1
|
De Silva WGM, Sequeira VB, Yang C, Dixon KM, Holland AJA, Mason RS, Rybchyn MS. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Suppresses UV-Induced Poly(ADP-Ribose) Levels in Primary Human Keratinocytes, as Detected by a Novel Whole-Cell ELISA. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5583. [PMID: 38891771 PMCID: PMC11171802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoprotective properties of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to reduce UV-induced DNA damage have been established in several studies. UV-induced DNA damage in skin such as single or double strand breaks is known to initiate several cellular mechanisms including activation of poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). DNA damage from UV also increases extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, which further increases PARP activity. PARP-1 functions by using cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to synthesise pADPr moieties and attach these to target proteins involved in DNA repair. Excessive PARP-1 activation following cellular stress such as UV irradiation may result in excessive levels of cellular pADPr. This can also have deleterious effects on cellular energy levels due to depletion of NAD+ to suboptimal levels. Since our previous work indicated that 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced UV-induced DNA damage in part through increased repair via increased energy availability, the current study investigated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on UV-induced PARP-1 activity using a novel whole-cell enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which quantified levels of the enzymatic product of PARP-1, pADPr. This whole cell assay used around 5000 cells per replicate measurement, which represents a 200-400-fold decrease in cell requirement compared to current commercial assays that measure in vitro pADPr levels. Using our assay, we observed that UV exposure significantly increased pADPr levels in human keratinocytes, while 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced levels of UV-induced pADPr in primary human keratinocytes to a similar extent as a known PARP-1 inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (3AB). Further, both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 3AB as well as a peptide inhibitor of ERK-phosphorylation significantly reduced DNA damage in UV-exposed keratinocytes. The current findings support the proposal that reduction in pADPr levels may be critical for the function of 1,25(OH)2D3 in skin to reduce UV-induced DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Bernadette Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Andrew J. A. Holland
- Douglas Cohen Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He X, Gao X, Xie W. Research Progress in Skin Aging and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4101. [PMID: 38612909 PMCID: PMC11012511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process involving structural and functional changes and is characterized by a decrease in collagen content, reduced skin thickness, dryness, and the formation of wrinkles. This process is underpinned by multiple mechanisms including the free radical theory, inflammation theory, photoaging theory, and metabolic theory. The skin immune system, an indispensable part of the body's defense mechanism, comprises macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells. These cells play a pivotal role in maintaining skin homeostasis and responding to injury or infection. As age advances, along with various internal and external environmental stimuli, skin immune cells may undergo senescence or accelerated aging, characterized by reduced cell division capability, increased mortality, changes in gene expression patterns and signaling pathways, and altered immune cell functions. These changes collectively impact the overall function of the immune system. This review summarizes the relationship between skin aging and immunity and explores the characteristics of skin aging, the composition and function of the skin immune system, the aging of immune cells, and the effects of these cells on immune function and skin aging. Immune dysfunction plays a significant role in skin aging, suggesting that immunoregulation may become one of the important strategies for the prevention and treatment of skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Silva WGM, McCarthy BY, Han J, Yang C, Holland AJA, Stern H, Dixon KM, Tang EKY, Tuckey RC, Rybchyn MS, Mason RS. The Over-Irradiation Metabolite Derivative, 24-Hydroxylumister-ol 3, Reduces UV-Induced Damage in Skin. Metabolites 2023; 13:775. [PMID: 37512482 PMCID: PMC10383208 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, reduces UV-induced DNA damage. UV exposure initiates pre-vitamin D3 production in the skin, and continued UV exposure photoisomerizes pre-vitamin D3 to produce "over-irradiation products" such as lumisterol3 (L3). Cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) in skin catalyzes the conversion of L3 to produce three main derivatives: 24-hydroxy-L3 [24(OH)L3], 22-hydroxy-L3 [22(OH)L3], and 20,22-dihydroxy-L3 [20,22(OH)L3]. The current study investigated the photoprotective properties of the major over-irradiation metabolite, 24(OH)L3, in human primary keratinocytes and human skin explants. The results indicated that treatment immediately after UV with either 24(OH)L3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and oxidative DNA damage, with similar concentration response curves in keratinocytes, although in skin explants, 1,25(OH)2D3 was more potent. The reductions in DNA damage by both compounds were, at least in part, the result of increased DNA repair through increased energy availability via increased glycolysis, as well as increased DNA damage recognition proteins in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Reductions in UV-induced DNA photolesions by either compound occurred in the presence of lower reactive oxygen species. The results indicated that under in vitro and ex vivo conditions, 24(OH)L3 provided photoprotection against UV damage similar to that of 1,25(OH)2D3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Yuko McCarthy
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeremy Han
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- Douglas Cohen Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Harvey Stern
- Department of Plastic and Constructive Surgery, The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Strathfield Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edith Kai Yan Tang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert Charles Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kinkéliba ( Combretum micranthum) Leaf Extract Alleviates Skin Inflammation: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041791. [PMID: 36838778 PMCID: PMC9964726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum, Seh-Haw in Wolof) is a popular bush tea in West African countries. Although the kinkéliba plant's leaves have been widely consumed for its nutritional and medicinal properties, its benefits on skin health potential have been practically untouched. In human epidermal primary keratinocytes, vitexin and isovitexin-rich kinkéliba extract treatment significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced up to 39.6% of the cell survival rate decreased by UV radiation irritation. The treatment of kinkéliba leaf extracts also reduced the production of UV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 by 57.6% and 42.5%, respectively (p < 0.001), which cause skin redness and skin barrier dysfunction, as well as wrinkles and collagen degradation. The anti-inflammation efficacy of kinkéliba leaf extracts might involve significant inhibition on the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (-70.8%, p < 0.001) and nitrotyrosine (-56.9%, p < 0.05). Further topical applications of kinkéliba leaf extract gel were found to reduce sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced skin inflammation: at D7, the skin trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin redness (a* value) were both reduced by 59.81% (p < 0.001) and 22.4% (p < 0.001), compared with D0. In vitro and in vivo data support a new topical application of the kinkéliba leaf as an effective active ingredient for the treatment of skin inflammation, as well as subsequent barrier dysfunction and inflammaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Żmijewski MA. Nongenomic Activities of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235104. [PMID: 36501134 PMCID: PMC9737885 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D shows a variety of pleiotropic activities which cannot be fully explained by the stimulation of classic pathway- and vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent transcriptional modulation. Thus, existence of rapid and nongenomic responses to vitamin D was suggested. An active form of vitamin D (calcitriol, 1,25(OH)2D3) is an essential regulator of calcium-phosphate homeostasis, and this process is tightly regulated by VDR genomic activity. However, it seems that early in evolution, the production of secosteroids (vitamin-D-like steroids) and their subsequent photodegradation served as a protective mechanism against ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress. Consequently, direct cell-protective activities of vitamin D were proven. Furthermore, calcitriol triggers rapid calcium influx through epithelia and its uptake by a variety of cells. Subsequently, protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) was described as a membrane vitamin D receptor responsible for rapid nongenomic responses. Vitamin D was also found to stimulate a release of secondary massagers and modulate several intracellular processes-including cell cycle, proliferation, or immune responses-through wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SSH), STAT1-3, or NF-kappaB pathways. Megalin and its coreceptor, cubilin, facilitate the import of vitamin D complex with vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP), and its involvement in rapid membrane responses was suggested. Vitamin D also directly and indirectly influences mitochondrial function, including fusion-fission, energy production, mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of ion channels, and apoptosis. Although mechanisms of the nongenomic responses to vitamin D are still not fully understood, in this review, their impact on physiology, pathology, and potential clinical applications will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, PL-80211 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang C, Rybchyn MS, De Silva WGM, Matthews J, Holland AJA, Conigrave AD, Mason RS. UV-induced DNA Damage in Skin is Reduced by CaSR Inhibition. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1157-1166. [PMID: 35288938 PMCID: PMC9540002 DOI: 10.1111/php.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis maintains a cellular calcium gradient that supports keratinocyte differentiation from its basal layers (low) to outer layers (high) leading to the development of the stratum corneum, which resists penetration of UV radiation. The calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) expressed in keratinocytes responds to the calcium gradient with signals that promote differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether the CaSR is involved more directly in protection from UV damage in studies of human keratinocytes in primary culture and in mouse skin studied in vivo. siRNA‐directed reductions in CaSR protein levels in human keratinocytes significantly reduced UV‐induced direct cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) by ~80% and oxidative DNA damage (8‐OHdG) by ~65% compared with control transfected cells. Similarly, in untransfected cells, the CaSR negative modulator, NPS‐2143 (500 nm), reduced UV‐induced CPD and 8‐OHdG by ~70%. NPS‐2143 also enhanced DNA repair and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ~35% in UV‐exposed keratinocytes, consistent with reduced DNA damage after UV exposure. Topical application of NPS‐2143 also protected hairless Skh:hr1 mice from UV‐induced CPD, oxidative DNA damage and inflammation, similar to the reductions observed in response to the well‐known photoprotection agent 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol). Thus, negative modulators of the CaSR offer a new approach to reducing UV‐induced skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | | | - Jim Matthews
- Sydney Informatics Hub, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- Douglas Cohen Department of Paediatric Surgery, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arthur David Conigrave
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Silva WGM, Han JZR, Yang C, Tongkao-On W, McCarthy BY, Ince FA, Holland AJA, Tuckey RC, Slominski AT, Abboud M, Dixon KM, Rybchyn MS, Mason RS. Evidence for Involvement of Nonclassical Pathways in the Protection From UV-Induced DNA Damage by Vitamin D-Related Compounds. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10555. [PMID: 34950826 PMCID: PMC8674768 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D hormone, 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and related compounds derived from vitamin D3 or lumisterol as a result of metabolism via the enzyme CYP11A1, have been shown, when applied 24 hours before or immediately after UV irradiation, to protect human skin cells and skin from DNA damage due to UV exposure, by reducing both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and oxidative damage in the form of 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). We now report that knockdown of either the vitamin D receptor or the endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp57 by small, interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the reductions in UV‐induced DNA damage with 20‐hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24‐hydroxylumisterol3, as previously shown for 1,25(OH)2D3. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced oxygen consumption rates in UV‐exposed and sham‐exposed human keratinocytes and reduced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response binding element protein (CREB). Both these actions have been shown to inhibit skin carcinogenesis after chronic UV exposure, consistent with the anticarcinogenic activity of 1,25(OH)2D3. The requirement for a vitamin D receptor for the photoprotective actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 and of naturally occurring CYP11A1‐derived vitamin D–related compounds may explain why mice lacking the vitamin D receptor in skin are more susceptible to UV‐induced skin cancers, whereas mice lacking the 1α‐hydroxylase and thus unable to make 1,25(OH)2D3 are not more susceptible. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Zhuo Ru Han
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Chen Yang
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Wannit Tongkao-On
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Bianca Yuko McCarthy
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Furkan Akif Ince
- Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - Katie Marie Dixon
- Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Mark Stephen Rybchyn
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering University of NSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Rebecca Sara Mason
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bocheva G, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. The Impact of Vitamin D on Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169097. [PMID: 34445803 PMCID: PMC8396468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The active metabolites of vitamin D3 (D3) and lumisterol (L3) exert a variety of antiaging and photoprotective effects on the skin. These are achieved through immunomodulation and include anti-inflammatory actions, regulation of keratinocytes proliferation, and differentiation programs to build the epidermal barrier necessary for maintaining skin homeostasis. In addition, they induce antioxidative responses, inhibit DNA damage and induce DNA repair mechanisms to attenuate premature skin aging and cancerogenesis. The mechanism of action would involve interaction with multiple nuclear receptors including VDR, AhR, LXR, reverse agonism on RORα and -γ, and nongenomic actions through 1,25D3-MARRS receptor and interaction with the nongenomic binding site of the VDR. Therefore, active forms of vitamin D3 including its canonical (1,25(OH)2D3) and noncanonical (CYP11A1-intitated) D3 derivatives as well as L3 derivatives are promising agents for the prevention, attenuation, or treatment of premature skin aging. They could be administrated orally and/or topically. Other forms of parenteral application of vitamin D3 precursor should be considered to avoid its predominant metabolism to 25(OH)D3 that is not recognized by CYP11A1 enzyme. The efficacy of topically applied vitamin D3 and L3 derivatives needs further clinical evaluation in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jagoda SV, Dixon KM. Protective effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and its analogs on ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress: a review. Redox Rep 2021; 25:11-16. [PMID: 32093585 PMCID: PMC7054951 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1731261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The active vitamin D compound, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is produced in skin cells following exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. However, there are many harmful effects of UV which include DNA damage caused by direct absorption of UV, as well as that caused indirectly via UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, 1,25D and analogs have been shown to reduce both direct and indirect UV-induced DNA damage in skin cells. This was accompanied by reductions in ROS and in nitric oxide products with 1,25D following UV. Moreover, following acute UV exposure, 1,25D has been demonstrated to increase p53 levels in skin, which would presumably allow for repair of cells with damaged DNA, or apoptosis of cells with irreparably damaged DNA. Previous studies have also shown that p53 reduces intracellular ROS. Furthermore, 1,25D has been shown to induce metallothioneins, which are potent free radical scavengers. In addition to these protective effects, 1,25D has been demonstrated to inhibit stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases following UV exposure, and to increase levels of the stress-induced protein heme oxygenase-1 in a model of oxidative stress. Herein, we discuss the protective effects of 1,25D and analogs in the context of UV, oxidative stress and skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shemani Vishalya Jagoda
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Non-Musculoskeletal Benefits of Vitamin D beyond the Musculoskeletal System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042128. [PMID: 33669918 PMCID: PMC7924658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone, is endogenously synthesized in response to sunlight or taken from dietary supplements. Since vitamin D receptors are present in most tissues and cells in the body, the mounting understanding of the role of vitamin D in humans indicates that it does not only play an important role in the musculoskeletal system, but has beneficial effects elsewhere as well. This review summarizes the metabolism of vitamin D, the research regarding the possible risk factors leading to vitamin D deficiency, and the relationships between vitamin D deficiency and numerous illnesses, including rickets, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, muscle weakness and falls, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, and neurological disorders. The system-wide effects of vitamin D and the mechanisms of the diseases are also discussed. Although accumulating evidence supports associations of vitamin D deficiency with physical and mental disorders and beneficial effects of vitamin D with health maintenance and disease prevention, there continue to be controversies over the beneficial effects of vitamin D. Thus, more well-designed and statistically powered trials are required to enable the assessment of vitamin D’s role in optimizing health and preventing disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sex Differences in Photoprotective Responses to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Mice Are Modulated by the Estrogen Receptor-β. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041962. [PMID: 33669452 PMCID: PMC7920427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to photoimmune suppression and photocarcinogenesis is greater in male than in female humans and mice and is exacerbated in female estrogen receptor-beta knockout (ER-β−/−) mice. We previously reported that the active vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), applied topically protects against the ultraviolet radiation (UV) induction of cutaneous cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and the suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in female mice. Here, we compare these responses in female versus male Skh:hr1 mice, in ER-β−/−/−− versus wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and in female ER-blockaded Skh:hr1 mice. The induction of CPDs was significantly greater in male than female Skh:hr1 mice and was more effectively reduced by 1,25(OH)2D in female Skh:hr1 and C57BL/6 mice than in male Skh:hr1 or ER-β−/− mice, respectively. This correlated with the reduced sunburn inflammation due to 1,25(OH)2D in female but not male Skh:hr1 mice. Furthermore, although 1,25(OH)2D alone dose-dependently suppressed basal CHS responses in male Skh:hr1 and ER-β−/− mice, UV-induced immunosuppression was universally observed. In female Skh:hr1 and C57BL/6 mice, the immunosuppression was decreased by 1,25(OH)2D dose-dependently, but not in male Skh:hr1, ER-β−/−, or ER-blockaded mice. These results reveal a sex bias in genetic, inflammatory, and immune photoprotection by 1,25(OH)2D favoring female mice that is dependent on the presence of ER-β.
Collapse
|
12
|
Protection from Ultraviolet Damage and Photocarcinogenesis by Vitamin D Compounds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1268:227-253. [PMID: 32918222 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of skin cells to UV radiation results in DNA damage, which if inadequately repaired, may cause mutations. UV-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species also cause local and systemic suppression of the adaptive immune system. Together, these changes underpin the development of skin tumours. The hormone derived from vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and other related compounds, working via the vitamin D receptor and at least in part through endoplasmic reticulum protein 57 (ERp57), reduce cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and oxidative DNA damage in keratinocytes and other skin cell types after UV. Calcitriol and related compounds enhance DNA repair in keratinocytes, in part through decreased reactive oxygen species, increased p53 expression and/or activation, increased repair proteins and increased energy availability in the cell when calcitriol is present after UV exposure. There is mitochondrial damage in keratinocytes after UV. In the presence of calcitriol, but not vehicle, glycolysis is increased after UV, along with increased energy-conserving autophagy and changes consistent with enhanced mitophagy. Reduced DNA damage and reduced ROS/RNS should help reduce UV-induced immune suppression. Reduced UV immune suppression is observed after topical treatment with calcitriol and related compounds in hairless mice. These protective effects of calcitriol and related compounds presumably contribute to the observed reduction in skin tumour formation in mice after chronic exposure to UV followed by topical post-irradiation treatment with calcitriol and some, though not all, related compounds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Slominski AT, Chaiprasongsuk A, Janjetovic Z, Kim TK, Stefan J, Slominski RM, Hanumanthu VS, Raman C, Qayyum S, Song Y, Song Y, Panich U, Crossman DK, Athar M, Holick MF, Jetten AM, Zmijewski MA, Zmijewski J, Tuckey RC. Photoprotective Properties of Vitamin D and Lumisterol Hydroxyderivatives. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:165-180. [PMID: 32441029 PMCID: PMC7347247 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described new pathways of vitamin D3 activation by CYP11A1 to produce a variety of metabolites including 20(OH)D3 and 20,23(OH)2D3. These can be further hydroxylated by CYP27B1 to produce their C1α-hydroxyderivatives. CYP11A1 similarly initiates the metabolism of lumisterol (L3) through sequential hydroxylation of the side chain to produce 20(OH)L3, 22(OH)L3, 20,22(OH)2L3 and 24(OH)L3. CYP11A1 also acts on 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) producing 22(OH)7DHC, 20,22(OH)27DHC and 7-dehydropregnenolone (7DHP) which can be converted to the D3 and L3 configurations following exposure to UVB. These CYP11A1-derived compounds are produced in vivo and are biologically active displaying anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and pro-differentiation properties. Since the protective role of the classical form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) against UVB-induced damage is recognized, we recently tested whether novel CYP11A1-derived D3- and L3-hydroxyderivatives protect against UVB-induced damage in epidermal human keratinocytes and melanocytes. We found that along with 1,25(OH)2D3, CYP11A1-derived D3-hydroxyderivatives and L3 and its hydroxyderivatives exert photoprotective effects. These included induction of intracellular free radical scavenging and attenuation and repair of DNA damage. The protection of human keratinocytes against DNA damage included the activation of the NRF2-regulated antioxidant response, p53-phosphorylation and its translocation to the nucleus, and DNA repair induction. These data indicate that novel derivatives of vitamin D3 and lumisterol are promising photoprotective agents. However, detailed mechanisms of action, and the involvement of specific nuclear receptors, other vitamin D binding proteins or mitochondria, remain to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA.
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Al, USA.
| | - Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Joanna Stefan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar Hanumanthu
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Shariq Qayyum
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | | | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jaroslaw Zmijewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The Ultraviolet (UV) radiation contained in sunlight is a powerful mutagen and immune suppressant which partly explains why exposure to solar UV is the biggest risk factor for the development of cutaneous tumours. Evidence is building that sunlight may be protective against some internal malignancies. Because patients with these tumours are often vitamin D deficient, this has led some to propose that vitamin D supplementation will be beneficial in the treatment of these cancers. However, the results from already completed trials have been disappointing which has given weight to the argument that there must be something else about sunlight that explains its cancer-protecting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Marshall
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School at the Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School at the Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abboud M, Rybchyn MS, Ning YJ, Brennan-Speranza TC, Girgis CM, Gunton JE, Fraser DR, Mason RS. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) modifies uptake and release of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in skeletal muscle cells in culture. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:109-115. [PMID: 29107178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D], has a remarkably long half-life in blood for a (seco)steroid. Data from our studies and others are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a role for skeletal muscle in the maintenance of vitamin D status. Muscle cells internalise vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) from the circulation by means of a megalin/cubilin plasma membrane transport mechanism. The internalised DBP molecules then bind to actin and thus provide an intracellular array of high affinity binding sites for its specific ligand, 25(OH)D. There is evidence that the residence time for DBP in muscle cells is short and that it undergoes proteolytic degradation, releasing bound 25(OH)D. The processes of internalisation of DBP and its intracellular residence time, bound to actin, appear to be regulated. To explore whether 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) has any effect on this process, cell cultures of myotubes and primary skeletal muscle fibers were incubated in a medium containing 10-10M calcitriol but with no added DBP. After 3h pre-incubation with calcitriol, the net uptake of 25(OH)D by these calcitriol-treated cells over a further 4h was significantly greater than that in vehicle-treated control cells. This was accompanied by a significant increase in intracellular DBP protein. However, after 16h of pre-incubation with calcitriol, the muscle cells showed a significantly depressed ability to accumulate 25(OH)D compared to control cells over a further 4 or 16hours. These effects of pre-incubation with calcitriol were abolished in fibers from VDR-knockout mice. The effect was also abolished by the addition of 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS), which inhibits chloride channel opening. Incubation of C2 myotubes with calcitriol also significantly reduced retention of previously accumulated 25(OH)D after 4 or 8h. It is concluded from these in vitro studies that calcitriol can modify the DBP-dependent uptake and release of 25(OH)D by skeletal muscle cells in a manner that suggests some inducible change in the function of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Abboud
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M S Rybchyn
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Y J Ning
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - T C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C M Girgis
- Westmead Clinical School, and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J E Gunton
- Westmead Clinical School, and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D R Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R S Mason
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Enhanced Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 in Skin Is Linked to Pathways that Control Cellular Energy. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:1146-1156. [PMID: 29258892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inadequately repaired post-UV DNA damage results in skin cancers. DNA repair requires energy but skin cells have limited capacity to produce energy after UV insult. We examined whether energy supply is important for DNA repair after UV exposure, in the presence of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), which reduces UV-induced DNA damage and photocarcinogenesis in a variety of models. After UV exposure of primary human keratinocytes, the addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased unscheduled DNA synthesis, a measure of DNA repair. Oxidative phosphorylation was depleted in UV-irradiated keratinocytes to undetectable levels within an hour of UV irradiation. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 but not vehicle increased glycolysis after UV. 2-Deoxyglucose-dependent inhibition of glycolysis abolished the reduction in cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by 1,25(OH)2D3, whereas inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation had no effect. 1,25(OH)2D3 increased autophagy and modulated PINK1/Parkin consistent with enhanced mitophagy. These data confirm that energy availability is limited in keratinocytes after exposure to UV. In the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3, glycolysis is enhanced along with energy-conserving processes such as autophagy and mitophagy, resulting in increased repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and decreased oxidative DNA damage. Increased energy availability in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 is an important contributor to DNA repair in skin after UV exposure.
Collapse
|
17
|
Pauwels S, Jans I, Billen J, Heijboer A, Verstuyf A, Carmeliet G, Mathieu C, Maestro M, Waelkens E, Evenepoel P, Bouillon R, Vanderschueren D, Vermeersch P. 1β,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: A new vitamin D metabolite in human serum. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:341-348. [PMID: 28193495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in human serum poses a true challenge as concentrations are very low and structurally similar metabolites can interfere. MATERIALS AND METHODS During optimization of our in-house LC-MSMS method for serum 1α,25(OH)2D3 a previously co-eluting isobaric interference was separated. The isobar was identified as 1β,25(OH)2D3 by comparing retention time and fragmentation spectra to standards (other isobaric dihydroxylated vitamin D3 analogs). 1β,25(OH)2D3 showed specific cluster formation (water), not present in 1α,25(OH)2D3. 1β,25(OH)2D3 was measured in serum of apparently healthy human volunteers (n=20), patients with high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations (>50ng/mL) (n=33 among which 4 with very high levels (>150ng/mL)) and patients with kidney failure (n=68; 39 stage 1-3, 29 stage 4-5). Pearson's r was calculated for correlations and Mann-Whitney statistic to compare group medians. RESULTS Median serum 1β,25(OH)2D3 was 11pg/mL in apparently healthy volunteers and increased to 20pg/mL for serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 80ng/mL (n=22) (p<0.0001). 1β,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were significantly correlated to serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r=0.85) for the combined results from healthy volunteers and patient sera (n=53) (p<0.0001). For patients with kidney failure, median serum 1β,25(OH)2D3 was 7pg/mL and not different from the median level in healthy volunteers (p=0.06). The median concentration did not vary with different stages. CONCLUSIONS We present evidence for the widespread presence of 1β,25(OH)2D3, a new vitamin D metabolite, in human serum. The level increases with rising serum 25(OH)D concentrations and is particularly high in patients with very high 25(OH)D levels. We previously demonstrated that 1β,25(OH)2D3 is a poor genomic agonist but a potent non-genomic antagonist of 1α,25(OH)2D3. The clinical implications of the presence of this analog therefore require further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pauwels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Jans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaak Billen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miguel Maestro
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Nephrology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Libon F, Seidel L, Cavalier E, Nikkels AF. Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Improve the Severity or the Resolution of Ultraviolet B-Induced Acute Erythema. Dermatology 2015; 231:280-5. [PMID: 26111868 DOI: 10.1159/000430983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether vitamin D supplementation alleviates the severity of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced erythema and/or facilitates its resolution remains undetermined. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of oral vitamin D on UVB-induced erythema and its resolution in fair-skinned subjects. METHODS UVB-induced erythema was quantified using a Chroma Meter® in 50 volunteers 48 h before and 10 days after the random administration of 200,000 IU vitamin D (n = 40) or placebo (n = 10). Resolution of erythema in both groups was assessed by chromametry 24, 48, and 72 h after vitamin D administration. RESULTS No statistical difference between erythema values before and after administration in the vitamin D-supplemented group (p = 0.44) or the placebo group (p = 0.34) was noted. No statistical difference was evident between both groups with respect to resolution of erythema (p = 0.30). CONCLUSION Oral vitamin D supplementation neither improves protection against UVB-induced erythema nor facilitates its resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Libon
- Department of Dermatology, CHU of Sart Tilman, University of Lix00E8;ge, Lix00E8;ge, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu S, Chen F, Wang M. Photoprotective effects of oxyresveratrol and Kuwanon O on DNA damage induced by UVA in human epidermal keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:541-8. [PMID: 25588103 DOI: 10.1021/tx500497u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet A not only plays a major part in photoaging and skin tanning but also induces genetic damage and mutation in the epidermal basal layer of human skin. The photoprotective effect of oxyresveratrol and kuwanon O, two phenolic compounds from the root extract of Morus australis, in human primary epidermal keratinocytes was investigated in this study. Both of them were nontoxic to cells at a concentration less than 10 and 0.5 μM, respectively. After pretreatment at the concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, oxyresveratrol increased cell viability, exhibited significant suppressions on UVA- or H2O2-induced cellular ROS. UVA-enhanced nitrotyrosine was also reduced by post-treatment with oxyresveratrol at theses concentrations. Kuwanon O presented similar inhibitions on cellular ROS and nitrotyrosine with lower concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 μM), but there is no significant protection on cell survival after UVA irradiation. Their photoprotective effects also involved the enhanced repair of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) as mediated by the augment of p53 expression after UVA radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Girgis CM, Mokbel N, Cha KM, Houweling PJ, Abboud M, Fraser DR, Mason RS, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Gunton JE. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in skeletal muscle of male mice and modulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) uptake in myofibers. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3227-37. [PMID: 24949660 PMCID: PMC4207908 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a range of muscle disorders, including myalgia, muscle weakness, and falls. In humans, polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with variations in muscle strength, and in mice, genetic ablation of VDR results in muscle fiber atrophy and motor deficits. However, mechanisms by which VDR regulates muscle function and morphology remain unclear. A crucial question is whether VDR is expressed in skeletal muscle and directly alters muscle physiology. Using PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (VDR-D6 antibody), we detected VDR in murine quadriceps muscle. Detection by Western blotting was dependent on the use of hyperosmolar lysis buffer. Levels of VDR in muscle were low compared with duodenum and dropped progressively with age. Two in vitro models, C2C12 and primary myotubes, displayed dose- and time-dependent increases in expression of both VDR and its target gene CYP24A1 after 1,25(OH)2D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D) treatment. Primary myotubes also expressed functional CYP27B1 as demonstrated by luciferase reporter studies, supporting an autoregulatory vitamin D-endocrine system in muscle. Myofibers isolated from mice retained tritiated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and this increased after 3 hours of pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D (0.1 nM). No such response was seen in myofibers from VDR knockout mice. In summary, VDR is expressed in skeletal muscle, and vitamin D regulates gene expression and modulates ligand-dependent uptake of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in primary myofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (C.M.G., N.M., K.M.C., J.E.G.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2010; Faculties of Medicine (C.M.G., M.A., R.S.M., R.J.C.-B., J.E.G.) and Veterinary Science (D.R.F.) University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2145; Bosch Institute (M.A., R.S.M.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (P.J.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3000; The Kolling Institute of Medical Research (R.J.C.-B.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2065; Royal North Shore Hospital (R.J.C.-B.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2065; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.E.G.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2145; and St Vincent's Clinical School (J.E.G.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2010
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gordon-Thomson C, Gupta R, Tongkao-on W, Ryan A, Halliday GM, Mason RS. 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances cellular defences against UV-induced oxidative and other forms of DNA damage in skin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 11:1837-47. [PMID: 23069805 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25202c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation is the key initiator for skin carcinogenesis since mutations may arise from the photoproducts and it also contributes to photoimmune suppression. The active vitamin D hormone, 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) reduces thymine dimers, the major photoproduct found in human skin after UV exposure, and suppresses the accumulation of nitric oxide derivatives that lead to more toxic reactive nitrogen species (RNS). We examined whether other forms of DNA damage are reduced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and hypothesized that photoprotection by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is, in part, due to the suppression of various forms of promutagenic DNA damage, including thymine dimers, through a reduction of genotoxic RNS. Different forms of UV-induced DNA damage were investigated in irradiated skin cells treated with or without 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), or inhibitors of metabolism and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Keratinocytes were also treated with nitric oxide donors in the absence of UV light. DNA damage was assessed by comet assay incorporating site specific DNA repair endonucleases, and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to thymine dimers or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, and quantified by image analysis. Strand breaks in T4 endonuclease V, endonuclease IV and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase digests increased more than 2-fold in UV irradiated human keratinocytes, and were reduced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment after UV exposure, and also by low temperature, sodium azide and an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Conversely, nitric oxide donors induced all three types of DNA damage in the absence of UV. We present data to show that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) protects skin cells from at least three forms of UV-induced DNA damage, and provide further evidence to support the proposal that a reduction in RNS by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is a likely mechanism for its photoprotective effect against oxidative and nitrative DNA damage, as well as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Gordon-Thomson
- Department of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vitamin D and death by sunshine. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1964-77. [PMID: 23334476 PMCID: PMC3565359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight is the major cause of skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun causes damage to DNA by direct absorption and can cause skin cell death. UV also causes production of reactive oxygen species that may interact with DNA to indirectly cause oxidative DNA damage. UV increases accumulation of p53 in skin cells, which upregulates repair genes but promotes death of irreparably damaged cells. A benefit of sunlight is vitamin D, which is formed following exposure of 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin cells to UV. The relatively inert vitamin D is metabolized to various biologically active compounds, including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Therapeutic use of vitamin D compounds has proven beneficial in several cancer types, but more recently these compounds have been shown to prevent UV-induced cell death and DNA damage in human skin cells. Here, we discuss the effects of vitamin D compounds in skin cells that have been exposed to UV. Specifically, we examine the various signaling pathways involved in the vitamin D-induced protection of skin cells from UV.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tongkao-on W, Gordon-Thomson C, Dixon KM, Song EJ, Luu T, Carter SE, Sequeira VB, Reeve VE, Mason RS. Novel vitamin D compounds and skin cancer prevention. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 5:20-33. [PMID: 24494039 PMCID: PMC3897591 DOI: 10.4161/derm.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As skin cancer is one of the most costly health issues in many countries, particularly in Australia, the possibility that vitamin D compounds might contribute to prevention of this disease is becoming increasingly more attractive to researchers and health communities. In this article, important epidemiologic, mechanistic and experimental data supporting the chemopreventive potential of several vitamin D-related compounds are explored. Evidence of photoprotection by the active hormone, 1α,25dihydroxyvitamin D3, as well as a derivative of an over-irradiation product, lumisterol, a fluorinated analog and bufalin, a potential vitamin D-like compound, are provided. The aim of this article is to understand how vitamin D compounds contribute to UV adaptation and potentially, skin cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wannit Tongkao-on
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Clare Gordon-Thomson
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Katie M. Dixon
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Eric J. Song
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Tan Luu
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Sally E. Carter
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa B. Sequeira
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
- Oncology Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Kensington, NSW Australia
| | - Vivienne E. Reeve
- Department of Faculty of Veterinary Science; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Rebecca S. Mason
- Department of Physiology Anatomy & Histology; Bosch Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|