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Wang X, Pan C, Zheng L, Wang J, Zou Q, Sun P, Zhou K, Zhao A, Cao Q, He W, Wang Y, Cheng R, Yao Z, Zhang S, Zhang H, Li M. ADAM17 variant causes hair loss via ubiquitin ligase TRIM47-mediated degradation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177588. [PMID: 38771644 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypotrichosis is a genetic disorder characterized by a diffuse and progressive loss of scalp and/or body hair. Nonetheless, the causative genes for several affected individuals remain elusive, and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we discovered a dominant variant in a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) gene caused hypotrichosis with woolly hair. Adam17 (p.D647N) knockin mice mimicked the hair abnormality in patients. ADAM17 (p.D647N) mutation led to hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) exhaustion and caused abnormal hair follicles, ultimately resulting in alopecia. Mechanistic studies revealed that ADAM17 binds directly to E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47). ADAM17 variant enhanced the association between ADAM17 and TRIM47, leading to an increase in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of ADAM17 protein. Furthermore, reduced ADAM17 protein expression affected the Notch signaling pathway, impairing the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of HFSCs during hair follicle regeneration. Overexpression of Notch intracellular domain rescued the reduced proliferation ability caused by Adam17 variant in primary fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, and Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Matamá T, Costa C, Fernandes B, Araújo R, Cruz CF, Tortosa F, Sheeba CJ, Becker JD, Gomes A, Cavaco-Paulo A. Changing human hair fibre colour and shape from the follicle. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00350-8. [PMID: 37967812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural hair curvature and colour are genetically determined human traits, that we intentionally change by applying thermal and chemical treatments to the fibre. Presently, those cosmetic methodologies act externally and their recurrent use is quite detrimental to hair fibre quality and even to our health. OBJECTIVES This work represents a disruptive concept to modify natural hair colour and curvature. We aim to model the fibre phenotype as it is actively produced in the follicle through the topical delivery of specific bioactive molecules to the scalp. METHODS Transcriptome differences between curly and straight hairs were identified by microarray. In scalp samples, the most variable transcripts were mapped by in situ hybridization. Then, by using appropriate cellular models, we screened a chemical library of 1200 generic drugs, searching for molecules that could lead to changes in either fibre colour or curvature. A pilot-scale, single-centre, investigator-initiated, prospective, blind, bilateral (split-scalp) placebo-controlled clinical study with the intervention of cosmetics was conducted to obtain a proof of concept (RNEC n.92938). RESULTS We found 85 genes transcribed significantly different between curly and straight hair, not previously associated with this human trait. Next, we mapped some of the most variable genes to the inner root sheath of follicles, reinforcing the role of this cell layer in fibre shape moulding. From the drug library screening, we selected 3 and 4 hits as modulators of melanin synthesis and gene transcription, respectively, to be further tested in 33 volunteers. The intentional specific hair change occurred: 8 of 14 volunteers exhibited colour changes, and 16 of 19 volunteers presented curvature modifications, by the end of the study. CONCLUSION The promising results obtained are the first step towards future cosmetics, complementary or alternative to current methodologies, taking hair styling to a new level: changing hair from the inside out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fernandes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO - Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Célia F Cruz
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tortosa
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria / Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Unidade de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Rua Mário Botas (Parque das Nações), 1998-018, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caroline J Sheeba
- ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; NIHR Central Commissioning Facility (CCF), Grange House, 15 Church Street, Twickenham, TW1 3NL, UK
| | - Jörg D Becker
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gomes
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Solutions Ltd, Avenida Imaculada Conceição n. 589, 4700-034 Braga, Portugal.
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Zhang T, Yao H, Wang H, Sui T. Development of Woolly Hair and Hairlessness in a CRISPR-Engineered Mutant Mouse Model with KRT71 Mutations. Cells 2023; 12:1781. [PMID: 37443815 PMCID: PMC10341341 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypotrichosis simplex (HS) and woolly hair (WH) are rare and monogenic disorders of hair loss. HS, characterized by a diffuse loss of hair, usually begins in early childhood and progresses into adulthood. WH displays strong coiled hair involving a localized area of the scalp or covering the entire side. Mutations in the keratin K71(KRT71) gene have been reported to underlie HS and WH. Here, we report the generation of a mouse model of HS and WH by the co-injection of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA, targeting exon6 into mouse zygotes. The Krt71-knockout (KO) mice displayed the typical phenotypes, including Krt71 protein expression deletion and curly hair in their full body. Moreover, we found that mice in 3-5 weeks showed a new phenomenon of the complete shedding of hair, which was similar to nude mice. However, we discovered that the mice exhibited no immune deficiency, which was a typical feature of nude mice. To our knowledge, this novel mouse model generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system mimicked woolly hair and could be valuable for hair disorder studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tingting Sui
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (H.W.)
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Khaveh N, Schachler K, Berghöfer J, Jung K, Metzger J. Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs. Front Genet 2023; 14:1184015. [PMID: 37351343 PMCID: PMC10282778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1184015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair types have been under strong targeted selection in domestic animals for their impact on skin protection, thermoregulation and exterior morphology, and subsequent economic importance. In pigs, a very special hair phenotype was observed in Mangalitza, who expresses a thick coat of curly bristles and downy hair. Two breed-specific missense variants in TRPM2 and CYP4F3 were suggested to be associated with the Mangalitza pig's hair shape due to their role in hair follicle morphogenesis reported for human and mice. However, the mechanism behind this expression of a curly hair type is still unclear and needs to be explored. In our study, hair shafts were measured and investigated for the curvature of the hair in Mangalitza and crossbreeds in comparison to straight-coated pigs. For molecular studies, hair roots underwent RNA sequencing for a differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2. The output matrix of normalized counts was then used to construct weighted gene co-expression networks. The resulting hair root gene expression profiles highlighted 454 genes to be significantly differentially expressed for initiation of curly hair phenotype in newborn Mangalitza piglets versus post-initiation in later development. Furthermore, 2,554 genes showed a significant differential gene expression in curly hair in comparison to straight hair. Neither TRPM2 nor CYP4F3 were identified as differentially expressed. Incidence of the genes in weighted co-expression networks associated with TRPM2 and CYP4F3, and prominent interactions of subsequent proteins with lipids and calcium-related pathways suggested calcium signaling and/or lipid metabolism as essential players in the induction of the curly hair as well as an ionic calcium-dependency to be a prominent factor for the maintenance of this phenotype. Subsequently, our study highlights the complex interrelations and dependencies of mutant genes TRPM2 and CYP4F3 and associated gene expression patterns, allowing the initiation of curly hair type during the development of a piglet as well as the maintenance in adult individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khaveh
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schachler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Berghöfer
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Metzger
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Raza R, Chhabra G, Bilal M, Ndiaye MA, Liaqat K, Nawaz S, Sgro JY, Rayment I, Ahmad W, Ahmad N. A Homozygous Missense Variant in K25 Underlying Overlapping Phenotype with Woolly Hair and Dental Anomalies. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:173-176.e3. [PMID: 35926655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Raza
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mary A Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jean-Yves Sgro
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ivan Rayment
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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6
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Kataria S, Dabas P, Saraswathy KN, Sachdeva MP, Jain S. Investigating the morphology and genetics of scalp and facial hair characteristics for phenotype prediction. Sci Justice 2023; 63:135-148. [PMID: 36631178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic traits and ultrastructure of hair such as cross-sectional shape, pigmentation, curvature, and internal structure help determine the level of variations between and across human populations. Apart from cosmetics and anthropological applications, such as determining species, somatic origin (body area), and biogeographic ancestry, the evidential value of hair has increased with rapid progression in the area of forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP). Individuals differ in the features of their scalp hair (greying, shape, colour, balding, thickness, and density) and facial hair (eyebrow thickness, monobrow, and beard thickness) features. Scalp and facial hair characteristics are genetically controlled and lead to visible inter-individual variations within and among populations of various ethnic origins. Hence, these characteristics can be exploited and made more inclusive in FDP, thereby leading to more comprehensive, accurate, and robust prediction models for forensic purposes. The present article focuses on understanding the genetics of scalp and facial hair characteristics with the goal to develop a more inclusive approach to better understand hair biology by integrating hair microscopy with genetics for genotype-phenotype correlation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kataria
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India.
| | - Prashita Dabas
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - M P Sachdeva
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India.
| | - Sonal Jain
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India.
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7
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Bhat Y, Trumboo T, Krishan K. Hair shaft disorders in children – An update. Indian Dermatol Online J 2023; 14:163-171. [PMID: 37089857 PMCID: PMC10115339 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of hair shaft are a diverse group of congenital and acquired abnormalities of the hair that can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the dermatologists. Hair shaft abnormalities can occur as an isolated phenomenon or can be associated with an underlying genetic syndrome. Any change in the texture, appearance, and growth of the hair should prompt evaluation of the patient for the presence of any hair shaft anomaly. The diagnosis can be suggested by a complete history and physical examination of the hair-bearing areas as well as other ectodermal structures (nails and teeth). A key feature in the evaluation of hair shaft defects is to determine the fragility of the hair shaft that can be elucidated by performing the "tug test." Trichoscopy and light microscopy serve as valuable tools in establishing the specific type of hair shaft disorder. An update of the approach for the diagnosis and management is included in this review.
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Li C, Feng C, Ma G, Fu S, Chen M, Zhang W, Li J. Time-course RNA-seq analysis reveals stage-specific and melatonin-triggered gene expression patterns during the hair follicle growth cycle in Capra hircus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:140. [PMID: 35172715 PMCID: PMC8848980 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cashmere goat is famous for its high-quality fibers. The growth of cashmere in secondary hair follicles exhibits a seasonal pattern arising from circannual changes in the natural photoperiod. Although several studies have compared and analyzed the differences in gene expression between different hair follicle growth stages, the selection of samples in these studies relies on research experience or morphological evidence. Distinguishing hair follicle growth cycle according to gene expression patterns may help to explore the regulation mechanisms related to cashmere growth and the effect of melatonin from a molecular level more accurately. Results In this study, we applied RNA-sequencing to the hair follicles of three normal and three melatonin-treated Inner Mongolian cashmere goats sampled every month during a whole hair follicle growth cycle. A total of 3559 and 988 genes were subjected as seasonal changing genes (SCGs) in the control and treated groups, respectively. The SCGs in the normal group were divided into three clusters, and their specific expression patterns help to group the hair follicle growth cycle into anagen, catagen and telogen stages. Some canonical pathways such as Wnt, TGF-beta and Hippo signaling pathways were detected as promoting the hair follicle growth, while Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT, Fc epsilon RI, NOD-like receptor, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, NF-kappa B and many immune-related pathways were detected in the catagen and telogen stages. The PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and Focal adhesion were found in the transition stage between telogen to anagen, which may serve as candidate biomarkers for telogen-anagen regeneration. A total of 16 signaling pathways, 145 pathway mRNAs, and 93 lncRNAs were enrolled to construct the pathway-mRNA-lncRNA network, which indicated the function of lncRNAs through interacting with their co-expressed mRNAs. Pairwise comparisons between the control and melatonin-treated groups also indicated 941 monthly differentially expressed genes (monthly DEGs). These monthly DEGs were mainly distributed from April and September, which revealed a potential signal pathway map regulating the anagen stage triggered by melatonin. Enrichment analysis showed that Wnt, Hedgehog, ECM, Chemokines and NF-kappa B signaling pathways may be involved in the regulation of non-quiescence and secondary shedding under the influence of melatonin. Conclusions Our study decoded the key regulators of the whole hair follicle growth cycle, laying the foundation for the control of hair follicle growth and improvement of cashmere yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08331-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Cong Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangyuan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shaoyin Fu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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9
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Wang S, Wu T, Sun J, Li Y, Yuan Z, Sun W. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals the Molecular Anatomy of Sheep Hair Follicle Heterogeneity and Wool Curvature. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:800157. [PMID: 34993204 PMCID: PMC8724054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wool is the critical textile raw material which is produced by the hair follicle of sheep. Therefore, it has important implications to investigate the molecular mechanism governing hair follicle development. Due to high cellular heterogeneity as well as the insufficient cellular, molecular, and spatial characterization of hair follicles on sheep, the molecular mechanisms involved in hair follicle development and wool curvature of sheep remains largely unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have made it possible to comprehensively dissect the cellular composition of complex skin tissues and unveil the differentiation and spatial signatures of epidermal and hair follicle development. However, such studies are lacking so far in sheep. Here, single-cell suspensions from the curly wool and straight wool lambskins were prepared for unbiased scRNA-seq. Based on UAMP dimension reduction analysis, we identified 19 distinct cell populations from 15,830 single-cell transcriptomes and characterized their cellular identity according to specific gene expression profiles. Furthermore, novel marker gene was applied in identifying dermal papilla cells isolated in vitro. By using pseudotime ordering analysis, we constructed the matrix cell lineage differentiation trajectory and revealed the dynamic gene expression profiles of matrix progenitors' commitment to the hair shaft and inner root sheath (IRS) cells. Meanwhile, intercellular communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cells was inferred based on CellChat and the prior knowledge of ligand–receptor pairs. As a result, strong intercellular communication and associated signaling pathways were revealed. Besides, to clarify the molecular mechanism of wool curvature, differentially expressed genes in specific cells between straight wool and curly wool were identified and analyzed. Our findings here provided an unbiased and systematic view of the molecular anatomy of sheep hair follicle comprising 19 clusters; revealed the differentiation, spatial signatures, and intercellular communication underlying sheep hair follicle development; and at the same time revealed the potential molecular mechanism of wool curvature, which will give important new insights into the biology of the sheep hair follicle and has implications for sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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10
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miR-143 Targeting CUX1 to Regulate Proliferation of Dermal Papilla Cells in Hu Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122017. [PMID: 34946965 PMCID: PMC8700861 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wool curvature is the determining factor for lambskin quality of Hu lambs. However, the molecular mechanism of wool curvature formation is not yet known. miRNA has been proved to play an important role in hair follicle development, and we have discovered a differentially expressed miRNA, miR-143, in hair follicles of different curl levels. In this study, we first examined the effects of miR-143 on the proliferation and cell cycle of dermal papilla cells using CCK8, EdU and flow cytometry and showed that miR-143 inhibited the proliferation of dermal papilla cells and slowed down the cell cycle. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the target genes KRT71 and CUX1 of miR-143, and both two genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in small waves than in straight lambskin wool (p < 0.05) as detected by qPCR and Western blot (WB). Then, the target relationships between miR-143 and KRT71 and CUX1 were verified through the dual-luciferase assay in 293T cells. Finally, after overexpression and suppression of miR-143 in dermal papilla cells, the expression trend of CUX1 was contrary to that of miR-143. Meanwhile, KRT71 was not detected because KRT71 was not expressed in dermal papilla cells. Therefore, we speculated that miR-143 can target CUX1 to inhibit the proliferation of dermal papilla cells, while miR-143 can target KRT71 to regulate the growth and development of hair follicles, so as to affect the development of hair follicles and ultimately affect the formation of wool curvature.
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11
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Hayashi R, Shimomura Y. Update of recent findings in genetic hair disorders. J Dermatol 2021; 49:55-67. [PMID: 34676598 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic hair disorders, although unusual, are not very rare, and dermatologists often have opportunities to see patients. Significant advances in molecular genetics have led to identifying many causative genes for genetic hair disorders, including the recently identified causative genes, such as LSS and C3ORF52. Many patients have been detected with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis in the Japanese population caused by founder mutations in the LIPH gene. Additionally, many patients with genetic hair disorders caused by other genes have been reported in East Asia including Japan. Understanding genetic hair disorders is essential for dermatologists, and the findings obtained from analyzing these diseases will contribute to revealing the mechanisms of hair follicle morphogenesis and development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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12
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A KRT71 Loss-of-Function Variant Results in Inner Root Sheath Dysplasia and Recessive Congenital Hypotrichosis of Hereford Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071038. [PMID: 34356054 PMCID: PMC8304205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genodermatoses, such as heritable skin disorders, mostly represent Mendelian conditions. Congenital hypotrichosis (HY) characterize a condition of being born with less hair than normal. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological phenotype of a breed-specific non-syndromic form of HY in Hereford cattle and to identify the causative genetic variant for this recessive disorder. Affected calves showed a very short, fine, wooly, kinky and curly coat over all parts of the body, with a major expression in the ears, the inner part of the limbs, and in the thoracic-abdominal region. Histopathology showed a severely altered morphology of the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle with abnormal Huxley and Henle’s layers and severely dysplastic hair shafts. A genome-wide association study revealed an association signal on chromosome 5. Homozygosity mapping in a subset of cases refined the HY locus to a 690 kb critical interval encompassing a cluster of type II keratin encoding genes. Protein-coding exons of six positional candidate genes with known hair or hair follicle function were re-sequenced. This revealed a protein-changing variant in the KRT71 gene that encodes a type II keratin specifically expressed in the IRS of the hair follicle (c.281delTGTGCCCA; p.Met94AsnfsX14). Besides obvious phenocopies, a perfect concordance between the presence of this most likely pathogenic loss-of-function variant located in the head domain of KRT71 and the HY phenotype was found. This recessive KRT71-related form of hypotrichosis provides a novel large animal model for similar human conditions. The results have been incorporated in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database (OMIA 002114-9913).
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13
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A Nonsense Variant in Hephaestin Like 1 ( HEPHL1) Is Responsible for Congenital Hypotrichosis in Belted Galloway Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050643. [PMID: 33926013 PMCID: PMC8147104 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genodermatosis such as hair disorders mostly follow a monogenic mode of inheritance. Congenital hypotrichosis (HY) belong to this group of disorders and is characterized by abnormally reduced hair since birth. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical phenotype of a breed-specific non-syndromic form of HY in Belted Galloway cattle and to identify the causative genetic variant for this recessive disorder. An affected calf born in Switzerland presented with multiple small to large areas of alopecia on the limbs and on the dorsal part of the head, neck, and back. A genome-wide association study using Swiss and US Belted Galloway cattle encompassing 12 cases and 61 controls revealed an association signal on chromosome 29. Homozygosity mapping in a subset of cases refined the HY locus to a 1.5 Mb critical interval and subsequent Sanger sequencing of protein-coding exons of positional candidate genes revealed a stop gain variant in the HEPHL1 gene that encodes a multi-copper ferroxidase protein so-called hephaestin like 1 (c.1684A>T; p.Lys562*). A perfect concordance between the homozygous presence of this most likely pathogenic loss-of-function variant and the HY phenotype was found. Genotyping of more than 700 purebred Swiss and US Belted Galloway cattle showed the global spread of the mutation. This study provides a molecular test that will permit the avoidance of risk matings by systematic genotyping of relevant breeding animals. This rare recessive HEPHL1-related form of hypotrichosis provides a novel large animal model for similar human conditions. The results have been incorporated in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database (OMIA 002230-9913).
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14
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Betz RC. Alopezien und Hypotrichosen im Kindesalter: Wann muss an genetische Diagnostik gedacht werden? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-01104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Chen B, Wang D, Li J, Hou Y, Qiao C. Screening and Identification of Prognostic Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Genes of Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Database and Bioinformatics. Front Oncol 2020; 10:554214. [PMID: 33335850 PMCID: PMC7737471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.554214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA) is one of the most common tumors in the female reproductive system. With the further understanding of immune regulation mechanism in tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy is emerging in tumor treatment. However, there are few systematic studies on EEA immune infiltration. Methods In this study, prognostic tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and related genes of EEA were comprehensively analyzed for the first time through the bioinformatics method with CIBERSORT algorithm as the core. Gene expression profile data were downloaded from the TCGA database, and the abundance ratio of TIICs was obtained. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to identify prognostic TIICs. EEA samples were grouped according to the risk score in Cox regression model. Differential analysis and functional enrichment analyses were performed on high- and low-risk groups to find survival-related hub genes, which were verified by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Result Four TIICs including memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells were identified. And two hub gene modules were found, in which six hub genes including APOL1, CCL17, RBP4, KRT15, KRT71, and KRT79 were significantly related to overall survival and were closely correlated with some certain TIICs in the validation of TIMER. Conclusion In this study, four prognostic TIICs and six hub genes were found to be closely related to EEA. These findings provided new potential targets for EEA immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiapo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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16
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Manakhov AD, Andreeva TV, Rogaev EI. The curly coat phenotype of the Ural Rex feline breed is associated with a mutation in the lipase H gene. Anim Genet 2020; 51:584-589. [PMID: 32463158 DOI: 10.1111/age.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in lipase H (LIPH) and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6), which are essential for the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling pathway, are associated with hypotrichosis and wooly hair in humans. Mutations in LPAR6 and keratin 71 (KRT71), result in unusual fur growth and hair structure in several cat breeds (Cornish Rex, Devon Rex and Selkirk Rex). Here, we performed target sequencing of the LIPH, LPAR6 and KRT71 genes in six cat breeds with specific hair-growth phenotypes. A LIPH genetic variant (LIPH:c.478_483del; LIPH:p.Ser160_Gly161del) was found in Ural Rex cats with curly coats from Russia, but was absent in all other cat breeds tested. In silico three-dimensional analysis of the LIPH mutant protein revealed a contraction of the α3-helix structure in the enzyme phospholipid binding site that may affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Manakhov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - T V Andreeva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - E I Rogaev
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Maple Avenue, 222, Shrewsbury, MA, 01545, USA
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17
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Silva LMA, Hsieh R, Lourenço SV, Valente NYS, Paiva GR, Fernandes JD. Immunostaining study of cytokeratins in human hair follicle development. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:278-282. [PMID: 32299738 PMCID: PMC7253916 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hair follicle is a unique structure, one of the most dynamic structures in mammalians, which can reproduce in every new cycle all the mechanism involved in its fetal development. Although a lot of research has been made about the human hair follicle much less has been discovered about the importance of the cytokeratins (CKs) in its development. Objective Study the immunohistochemical pattern of epithelial CKs during human hair follicle development. Methods We performed an immunohistochemical study using fresh post-mortem skin biopsies of human fetuses between 4 and 25 weeks of gestational age to study the expression of cytokeratins (CKs): CK1, CK10, CK13, CK14, CK16 and CK20 during human hair follicle fetal development. Study limitations Restrospective study with a good number of makers but with a small population. Results/conclusion We found that, the CKs were expressed in an intermediate time during follicular development. The epithelial CKs (CK1, CK14, CK10, CK13) and the epithelial CKs with a proliferative character such as CK16 were expressed first, as markers of cellular maturation and follicular keratinization. At a later phase, CK20 was expressed in more developed primitive hair follicles as previously discussed in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Andrade Silva
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Service of Dermatology, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Service of Dermatology, Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Hsieh
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Neusa Yuriko Sakai Valente
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geise Rezende Paiva
- Sector of Pathology, Hospital Santa Izabel, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dumet Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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18
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Ahmed A, Almohanna H, Griggs J, Tosti A. Genetic Hair Disorders: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:421-448. [PMID: 31332722 PMCID: PMC6704196 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss in early childhood represents a broad differential diagnosis which can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for a physician. It is important to consider the diagnosis of a genetic hair disorder. Genetic hair disorders are a large group of inherited disorders, many of which are rare. Genetic hair abnormalities in children can be an isolated phenomenon or part of genetic syndromes. Hair changes may be a significant finding or even the initial presentation of a syndrome giving a clue to the diagnosis, such as Netherton syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. Detailed history including family history and physical examination of hair and other ectodermal structures such as nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands with the use of dermoscopic devices and biopsy all provide important clues to establish the correct diagnosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of genetic hair defects will allow for better comprehension of their treatment and prognosis. For example, in patients with an isolated hair defect, the main problem is aesthetic. In contrast, when the hair defect is associated with a syndrome, the prognosis will depend mainly on the associated condition. Treatment of many genetic hair disorders is focused on treating the primary cause and minimizing trauma to the hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hind Almohanna
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob Griggs
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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19
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Khan GM, Hassan N, Khan N, Humayun M, Khan K, Khaliq S, Rehman FU, Ahmed S, Shah K, Khan SA, Muhammad N, Wali A, Khan S, Basit S, Ayub M. Biallelic mutations in the
LPAR
6
gene causing autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis phenotype in five Pakistani families. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:946-952. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam M. Khan
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Noor Hassan
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Niamatullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Kafaitullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Samira Khaliq
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Fazal U. Rehman
- Department of Microbiology University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Ahmed
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biotechnology COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Pakistan
| | - Sher A. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences & Informatics BUITEMS Quetta Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases Taibah University Almadinah Almadinah Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
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20
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Brunner MAT, Rüfenacht S, Bauer A, Erpel S, Buchs N, Braga-Lagache S, Heller M, Leeb T, Jagannathan V, Wiener DJ, Welle MM. Bald thigh syndrome in sighthounds-Revisiting the cause of a well-known disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212645. [PMID: 30794648 PMCID: PMC6386255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bald thigh syndrome is a common hair loss disorder in sighthounds. Numerous possible causes, including environmental conditions, trauma, stress, endocrinopathies and genetic components have been proposed, but only endocrinopathies have been ruled out scientifically. The overall goal of our study was to identify the cause of bald thigh syndrome and the pathological changes associated with it. We approached this aim by comparing skin biopsies and hair shafts of affected and control dogs microscopically as well as by applying high-throughput technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. While the histology is rather unspecific in most cases, trichogram analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed severe structural abnormalities in hair shafts of affected dogs. This finding is supported by the results of the transcriptomic and proteomic profiling where genes and proteins important for differentiation of the inner root sheath and the assembly of a proper hair shaft were downregulated. Transcriptome profiling revealed a downregulation of genes encoding 23 hair shaft keratins and 51 keratin associated proteins, as well as desmosomal cadherins and several actors of the BMP signaling pathway which is important for hair shaft differentiation. The lower expression of keratin 71 and desmocollin 2 on the mRNA level in skin biopsies corresponded with a decreased protein expression in the hair shafts of affected dogs. The genetic analysis revealed a missense variant in the IGFBP5 gene homozygous in all available Greyhounds and other sighthounds. Further research is required to clarify whether the IGFBP5 variant represents a predisposing genetic risk factor. We conclude from our results that structural defects in the hair shafts are the cause for this well-known disease and these defects are associated with a downregulation of genes and proteins essential for hair shaft formation. Our data add important knowledge to further understand the molecular mechanisms of HF morphogenesis and alopecia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A. T. Brunner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- DermFocus, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Anina Bauer
- DermFocus, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Erpel
- Nano Imaging Lab, SNI, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Buchs
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- DermFocus, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J. Wiener
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Monika M. Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- DermFocus, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Lei L, Su J, Chen J, Chen W, Chen X, Peng C. The role of lysophosphatidic acid in the physiology and pathology of the skin. Life Sci 2018; 220:194-200. [PMID: 30584899 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the simplest phospholipid found in nature. LPA is mainly biosynthesized in tissues and cells by autotoxin and PA-PLA1α/PA-PLA1β and is degraded by lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). It is an important component of biofilm, an extracellular signal transmitter and intracellular second messenger. After targeting to endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family LPA receptors (LPA1, LPA2, LPA3) and non-Edg family LPA receptors (LPA4, LPA5, LPA6), LPA mediates physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, tumor progression, fibrogenesis, wound healing, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammatory reactions. These processes are induced through signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, protein kinase C (PKC)-GSK3β-β-catenin, Rho, Stat, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). LPA is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes in the skin. It not only regulates skin function but also plays an important role in hair follicle development, skin wound healing, pruritus, skin tumors, and scleroderma. Pharmacological inhibition of LPA synthesis or antagonization of LPA receptors is a new strategy for the treatment of various skin disorders. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pathophysiologic role of LPA in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Junchen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wangqing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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22
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Salmela E, Niskanen J, Arumilli M, Donner J, Lohi H, Hytönen MK. A novel KRT71 variant in curly-coated dogs. Anim Genet 2018; 50:101-104. [PMID: 30456859 DOI: 10.1111/age.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Curly fur is a common phenotype in many dog breeds, known to result from a missense variant (c.451C>T) in exon 2 of the keratin 71 (KRT71) gene. During screening for this variant across various breeds, we found that Curly Coated Retrievers (CCRs) fixed with the trait did not carry the known variant. By analysis of whole-genome sequencing data of one CCR we identified a novel genetic cause for curly fur. We found a novel structural variant in exon 7 of the KRT71 gene (c.1266_1273delinsACA) that was predicted to result in a frameshift and stop loss, therefore significantly affecting the structure of the protein, if translated. The variant was also found at lower frequencies in five other breeds, including Lagotto Romagnolo, Bichon Frise, Spanish Water Dog, Chesapeake Bay Retriever and Irish Terrier. One curly-coated Lagotto carried neither of the two KRT71 variants. These results identify a second variant for curly coat in KRT71 and suggest the existence of additional alleles. This study enables the development of an additional KRT71 gene test for breeders to understand and manage coat types.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salmela
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Niskanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Arumilli
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Donner
- Genoscoper Laboratories Oy, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M K Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Bauer A, Hadji Rasouliha S, Brunner MT, Jagannathan V, Bucher I, Bannoehr J, Varjonen K, Bond R, Bergvall K, Welle MM, Roosje P, Leeb T. A second KRT71 allele in curly coated dogs. Anim Genet 2018; 50:97-100. [PMID: 30444027 DOI: 10.1111/age.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Major characteristics of coat variation in dogs can be explained by variants in only a few genes. Until now, only one missense variant in the KRT71 gene, p.Arg151Trp, has been reported to cause curly hair in dogs. However, this variant does not explain the curly coat in all breeds as the mutant 151 Trp allele, for example, is absent in Curly Coated Retrievers. We sequenced the genome of a Curly Coated Retriever at 22× coverage and searched for variants in the KRT71 gene. Only one protein-changing variant was present in a homozygous state in the Curly Coated Retriever and absent or present in a heterozygous state in 221 control dogs from different dog breeds. This variant, NM_001197029.1:c.1266_1273delinsACA, was an indel variant in exon 7 that caused a frameshift and an altered and probably extended C-terminus of the KRT71 protein NP_001183958.1:p.(Ser422ArgfsTer?). Using Sanger sequencing, we found that the variant was fixed in a cohort of 125 Curly Coated Retrievers and segregating in five of 14 additionally tested breeds with a curly or wavy coat. KRT71 variants cause curly hair in humans, mice, rats, cats and dogs. Specific KRT71 variants were further shown to cause alopecia. Based on this knowledge from other species and the predicted molecular consequence of the newly identified canine KRT71 variant, it is a compelling candidate causing a second curly hair allele in dogs. It might cause a slightly different coat phenotype than the previously published p.Arg151Trp variant and could potentially be associated with follicular dysplasia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bauer
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - S Hadji Rasouliha
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - M T Brunner
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - V Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - I Bucher
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - J Bannoehr
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Dermatology Department, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - K Varjonen
- Department Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.,Anicura Albano Animal Hospital, Danderyd, 18236, Sweden
| | - R Bond
- Department Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - M M Welle
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - P Roosje
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - T Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
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24
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Pośpiech E, Chen Y, Kukla-Bartoszek M, Breslin K, Aliferi A, Andersen JD, Ballard D, Chaitanya L, Freire-Aradas A, van der Gaag KJ, Girón-Santamaría L, Gross TE, Gysi M, Huber G, Mosquera-Miguel A, Muralidharan C, Skowron M, Carracedo Á, Haas C, Morling N, Parson W, Phillips C, Schneider PM, Sijen T, Syndercombe-Court D, Vennemann M, Wu S, Xu S, Jin L, Wang S, Zhu G, Martin NG, Medland SE, Branicki W, Walsh S, Liu F, Kayser M. Towards broadening Forensic DNA Phenotyping beyond pigmentation: Improving the prediction of head hair shape from DNA. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 37:241-251. [PMID: 30268682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human head hair shape, commonly classified as straight, wavy, curly or frizzy, is an attractive target for Forensic DNA Phenotyping and other applications of human appearance prediction from DNA such as in paleogenetics. The genetic knowledge underlying head hair shape variation was recently improved by the outcome of a series of genome-wide association and replication studies in a total of 26,964 subjects, highlighting 12 loci of which 8 were novel and introducing a prediction model for Europeans based on 14 SNPs. In the present study, we evaluated the capacity of DNA-based head hair shape prediction by investigating an extended set of candidate SNP predictors and by using an independent set of samples for model validation. Prediction model building was carried out in 9674 subjects (6068 from Europe, 2899 from Asia and 707 of admixed European and Asian ancestries), used previously, by considering a novel list of 90 candidate SNPs. For model validation, genotype and phenotype data were newly collected in 2415 independent subjects (2138 Europeans and 277 non-Europeans) by applying two targeted massively parallel sequencing platforms, Ion Torrent PGM and MiSeq, or the MassARRAY platform. A binomial model was developed to predict straight vs. non-straight hair based on 32 SNPs from 26 genetic loci we identified as significantly contributing to the model. This model achieved prediction accuracies, expressed as AUC, of 0.664 in Europeans and 0.789 in non-Europeans; the statistically significant difference was explained mostly by the effect of one EDAR SNP in non-Europeans. Considering sex and age, in addition to the SNPs, slightly and insignificantly increased the prediction accuracies (AUC of 0.680 and 0.800, respectively). Based on the sample size and candidate DNA markers investigated, this study provides the most robust, validated, and accurate statistical prediction models and SNP predictor marker sets currently available for predicting head hair shape from DNA, providing the next step towards broadening Forensic DNA Phenotyping beyond pigmentation traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pośpiech
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-104, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Magdalena Kukla-Bartoszek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystal Breslin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), IN, USA
| | - Anastasia Aliferi
- King's Forensics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe D Andersen
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Ballard
- King's Forensics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshmi Chaitanya
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana Freire-Aradas
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, D-50823, Cologne, Germany; Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kristiaan J van der Gaag
- Division of Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Girón-Santamaría
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Theresa E Gross
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, D-50823, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Gysi
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Huber
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ana Mosquera-Miguel
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Charanya Muralidharan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), IN, USA
| | - Małgorzata Skowron
- Department of Dermatology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Skawińska st. 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cordula Haas
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, 13 Thomas Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher Phillips
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Peter M Schneider
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, D-50823, Cologne, Germany
| | - Titia Sijen
- Division of Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Syndercombe-Court
- King's Forensics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marielle Vennemann
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Münster, Röntgenstr. 23, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sijie Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Song Hu Road Shanghai, 200438, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai-Tech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China
| | - Li Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Song Hu Road Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Sijia Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Song Hu Road Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Ghu Zhu
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nick G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), IN, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-104, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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25
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Pośpiech E, Lee SD, Kukla-Bartoszek M, Karłowska-Pik J, Woźniak A, Boroń M, Zubańska M, Bronikowska A, Hong SR, Lee JH, Wojas-Pelc A, Lee HY, Spólnicka M, Branicki W. Variation in the RPTN gene may facilitate straight hair formation in Europeans and East Asians. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:331-334. [PMID: 29935789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pośpiech
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Kukla-Bartoszek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Karłowska-Pik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Chopina St. 12/18, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak
- Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Boroń
- Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zubańska
- Unit of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Internal Security, Police Academy, Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego St. 111, 12-100, Szczytno, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bronikowska
- Department of Dermatology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Skawinska St. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sae Rom Hong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Anna Wojas-Pelc
- Department of Dermatology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Skawinska St. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Hwan Young Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Spólnicka
- Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland; Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Xu Q, Kang X, Wang K, Wu K, Fang M. Integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis reveals regulatory pathways underlying the curly fleece trait in Chinese tan sheep. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:360. [PMID: 29751742 PMCID: PMC5948824 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tan sheep is an indigenous Chinese breed well known for its beautiful curly fleece. One prominent breed characteristic of this sheep breed is that the degree of curliness differs markedly between lambs and adults, but the molecular mechanisms regulating the shift are still not well understood. In this study, we identified 49 differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) between Tan sheep at the two stages through miRNA-seq, and combined the data with that in our earlier Suppression Subtractive Hybridization cDNA (SSH) library study to elucidate the mechanisms underlying curly fleece formation. Results Thirty-six potential miRNA-mRNA target pairs were identified using computational methods, including 25 DE miRNAs and 10 DE genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. With the differential expressions between lambs and adults confirmed by qRT-PCR, some miRNAs were already annotated in the genome, but some were novel miRNAs. Inhibition of KRT83 expression by miR-432 was confirmed by both gene knockdown with siRNA and overexpression, which was consistent with the miRNAs and targets prediction results. Conclusion Our study represents the comprehensive analysis of mRNA and miRNA in Tan sheep and offers detailed insight into the development of curly fleece as well as the potential mechanisms controlling curly hair formation in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4736-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Qiao Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Kang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Shigehara Y, Okuda S, Nemer G, Chedraoui A, Hayashi R, Bitar F, Nakai H, Abbas O, Daou L, Abe R, Sleiman MB, Kibbi AG, Kurban M, Shimomura Y. Mutations in SDR9C7 gene encoding an enzyme for vitamin A metabolism underlie autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4484-4493. [PMID: 28173123 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary skin disorder characterized by an aberrant cornification of the epidermis. ARCI is classified into a total of 11 subtypes (ARCI1-ARCI11) based on their causative genes or loci. Of these, the causative gene for only ARCI7 has not been identified, while it was previously mapped on chromosome 12p11.2-q13.1. In this study, we performed genetic analyses for three Lebanese families with ARCI, and successfully determined the linkage interval to 9.47 Mb region on chromosome 12q13.13-q14.1, which was unexpectedly outside of the ARCI7 locus. Whole-exome sequencing and the subsequent Sanger sequencing led to the identification of missense mutations in short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C, member 7 (SDR9C7) gene on chromosome 12q13.3, i.e. two families shared an identical homozygous mutation c.599T > C (p.Ile200Thr) and one family had another homozygous mutation c.214C > T (p.Arg72Trp). In cultured cells, expression of both the mutant SDR9C7 proteins was markedly reduced as compared to wild-type protein, suggesting that the mutations severely affected a stability of the protein. In normal human skin, the SDR9C7 was abundantly expressed in granular and cornified layers of the epidermis. By contrast, in a patient’s skin, its expression in the cornified layer was significantly decreased. It has previously been reported that SDR9C7 is an enzyme to convert retinal into retinol. Therefore, our study not only adds a new gene responsible for ARCI, but also further suggests a potential role of vitamin A metabolism in terminal differentiation of the epidermis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohya Shigehara
- Divisions of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Georges Nemer
- Biochemistry & molecular genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adele Chedraoui
- Department of Dermatology, Lebanese American University-Hospital Rizk, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ryota Hayashi
- Divisions of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fadi Bitar
- Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Laetitia Daou
- Department of Laboratory medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Divisions of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maria Bou Sleiman
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdul Ghani Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Biochemistry & molecular genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Divisions of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Abstract
Background Woolly Hair is an uncommon congenital anomaly of the scalp hair presenting with strongly coiled hair involving a localized area of the scalp or covering the entire side and occurring in non-black people. Isolated or localized wooly hair is usually benign and is not related to other disorders and/or complications. On the contrary, the generalized type may be related to disorders and syndromes affecting heart, cutis, liver and gastrointestinal organs. Among the syndromes presenting with wooly hair, the most known are the Naxos syndrome, the Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, the wooly hair/hypotrichosis, the ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility, the tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome. Case presentation To our knowledge, no cases of wooly hair syndromes has been associated to neurologic involvement. Among the clinical notes of patients admitted in the Pediatric Units of the Catania University, we have selected four individuals presenting wooly hair, who showed different clinical features and course: case 1 presenting with a localized wooly hair type; case 2, member of a family affected by WH with autosomal dominant inheritance, not associated to complications; case 3, a wooly hair patient who displayed a progressive, severe form of Rasmussen’s encephalitis with fatal evolution, and case 4, wooly hair associated to brain malformation and drug-resistant epilepsy. Conclusions With this report, we aim to underline the wide spectrum of clinical presentation of individuals with WH and in particular we wish to give an annotation on a possible association of WH with severe neurologic disorders.
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29
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A Missense Mutation within the Helix Termination Motif of KRT25 Causes Autosomal Dominant Woolly Hair/Hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:230-233. [PMID: 28899683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Finch J, Abrams S, Finch A. Analogs of human genetic skin disease in domesticated animals. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3:170-175. [PMID: 28831430 PMCID: PMC5555282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic skin diseases encompass a vast, complex, and ever expanding field. Recognition of the features of these diseases is important to ascertain a correct diagnosis, initiate treatment, consider genetic counseling, and refer patients to specialists when the disease may impact other areas. Because genodermatoses may present with a vast array of features, it can be bewildering to memorize them. This manuscript will explain and depict some genetic skin diseases that occur in both humans and domestic animals and offer a connection and memorization aid for physicians. In addition, we will explore how animal diseases serve as a model to uncover the mechanisms of human disease. The genetic skin diseases we will review are pigmentary mosaicism, piebaldism, albinism, Griscelli syndrome, ectodermal dysplasias, Waardenburg syndrome, and mucinosis in both humans and domesticated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Finch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Stephanie Abrams
- The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy Finch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Journey toward unraveling the molecular basis of hereditary hair disorders. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:232-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Singh G, Miteva M. Prognosis and Management of Congenital Hair Shaft Disorders without Fragility-Part II. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:481-7. [PMID: 27293153 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hair shaft disorders are characterized by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the hair shaft. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the prognosis and treatment options for hair shaft disorders. We used keywords in the search engines PubMed and Medline to identify all publications in English related to the prognosis and management of hair shaft disorders. Data were extracted from 96 articles that met search criteria. Findings were limited to case reports and small case series, as no studies were found. Disorders that improve in childhood include pili torti, trichorrhexis invaginata, woolly hair, and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Others, such as trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili bifurcati, improve with minoxidil. Oral retinoids have been found to improve hair abnormalities in trichorrhexis invaginata and monilethrix. There is no specific treatment for congenital hair shaft abnormalities. Gentle hair care is the mainstay of care for hair shaft disorders associated with fragility. Practices for gentle care include no brushing, backcombing, chemical products, tight braids, heat exposure, or mechanical grooming. Furthermore, any inherited or congenital disorder requires genetic counseling as part of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Zernov NV, Skoblov MY, Marakhonov AV, Shimomura Y, Vasilyeva TA, Konovalov FA, Abrukova AV, Zinchenko RA. Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis with Woolly Hair Caused by a Mutation in the Keratin 25 Gene Expressed in Hair Follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1097-1105. [PMID: 26902920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypotrichosis is an abnormal condition characterized by decreased hair density and various defects in hair structure and growth patterns. In particular, in woolly hair, hypotrichosis is characterized by a tightly curled structure and abnormal growth. In this study, we present a detailed comparative examination of individuals affected by autosomal-recessive hypotrichosis (ARH), which distinguishes two types of ARH. Earlier, we demonstrated that exon 4 deletion in the lipase H gene caused an ARH (hypotrichosis 7; MIM: 604379) in populations of the Volga-Ural region of Russia. Screening for this mutation in all affected individuals revealed its presence only in the group with the hypotrichosis 7 phenotype. Other patients formed a separate group of woolly hair-associated ARH, with a homozygous missense mutation c.712G>T (p.Val238Leu) in a highly conserved position of type I keratin KRT25 (K25). Haplotype analysis indicated a founder effect. An expression study in the HaCaT cell line demonstrated a deleterious effect of the p.Val238Leu mutation on the formation of keratin intermediate filaments. Hence, we have identified a previously unreported missense mutation in the KRT25 gene causing ARH with woolly hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Zernov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Y Skoblov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V Marakhonov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Regenerative and Genetic Medical Center of the Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatyana A Vasilyeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor A Konovalov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Regenerative and Genetic Medical Center of the Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Abrukova
- Ministry of Health and Social Development of Chuvash Republic, Presidential Perinatal Center, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Rena A Zinchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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Bitar F, Najjar T, Hayashi R, Nemer G, Shigehara Y, Hamie L, Abbas O, Kibbi AG, Shimomura Y, Kurban M. A novel heterozygous mutation in desmoplakin gene in a Lebanese patient with Carvajal syndrome and tooth agenesis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:e217-e219. [PMID: 26833927 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Bitar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - T Najjar
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - G Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Y Shigehara
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - L Hamie
- Medical Student American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - O Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A G Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Y Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Kurban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Ansar M, Raza SI, Lee K, Irfanullah, Shahi S, Acharya A, Dai H, Smith JD, Shendure J, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Santos-Cortez RLP, Ahmad W, Leal SM. A homozygous missense variant in type I keratin KRT25 causes autosomal recessive woolly hair. J Med Genet 2015; 52:676-80. [PMID: 26160856 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woolly hair (WH) is a hair abnormality that is primarily characterised by tightly curled hair with abnormal growth. METHODS In two unrelated consanguineous Pakistani families with non-syndromic autosomal recessive (AR) WH, homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis identified a locus within 17q21.1-q22, which contains the type I keratin gene cluster. A DNA sample from an affected individual from each family underwent exome sequencing. RESULTS A homozygous missense variant c.950T>C (p.(Leu317Pro)) within KRT25 segregated with ARWH in both families, and has a combined maximum two-point LOD score of 7.9 at ϴ=0. The KRT25 variant is predicted to result in disruption of the second α-helical rod domain and the entire protein structure, thus possibly interfering with heterodimerisation of K25 with type II keratins within the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle and the medulla of the hair shaft. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate a novel gene involved in human hair abnormality, and are consistent with the curled, fragile hair found in mice with Krt25 mutations, and further support the role of IRS-specific type I keratins in hair follicle development and maintenance of hair texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Shahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hang Dai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hayashi R, Inoue A, Suga Y, Aoki J, Shimomura Y. Analysis of unique mutations in the LPAR6 gene identified in a Japanese family with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis: Establishment of a useful assay system for LPA6. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 78:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Immune status, strain background, and anatomic site of inoculation affect mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) induction of exophytic papillomas or endophytic trichoblastomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113582. [PMID: 25474466 PMCID: PMC4256377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) induce papillomas, premalignant lesions, and carcinomas in a wide variety of species. PVs are classified first based on their host and tissue tropism and then their genomic diversities. A laboratory mouse papillomavirus, MmuPV1 (formerly MusPV), was horizontally transmitted within an inbred colony of NMRI-Foxn1(nu)/Foxn1nu (nude; T cell deficient) mice of an unknown period of time. A ground-up, filtered papilloma inoculum was not capable of infecting C57BL/6J wild-type mice; however, immunocompetent, alopecic, S/RV/Cri-ba/ba (bare) mice developed small papillomas at injection sites that regressed. NMRI-Foxn1(nu) and B6.Cg-Foxn1(nu), but not NU/J-Foxn1(nu), mice were susceptible to MmuPV1 infection. B6 congenic strains, but not other congenic strains carrying the same allelic mutations, lacking B- and T-cells, but not B-cells alone, were susceptible to infection, indicating that mouse strain and T-cell deficiency are critical to tumor formation. Lesions initially observed were exophytic papillomas around the muzzle, exophytic papillomas on the tail, and condylomas of the vaginal lining which could be induced by separate scarification or simultaneous scarification of MmuPV1 at all four sites. On the dorsal skin, locally invasive, poorly differentiated tumors developed with features similar to human trichoblastomas. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences between the normal skin in these anatomic sites and in papillomas versus trichoblastomas. The primarily dysregulated genes involved molecular pathways associated with cancer, cellular development, cellular growth and proliferation, cell morphology, and connective tissue development and function. Although trichoepitheliomas are benign, aggressive tumors, few of the genes commonly associated with basal cell carcinoma or squamous cells carcinoma were highly dysregulated.
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Hayashi R, Inui S, Farooq M, Ito M, Shimomura Y. Expression studies of a novel splice site mutation in theLIPHgene identified in a Japanese patient with autosomal recessive woolly hair. J Dermatol 2014; 41:890-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Shigeki Inui
- Department of Regenerative Dermatology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Division of Dermatology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
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Yoshida H, Taguchi H, Hachiya A, Kitahara T, Boissy RE, Visscher MO. The natural trait of the curvature of human hair is correlated with bending of the hair follicle and hair bulb by a structural disparity in the root sheath. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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In silico analysis of missense mutations in LPAR6 reveals abnormal phospholipid signaling pathway leading to hypotrichosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104756. [PMID: 25119526 PMCID: PMC4132050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis is a rare genetic irreversible hair loss disorder characterized by sparse scalp hair, sparse to absent eyebrows and eyelashes, and sparse axillary and body hair. The study, presented here, established genetic linkage in four families showing similar phenotypes to lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6) gene on chromosome 13q14.11-q21.32. Subsequently, sequence analysis of the gene revealed two previously reported missense mutations including p.D63V in affected members of one and p.I188F in three other families. Molecular modeling and docking analysis was performed to investigate binding of a ligand oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to modeled protein structures of normal and mutated (D63V, G146R, I188F, N248Y, S3T, L277P) LPAR6 receptors. The mutant receptors showed a complete shift in orientation of LPA at the binding site. In addition, hydropathy analysis revealed a significant change in the membrane spanning topology of LPAR6 helical segments. The present study further substantiated involvement of LPAR6-LPA signaling in the pathogenesis of hypotrichosis/woolly hair and provided additional insight into the molecular mechanism of hair development.
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Genovese DW, Johnson TL, Lamb KE, Gram WD. Histological and dermatoscopic description of sphynx cat skin. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:523-9, e89-90. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Genovese
- Animal Allergy and Dermatology; 1124 Lynnhaven Parkway Virginia Beach VA 23452 USA
| | - Tammy L. Johnson
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.; One IDEXX Drive; Westbrook ME 04092 USA
| | - Ken E. Lamb
- Lamb Consulting; 404 Thompson Avenue West West Saint Paul MN 55118 USA
| | - Wallace D. Gram
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
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Duverger O, Morasso MI. To grow or not to grow: hair morphogenesis and human genetic hair disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 25-26:22-33. [PMID: 24361867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models have greatly helped in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in hair formation and regeneration. Recent publications have reviewed the genes involved in mouse hair development based on the phenotype of transgenic, knockout and mutant animal models. While much of this information has been instrumental in determining molecular aspects of human hair development and cycling, mice exhibit a specific pattern of hair morphogenesis and hair distribution throughout the body that cannot be directly correlated to human hair. In this mini-review, we discuss specific aspects of human hair follicle development and present an up-to-date summary of human genetic disorders associated with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, structure or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duverger
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Gandolfi B, Alhaddad H, Affolter VK, Brockman J, Haggstrom J, Joslin SEK, Koehne AL, Mullikin JC, Outerbridge CA, Warren WC, Lyons LA. To the Root of the Curl: A Signature of a Recent Selective Sweep Identifies a Mutation That Defines the Cornish Rex Cat Breed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67105. [PMID: 23826204 PMCID: PMC3694948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cat (Felis silvestris catus) shows significant variation in pelage, morphological, and behavioral phenotypes amongst its over 40 domesticated breeds. The majority of the breed specific phenotypic presentations originated through artificial selection, especially on desired novel phenotypic characteristics that arose only a few hundred years ago. Variations in coat texture and color of hair often delineate breeds amongst domestic animals. Although the genetic basis of several feline coat colors and hair lengths are characterized, less is known about the genes influencing variation in coat growth and texture, especially rexoid – curly coated types. Cornish Rex is a cat breed defined by a fixed recessive curly coat trait. Genome-wide analyses for selection (di, Tajima’s D and nucleotide diversity) were performed in the Cornish Rex breed and in 11 phenotypically diverse breeds and two random bred populations. Approximately 63K SNPs were used in the analysis that aimed to localize the locus controlling the rexoid hair texture. A region with a strong signature of recent selective sweep was identified in the Cornish Rex breed on chromosome A1, as well as a consensus block of homozygosity that spans approximately 3 Mb. Inspection of the region for candidate genes led to the identification of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6). A 4 bp deletion in exon 5, c.250_253_delTTTG, which induces a premature stop codon in the receptor, was identified via Sanger sequencing. The mutation is fixed in Cornish Rex, absent in all straight haired cats analyzed, and is also segregating in the German Rex breed. LPAR6 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the hair shaft; and has mutations resulting in a wooly hair phenotype in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Brockman
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jens Haggstrom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shannon E. K. Joslin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Koehne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - James C. Mullikin
- Comparative Genomics Unit, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Wesley C. Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Abstract
The study of rare genetic disorders of the hair follicle has resulted in the identification of many causative genes, leading to the potential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for both inherited and acquired hair disorders. In this issue, Fujimoto et al. identify a missense mutation within the keratin 71 (KRT71) gene as the cause for autosomal dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis in a Japanese family. This represents the first human mutation in KRT71 to be linked to a hair disorder, establishing this gene as an important determinant of mammalian hair texture. Moreover, this finding provides new insight into the relationship between similar phenotypes resulting from mutations in distinct regulatory pathways and underscores the role of the inner root sheath in human hair growth.
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Gandolfi B, Alhaddad H, Joslin SEK, Khan R, Filler S, Brem G, Lyons LA. A splice variant in KRT71 is associated with curly coat phenotype of Selkirk Rex cats. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2000. [PMID: 23770706 PMCID: PMC3683669 DOI: 10.1038/srep02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the salient features of the domestic cat is the aesthetics of its fur. The Selkirk Rex breed is defined by an autosomal dominant woolly rexoid hair (ADWH) abnormality that is characterized by tightly curled hair shafts. A genome-wide case - control association study was conducted using 9 curly coated Selkirk Rex and 29 controls, including straight-coated Selkirk Rex, British Shorthair and Persian, to localize the Selkirk autosomal dominant rexoid locus (SADRE). Although the control cats were from different breed lineages, they share recent breeding histories and were validated as controls by Bayesian clustering, multi-dimensional scaling and genomic inflation. A significant association was found on cat chromosome B4 (Praw = 2.87 × 10(-11)), and a unique haplotype spanning ~600 Kb was found in all the curly coated cats. Direct sequencing of four candidate genes revealed a splice site variant within the KRT71 gene associated with the hair abnormality in Selkirk Rex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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