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Zhang Y, Li X, Yu Q, Lv X, Li C, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang Q, Yang Z, Fu X, Xiao R. Using network pharmacology to discover potential drugs for hypertrophic scars. Br J Dermatol 2024; 191:592-604. [PMID: 38820210 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scarring is a disease of abnormal skin fibrosis caused by excessive fibroblast proliferation. Existing drugs have not achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES To explore the molecular pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars and screen effective drugs for their treatment. METHODS Existing human hypertrophic scar RNA sequencing data were utilized to search for hypertrophic scar-related gene modules and key genes through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Candidate compounds were screened in a compound library. Potential drugs were screened by molecular docking and verified in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and a mouse mechanical force hypertrophic scar model. RESULTS WGCNA showed that hypertrophic scar-associated gene modules influence focal adhesion, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway and other biologic pathways. Integrin β1 (ITGB1) is the hub protein. Among the candidate compounds obtained by computer virtual screening and molecular docking, crizotinib, sorafenib and SU11274 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and profibrotic gene expression. Crizotinib had the best effect on hypertrophic scar attenuation in mouse models. At the same time, mouse ITGB1 small interfering RNA can also inhibit mouse scar hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS ITGB1 and TGF-β signalling pathways are important for hypertrophic scar formation. Crizotinib could be a potential treatment drug for hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Li
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lianzhao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Fu
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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2
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Kuhn PM, Chen S, Venkatraman A, Abadir PM, Walston JD, Kokkoli E. Co-Delivery of Valsartan and Metformin from a Thermosensitive Hydrogel-Nanoparticle System Promotes Collagen Production in Proliferating and Senescent Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5702-5717. [PMID: 39186039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Aging negatively impacts skin health, notably through the senescent cell phenotype, which reduces collagen production and leads to thinner, more fragile skin prone to injuries and chronic wounds. We designed a drug delivery system that addresses these age-related issues using a hybrid hydrogel-nanoparticle system that utilizes a poly(δ-valerolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene-glycol)-b-poly(δ-valerolactone-co-lactide) (PVLA-PEG-PVLA) hydrogel. This hydrogel allows for the local, extended release of therapeutics targeting both proliferating and senescent cells. The PVLA-PEG-PVLA hydrogel entrapped valsartan, and metformin-loaded liposomes functionalized with a fibronectin-mimetic peptide, PR_b. Metformin acts as a senomorphic, reversing aspects of cellular senescence, and valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, promotes collagen production. This combination treatment partially reversed the senescent phenotype and improved collagen production in senescent dermal fibroblasts from both young and old adults. Our codelivery hydrogel-nanoparticle system offers a promising treatment for improving age-related dermal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Kuhn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Aditya Venkatraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Peter M Abadir
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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3
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Bildyug N. Inhibition of Integrin-Associated Kinases FAK and ILK on the In Vitro Model of Skin Wound Healing. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:5604-5615. [PMID: 38165590 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are essential cells of skin tissue responsible for its normal functioning. In skin wounds, the differentiation of resident fibroblasts into myofibroblasts occurs, which is accompanied by the rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton with the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. This transformation is a prerequisite for a successful wound healing. At the same time, different studies indicate that extracellular matrix may be involved in regulation of this process. Since the connection between cells and matrix is provided by transmembrane integrin receptors, this work was aimed at studying the dynamics of signaling pathways associated with integrins on an in vitro model of wound healing using human skin fibroblasts. It was shown that the healing of simulated wound was accompanied by a change in the level of integrins as well as integrin-associated kinases ILK (integrin-linked kinase) and FAK (focal adhesion kinase). Pharmacological inhibition of ILK and FAK caused the suppression of p38 and Akt which proteins are involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, it resulted in an inefficient wound closure in vitro. The results of this study support the involvement of integrin-associated kinases in regulation of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Bildyug
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences, Centre for Cell Technologies, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, 194064, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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4
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Leask A, Naik A, Stratton RJ. Back to the future: targeting the extracellular matrix to treat systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:713-723. [PMID: 37789119 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive deposition of a stable extracellular matrix (ECM); fibrotic tissue is composed principally of highly crosslinked type I collagen and highly contractile myofibroblasts. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by skin and organ fibrosis. The fibrotic process has been recognized in SSc for >40 years, but drugs with demonstrable efficacy against SSc fibrosis in ameliorating the lung involvement have only recently been identified. Unfortunately, these treatments are ineffective at improving the skin score in patients with SSc. Previous clinical trials in SSc have largely focused on the cross-purposing of anti-inflammatory drugs and the use of immunosuppressive drugs from the transplantation field, which address inflammatory and/or autoimmune processes. Limited examination has taken place of specific anti-fibrotic agents developed through their ability to directly target the ECM in SSc by, for example, alleviating the persistent matrix stiffness and mechanotransduction that might be required for both the initiation and maintenance of fibrosis, including in SSc. However, because of the importance of the ECM in the SSc phenotype, attempts have now been made to identify drugs that specifically target the ECM, including some drugs that are currently under consideration for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Angha Naik
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Richard J Stratton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL Division of Medicine, London, UK
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5
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Ali SM. In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopic imaging of the human skin extracellular matrix degradation due to accumulated intrinsic and extrinsic aging. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 37:140-152. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mehmood Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
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6
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Kleiser S, Nyström A. Interplay between Cell-Surface Receptors and Extracellular Matrix in Skin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1170. [PMID: 32796709 PMCID: PMC7465455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin consists of the epidermis and dermis, which are connected by a specialized basement membrane-the epidermal basement membrane. Both the epidermal basement membrane and the underlying interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) created by dermal fibroblasts contain distinct network-forming macromolecules. These matrices play various roles in order to maintain skin homeostasis and integrity. Within this complex interplay of cells and matrices, cell surface receptors play essential roles not only for inside-out and outside-in signaling, but also for establishing mechanical and biochemical properties of skin. Already minor modulations of this multifactorial cross-talk can lead to severe and systemic diseases. In this review, major epidermal and dermal cell surface receptors will be addressed with respect to their interactions with matrix components as well as their roles in fibrotic, inflammatory or tumorigenic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Leask A. Conjunction junction, what's the function? CCN proteins as targets in fibrosis and cancers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1046-C1054. [PMID: 32130070 PMCID: PMC7311738 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication network (CCN) proteins are matricellular proteins that coordinate signaling among extracellular matrix, secreted proteins, and cell surface receptors. Their specific in vivo function is context-dependent, but they play profound roles in pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and cancers. Anti-CCN therapies are in clinical consideration. Only recently, however, has the function of these complex molecules begun to emerge. This review summarizes and interprets our current knowledge regarding these fascinating molecules and provides experimental evidence for their utility as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leask
- School of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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8
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V H, Titus AS, Cowling RT, Kailasam S. Collagen receptor cross-talk determines α-smooth muscle actin-dependent collagen gene expression in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19723-19739. [PMID: 31699892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive collagen deposition by myofibroblasts during adverse cardiac remodeling leads to myocardial fibrosis that can compromise cardiac function. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying collagen gene expression in cardiac myofibroblasts is therefore an important clinical goal. The collagen receptors, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a collagen-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, and integrin-β1, are reported to mediate tissue fibrosis. Here, we probed the role of DDR2-integrin-β1 cross-talk in the regulation of collagen α1(I) gene expression in angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Results from gene silencing/overexpression approaches, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and ChIP revealed that DDR2 acts via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPK)-dependent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling to activate activator protein-1 (AP-1) that in turn transcriptionally enhances the expression of collagen-binding integrin-β1 in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. The DDR2-integrin-β1 link was also evident in spontaneously hypertensive rats and DDR2-knockout mice. Further, DDR2 acted via integrin-β1 to regulate α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I expression in Ang II-exposed cardiac fibroblasts. Downstream of the DDR2-integrin-β1 axis, α-SMA was found to regulate collagen α1(I) gene expression via the Ca2+ channel, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6), and the profibrotic transcription factor, Yes-associated protein (YAP). This finding indicated that fibroblast-to-myofibroblast conversion is mechanistically coupled to collagen expression. The observation that collagen receptor cross-talk underlies α-SMA-dependent collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts expands our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in collagen gene expression in the heart and may be relevant to cardiac fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan V
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India
| | - Allen Sam Titus
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India
| | - Randy T Cowling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Shivakumar Kailasam
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India
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9
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Durcan R, Heffron C, Sweeney B. Natalizumab induced cutaneous sarcoidosis-like reaction. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 333:476955. [PMID: 31108403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a drug-induced sarcoidosis -like reaction (DISR) occurring following initiation of Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis. The reaction was purely cutaneous, and disappeared following drug withdrawal. We highlight this case to the practicing neurologists, with warning to be wary of a new rash on immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Durcan
- Department of Neurology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland.
| | - C Heffron
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland
| | - B Sweeney
- Department of Neurology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland
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10
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Wang J, Wu X, Zheng Y, Wen H, Ji H, Zhao Y, Guan W. Isolation and biological characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from goose dermis. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3236-3247. [PMID: 29790972 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a natural target of stem cell research because of its large size and easy accessibility. Cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells have shown to be a promising source of various adult stem cell or progenitor cell populations, which provide an important source of stem cell-based investigation. Nowadays, much work has been done on dermal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) from humans, mice, sheep, and other mammals, but the literature on avian species has been rarely reported. As an animal model, the goose is an endemic species abounding in dermal tissues which is important in the global economy. In this study, we isolated and established the mesenchymal stem cell line from dermis tissue of goose, which were subcultured to passage 21 in vitro without loss of their functional integrity in terms of morphology, renewal capacity, and presence of mesenchymal stem cell markers. Cryopreservation and resuscitation were also observed in different passages. To investigate the biological characteristics of goose DMSCs, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry were used to detect the characteristic surface markers. Growth curves and the capacity of colony forming were performed to test the self-renew and proliferative ability. Furthermore, the DMSCs are induced to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. Our results suggest that DMSCs isolated from goose embryos possess similar biological characteristics to those from other species. The methods in establishment and cultivation of goose DMSCs line demonstrated a good self-renew and expansion potential in vitro, which provided a technological platform for preserving the valuable genetic resources of poultry and a great inspiration for in vitro investigation of avian MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,School of kinesiology and health, Harbin Institute of Physical Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang province 150008, China
| | - Xulun Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanjie Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang province 154007, China
| | - Hebao Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,School of sports science, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang province 157011, China
| | - Hongda Ji
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,School of kinesiology and health, Harbin Institute of Physical Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang province 150008, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- School of kinesiology and health, Harbin Institute of Physical Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang province 150008, China
| | - Weijun Guan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Herum KM, Lunde IG, McCulloch AD, Christensen G. The Soft- and Hard-Heartedness of Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis of the Heart. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6050053. [PMID: 28534817 PMCID: PMC5447944 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), remains an unresolved problem in most forms of heart disease. In order to be successful in preventing, attenuating or reversing cardiac fibrosis, it is essential to understand the processes leading to ECM production and accumulation. Cardiac fibroblasts are the main producers of cardiac ECM, and harbor great phenotypic plasticity. They are activated by the disease-associated changes in mechanical properties of the heart, including stretch and increased tissue stiffness. Despite much remaining unknown, an interesting body of evidence exists on how mechanical forces are translated into transcriptional responses important for determination of fibroblast phenotype and production of ECM constituents. Such mechanotransduction can occur at multiple cellular locations including the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus. Moreover, the ECM functions as a reservoir of pro-fibrotic signaling molecules that can be released upon mechanical stress. We here review the current status of knowledge of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts that culminate in pro-fibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Fibroblast-Specific Deletion of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Critically Impairs Murine Cutaneous Neovascularization and Wound Healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 136:1004-1013. [PMID: 26505703 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and aging are known risk factors for impaired neovascularization in response to ischemic insult, resulting in chronic wounds, and poor outcomes following myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular injury. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, has been identified as a critical regulator of the response to ischemic injury and is dysfunctional in diabetic and elderly patients. To better understand the role of this master hypoxia regulator within cutaneous tissue, the authors generated and evaluated a fibroblast-specific HIF-1α knockout mouse model. METHODS The authors generated floxed HIF-1 mice (HIF-1) by introducing loxP sites around exon 1 of the HIF-1 allele in C57BL/6J mice. Fibroblast-restricted HIF-1α knockout (FbKO) mice were generated by breeding our HIF-1 with tamoxifen-inducible Col1a2-Cre mice (Col1a2-CreER). HIF-1α knockout was evaluated on a DNA, RNA, and protein level. Knockout and wild-type mice were subjected to ischemic flap and wound healing models, and CD31 immunohistochemistry was performed to assess vascularity of healed wounds. RESULTS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of FbKO skin demonstrated significantly reduced Hif1 and Vegfa expression compared with wild-type. This finding was confirmed at the protein level (p < 0.05). HIF-1α knockout mice showed significantly impaired revascularization of ischemic tissue and wound closure and vascularity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Loss of HIF-1α from fibroblasts results in delayed wound healing, reduced wound vascularity, and significant impairment in the ischemic neovascular response. These findings provide new insight into the importance of cell-specific responses to hypoxia during cutaneous neovascularization.
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13
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In vitro comparison of new bisphosphonic acids and zoledronate effects on human gingival fibroblasts viability, inflammation and matrix turnover. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:2013-2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Wang Z, Jinnin M, Kobayashi Y, Kudo H, Inoue K, Nakayama W, Honda N, Makino K, Kajihara I, Makino T, Fukushima S, Inagaki Y, Ihn H. Mice overexpressing integrin αv in fibroblasts exhibit dermal thinning of the skin. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:268-78. [PMID: 26117269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins, especially αv integrin (ITGAV), are thought to play central roles in tissue fibrosis and the pathogenesis of scleroderma. So far, skin phenotype of tissue-specific transgenic mice of ITGAV have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of ITGAV in the skin fibrosis, we engineered transgenic mice that overexpress ITGAV in the fibroblasts under the control of the COL1A2 enhancer promoter. METHODS Protein or RNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Dermal thickness and Masson's trichrome staining were decreased in ITGAV transgenic (Tg) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Protein and mRNA levels of COL1A2, COL3A1, CTGF and integrin β3 were down-regulated in the skin of Tg mice. In addition, the cell proliferation of cultured dermal fibroblasts obtained from Tg mice skin was decreased compared to those of WT mice. FAK phosphorylation was reduced in fibroblasts cultured from Tg mice skin in comparison to WT mice fibroblasts. Integrin β3 siRNA inhibited FAK phosphorylation levels, while FAK inhibitor reduced the expression of collagens and CTGF in mice dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of collagen or CTGF by decreased integrin β3 and FAK phosphorylation may cause the dermal thinning in Tg mice. Lower CTGF may also result in reduced growth of Tg mice fibroblasts. Our hypothesis is that the balance between α and β chain of integrins positively or negatively control collagen expression and dermal thickness. This study gave a new insight in the treatment of tissue fibrosis and scleroderma by balancing integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Kudo
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kuniko Inoue
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Wakana Nakayama
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Honda
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ikko Kajihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimo-kasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Fibrotic cardiac disease, a leading cause of death worldwide, manifests as substantial loss of function following maladaptive tissue remodeling. Fibrosis can affect both the heart valves and the myocardium and is characterized by the activation of fibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Valvular interstitial cells and cardiac fibroblasts, the cell types responsible for maintenance of cardiac extracellular matrix, are sensitive to changing mechanical environments, and their ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces determines both normal development and the progression of disease. Recent studies have uncovered specific adhesion proteins and mechano-sensitive signaling pathways that contribute to the progression of fibrosis. Integrins form adhesions with the extracellular matrix, and respond to changes in substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix composition. Cadherins mechanically link neighboring cells and are likely to contribute to fibrotic disease propagation. Finally, transition to the active myofibroblast phenotype leads to maladaptive tissue remodeling and enhanced mechanotransductive signaling, forming a positive feedback loop that contributes to heart failure. This Commentary summarizes recent findings on the role of mechanotransduction through integrins and cadherins to perpetuate mechanically induced differentiation and fibrosis in the context of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Schroer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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16
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Integrin-mediated adhesion and mechano-sensing in cutaneous wound healing. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:571-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Bloom AB, Zaman MH. Influence of the microenvironment on cell fate determination and migration. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:309-14. [PMID: 24619520 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00170.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several critical cell functions are influenced not only by internal cellular machinery but also by external mechanical and biochemical cues from the surrounding microenvironment. Slight changes to the microenvironment can result in dramatic changes to the cell's phenotype; for example, a change in the nutrients or pH of a tumor microenvironment can result in increased tumor metastasis. While cellular fate and the regulators of cell fate have been studied in detail for several decades now, our understanding of the extracellular regulators remains qualitative and far from comprehensive. In this review, we discuss the microenvironment influence on cell fate in terms of adhesion, migration, and differentiation and focus on both developments in experimental and computation tools to analyze cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Bloom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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18
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Activation of latent TGFβ by αvβ 1 integrin: of potential importance in myofibroblast activation in fibrosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:171-2. [PMID: 24458847 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated activation of latent TGF-β1 is intimately involved with tissue repair and fibrosis in all organs. Previously, it was shown that the integrin β1 subunit was required for activation of latent TGF-β1 and skin fibrosis. A recent study by Henderson and colleagues (Nature Medicine 19,1617-1624, 2013) used three different in vivo models of fibrosis to show that integrin αv subunit was required for fibrogenesis. Through a process of elimination, the authors conclude that in vivo, the little-studied αvβ1 could be the major integrin responsible for TGF-β activation by myofibroblasts. Thus targeting this integrin might be a useful therapy for fibrosis.
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19
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Staumont-Sallé D. [What's new in dermatological research?]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013; 140 Suppl 3:S254-62. [PMID: 24365497 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(13)70141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, news from research has clearly shown that dermatology is bound to occupy a more important place in fundamental research. Among these evidences are an increasing number of papers devoted to "Skin" in journals with the highest impact factors and the excellence of the scientific program of the International Investigative Dermatology Meeting held in May in Edinburgh. This paper outlines a selection of scientific works published between September 2012 and August 2013 or presented as communications at the IID Meeting. This selection was made based on the quality of methods used by the authors to obtain results, and on the impact of these scientific results in terms of pathophysiological and therapeutical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Staumont-Sallé
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, France; Université Lille 2, Inserm U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.
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20
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CCN2: a mechanosignaling sensor modulating integrin-dependent connective tissue remodeling in fibroblasts? J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 7:203-5. [PMID: 23729366 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-013-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensegrity (tensional integrity) is an emerging concept governing the structure of the body. Integrin-mediated mechanical tension is essential for connective tissue function in vivo. For example, in adult skin fibroblasts, the integrin β1 subunit mediates adhesion to collagen and fibronectin. Moreover, integrin β1, through its abilities to activate latent TGFβ1 and promote collagen production through focal adhesion kinase/rac1/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)/reactive oxygen species (ROS), is essential for dermal homeostasis, repair and fibrosis. The integrin β1-interacting protein CCN2, a member of the CCN family of proteins, is induced by TGFβ1; yet, CCN2 is not a simple downstream mediator of TGFβ1, but instead synergistically promote TGFβ1-induced adhesive signaling and fibrosis. Due to its selective ability to sense mechanical forces in the microenvironment, CCN2 may represent an exquisitely precise target for therapeutic intervention.
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21
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Leask A. Integrin β1: A Mechanosignaling Sensor Essential for Connective Tissue Deposition by Fibroblasts. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:160-166. [PMID: 24527339 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is no effective drug treatment for fibrosis (i.e., pathological scarring). Identifying the fundamental mechanisms responsible for normal and pathological connective tissue deposition is likely to yield novel insights into how to control fibrotic conditions. RECENT ADVANCES An increasing body of evidence suggests a link between mechanical tension and the development of scar tissue. Integrins are the cell surface receptors that mediate interactions between the cell and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent evidence has suggested that, in fibroblasts, the integrin β1-subunit plays an essential role in mechanosignaling and in dermal homeostasis, repair, and fibrosis. The mechanism underlying these activities of integrin β1 appears to involve its ability to (1) mediate activation of latent transforming growth factor beta-1 via ECM contraction and (2) modulate collagen production via a focal adhesion kinase/rac1/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway. Moreover, the integrin β1-binding protein CCN2, a secreted matricellular protein located within the cellular microenvironment, is required for dermal fibrogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Mechanical tension is a key feature underlying the development of scar tissue. The mechanosignaling sensor integrin β1 is an essential, central mediator of dermal fibrosis, wound healing, and homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Drugs targeting the molecular mechanism underlying integrin β1-mediated signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating fibroproliferative disorders. Clinical trials directly testing this hypothesis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leask
- Departments of Dentistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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