1
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Soliman TN, Keifenheim D, Parker PJ, Clarke DJ. Cell cycle responses to Topoisomerase II inhibition: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209125. [PMID: 37955972 PMCID: PMC10641588 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA Topoisomerase IIA (Topo IIA) is an enzyme that alters the topological state of DNA and is essential for the separation of replicated sister chromatids and the integrity of cell division. Topo IIA dysfunction activates cell cycle checkpoints, resulting in arrest in either the G2-phase or metaphase of mitosis, ultimately triggering the abscission checkpoint if non-disjunction persists. These events, which directly or indirectly monitor the activity of Topo IIA, have become of major interest as many cancers have deficiencies in Topoisomerase checkpoints, leading to genome instability. Recent studies into how cells sense Topo IIA dysfunction and respond by regulating cell cycle progression demonstrate that the Topo IIA G2 checkpoint is distinct from the G2-DNA damage checkpoint. Likewise, in mitosis, the metaphase Topo IIA checkpoint is separate from the spindle assembly checkpoint. Here, we integrate mechanistic knowledge of Topo IIA checkpoints with the current understanding of how cells regulate progression through the cell cycle to accomplish faithful genome transmission and discuss the opportunities this offers for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N. Soliman
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Keifenheim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Duncan J. Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Shteinman ER, Wilmott JS, da Silva IP, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Vergara IA. Causes, consequences and clinical significance of aneuploidy across melanoma subtypes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988691. [PMID: 36276131 PMCID: PMC9582607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the state of the cell in which the number of whole chromosomes or chromosome arms becomes imbalanced, has been recognized as playing a pivotal role in tumor evolution for over 100 years. In melanoma, the extent of aneuploidy, as well as the chromosomal regions that are affected differ across subtypes, indicative of distinct drivers of disease. Multiple studies have suggested a role for aneuploidy in diagnosis and prognosis of melanomas, as well as in the context of immunotherapy response. A number of key constituents of the cell cycle have been implicated in aneuploidy acquisition in melanoma, including several driver mutations. Here, we review the state of the art on aneuploidy in different melanoma subtypes, discuss the potential drivers, mechanisms underlying aneuploidy acquisition as well as its value in patient diagnosis, prognosis and response to immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R. Shteinman
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S. Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cancer & Hematology Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and New South Wales (NSW) Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ismael A. Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ismael A. Vergara,
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3
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Fernando M, Duijf PHG, Proctor M, Stevenson AJ, Ehmann A, Vora S, Skalamera D, Adams M, Gabrielli B. Dysregulated G2 phase checkpoint recovery pathway reduces DNA repair efficiency and increases chromosomal instability in a wide range of tumours. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:41. [PMID: 33993200 PMCID: PMC8124070 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA repair is being demonstrated to be a useful target in cancer treatment. Currently, defective repair is identified by specific gene mutations, however defective repair is a common feature of cancers without these mutations. DNA damage triggers cell cycle checkpoints that are responsible for co-ordinating cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Defects in checkpoint signalling components such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) occur in a low proportion of cancers and are responsible for reduced DNA repair and increased genomic instability. Here we have investigated the AURKA-PLK1 cell cycle checkpoint recovery pathway that is responsible for exit from the G2 phase cell cycle checkpoint arrest. We demonstrate that dysregulation of PP6 and AURKA maintained elevated PLK1 activation to promote premature exit from only ATM, and not ATR-dependent checkpoint arrest. Surprisingly, depletion of the B55α subunit of PP2A that negatively regulates PLK1 was capable of overcoming ATM and ATR checkpoint arrests. Dysregulation of the checkpoint recovery pathway reduced S/G2 phase DNA repair efficiency and increased genomic instability. We found a strong correlation between dysregulation of the PP6-AURKA-PLK1-B55α checkpoint recovery pathway with signatures of defective homologous recombination and increased chromosomal instability in several cancer types. This work has identified an unrealised source of G2 phase DNA repair defects and chromosomal instability that are likely to be sensitive to treatments targeting defective repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushan Fernando
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina Proctor
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Anna Ehmann
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shivam Vora
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dubravka Skalamera
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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4
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Arroyo M, Cañuelo A, Calahorra J, Hastert F, Sánchez A, Clarke DJ, Marchal J. Mitotic entry upon Topo II catalytic inhibition is controlled by Chk1 and Plk1. FEBS J 2020; 287:4933-4951. [PMID: 32144855 PMCID: PMC7483426 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic inhibition of topoisomerase II during G2 phase delays onset of mitosis due to the activation of the so-called decatenation checkpoint. This checkpoint is less known compared with the extensively studied G2 DNA damage checkpoint and is partially compromised in many tumor cells. We recently identified MCPH1 as a key regulator that confers cells with the capacity to adapt to the decatenation checkpoint. In the present work, we have explored the contributions of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), in order to better understand the molecular basis of decatenation checkpoint. Our results demonstrate that Chk1 function is required to sustain the G2 arrest induced by catalytic inhibition of Topo II. Interestingly, Chk1 loss of function restores adaptation in cells lacking MCPH1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Plk1 function is required to bypass the decatenation checkpoint arrest in cells following Chk1 inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that MCPH1 is critical to allow checkpoint adaptation by counteracting Chk1-mediated inactivation of Plk1. Importantly, we also provide evidence that MCPH1 function is not required to allow recovery from this checkpoint, which lends support to the notion that checkpoint adaptation and recovery are different mechanisms distinguished in part by specific effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - A. Cañuelo
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - J. Calahorra
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - F.D. Hastert
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - D. J. Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, US
| | - J.A. Marchal
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
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Pandey N, Keifenheim D, Yoshida MM, Hassebroek VA, Soroka C, Azuma Y, Clarke DJ. Topoisomerase II SUMOylation activates a metaphase checkpoint via Haspin and Aurora B kinases. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:jcb.201807189. [PMID: 31712254 PMCID: PMC7039214 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent chromosome missegregation, a metaphase checkpoint is activated when topoisomerase II is catalytically inhibited and DNA catenations persist. Pandey et al. dissect the key molecular events triggering this regulatory system. Topoisomerase II (Topo II) is essential for mitosis since it resolves sister chromatid catenations. Topo II dysfunction promotes aneuploidy and drives cancer. To protect from aneuploidy, cells possess mechanisms to delay anaphase onset when Topo II is perturbed, providing additional time for decatenation. Molecular insight into this checkpoint is lacking. Here we present evidence that catalytic inhibition of Topo II, which activates the checkpoint, leads to SUMOylation of the Topo II C-terminal domain (CTD). This modification triggers mobilization of Aurora B kinase from inner centromeres to kinetochore proximal centromeres and the core of chromosome arms. Aurora B recruitment accompanies histone H3 threonine-3 phosphorylation and requires Haspin kinase. Strikingly, activation of the checkpoint depends both on Haspin and Aurora B. Moreover, mutation of the conserved CTD SUMOylation sites perturbs Aurora B recruitment and checkpoint activation. The data indicate that SUMOylated Topo II recruits Aurora B to ectopic sites, constituting the molecular trigger of the metaphase checkpoint when Topo II is catalytically inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nootan Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Daniel Keifenheim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Caitlin Soroka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Yoshiaki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Duncan J Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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MCPH1 Lack of Function Enhances Mitotic Cell Sensitivity Caused by Catalytic Inhibitors of Topo II. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040406. [PMID: 32276518 PMCID: PMC7231051 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of Topoisomerase II (Topo II) to remove DNA catenations that arise after replication is essential to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Topo II activity is monitored during G2 by a specific checkpoint pathway that delays entry into mitosis until the chromosomes are properly decatenated. Recently, we demonstrated that the mitotic defects that are characteristic of cells depleted of MCPH1 function, a protein mutated in primary microcephaly, are not a consequence of a weakened G2 decatenation checkpoint response. However, the mitotic defects could be accounted for by a minor defect in the activity of Topo II during G2/M. To test this hypothesis, we have tracked at live single cell resolution the dynamics of mitosis in MCPH1 depleted HeLa cells upon catalytic inhibition of Topo II. Our analyses demonstrate that neither chromosome alignment nor segregation are more susceptible to minor perturbation in decatenation in MCPH1 deficient cells, as compared with control cells. Interestingly, MCPH1 depleted cells were more prone to mitotic cell death when decatenation was perturbed. Furthermore, when the G2 arrest that was induced by catalytic inhibition of Topo II was abrogated by Chk1 inhibition, the incidence of mitotic cell death was also increased. Taken together, our data suggest that the MCPH1 lack of function increases mitotic cell hypersensitivity to the catalytic inhibition of Topo II.
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7
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Ramos-Pérez C, Dominska M, Anaissi-Afonso L, Cazorla-Rivero S, Quevedo O, Lorenzo-Castrillejo I, Petes TD, Machín F. Cytological and genetic consequences for the progeny of a mitotic catastrophe provoked by Topoisomerase II deficiency. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11686-11721. [PMID: 31812950 PMCID: PMC6932922 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (Top2) removes topological linkages between replicated chromosomes. Top2 inhibition leads to mitotic catastrophe (MC) when cells unsuccessfully try to split their genetic material between the two daughter cells. Herein, we have characterized the fate of these daughter cells in the budding yeast. Clonogenic and microcolony experiments, in combination with vital and apoptotic stains, showed that 75% of daughter cells become senescent in the short term; they are unable to divide but remain alive. Decline in cell vitality then occurred, yet slowly, uncoordinatedly when comparing pairs of daughters, and independently of the cell death mediator Mca1/Yca1. Furthermore, we showed that senescence can be modulated by ploidy, suggesting that gross chromosome imbalances during segregation may account for this phenotype. Indeed, we found that diploid long-term survivors of the MC are prone to genomic imbalances such as trisomies, uniparental disomies and terminal loss of heterozygosity (LOH), the latter affecting the longest chromosome arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ramos-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Present address: BenchSci Analytics Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret Dominska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura Anaissi-Afonso
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sara Cazorla-Rivero
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Oliver Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Present address: Genomic Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabel Lorenzo-Castrillejo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Thomas D Petes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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8
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Cell Cycle-Dependent Control and Roles of DNA Topoisomerase II. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110859. [PMID: 31671531 PMCID: PMC6896119 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes in all branches of life that can alter DNA superhelicity and unlink double-stranded DNA segments during processes such as replication and transcription. In cells, type II topoisomerases are particularly useful for their ability to disentangle newly-replicated sister chromosomes. Growing lines of evidence indicate that eukaryotic topoisomerase II (topo II) activity is monitored and regulated throughout the cell cycle. Here, we discuss the various roles of topo II throughout the cell cycle, as well as mechanisms that have been found to govern and/or respond to topo II function and dysfunction. Knowledge of how topo II activity is controlled during cell cycle progression is important for understanding how its misregulation can contribute to genetic instability and how modulatory pathways may be exploited to advance chemotherapeutic development.
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9
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Oo ZY, Proctor M, Stevenson AJ, Nazareth D, Fernando M, Daignault SM, Lanagan C, Walpole S, Bonazzi V, Škalamera D, Snell C, Haass NK, Larsen JE, Gabrielli B. Combined use of subclinical hydroxyurea and CHK1 inhibitor effectively controls melanoma and lung cancer progression, with reduced normal tissue toxicity compared to gemcitabine. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1503-1518. [PMID: 31044505 PMCID: PMC6599846 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs such as gemcitabine that increase replication stress are effective chemotherapeutics in a range of cancer settings. These drugs effectively block replication and promote DNA damage, triggering a cell cycle checkpoint response through the ATR–CHK1 pathway. Inhibiting this signalling pathway sensitises cells to killing by replication stress‐inducing drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of low‐level replication stress induced by low concentrations (> 0.2 mm) of the reversible ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU), which slows S‐phase progression but has little effect on cell viability or proliferation. We demonstrate that HU effectively synergises with CHK1, but not ATR inhibition, in > 70% of melanoma and non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells assessed, resulting in apoptosis and complete loss of proliferative potential in vitro and in vivo. Normal fibroblasts and haemopoietic cells retain viability and proliferative potential following exposure to CHK1 inhibitor plus low doses of HU, but normal cells exposed to CHK1 inhibitor combined with submicromolar concentrations of gemcitabine exhibited complete loss of proliferative potential. The effects of gemcitabine on normal tissue correlate with irreversible ATR–CHK1 pathway activation, whereas low doses of HU reversibly activate CHK1 independently of ATR. The combined use of CHK1 inhibitor and subclinical HU also triggered an inflammatory response involving the recruitment of macrophages in vivo. These data indicate that combining CHK1 inhibitor with subclinical HU is superior to combination with gemcitabine, as it provides equal anticancer efficacy but with reduced normal tissue toxicity. These data suggest a significant proportion of melanoma and lung cancer patients could benefit from treatment with this drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zay Yar Oo
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martina Proctor
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deborah Nazareth
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Madushan Fernando
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sheena M Daignault
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Lanagan
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sebastian Walpole
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vanessa Bonazzi
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dubravka Škalamera
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cameron Snell
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Pathology, Mater Adults Hospital, Mater Misericordiae Limited, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jill E Larsen
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Smiling for Smiddy Research Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Deiss K, Lockwood N, Howell M, Segeren HA, Saunders RE, Chakravarty P, Soliman TN, Martini S, Rocha N, Semple R, Zalmas LP, Parker PJ. A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies the SMC5/6 complex as a non-redundant regulator of a Topo2a-dependent G2 arrest. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2906-2921. [PMID: 30590722 PMCID: PMC6451093 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Topo2a-dependent arrest is associated with faithful segregation of sister chromatids and has been identified as dysfunctional in numerous tumour cell lines. This genome-protecting pathway is poorly understood and its characterization is of significant interest, potentially offering interventional opportunities in relation to synthetic lethal behaviours in arrest-defective tumours. Using the catalytic Topo2a inhibitor ICRF193, we have performed a genome-wide siRNA screen in arrest-competent, non-transformed cells, to identify genes essential for this arrest mechanism. In addition, we have counter-screened several DNA-damaging agents and demonstrate that the Topo2a-dependent arrest is genetically distinct from DNA damage checkpoints. We identify the components of the SMC5/6 complex, including the activity of the E3 SUMO ligase NSE2, as non-redundant players that control the timing of the Topo2a-dependent arrest in G2. We have independently verified the NSE2 requirement in fibroblasts from patients with germline mutations that cause severely reduced levels of NSE2. Through imaging Topo2a-dependent G2 arrested cells, an increased interaction between Topo2a and NSE2 is observed at PML bodies, which are known SUMOylation hotspots. We demonstrate that Topo2a is SUMOylated in an ICRF193-dependent manner by NSE2 at a novel non-canonical site (K1520) and that K1520 sumoylation is required for chromosome segregation but not the G2 arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Deiss
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Lockwood
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hendrika Alida Segeren
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- High Throughput Screening, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Silvia Martini
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert Semple
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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11
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Brown A, Geiger H. Chromosome integrity checkpoints in stem and progenitor cells: transitions upon differentiation, pathogenesis, and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3771-3779. [PMID: 30066086 PMCID: PMC6154040 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Loss of chromosome integrity is a major contributor to cancer. Checkpoints within the cell division cycle that facilitate the accuracy and outcome of chromosome segregation are thus critical pathways for preserving chromosome integrity and preventing chromosomal instability. The spindle assembly checkpoint, the decatenation checkpoint and the post-mitotic tetraploidy checkpoint ensure the appropriate establishment of the spindle apparatus, block mitotic entry upon entanglement of chromosomes or prevent further progression of post-mitotic cells that display massive spindle defects. Most of our knowledge on these mechanisms originates from studies conducted in yeast, cancer cell lines and differentiated cells. Considering that in many instances cancer derives from transformed stem and progenitor cells, our knowledge on these checkpoints in these cells just started to emerge. With this review, we provide a general overview of the current knowledge of these checkpoints in embryonic as well as in adult stem and progenitor cells with a focus on the hematopoietic system and outline common mis-regulations of their function associated with cancer and leukemia. Most cancers are aging-associated diseases. We will thus also discuss changes in the function and outcome of these checkpoints upon aging of stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brown
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Life Science Building N27, James Franck-Ring/Meyerhofstrasse, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Life Science Building N27, James Franck-Ring/Meyerhofstrasse, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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12
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Bower JJ, Vance LD, Psioda M, Smith-Roe SL, Simpson DA, Ibrahim JG, Hoadley KA, Perou CM, Kaufmann WK. Patterns of cell cycle checkpoint deregulation associated with intrinsic molecular subtypes of human breast cancer cells. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017; 3:9. [PMID: 28649649 PMCID: PMC5445620 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of breast cancer, contributes to tumor heterogeneity, and influences chemotherapy resistance. Although Gap 2 and mitotic checkpoints are thought to prevent genomic instability, the role of these checkpoints in breast cancer is poorly understood. Here, we assess the Gap 2 and mitotic checkpoint functions of 24 breast cancer and immortalized mammary epithelial cell lines representing four of the six intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer. We found that patterns of cell cycle checkpoint deregulation were associated with the intrinsic molecular subtype of breast cancer cell lines. Specifically, the luminal B and basal-like cell lines harbored two molecularly distinct Gap 2/mitosis checkpoint defects (impairment of the decatenation Gap 2 checkpoint and the spindle assembly checkpoint, respectively). All subtypes of breast cancer cell lines examined displayed aberrant DNA synthesis/Gap 2/mitosis progression and the basal-like and claudin-low cell lines exhibited increased percentages of chromatid cohesion defects. Furthermore, a decatenation Gap 2 checkpoint gene expression signature identified in the cell line panel correlated with clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients, suggesting that breast tumors may also harbor defects in decatenation Gap 2 checkpoint function. Taken together, these data imply that pharmacological targeting of signaling pathways driving these phenotypes may lead to the development of novel personalized treatment strategies for the latter two subtypes which currently lack targeted therapeutic options because of their triple negative breast cancer status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn J. Bower
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Leah D. Vance
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Matthew Psioda
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Stephanie L. Smith-Roe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Dennis A. Simpson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Joseph G. Ibrahim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - William K. Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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13
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Jain CK, Majumder HK, Roychoudhury S. Natural Compounds as Anticancer Agents Targeting DNA Topoisomerases. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:75-92. [PMID: 28503091 PMCID: PMC5321768 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160808125213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are important cellular enzymes found in almost all types of living cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic). These enzymes are essential for various DNA metabolic processes e.g. replication, transcription, recombination, chromosomal decatenation etc. These enzymes are important molecular drug targets and inhibitors of these enzymes are widely used as effective anticancer and antibacterial drugs. However, topoisomerase inhibitors have some therapeutic limitations and they exert serious side effects during cancer chemotherapy. Thus, development of novel anticancer topoisomerase inhibitors is necessary for improving cancer chemotherapy. Nature serves as a repertoire of structurally and chemically diverse molecules and in the recent years many DNA topoisomerase inhibitors have been identified from natural sources. The present review discusses anticancer properties and therapeutic importance of eighteen recently identified natural topoisomerase inhibitors (from the year 2009 to 2015). Structural characteristics of these novel inhibitors provide backbones for designing and developing new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Kumar Jain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Majumder
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre & Research Institute, M G Road, Thakurpukur, Kolkata-700 063, India
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14
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Pike T, Brownlow N, Kjaer S, Carlton J, Parker PJ. PKCɛ switches Aurora B specificity to exit the abscission checkpoint. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13853. [PMID: 28004745 PMCID: PMC5192180 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'NoCut', or Aurora B abscission checkpoint can be activated if DNA is retained in the cleavage furrow after completion of anaphase. Checkpoint failure leads to incomplete abscission and a binucleate outcome. These phenotypes are also observed after loss of PKCɛ in transformed cell models. Here we show that PKCɛ directly modulates the Aurora B-dependent abscission checkpoint by phosphorylating Aurora B at S227. This phosphorylation invokes a switch in Aurora B specificity, with increased phosphorylation of a subset of target substrates, including the CPC subunit Borealin. This switch is essential for abscission checkpoint exit. Preventing the phosphorylation of Borealin leads to abscission failure, as does expression of a non-phosphorylatable Aurora B S227A mutant. Further, depletion of the ESCRT-III component and Aurora B substrate CHMP4C enables abscission, bypassing the PKCɛ-Aurora B exit pathway. Thus, we demonstrate that PKCɛ signals through Aurora B to exit the abscission checkpoint and complete cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Pike
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Brownlow
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Svend Kjaer
- Protein Purification Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jeremy Carlton
- Division of Cancer Studies King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter J. Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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15
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Spoerri L, Brooks K, Chia K, Grossman G, Ellis JJ, Dahmer-Heath M, Škalamera D, Pavey S, Burmeister B, Gabrielli B. A novel ATM-dependent checkpoint defect distinct from loss of function mutation promotes genomic instability in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:329-39. [PMID: 26854966 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas have high levels of genomic instability that can contribute to poor disease prognosis. Here, we report a novel defect of the ATM-dependent cell cycle checkpoint in melanoma cell lines that promotes genomic instability. In defective cells, ATM signalling to CHK2 is intact, but the cells are unable to maintain the cell cycle arrest due to elevated PLK1 driving recovery from the arrest. Reducing PLK1 activity recovered the ATM-dependent checkpoint arrest, and over-expressing PLK1 was sufficient to overcome the checkpoint arrest and increase genomic instability. Loss of the ATM-dependent checkpoint did not affect sensitivity to ionizing radiation demonstrating that this defect is distinct from ATM loss of function mutations. The checkpoint defective melanoma cell lines over-express PLK1, and a significant proportion of melanomas have high levels of PLK1 over-expression suggesting this defect is a common feature of melanomas. The inability of ATM to impose a cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage increases genomic instability. This work also suggests that the ATM-dependent checkpoint arrest is likely to be defective in a higher proportion of cancers than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Spoerri
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kelly Brooks
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - KeeMing Chia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavriel Grossman
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Ellis
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Mareike Dahmer-Heath
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Dubravka Škalamera
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sandra Pavey
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Bryan Burmeister
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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16
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Jiang X, Wang J, Xing L, Shen H, Lian W, Yi L, Zhang D, Yang H, Liu J, Zhang X. Sterigmatocystin-induced checkpoint adaptation depends on Chk1 in immortalized human gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:259-270. [PMID: 26914363 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sterigmatocystin (ST) is a common contaminant detected in food and animal feed that has been recognized as a possible human carcinogen. Our previous studies demonstrate that ST causes DNA damage and subsequently triggers cell cycle arrest in G2 and apoptosis in immortalized human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Recently, studies have shown that in certain contexts, cells with DNA damage may escape checkpoint arrest and enter mitosis without repairing the damage. The term for this process is "checkpoint adaptation," and it increases the risk of unstable genome propagation, which may contribute to carcinogenesis. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether checkpoint adaptation occurs in GES-1 cells treated with ST and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to this phenotype. In this study, we found that ST treatment for 24 h in GES-1 cells led to an initial G2 arrest; however, a fraction of GES-1 cells became large and rounded, and the number of p-H3-positive cells increased sharply after ST treatment for 48 h. Moreover, collection of the large and rounded cells by mechanical shake-off revealed that the majority of these large cells were found in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Importantly, we found that these rounded cells entered mitosis despite damaged DNA and that a small subset of this cell population survived and continued to propagate. These results suggest that ST induces an initial G2 arrest that is subsequently followed by G2 phase checkpoint adaptation, which may potentially promote genomic instability and result in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we showed that activation of Chk1 contributes to the G2 arrest in GES-1 cells that are treated with ST for 24 h and that prolonged treatment of cells with ST for 48 h led to a decrease in the total protein and phosphorylation levels of Chk1 in mitotic cells, indicating that checkpoint adaptation may be driven by inactivation of Chk1. Knockdown studies confirmed that cells entered mitosis following inactivation of Chk1. Taken together, we show that ST treatment for 24 h activates Chk1 and induces a G2 arrest in GES-1 cells. However, prolonged ST treatment for 48 h led to Chk1 inactivation in GES-1 cells, which promotes checkpoint adaptation and entry of cells into mitosis despite damaged DNA. Importantly, checkpoint adaptation in GES-1 cells treated with ST may potentially promote genomic instability and drive tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Jiang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Lian
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Liu
- The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Jain CK, Roychoudhury S, Majumder HK. Selective killing of G2 decatenation checkpoint defective colon cancer cells by catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1195-204. [PMID: 25746763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells with defective DNA decatenation checkpoint can be selectively targeted by the catalytic inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) enzyme. Upon treatment with catalytic topo IIα inhibitors, cells with defective decatenation checkpoint fail to arrest their cell cycle in G2 phase and enter into M phase with catenated and under-condensed chromosomes resulting into impaired mitosis and eventually cell death. In the present work we analyzed decatenation checkpoint in five different colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT-29, Caco2, COLO 205 and SW480) and in one non-cancerous cell line (HEK293T). Four out of the five colon cancer cell lines i.e. HCT116, HT-29, Caco2, and COLO 205 were found to be compromised for the decatenation checkpoint function at different extents, whereas SW480 and HEK293T cell lines were found to be proficient for the checkpoint function. Upon treatment with ICRF193, decatenation checkpoint defective cell lines failed to arrest the cell cycle in G2 phase and entered into M phase without proper chromosomal decatenation, resulting into the formation of tangled mass of catenated and under-condensed chromosomes. Such cells underwent mitotic catastrophe and rapid apoptosis like cell death and showed higher sensitivity for ICRF193. Our study suggests that catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of colon cancers with defective DNA decatenation checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Kumar Jain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Hemanta Kumar Majumder
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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18
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Brooks K, Ranall M, Spoerri L, Stevenson A, Gunasingh G, Pavey S, Meunier F, Gonda TJ, Gabrielli B. Decatenation checkpoint-defective melanomas are dependent on PI3K for survival. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:813-21. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Brooks
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Max Ranall
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Loredana Spoerri
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Alex Stevenson
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Gency Gunasingh
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Sandra Pavey
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Fred Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research; Queensland Brain Institute; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Thomas J. Gonda
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Translational Research Institute; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Brisbane Qld Australia
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19
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Pavey S, Spoerri L, Haass NK, Gabrielli B. DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint defects as drivers and therapeutic targets in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:805-16. [PMID: 23837768 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet radiation (UVR) component of sunlight is the major environmental risk factor for melanoma, producing DNA lesions that can be mutagenic if not repaired. The high level of mutations in melanomas that have the signature of UVR-induced damage indicates that the normal mechanisms that detect and repair this damage must be defective in this system. With the exception of melanoma-prone heritable syndromes which have mutations of repair genes, there is little evidence for somatic mutation of known repair genes. Cell cycle checkpoint controls are tightly associated with repair mechanisms, arresting cells to allow for repair before continuing through the cell cycle. Checkpoint signaling components also regulate the repair mechanisms. Defects in checkpoint mechanisms have been identified in melanomas and are likely to be responsible for increased mutation load in melanoma. Loss of the checkpoint responses may also provide an opportunity to target melanomas using a synthetic lethal approach to identify and inhibit mechanisms that compensate for the defective checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pavey
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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