a downregulation of miR-483-3p.
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Sárdy M, Kasperkiewicz M. Bullöse Autoimmunkrankheiten bei Kindern. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-014-3085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Survivin beyond physiology: orchestration of multistep carcinogenesis and therapeutic potentials. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:175-82. [PMID: 24560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has been associated with protection from cell apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Survivin exhibits low to undetectable expression in most finally differentiated adult tissues but is abundantly over-expressed in almost all cancers. The aberrant high expression of survivin in cancers is associated with advanced disease, increased rate of tumor recurrence, abbreviated overall survival and resistance to chemo- and radio- therapy. Survivin touches nearly every aspect of cancer and is involved in the initiation, maintenance and development of tumor. Therefore, its significance in cancer dictates the pursuit for anti-survivin cancer therapies.
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Rauch A, Hennig D, Schäfer C, Wirth M, Marx C, Heinzel T, Schneider G, Krämer OH. Survivin and YM155: how faithful is the liaison? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:202-20. [PMID: 24440709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Survivin belongs to the family of apoptosis inhibitors (IAPs), which antagonizes the induction of cell death. Dysregulated expression of IAPs is frequently observed in cancers, and the high levels of survivin in tumors compared to normal adult tissues make it an attractive target for pharmacological interventions. The small imidazolium-based compound YM155 has recently been reported to block the expression of survivin via inhibition of the survivin promoter. Recent data, however, question that this is the sole and main effect of this drug, which is already being tested in ongoing clinical studies. Here, we critically review the current data on YM155 and other new experimental agents supposed to antagonize survivin. We summarize how cells from various tumor entities and with differential expression of the tumor suppressor p53 respond to this agent in vitro and as murine xenografts. Additionally, we recapitulate clinical trials conducted with YM155. Our article further considers the potency of YM155 in combination with other anti-cancer agents and epigenetic modulators. We also assess state-of-the-art data on the sometimes very promiscuous molecular mechanisms affected by YM155 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Rauch
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dorle Hennig
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schäfer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Marx
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Marques R, Maia CJ, Vaz C, Correia S, Socorro S. The diverse roles of calcium-binding protein regucalcin in cell biology: from tissue expression and signalling to disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:93-111. [PMID: 23519827 PMCID: PMC11113322 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin (RGN) is a calcium (Ca(2+))-binding protein widely expressed in vertebrate and invertebrate species, which is also known as senescence marker protein 30, due to its molecular weight (33 kDa) and a characteristically diminished expression with the aging process. RGN regulates intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and the activity of several proteins involved in intracellular signalling pathways, namely, kinases, phosphatases, phosphodiesterase, nitric oxide synthase and proteases, which highlights its importance in cell biology. In addition, RGN has cytoprotective effects reducing intracellular levels of oxidative stress, also playing a role in the control of cell survival and apoptosis. Multiple factors have been identified regulating the cell levels of RGN transcripts and protein, and an altered expression pattern of this interesting protein has been found in cases of reproductive disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Moreover, RGN is a serum-secreted protein, and its levels have been correlated with the stage of disease, which strongly suggests the usefulness of this protein as a potential biomarker for monitoring disease onset and progression. The present review aims to discuss the available information concerning RGN expression and function in distinct cell types and tissues, integrating cellular and molecular mechanisms in the context of normal and pathological conditions. Insight into the cellular actions of RGN will be a key step towards deepening the knowledge of the biology of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudio J. Maia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vaz
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sara Correia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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PARK YUKYOUNG, JANG BYEONGCHURL. UVB-induced anti-survival and pro-apoptotic effects on HaCaT human keratinocytes via caspase- and PKC-dependent downregulation of PKB, HIAP-1, Mcl-1, XIAP and ER stress. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:695-702. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Gambichler T, Terras S, Skrygan M. Cyclooxygenase 2 expression and apoptosis in normal and psoriatic epidermis models exposed to salt water soaks and narrowband ultraviolet B radiation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 29:180-3. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - S. Terras
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - M. Skrygan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
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Felix S, Sandjo LP, Opatz T, Erkel G. SF002-96-1, a new drimane sesquiterpene lactone from an Aspergillus species, inhibits survivin expression. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2866-76. [PMID: 24367452 PMCID: PMC3869210 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) gene family, is overexpressed in virtually all human cancers and is functionally involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, regulation of cell proliferation, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Because of its upregulation in malignancy, survivin has currently attracting considerable interest as a new target for anticancer therapy. In a screening of approximately 200 strains of imperfect fungi for the production of inhibitors of survivin promoter activity, a new drimane sesquiterpene lactone, SF002-96-1, was isolated from fermentations of an Aspergillus species. The compound inhibited survivin promoter activity in transiently transfected Colo 320 cells in a dose dependent manner with IC50 values of 3.42 µM (1.3 µg/mL). Moreover, it also reduced mRNA levels and protein synthesis of survivin and triggered apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Felix
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Expression of nuclear survivin in normal skin and squamous cell carcinoma: a possible role in tumour invasion. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:199-207. [PMID: 24196791 PMCID: PMC3887296 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Survivin is detected in few adult normal cells and it is highly expressed in cancer. Nuclear survivin facilitates cell cycle entry, whereas the mitochondrial pool protects cells from apoptosis. Survivin is overexpressed in keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) and protects them from apoptosis. Methods: As KSCs are at the origin of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we evaluated survivin expression in normal and cancerous skin in vivo by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. HaCaT cells overexpressing survivin and wound-healing assay are used. Analysis of variance and Student's T-tests are used for statistical analysis. Results: Survivin is localised in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of normal adult and young keratinocytes. Nuclear survivin is detected in one every 10 of 11 basal keratinocytes. When present in suprabasal cells, nuclear survivin is coexpressed with K10 but not with K15 or p75-neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a transit amplifying cell marker. Nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, survivin expression markedly increases in actinic keratosis and in SCC in situ, as compared with normal epidermis, and it is highest in poorly differentiated SCC. In SCC tumours, nuclear survivin-positive cells are mainly K10/p75NTR-negative and K15-positive. In poorly differentiated tumours, survivin mostly localises in the deep infiltrating areas. When overexpressed in keratinocytes, survivin increases cell migration. Conclusion: High survivin expression and the subcellular localisation of survivin correlate with keratinocyte differentiation and are associated with undifferentiated and more invasive SCC phenotype.
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Terasaki Y, Terasaki M, Urushiyama H, Nagasaka S, Takahashi M, Kunugi S, Ishikawa A, Wakamatsu K, Kuwahara N, Miyake K, Fukuda Y. Role of survivin in acute lung injury: epithelial cells of mice and humans. J Transl Med 2013; 93:1147-63. [PMID: 23979427 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis, regulates cell division and is a potential target for anticancer drugs because many cancers express high survivin levels. However, whether survivin would be toxic to human lung cells and tissues has not been determined. This report clarified the involvement of survivin in acute lung injury. We used immunohistochemical analysis, immunoelectron microscopy, and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to study survivin expression and localization in injured mouse and human lungs. We also used cultured human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B and A549) to study survivin cytoprotection. Nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells in day 3 and day 7 models of bleomycin-injured lung showed survivin-positive results, which is consistent with upregulated survivin mRNA expression. These nuclei also evidenced double positive findings for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and survivin. Day 7 models had similar Smac/DIABLO-positive and survivin-positive cell distributions. The cytoplasm and nuclei of epithelial cells in lesions with diffuse alveolar damage manifested strong survivin-positive findings. Bleomycin stimulation in both epithelial cell lines upregulated expression of survivin and apoptosis-related molecules. Suppression of survivin expression with small interfering RNA rendered human lung epithelial cells susceptible to bleomycin-induced damage, with markedly upregulated activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and lactate dehydrogenase activity and an increased number of dead cells compared with mock small interfering RNA-treated cells. Overexpression of survivin via transfection resulted in these epithelial cells being resistant to bleomycin-induced cell damage, with reduced activation of apoptosis-related molecules and lactate dehydrogenase activity and fewer dead cells compared with results for mock-transfected cells. Survivin, acting at the epithelial cell level that depends partly on apoptosis inhibition, is therefore a key mediator of cytoprotection in acute lung injury. Understanding the precise role of survivin in normal lung cells is required for the development of therapeutic survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology and Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Dallaglio K, Petrachi T, Marconi A, Truzzi F, Lotti R, Saltari A, Morandi P, Puviani M, Maiorana A, Roop DR, Pincelli C. Isolation and characterization of squamous cell carcinoma-derived stem-like cells: role in tumor formation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19540-55. [PMID: 24077125 PMCID: PMC3821572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In human epidermis, keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) are characterized by high levels of β1-integrin, resulting in the rapid adhesion to type IV collagen. Since epithelial tumors originate from KSC, we evaluated the features of rapidly adhering (RAD) keratinocytes derived from primary human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (cSCC). RAD cells expressed higher levels of survivin, a KSC marker, as compared to non-rapidly adhering (NRAD) cells. Moreover, RAD cells proliferated to a greater extent and were more efficient in forming colonies than NRAD cells. RAD cells also migrated significantly better than NRAD cells. When seeded in a silicone chamber and grafted onto the back skin of NOD SCID mice, RAD cells formed tumors 2–4 fold bigger than those derived from NRAD cells. In tumors derived from RAD cells, the mitotic index was significantly higher than in those derived from NRAD cells, while Ki-67 and survivin expression were more pronounced in RAD tumors. This study suggests that SCC RAD stem cells play a critical role in the formation and development of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Dallaglio
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Tiziana Petrachi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesca Truzzi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Roberta Lotti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Annalisa Saltari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Morandi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Mario Puviani
- Ospedale Civile di Sassuolo, Via Francesco Ruini, 2, 41049 Sassuolo (MO), Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Laboratories and Pathologic Anatomy, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Dennis R. Roop
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; E-Mails: (K.D.); (T.P.); (A.M.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (A.S.); (P.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-59-422-2812; Fax: +39-59-422-4271
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Ferreira-Pinto MJ, Ferreira R, Henriques-Coelho T. Exploring the role of post-translational modifications on protein-protein interactions with survivin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:64-70. [PMID: 23938875 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family with crucial roles in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have a ubiquitous role in the regulation of a diverse range of proteins' cellular functions and survivin is not an exception. Phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination seem to regulate survivin anti-apoptotic and mitotic roles and also its nuclear localization. In the present review we explore the role of PTMs on protein-protein interactions focused on survivin to provide new insights into the functions and cell localization of this IAP in pathophysiological conditions, which might help the envisioning of novel targeted therapies for diseases characterized by impaired survivin activity. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed with bioinformatics tools based on published data aiming to give an integrated perspective of this IAP's role in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sarti M, Pinton S, Limoni C, Carbone GM, Pagani O, Cavalli F, Catapano CV. Differential expression of testin and survivin in breast cancer subtypes. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:824-32. [PMID: 23715752 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Testin (TES) is a putative tumour-suppressor gene downregulated in various types of cancers. Survivin is a nodal protein involved in multiple signalling pathways, tumour maintenance and inhibition of apoptosis. Previous studies indicate that TES and survivin can functionally interact and modulate cell death and proliferation in breast cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and prognostic relevance of TES and survivin in breast cancer subtypes examining a large cohort of breast cancer patients. We determined the expression of TES and survivin by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue samples from 242 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1981 and 2009. The expression of these proteins was compared with clinical and pathological data. There was a significant association of nuclear survivin overexpression and TES downregulation with triple-negative tumours [P=0.009; univariate odds ratio (OR), 3.20; 95% CI, 1.34-7.66] (P=0.018; multivariate OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.20‑6.97). A further significant correlation was observed between TES downregulation and the luminal B subtype (P=0.019, univariate OR: 2.90; 95% CI, 1.19‑7.06) (P=0.032, multivariate OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.09-6.65), independent of survivin expression. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant association between TES downregulation and highly aggressive breast tumour subtypes, such as triple-negative and luminal B tumours, along with the prognostic relevance of nuclear expression of survivin. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Sarti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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Liman N, Alan E. The process of apoptosis in a holocrine gland as shown by the avian uropygial gland. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:504-20. [PMID: 23362229 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to elucidate the presence of apoptosis and the localization of apoptosis-related Bax and survivin proteins and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) within the chicken uropygial gland, a specialized holocrine secretory gland. In day-old chicks, survivin and Bax immunoreactivities were observed in the cell cytoplasm of the germinative and secretory layers of the luminal epithelium and tubules. During this period, the TUNEL reaction, an indication of apoptosis, was only sporadically positive in the tubules. From the 7th day to the 150th day of posthatching, survivin was detected in the cytoplasm of cells in the germinative layer and in the nuclei of some cells in the secretory layers of the gland. The germinative layer cells showed weak homogeneous cytoplasmic staining for Bax, whereas the cells of the secretory and intermediate layers of luminal epithelium and tubules exhibited granular cytoplasmic staining. After day 7, TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the secretory and degenerative layers of the luminal epithelium and central tubules. After day 12, some TUNEL-positive cells were also seen in the peripheral tubules. At all posthatch ages, the cytoplasm and nucleus of the germinative layers of luminal epithelium and tubules reacted with PCNA, whereas only a small number of cell nuclei in the secretory layers were immunopositive. These results support the theory that specific PCNA/Bax/survivin expression patterns could reflect particular cell differentiation states in the uropygial gland and that holocrine secretion in the gland is realized mainly by way of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Liman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Hartman ML, Czyz M. Anti-apoptotic proteins on guard of melanoma cell survival. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:24-34. [PMID: 23340174 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in sustaining proper tissue development and homeostasis. Evading apoptosis by cancer cells is a part of their adaption to microenvironment and therapies. Cellular integrity is predominantly maintained by pro-survival members of Bcl-2 family and IAPs. Melanoma cells are characterized by a labile and stage-dependent phenotype. Pro-survival molecules can protect melanoma cells from apoptosis and mediate other processes, thus enhancing aggressive phenotype. The essential role of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-X(L), livin, survivin and XIAP was implicated for melanoma, often in a tumor stage-dependent fashion. In this review, the current knowledge of pro-survival machinery in melanoma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Protein and non-protein biomarkers in melanoma: a critical update. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2203-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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